2. 2009 ICD-9-CM Diagnosis Codes 278.* : Overweight, obesity and other hyperalimentation.

Tersedia pada: www.icd9data.com/2009/Volume1/240-279/270-279/278/default.htm. (Diakses: 22

Juni 2018)

3.

7. Després, J. P., Arsenault, B. J., Côté, M., Cartier, A. & Lemieux, I. Abdominal obesity: The
cholesterol of the 21st century? Can. J. Cardiol. 24, 7–12 (2008).

6 Tatsumi, Y. et al. Risk for metabolic diseases in normal weight individuals with visceral fat
accumulation: A crosssectional study in Japan. BMJ Open 7, 1– 8 (2017).

10. Yulliasih W. Obesitas abdominal sebagai faktor risiko peningkatan kadar glukosa darah (karya tulis ilmiah).
Semarang: Universitas Diponegoro; 2009.

11. Sunarti & Maryani, E. Rasio lingkar pinggang dan pinggul dengan penyakit jantung koroner di
RSUD kabupaten Sukoharjo, Buletin Penelitian Sistem Kesehatan2013, 16 (1): 73-82.

13. Widyanto F. C dan Triwibowo C. Trend Disease “Trend Penyakit Saat Ini”. TIM. Jakarta: 2013

Keadaan obesitas meningkatkan resiko penyakit kardiovaskular karena keterkaitannya dengan

sindrom metabolik meliputi resistensi insulin, gangguan toleransi glukosa, abnormalitas trigliserida,
hemostasis, disfungsi endotel, dan hipertensi

Pada obesitas, tahanan perifer berkurang sedangkan saraf simpatis meninggi dengan aktifitas renin
plasma yang rendah. Makin besar massa tubuh, makin banyak darah yang dibutuhkan untuk
memasok oksigen dan makanan ke jaringan tubuh. Kondisi obesitas berhubungan dengan
peningkatan volume intravaskuler dan curah jantung. Daya pompa jantung dan sirkulasi volume
darah penderita hipertensi lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan penderita hipertensi dengan berat
badan normal.1

Penumpukan lemak berlebihan yang terjadi pada penderita obesitas mengakibatkan meningkatnya
jumlah asam lemak bebas yang dihidrolisis oleh LPL endotel. Peningkatan ini memicu produksi
oksidan yang berefek negatif terhadap retikulum endoplasma dan mitokondria. Free Fatty Acid FFA
yang dilepaskan karena adanya penimbunan lemak yang berlebihan juga menghambat terjadinya
lipogenesis sehingga menghambat klirens serum triasilgliserol sehingga mengakibatkan peningkatan
kadar trigliserida darah (hipertrigliseridemia).

Obesity is a condition in which the accumulation of excess fat in the body is commonly called central
obesity or abdominal obesity. The incidence of obesity in adults is quite high both in the world and in
Indonesia. Even the World Health Organization states that obesity is a global epidemic so it becomes
a health problem that must be addressed immediately. The prevalence of central obesity in adults in
Indonesia continues to increase in 2018 reaching 31.0%. Abdominal obesity is a stronger risk factor
for cardiovascular disease than obesity in general. Risk factors for an increase in blood pressure in
abdominal obesity are the first, intra-abdominal fat that affects the decrease in adiponectin levels,
increased blood needed to supply oxygen and food to the body's tissues so that there is an increase
in intravascular volume and cardiac output, as well as excessive fat accumulation resulting in
increased triglyceride levels cause an increase in blood viscosity which results in disruption of blood
flow in the blood vessels so that the heart works harder in pumping blood which in effect will cause
an increase in blood pressure. Central obesity is closely related to an increased risk of degenerative
diseases that is closely related to an increased risk of metabolic syndrome (hypetension,
dyslipidemia, and type II diabetes mellitus) 6 and cardiovascular disease. Mafaza research in 2016
said that someone who has a central obesity circumference has a risk of 9.508 times experiencing
hypertension than someone with a normal abdominal circumference.