PRAKTIKUM ANALISIS NUMERIK

PERSAMAAN LINIER
Laporan Praktikum Ke-1

Oleh :
Nama : Riski Fausta
NIM : 185090500111005

Asisten :
1. Hilda Irawati 175090501111001
2. Endang Krisnawati 175090500111007

PROGRAM STUDI SARJANA STATISTIKA

JURUSAN STATISTIKA
FAKULTAS MATEMATIKA DAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN ALAM
UNIVERSITAS BRAWIJAYA
MALANG
2020
 SOAL

1. Diketahui sistem persamaan linier. Cari nilai X dengan

menggunakan Eliminasi Gauss
X 1 + X 2+ X 3 + X 4 =14
2 X 1 +4 X 2 +3 X 3 +5 X 4 =51
3 X 1 + X 2 + 4 X 3 +6 X 4=61
4 X 1 +7 X 2 + X 3 +2 X 4=38
2. Diketahui sistem persamaan linier. Cari nilai X dan Y dengan
mneggunakan Faktorisasi Cholesky
6 X 1 +2 X 2 + X 3−X 4=9
2 X 1 +4 X 2 + X 3=13
X 1 + X 2+ 4 X 3−X 4=11
−X 1 −X 3 +3 X 4 =8
 SOURCE CODE DAN PENJELASAN

1. Berikut merupakan source code beserta penjelasan mengenai eliminasi

Gauss:
Source Code
> A <- matrix(c(1,1,1,1,14,2, Menginput variabel A yang berisi
4,3,5,51,3,1,4,6,61,4,7,1,2,38) matriks 4x5. “ncol” adalah n collumn
,ncol=5,byrow=TRUE)
> A[2,] <- A[2,]-2*A[1,]
> A[3,] <- A[3,]-3*A[1,]
> A[4,] <- A[4,]-4*A[1,]
> A[3,] <- A[3,]+A[2,]
> A[4,] <- A[4,]-1.5*A[2,]
> A[4,] <- A[4,]+2.25*A[3,] Menginput baris 4 yang baru yaitu baris
> A[1,] <- A[1,]-0.5*A[2,]
> A[2,] <- A[2,]-0.5*A[3,]
> A[1,] <- A[1,]-0.25*A[3,]
> A[4,] <- A[4,]/7
> A[3,] <- A[3,]-6*A[4,]
> A[1,] <- A[1,]+2*A[4,]
> A[2,] <- A[2,]/2
> A[3,] <- A[3,]/2
Penjelasan
atau jumlah kolom, satu kolom berisi 5
angka
Menginput baris 2 yang baru yaitu
baris 2 dikurangi baris 1 dikali 2
Menginput baris 3 yang baru yaitu baris
3 dikurangi baris 1 dikali 3
Menginput baris 4 yang baru yaitu baris
4 dikurangi baris 1 dikali 4
Menginput baris 3 yang baru yaitu baris
3 ditambah baris 2
Menginput baris 4 yang baru yaitu baris
4 dikurangi baris 2 dikali 1.5
4 ditambah baris 3 dikali 2.25
Menginput baris 1 yang baru yaitu baris
1 dikurangi baris 2 dikali 0.5
Menginput baris 2 yang baru yaitu baris
2 dikurangi baris 3 dikali 0.5
Menginput baris 1 yang baru yaitu baris
1 dikurangi baris 3 dikali 0.25
Menginput baris 4 yang baru yaitu baris
4 Dibagi 7
Menginput baris 2 yang baru yaitu baris
2 dikurangi baris 1 dikali 2
Menginput baris 1 yang baru yaitu baris
1 ditambah baris 4 dikali 2
Menginput baris 2 yang baru yaitu baris
2 dibagi 2
Menginput baris 3 yang baru yaitu baris
3 dibagi 2
Menampilkan hasil akhir matriks A
 2. Berikut merupakan source code beserta penjelasan mengenai Faktorisasi
Cholesky :
Source Code
> A=matrix(c(6,2,1,1,
2,4,1,0,1,1,4,1,1,0,
1,3),4,4,byrow=T)
>A
> L = t(chol(A))
> Lt = t(L)
> B = c(9,13,11,8)
> F = solve(L)%*%B
> G = solve(Lt)%*%F
Penjelasan
Menginput variabel A yang berisi
matriks 4x4.
Menampilkan matriks A
Membuat matriks L dengan transpose
dari cholesky dari matriks A
Membuat matriks Lt dengan isi
transpose dari matriks L
Menginput variabel B dengan matriks
Menginput variabel F dengan isi invers
matriks L dikali matriks B
Menginput variabel G dengan isi invers
Matriks Lt dikali matriks F
Menampilkan hasil akhir dari matriks G
 HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN

Hasil Manual
1. Eliminasi Gauss
| 1 1 1 1 14 |
A = | 2 4 3 5 51 |
| 3 1 4 6 61 |
| 4 7 1 2 38 |
a. Baris 2 matriks B = baris 2 matriks A kurangi dengan baris 1 matriks A
Dikali 2
b. Baris 3 matriks B = baris 3 matriks A kurangi dengan baris 1 matriks A
Dikali 3
c. Baris 4 matriks B = baris 4 matriks A kurangi dengan baris 1 matriks A
Dikali 4
- Maka matriks B sbb
| 1 1 1 1 14 |
B = | 0 2 1 3 23 |
| 0 -2 1 3 19 |
| 0 3 -3 -2 -18 |
a. Baris 3 matriks C = baris 3 matriks B tambah dengan baris 2 matriks B
b. Baris 4 matriks C = baris 4 matriks B kurangi dengan baris 2 matriks B
Dikali 1.5
c. Baris 4 matriks C = baris 4 matriks B tambah dengan baris 3 matriks B
Dikali 2.25
- Maka matriks C sbb
 | 1 1 1 1 14 |
C = | 0 2 1 3 23 |
| 0 0 2 6 42 |
| 0 0 0 7 42 |
- 7X4 = 42
X4 = 6
- 2X3 + 6 X4 = 42
2X3 + 6(6) = 42
X3 = 3
- 2X2+ X3+3X4 = 23
2X2+3+3(6) = 23
X2 = 1
- X1+X2+ X3+X4 = 14
X1+1+3+6 = 14
X1 = 4

- Maka dapat diketahui hasilnya X1 adalah 4, X2 = 1 , X3 = 3 , X4 = 6

2. Faktorisasi Cholesky
| 6 2 1 -1 |
A = | 2 4 1 0 |
| 1 1 4 -1 |
|-1 0 -1 3 |
Lalu mencari segitiga bawah dengan cholesky
| l11 l12 l13 l14 |
L = | l21 l22 l23 l24 |
| l31 l32 l33 l34 |
| l41 l42 l43 l44 |
l11 = √ A 11 = √ 6 = 2.449
A 21 2
l21 = = = 0.816
l 11 2,449
l22 = √A 22 −l 221 = √ 4−0.816 2 = 1.826
A 31 1
l31 = = = 0.408
l 11 2,449
A 32−l 21 l 31 1−( 0.816)( 0.408)
l32 = = = 0.365
l 22 1.826
l33 = √A 33 −l 231 l 32 = √ 4−( 0.408 )2 0.365 = 1.924
A 41 −1
l41 = = = - 0.408
l 11 2,449
a42−l 41 l 21 0−(−0.408)(0.816)
l42 = = = 0.1825
l 22 1.826
a43−l 41 l 31−l 42 l 32 −1−(−0.408)(0.408)−( 0.1825)(0.365)
l43 = = =
l 33 1.924
-0.468
l44 = √ a 44−l 412−l 422−l 432 = √ 3−(−0.408)2−(0.1825)2 −(−0.468)2 =
1.607

Sehingga Matriks L adalah

| 2.449 0 0 0 |
L = | 0.816 1.825 0 0 |
| 0.408 0.365 1.924 0 |
|-0.408 0.182 -0.468 1.607 |
Sehingga LY = B
| 2.449 0 0 0 ||Y1| |9 |
| 0.816 1.825 0 0 ||Y2| = |13|
| 0.408 0.365 1.924 0 ||Y3| |11|
|-0.408 0.182 -0.468 1.607 ||Y4| |8 |
- 2.449Y1 = 9
Y1 = 3.674
- 0.816Y1 + 1.825Y2 = 13
2.998 + 1.825Y2 = 13
Y2 = 5.4
- 0.47808Y1 + 0.365Y2 + 1.924Y3 = 11
1.499 +1.999 +1.924Y3 = 11
Y3 = 3.899
- -0.408Y1 + 0.182Y2 - 0.468Y3+1.607Y4 = 8
-1.5 +0.996 - 1.824 + 1.607Y4 = 8
Y4 = 6.426
| 3.674 |
Y = | 5.478 |
 | 3.899 |
| 6.426 |

Lalu dibentuk LT X = Y
| 2.449 0.816 0.408 -0.408 ||X1| |3.674|
| 0 1.825 0.365 0.182 ||X2| = |5.478|
| 0 0 1.923 -0.468 ||X3| |3.899|
| 0 0 0 1.607 ||X4| |6.426|
- 1.607X4 = 6.4263
X4 = 4
- 1.923X3 - 0.468X4 = 3.899 1.923X3 - 0.4679(4) = 3.899
X3 = 3
- 1.825X2 + 0.365X3 + 0.182X4 = 5.4781.825X2 + 0.365(3) +
0.182(4) = 5.478X2 = 2
- 2.449X1 +0.816X2 +0.408X3 - 0.408X4 = 3.6742.449X1 +0.816
(2) +0.408(3) -0.408(4)= 3.674X1 = 1
Hasil dari R
1. Eliminasi Gauss
> A <-
matrix(c(1,1,1,1,14,2,4,3,5,51,3,1,4,6,61,4,7,1,2,
38),ncol=5,byrow=TRUE)
> A
[,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5]
[1,] 1 1 1 1 14
[2,] 2 4 3 5 51
[3,] 3 1 4 6 61
[4,] 4 7 1 2 38
> A[2,] <- A[2,]-2*A[1,]
> A
[,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5]
[1,] 1 1 1 1 14
[2,] 0 2 1 3 23
[3,] 3 1 4 6 61
[4,] 4 7 1 2 38

> A[3,] <- A[3,]-3*A[1,]

> A
[,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5]
[1,] 1 1 1 1 14
[2,] 0 2 1 3 23
[3,] 0 -2 1 3 19
[4,] 4 7 1 2 38
> A[4,] <- A[4,]-4*A[1,]
> A
 [,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5]
[1,] 1 1 1 1 14
[2,] 0 2 1 3 23
[3,] 0 -2 1 3 19
[4,] 0 3 -3 -2 -18
> A[3,] <- A[3,]+A[2,]
> A
[,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5]
[1,] 1 1 1 1 14
[2,] 0 2 1 3 23
[3,] 0 0 2 6 42
[4,] 0 3 -3 -2 -18
> A[4,] <- A[4,]-1.5*A[2,]
> A
[,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5]
[1,] 1 1 1.0 1.0 14.0
[2,] 0 2 1.0 3.0 23.0
[3,] 0 0 2.0 6.0 42.0
[4,] 0 0 -4.5 -6.5 -52.5
> A[4,] <- A[4,]+2.25*A[3,]
> A
[,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5]
[1,] 1 1 1 1 14
[2,] 0 2 1 3 23
[3,] 0 0 2 6 42
[4,] 0 0 0 7 42
> A[1,] <- A[1,]-0.5*A[2,]
> A
[,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5]
[1,] 1 0 0.5 -0.5 2.5
[2,] 0 2 1.0 3.0 23.0
[3,] 0 0 2.0 6.0 42.0
[4,] 0 0 0.0 7.0 42.0
> A[2,] <- A[2,]-0.5*A[3,]
> A[1,] <- A[1,]-0.25*A[3,]
> A
[,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5]
[1,] 1 0 0 -2 -8
[2,] 0 2 0 0 2
[3,] 0 0 2 6 42
[4,] 0 0 0 7 42
> A[4,] <- A[4,]/7
> A
[,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5]
[1,] 1 0 0 -2 -8
[2,] 0 2 0 0 2
[3,] 0 0 2 6 42
[4,] 0 0 0 1 6
> A[3,] <- A[3,]-6*A[4,]
> A[1,] <- A[1,]+2*A[4,]
> A[2,] <- A[2,]/2
> A[3,] <- A[3,]/2
> A
[,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5]
[1,] 1 0 0 0 4
[2,] 0 1 0 0 1
[3,] 0 0 1 0 3
[4,] 0 0 0 1 6
2. Faktorisasi Cholesky
> A <- matrix(c(6,2,1,-1,2,4,1,0,1,1,4,-1,-1,0,-
1,3),4,4,byrow=T)
> A
[,1] [,2] [,3] [,4]
[1,] 6 2 1 -1
[2,] 2 4 1 0
[3,] 1 1 4 -1
[4,] -1 0 -1 3
> L = t(chol(A))
> L
[,1] [,2] [,3] [,4]
[1,] 2.4494897 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.000000
[2,] 0.8164966 1.8257419 0.0000000 0.000000
[3,] 0.4082483 0.3651484 1.9235384 0.000000
[4,] -0.4082483 0.1825742 -0.4678877 1.606574
> Lt = t(L)
> Lt
[,1] [,2] [,3] [,4]
[1,] 2.44949 0.8164966 0.4082483 -0.4082483
[2,] 0.00000 1.8257419 0.3651484 0.1825742
[3,] 0.00000 0.0000000 1.9235384 -0.4678877
[4,] 0.00000 0.0000000 0.0000000 1.6065743
> B = c(9,13,11,8)
> F = solve(L)%*%B
> F
[,1]
[1,] 3.674235
[2,] 5.477226
[3,] 3.899064
[4,] 6.426297
> G = solve(Lt)%*%F
> G
[,1]
[1,] 1
[2,] 2
[3,] 3
[4,] 4
>

LAMPIRAN

(Screenshot input dan output R)

1. Eliminasi Gauss
2. Faktorisasi Cholesky