2.

( Δ )= AB+BC
=d sin θ+d sin θ
=2d sin θ
2.4

2 d sin θ=nλ
n=1,2,3 ,. . ..
2.5

N ( r+T ) =n ( r )
2.6

n ( x ) =n0 + ∑ p>0 [ Cp cos ( px ) +cq sin ( px ) ]

2.7

[
n ( x )=n0 + ∑p>0 Cp cos ( 2aπ px)+Cq sin ( 2aπ px)]
n ( x+a )=n0 + ∑[
p >0
Cp cos ( 2aπ px+ 2aπ pa )+Cq sin ( 2aπ px + 2aπ pa)]
n ( x+a )=n0 + ∑[
p >0
Cp cos ( 2aπ px+2 πp)+Cq sin ( 2aπ px+2 πp)]
2.8

2π 2π
n ( x+ a )=n0 + ∑ Cp cos
p >0
[ ( a )
px +Cq sin
a( )]
px =n ( x )

2.9

n ( x+a )= ∑ C exp ( i 2 π px/a )

p >0

2.10
¿
n−p =n p
2.11

n p ( cosϕ+i sin ϕ ) +n−p ( cos ϕ−sin ϕ )=( n p +n− p ) cos ϕ+ ( n p−n− p ) i sin ϕ

2.12

2 Re ( n p ) cosϕ−2im ( n p ) sin ϕ

2.13

n ( r )=∑G nG exp ( iG . r )

2.14

2 π a2 ×a3 2 π a 1×a3 2 π a1 ×a2

b1 =
(
a1 . a2 ×a3 ) ; b 2=
(
a 2 . a 1×a3 ) ; b3 =
(
a3 . a1 ×a2 )
a1 =( a2 ×a3 )=a2 ( a 1×a3 ) =a3 ( a1 ×a 2 )
Karena maka sumbu kisi resiprok dapat dituliskan

2.15

2 π a2 ×a3 2 π a 1×a3 2 π a1 ×a 2
b1 =
(
a1 . a2 ×a3 ) ; b 2=
(
a1 . a 2×a3 ) ; b3 =
(
a1 . a2 ×a3 )
2.16

⃗G=v 1 ⃗
b1 +v 2 ⃗
b2 +v 3 ⃗
b3
2.17 (catatan yg halaman 13 da double 2.16 nya seharusnya 2.17)

Δ=r sin ϕ
2.18

δ=kΔ
2π
= r sin ϕ
λ
⃗k .⃗r=k. r cos ( 90−ϕ )
2π
= r cos ( 90−ϕ )
λ

⃗k .⃗r=k. r sin ϕ=δ

2.18

⃗k .⃗r=δ
2.19

δ =+kΔ
2π
=+ r sin ϕ
λ

−⃗k ' .⃗r=−k ' . r cos ( 90−ϕ )

2π
= r cos ( 90−ϕ )
λ
2π
−⃗k ' .⃗r= r sin ϕ=δ
λ
2.20

−⃗k '=δ
2.21

β=δ +δ '
= ⃗k. r⃗ +(− ⃗k' . r⃗ )
=( ⃗k−k⃗ ' ) . ⃗r
2.22

exp iβ=exp [ ( k⃗ −k⃗ ' ) .⃗r ]

2.23

F=∫ dV N ( r⃗ ) exp ( ⃗k )

Jika Δ k⃗ =( ⃗
k '−k⃗ )
2.24

F=∫ dV n ( r⃗ ) exp[−

n ( ⃗r )=∑G nG exp (i ⃗G .⃗r )

karena

maka persamaan 2.24 menjadi

F=∫ dV ∑ nG exp ( i ⃗
G . ⃗r ) exp [−iΔ ⃗k . r⃗ ]
G
G− Δ ⃗k ) . ⃗r ]
F=∫ dV ∑ nG exp [ i ( ⃗
G 2.25
2.26

⃗G= ⃗k '−k⃗
Maka :

2.27

F=V n G exp 0
F=V n G

Maka

|k|⃗ 2=|⃗k'|2
Dengan demikian

⃗G=Δ ⃗k
= ⃗k'−k⃗
⃗G+⃗k=⃗k ' (2.28)
Sehingga

( ⃗G + ⃗k )2 =( k⃗ ' )2
⃗
G2 + ⃗ k 2 +2 ⃗k ⃗G=( k⃗ ' )
2

2 ⃗k ⃗G=⃗
2
G kondisi difraksi (2.29)