MODEL HIPERKOLESTEROL
Oleh:
Hilda Habibah
(201310330311158)
FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN
2017
KATA PENGANTAR
semesta alam, Yang Maha Pengasih lagi Maha Penyayang, Yang Maha Pemberi
Sholawat serta salam tak lupa mari kita haturkan kepada Nabiyullah, Nabi
dan umatnya yang mengikutinya hingga hari kiamat, semoga kita semua
adanya bantuan dari berbagai pihak, oleh karena itulah pada kesempatan ini
penulis ingin menyampaikan ucapan terima kasih yang tak terhingga kepada:
Muhammadiyah Malang.
4. dr. Iwan Sys Indrawanto, Sp.KJ., selaku Pembantu Dekan III Fakultas
dengan baik.
7. dr. Alfa Sylvestris, Sp.M., selaku penguji, yang telah memberikan bimbingan
dan saran perbaikan tugas akhir ini sehingga menjadi lebih baik.
8. Keluarga tercinta abah Imam Mahfudi, Mama Turoiyah, kakak Fajar Ikmal
dan Sherly Isnaeni serta adik tercinta Ananda Maghfiroh, serta seluruh
Cindy, Maya, Oliv), Trio semangat (Diajeng kecil, Nurain najah), kelompok
Muslimah Baper (Yuanita, Cindy, Churin, Fitri, Maya, Elda, Ajeng, Yunike,
), Grup Bintang (Nia, Ajeng), Mbak chizma, Mbak Indri, Septy, Ririn,
Ganda, Novi, Fajar Trenggalih, Sandy, Erina, Galih bayu, Youngky, Mbak
Dewi, Nanak, Mbak Krida, Willy serta semua sahabatku yang tidak bisa saya
berharga bersama kalian & telah mengajarkan banyak hal, terima kasih atas
11. Pak Joko, Pak Yono, Bu Endah, Mas Didit, Mas Miftah, Mas Yono, Mbak
Fat, Mbak Nuke, Mbak Citra, terima kasih atas bantuan dan arahannya.
12. Semua pihak yang terlibat langsung maupun tidak langsung yang tidak
dari berbagai pihak. Semoga tugas akhir inibermanfaat bagi semua pihak.
Aamiin.
Penulis
DAFTAR ISI
Halaman
DAFTAR ISI .................................................................................................. i
DAFTAR TABEL ....................................................................................... iii
DAFTAR GAMBAR .................................................................................. iv
DAFTAR SINGKATAN ............................................................................. v
BAB 1 PENDAHULUAN ............................................................................ 1
1.1 Latar Belakang ................................................................................ 1
1.2 Rumusan Masalah .......................................................................... 3
1.3 Tujuan Penelitian ............................................................................ 4
1.3.1 Tujuan umum ......................................................................... 4
1.3.2 Tujuan khusus ...................................................................... 4
1.4 Manfaat Penelitian ......................................................................... 4
1.4.1 Manfaat akademik ................................................................ 4
1.4.2 Manfaat klinis ....................................................................... 5
1.4.3 Manfaat masyarakat.............................................................. 5
BAB 2 TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ................................................................... 6
2.1 Daun Kelor...................................................................................... 6
2.1.1 Taksonomi ........................................................................... 6
2.1.2 Morfologi .............................................................................. 7
2.1.3 Kandungan daun kelor ......................................................... 7
2.2 Peran Kelor dalam Menurunkan MDA........................................... 9
2.3 Hiperkolesterol ............................................................................ 10
2.3.1 Definisi ............................................................................. 10
2.3.2 Patofisiologi ..................................................................... 10
2.3.3 Klasifikasi......................................................................... 11
2.4 Peran Hiperkolesterol terhadap MDA dan Gangguan kardiovas
kular…………………………………………………………….. 13
2.5 Malondialdehid (MDA) ................................................................ 13
2.5.1 Definisi ............................................................................. 13
2.5.2 Pembentukan MDA dalam hiperkolesterol ...................... 15
2.5.3 Senyawa HNE-2-alkenal .................................................. 17
2.5.4 Perbandingan parameter radikal antar spesies ................. 18
2.6 Radikal Bebas ............................................................................... 18
2.6.1 Peroksidasi lipid sebagai sumber radikal bebas ............... 18
2.7 Antioksidan ................................................................................... 19
2.7.1 Mekanisme antioksidan dalam menurunkan MDA .......... 19
BAB 3 KERANGKA KONSEPTUAL DAN HIPOTESIS ................... 22
3.1 Kerangka Konseptual................................................................... 22
3.2 Hipotesis ..................................................................................... 25
BAB 4 METODE PENELITIAN ............................................................. 26
4.1 Jenis Penelitian ........................................................................... 26
4.2 Lokasi dan Waktu Penelitian ...................................................... 26
4.3 Populasi dan Sampel ................................................................... 26
4.3.1 Populasi ............................................................................ 26
4.3.2 Sampel .............................................................................. 26
4.3.3 Replika ............................................................................... 27
4.3.4 Karakteristik sampel penelitian .......................................... 28
4.3.4.1 Kriteria Inklusi ....................................................... 28
4.3.4.1 Kriteria Eksklusi/Drop out ..................................... 28
4.3.5 Variabel Penelitian ............................................................ 28
4.3.5.1 Variabel Bebas ....................................................... 28
4.3.5.2 Variabel Tergantung............................................... 28
4.3.6 Definisi Operasional Variabel .............................................. 28
4.4 Alat dan Bahan Penelitian ........................................................... 29
4.4.1 Alat ..................................................................................... 29
4.4.2 Bahan ................................................................................ 30
4.5 Prosedur Penelitian ....................................................................... 30
4.5.1 Ekstrak Daun Kelor dan Penentuan Dosis ......................... 30
4.5.2 Pembagian Kelompok Tikus .............................................. 32
4.5.3 Adaptasi .............................................................................. 32
4.5.4 Diet Hiperkolesterol .......................................................... 32
4.5.5 Proses Anastesi dan Pembedahan Hewan Coba ................. 33
4.5.6 Perhitungan Kadar MDA ................................................... 33
4.6 Analisis Data ................................................................................. 34
4.6 Alur Penelitian .............................................................................. 37
BAB 5 HASIL PENELITIAN DAN ANALISIS DATA.................38
5.1 Hasil Penelitian..............................................................................38
5.1.1 Hasil Pengukuran Kadar MDA............................................38
5.2 Analisa Data...................................................................................39
5.2.1 Hasil Analisa UJi Normalitas dan Homogenitas..................39
5.2.2 Uji One Way Anova ............................................................39
5.2.3 Pengujian Berganda.............................................................39
5.2.4 Uji Korelasi dan Regresi Linear..........................................40
BAB 6 PEMBAHASAN.....................................................................45
BAB 7 KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN..............................................50
7.1 Kesimpulan.............................................................................50
7.2 Saran.......................................................................................50
DAFTAR PUSTAKA.........................................................................52
LAMPIRAN........................................................................................58
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel Halaman
2.1 Perbandingan Kandungan Flavonoid Daun, Batang dan Tangkai.............8
2.2 Kandungan Vitamin Daun Kelor..............................................................8
2.3 Komposisi Nutrisi Daun Kelor.................................................................8
2.4 Kandungan Asam Amino Daun Kelor......................................................9
2.5 Klasifikasi Kolesterol Total, Kolesterol LDL, Kolesterol HDL dan
Trigliserida.......................................................................................................12
2.6 Klasifikasi Hiperkolesterol berdasarkan kriteria
WHO................................................................................................................12
2.7 Perbandingan Parameter Radikal antar spesies........................................18
4.1 Konversi Dosis antar Spesies....................................................................31
5.1 Hasil Uji One Way Anova….....................................................................40
5.2 Uji Pos Hoc Bonferroni .............................................................................41
5.3 Uji Korelasi.................................................................................................42
5.4 Uji Regresi .................................................................................................43
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar Halaman
2.1 Daun Kelor...............................................................................................6
2.2 Struktur kimia Malondialdehid (MDA)..................................................13
2.3 Tiga Proses Peroksidasi Lipid.................................................................17
5.1 Grafik hasil Rerata Pemeriksaan Kadar MDA........................................39
5.2 Grafik Linieritas antara Dosis Ekstrak Daun Kelor dengan Kadar MDA
pada Tikus Putih................................................................................................43
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