Catatan:
Kelebihan motor DC
❖ Kecepatan/laju dan arah putarnya dapat diatur
dengan mudah sesuai dengan keinginan.
The brushed DC electric motor : generates torque directly
from DC power supplied to the motor by using internal
commutation, stationary magnets
(permanent or electromagnets), and rotating electrical
magnets.
Ea K1 K 2 I a
MOTOR DC SERI
Pcf=ia2Rf P
Pca=ia2Ra
60P
P is normally given 2 N
60Po
Pin = Pout + total losses for output / load torque, o
2 N
Where, 60Pm
for mechanicaltorque, m
Pca =armature copper loss 2 N
Pcf =field copper loss P
P=stray, mech etc Efficiency, out
Pin
Pm= Ea ia
Series Motor (contoh)
• Example 1: Ra Rf
ia
A dc machine in Figure 1 is
consumed a 6.5kW when the
12.5 A of armature current is
passing thru the armature and M Ea VT (dc
field resistance of 3.3 and supply)
Ea
b) developed/mechanical power and
developed/mechanical torque
c) assume that a change in load Figure 2
results in the line current
dropping to 150A. Find the new
speed in rpm and new developed
torque. {Hint: Ea=K1K2ia}
Motor shunt
ia iL
• Shunt motors use high- Ra
RA
Armature
Tdev
m
19
MOTOR DC SHUNT
Karena medan kumparan parallel terbuat dari kabel yang kecil. Motor ini
tidak dapat memproduksi arus yang besar ketika mulai melakukan
putaran seperti pada medan kumparan seri. Hal ini berarti motor parallel
mempunyai torsi awal yang lemah.
Dalam industry, motor shunt digunakan pada mesin bubut, Drills, Boring
Mills, pembentuk, dan Spinning.
Shunt Motor (power flow diagram)
Pcf=if2Rf P
Pin=VTiL Pm Pout
Pca=ia2Ra
60P
P is normally given 2 N
60Po
Pin = Pout + total losses for output / load torque, o
2 N
Where, 60Pm
for mechanicaltorque, m
Pca =armature copper loss 2 N
Pcf =field copper loss P
P=stray, mech etc Efficiency, out
Pin
Pm= Ea ia
Separately Excited DC Motor Torque-speed Characteristics
RA
+
Vf Armature
-
Field Coil
Tdev
m
23
Shunt Motor
• Example :
– A voltage of 230V is applied to armature of a
machines results in a full load armature currents
of 205A. Assume that armature resistance is 0.2.
Find the back emf, net power and torque by
assuming the rotational losses are 1445W at full
load speed of 1750rpm.
Motor kompon
• the concept of the ia Ra Rf2 iL
designs are
combined. M Ea Rf1 VT (dc
supply)
VT Ea ia ( Ra R f 2 )
note : iL ia i f
VT i f R f 1
MOTOR DC KOMPON
Pin=VTiL Pm Pout
Pcf1=if2Rf1
60P
P is normally given 2 N
60Po
Pin = Pout + total losses for output / load torque, o
2 N
Where, 60Pm
for mechanicaltorque, m
Pca =armature copper loss 2 N
Pcf =field copper loss P
P=stray, mech etc Efficiency, out
Pin
Pm= Ea ia
Motor dc penguat terpisah
Circuit analysis: Rf Ra La
If ia
2 pnZ
Ea K f if n K f n Vf Lf M Ea VT
60C
Where p= jumlah pasang kutub
n= speed (rpm)
Z=jumlah konduktor Vf if Rf
=Flux per pole (Wb)
C= no of current/parallel path
=2p (belitan jerat)
=2 (belitan gelombang)
VT Ea ia Ra
note : ia iL
Permanent Magnet motors
• Digunakan magnet permanen untuk menyediakan
fluksi medan magnet.
• Karena daya listrik tidak diperlukan untuk mencatu
medan maka tidak ada rugi-rugi tembaga pada
medan.
• Karena tidak menggunakan lilitan medan maka
motor jenis ini ukurannya lebih kecil dan lebih ringan.
• Kekurangan dari motor ini, tidak dapat
membangkitkan fluks yang besar, sehingga ggl
induksinya rendah.
Starting Motor DC
Pada saat start motor dc EA = 0, sehingga
Vt Ea Ia.Ra
Ea Cn
Vt Ia.Ra
n
C
• Pengereman dinamik
• Pengereman regeneratif
• Pengereman mendadak
Pengereman dinamik
Rugi2 If2Rsh
2
Rugi2 Is2Rs
Rugi beban Rugi2 Ia Ra
Rugi
Rugi Putaran
tersebar Sikat
tanpa Beban
46
Rugi-rugi tembaga
Rugi-rugi Tembaga(Cu losses)
.Armature copper loss = Ia2Ra
.Field copper loss = If2Rf
.Loss due to brush contact resistance; usually included in
the armature copper loss.
Rse
Ra Rsh Ra
Rsh V
E E V
47
47
Rugi-rugi besi
• Hysteresis Loss
– This loss is due to the reversal of magnetism of the armature
core.
– (Every portion of the rotating core passes under N and S pole
alternately, thereby attaining S and N polarity respectively.
48
48
Rugi-rugi edy current
.The core material is electrically conductive.
49 49
Rugi-rugi mekanik
Poles Fan
Brushes
Rotor winding
Bearing Commutator
50 50
• Stray Losses: usually magnetic and mechanical losses are
collectively known as Stray Losses.
• Constant Losses: Wc, consists of stray losses and shunt Cu
losses.
• Variable Loss: varied with the load current -> armature Cu
loss.
51
RUGI DAN EFISIENSI DALAM MESIN ARUS
SEARAH
Rugi-rugi pada mesin arus searah:
➢Rugi besi
➢Rugi tembaga
➢Rugi mekanik
Pout
Efisiensi( )
Pout rugi