ASTERIDAE

GBI 342
BOTANI TUMBUHAN
BERPEMBULUH
Drs. Didi Jaya Santri, M.Si.

BOTANI TUMBUHAN BERPEMBULUH Asteridae
Magnoliophyta :
Magnoliopsida Liliopsida
Subclass Asteridae
n Mencakup 11 bangsa, 49 suku and hampir 60,000 jenis.
n Keanekaragaman jenis Asteridae sebanding dengan Rosidae,
tetapi jumlah suku kurang dari Rosidae maupun Dilleniidae.
n Sekitar sepertiga dari jenis-jeins ini tergolong ke dalam satu
suku Asteraceae.
n Asteraceae merupakan suku pada kelompok dikotil yang
paling beragam dan terspesialisasi, sebanding dengan suku
Orchidaceae pada kelompok tumbuhan monokotil dalam hal
posisi filogenetik, modifikasi adaptif yang unik dan keragaman
jenis.
11 Bangsa dari Asteridae

• Anak kelas ini oleh Cronquist dikelompokkan menjadi dua
klaster bangsa . Satu kelompok hipogini, sedangkan
kelompok lain epigini.
hypogyny
epigyny
Karakterisktik Asteridae
n Anggota Asteridae dikenali
dengan adanya mahkota
yang simpetal dan berbeda
dari simpetalnya
Dilleniidae dengan adanya
androecium dengan
jumlah stamen yang sama
atau kurang dari jumlah
helaian petal, dan terletak
di antara petal.
n Selain itu Asteridae
umumnya mempunyai
gynoecium bikarpel (dua
karpel) dan stamen
epipetal.
Bunga-bunga simpetal pada Asteridae
Coba buat foto perbandingan beberapa bunga simpetal pada Asteridae

antara lain : Alamanda, Chatarantus, Salvia, Solanum, Impatiens, tembesu
dsb.
n Asteridae berkorelasi dengan evolusi serangga yang

mempunyai kemampuan mengenali pola perbungaaan yang
kompleks. Kejadian ini dikenal dengan nama Koevolusi
Gentianales
No Suku Nama Jenis Nama Daerah
1 Gentianaceae Fagraea fragrans Roxb. Tembesu
2 Apocynaceae Allamanda cathartica L. Alamanda
Alstonia scholaris L. Pulai
Cascabella thevetia (L.) Lippold
Cataranthus roseus (L.) G.Don. Tapak dara
Cerbera manghas L. Bintaro
Dyera costulata (Miq.) Hook.f. Jelutung
Nerium oleander L. Nerium
Plumeria rubra L. / P. acuminata Kamboja
3 Asclepiadaceae Calotropis gigantea (L.) Dryand. Widuri
1. Bangsa Gentianales
Suku Loganiaceae / Gentianaceae
Fagraea fragrans (tembesu)

Suku Apocynaceae
n Pohon, perdu, kadang herba atau liana, bergetah
susu
n Daun tunggal, berhadapan atau dalam lingkaan,
stipula tidak ada
n Mahkota bunga sympetalus, pada waktu kuncup
terputar (contortus), biasanya berbentuk lonceng
n Bunga ⚥, ✱ / The flowers are bisexual and
actinomorphic or sometimes weakly zygomorphic.
n Ca⑤ Co⑤ A5 G②
Suku Apocvynaceae
n Stamen terpisah, sebanyak petal, berselingan
dengan petal dan melekat pada tabung mahkota.
n Putik dengan ovarium dua karpel
n Buah folikulus, kapsula atau baka.
n Terdiri atas ± 200 genus dan 2500 jenis.
Suku Apocynaceae
Adenium multiflorum Adenium obesum

Suku Apocynaceae
Allamanda chatartica
Suku Apocynaceae
Alstonia macrophylla
Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br.

(pulai)
Suku Apocynaceae
Catharanthus roseus (L.) G.Don Cerbera manghas L.

(tapak dara)
Suku Apocynaceae
Plumeria rubra L. (kamboja)

syn. Plumeria acuminata W.T.Aiton
Suku Apocynaceae
Cascabela thevetia (L.) Lippold.

Synonim:
Thevetia peruviana (Pers.) K.Schum.
3. Suku Asclepiadaceae
Asclepias curassavica L.
Calotropis gigantea (L.) Dryand.

Calotropis gigantea Gynostegium in Calotropis

stigma
corona
stamen
corolla
Gentianales: Apocynaceae
Allamanda cathartica L.
Alstonia scholaris L Cascabella thevethia

Cataranthus roseus Cerbera manghas

Dyera costulata
Nerium oleander
Plumeria acuminata
P. rubra
Gentianales: Asclepiadaceae
Calotrophis gigantea
Solanales: Solanaceae
n Herba, semak atau pohon teridiri atas 115 marga
dan 8.400 jenis
n Daun bergantian, tunggal, tidak ada stipula
n Bunga ⚥, ✱ sedikit yang ↑.
n Corola 5 simpetal, tda: tubus, faux, limbus
n Benang sari berselingan dengan petal, melekat pada
tabung petal
n Putik dgn ovarium superus 2 karpel dua ruang,
dengan sekat semu
n Buah baka, dan kapsula
Detil karakter Solanaceae

Solanum torvum Solanum tuberosum

Solanales
1 Solanaceae Brugmansia suaveolens (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Kecubung gunung
Willd.) Bercht. & J.Presl
Brugmansia × candida Pers. Kecubung gunung
Capsicum annuum L. Cabe
C. annuum var. frutescens (L.) Kuntze Cabe rawit
C. annuum var. longum (DC.) Sendtn. Cabe merah
Datura metel L. Kecubung
Nicotiana tabacum L. tembakau
Lycopersicon lycopersicum (L.) H.Karst. tomat
Solanum betaceum Cav Tamarillo/trg blnda
Solanum lycopersicum L tomat
Solanum macrocarpon L Terung bulat
Solanum mammosum L. Cung t****k
Solanales
1 Solanaceae Solanum melongena L. Terong panjang
(lanjutan) Solanum torvum Sw. cempokak
Solanum tuberosum L. kentang
2 Convolvulaceae Ipomoea aquatica Forssk, kangkung
Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. Ubi jalar
Ipomoea cairica (L.) Sweet
Ipomoea pes-caprae (L.) R. Br.
Ipomoea nil (L.) Roth
Ipomoea purpurea (L.) Roth
Ipomoea tricolor Cav.
Brugmansia suaveolens Brugmansia candida

Capsicum annuum var. longum (DC.) Sendtn. Capsicum annuum var. frutescens (L.) Kuntze
Datura metel Nicotiana tabacum

Lycopersicon lycopersicum Solanum betaceum

Solanum macrocarpon Solanum mammosum

Solanum melongena
Solanum nigrum Solanum torvum

Solanum tuberosum
Solanales: Convolvulaceae
n Herba menjalar atau semak, kadang dengan getah susu
n Terdiri atas 67 marga dan 6.014 species
n Daun tunggal, kadang berlekuk, bergantian, stipula tidak ada
n Bunga soliter, atau dikhasium terminal atau di ketiak daun. ✱, ⚥, warna
mencolok
n Corolla kelipatan 5 simpetal dengan bentuk terompet. Sepal lepas
n Stamen sering tidak sama, melekat pada tabung corolla
n Putik dengan ovarium superus 2 – 5 karpel, 2-5 ruang
n Buah kapsula
Detil karakter Convolculaceae

Cassytha filiformis Ipomoea aquatica

Ipomoea batatas Ipomoea cairica

Ipomoea pes-capprae
Lamiales: Verbenaceae
n 34 marga, 2.712 jenis
n herbs, shrubs, or trees comprising about 100 genera and 2,600 species
n quadrangular twigs and/or aromatic herbage.
n The leaves are nearly always opposite or whorled, mostly simple; stipules
are lacking.
n The flowers are nearly always bisexual and zygomorphic. The calyx is
symsepalous and most commonly 5-merous. The corolla is sympetalous,
usually unequally 5-lobed, and sometimes strongly 2-lipped.
n The androecium most commonly consists of 4 didynamous stamens
adnate to the corolla tube or perigynous zone, alternate with the lobes.
n The gynoecium consists of a single compound pistil of nearly always 2
carpels, a single terminal or subterminal style, and an unlobed or
shallowly lobed ovary, usually with 4 locules (by false septation), each
with a single axile ovule. A weakly developed annular nectary disk occurs
around the base of the ovary in many species.
n The fruit is usually a drupe or nutlets.
Lamiales
1 Verbenaceae Duranta erecta L. Bonsai
Lantana camara L.
Petrea volubilis L.
Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L.) Vahl Buntut tikus
Tectona grandis L.f. Jati
Clerodendrum thomsoniae Balf.f.
Vitex trifolia L. Leban
Lamiales: Lamiaceae
n 245 marga, 22.576 jenis
n The Lamiaceae are mostly herbs or shrubs comprising about 200 genera
and 3,200 species,
n aromatic, herbage, quadrangular stems, and verticillate inflorescences.
n The leaves are opposite or whorled, and are simple or occasionally
pinnately compound; stipules are absent.
n The flowers are bisexual and zygomorphic. The calyx is synsepalous,
typically 5-merous, sometimes 2-lipped, and usually has 5-15 conspicuous
ribs. The corolla is sympetalous and typically bilabiate with 2 lobes
forming an upper lip and 3 lobes forming a lower lip.
n The androecium consists of either 4 didynamous stamens or only two

stamens that are adnate to the corolla tube or perigynous zone, alternate
with the lobes.
n The gynoecium consists of a single compound ovary of 2 carpels, a single
gynobasic style, and a deeply 4-lobed superior ovary with 4 apparent
locules (by intrusion of the ovary wall), each with a single basal-axile
ovule. A hypogynous, often asymmetric nectariferous disk is generally
present between the stamens and ovary. The fruit consists of four 1-
seeded nutlets that rarely may be fleshy and drupaceous.
Lamiaceae
Lamiales
2 Lamiaceae Salvia splendens Sellow ex Schult.
Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq. Kumis kucing
Mentha arvensis L. Mint
Ocimum basilicum L. Selasih
Ocimum tenuiflorum L Ruku-ruku
Ocimum sanctum Kemangi
Coleus scutellarioides
Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit.
Leucas zeylanica (L.) W.T.Aiton
Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth.
Scrophulariales: Oleaceae
Scrophulariales: Acanthaceae
Asystasia intrusa Graptophyllum pictum

Scrophulariales: Acanthaceae
Hemigraphis alternata Thunbergia alata

Rubiales: Rubiaceae
n Trees, shrubs, or infrequently herbs comprising about 450 genera and
6,500 species, including some lianous forms.
n The leaves are simple and usually entire, and are opposite or sometimes
whorled; stipules are present and interpetiolar.
n The flowers are nearly always bisexual and actinomorphic, often
heterostylous, and usually are in cymose inflorescences. The calyx is
mostly somewhat reduced and 4-5-lobed or sometimes the lobes are
obsolete or rarely one of them greatly expanded and brightly colored. The
sympetalous corolla is mostly 4-5-lobed, occasionally with 3 or up to 10
lobes.
n The androecium consists of as many stamens as corolla lobes and is
adnate to the corolla tube or epigynous zone, alternate with the lobes.
n The gynoecium consists of a single compound pistil of 2 or seldom more
carpels, a single style, and a nearly always inferior ovary with the number
of locules equaling the number of carpels, each with 1-many axile ovules.
An epigynous nectary disk is usually present. The fruit is variable,
sometimes forming multiples.
Rubiales: Rubiaceae
Ixora javanica Mussaenda frondosa

Chincona ledgeriana
Coffea arabica
Morinda citrifolia
Uncaria gambir
Asterales: Asteraceae
n The Asteraceae are herbs, shrubs, or less commonly trees and
are arguably the largest family of flowering plants, comprising
about 1,100 genera and 20,000 species
n characterized by having the flowers reduced and organized
into an involucrate pseudanthium in the form of a head or
capitulum.
n The leaves are alternate, opposite, or less commonly whorled,
and range from simple to pinnately or palmately compound;
stipules are absent.
n Subtending and often partly enclosing the florets of the head
is one or more series of usually green, free or variously
connate bracts called involucral bracts or phyllaries. Another
kind of bract called a receptacular bract or chaff may be
associated with each disk floret throughout the head.
n The flowers are of two basic types; often within the same
head.
¨ tubular actinomorphic corollas
¨ strap-shaped or radiate zygomorphic corollas,
n Where both types are found in a single head:
¨ the central flowers have tubular, usually 4-5- lobed corollas, and
generally are bisexual
¨ the peripheral flowers have strap-shaped corollas generally with 3
distal teeth, and are usually female.
n Sometimes the heads lack ray flowers and are said to be
discoid head, consisting of only bisexual florets with tubular
corollas
n Disciform heads have bisexual central disk flowers

surrounded by female flowers that have a very slender tube
and an extremely suppressed or obsolete ligule
n Ligulate heads consist only of bisexual florets with corollas of
the ligulate or strap-shaped type but with generally 5 rather
than 3 distal teeth.
n In another variation some or all of the florets in the head have
2-lipped corollas.
n In all cases the calyx is absent or so highly modified as hairs,
bristles or scales on the ovary summit that it is given the
alternative name of pappus.
n The corolla is sympetalous with mostly 3-5 lobes.
n The androecium nearly always consists of 4 or 5 stamens that are united

by their anthers and are adnate to the corolla tube or epigynous zone,
alternate with the lobes.
n The gynoecium consists of a single compound pistil of 2 carpels, a single 2-
cleft style, and an inferior ovary with one locule and one basal ovule.
n During maturation of a flower, the style grows through the anther column,
and as it does, hairs on the outer surface of the closed style lobes brush
the pollen that is released into the anther column to the distal opening
where it is available for biotic pollinators.
n A nectary in the form of a scale or small cup is commonly found alongside
or around the base of the style.
n The fruit is an achene (cypsela) which may have a persistent pappus that
commonly functions in fruit dispersal.
Asterales: Asteraceae

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GBI 342

Drs. Didi Jaya Santri, M.Si.

11 Bangsa dari Asteridae

Bunga-bunga simpetal pada Asteridae

Coba buat foto perbandingan beberapa bunga simpetal pada Asteridae

n Asteridae berkorelasi dengan evolusi serangga yang

Fagraea fragrans (tembesu)

Adenium multiflorum Adenium obesum

Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br.

Catharanthus roseus (L.) G.Don Cerbera manghas L.

Plumeria rubra L. (kamboja)

Cascabela thevetia (L.) Lippold.

Calotropis gigantea (L.) Dryand.

Calotropis gigantea Gynostegium in Calotropis

Alstonia scholaris L Cascabella thevethia

Cataranthus roseus Cerbera manghas

Detil karakter Solanaceae

Solanum torvum Solanum tuberosum

Brugmansia suaveolens Brugmansia candida

Datura metel Nicotiana tabacum

Lycopersicon lycopersicum Solanum betaceum

Solanum macrocarpon Solanum mammosum

Solanum nigrum Solanum torvum

Detil karakter Convolculaceae

Cassytha filiformis Ipomoea aquatica

Ipomoea batatas Ipomoea cairica

n The androecium consists of either 4 didynamous stamens or only two

Asystasia intrusa Graptophyllum pictum

Hemigraphis alternata Thunbergia alata

Ixora javanica Mussaenda frondosa

n Disciform heads have bisexual central disk flowers

n The androecium nearly always consists of 4 or 5 stamens that are united

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