B. PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
Preparation
1. Check all the equipment required and have a good light:
Examination couch : sofa pemeriksaan
Stethoscope
2. Explain the procedure and its goals to the patient.
3. Wash your hands with antiseptic soap.
4. Dry and warm your hands with tissues.
5. Say Basmallah
Implementation
A General Examination:
6. General appearance:
Consciousness: Consciousness
Menilai kesadaran Pasien : tampak sadar
Colour of skin: Jaundice
Menilai Warna kulit pasien : kuning (jaundice)
7. Examine the vital signs: all within normal limit
Temperature: suhu
Pulse rate : denyut nadi
Blood Pressure : tekanan darah
Respiratory rate : respirasi
8. Kepala
Eyes :
conjunctivae: no anemic
Minta pasien melihat ke atas dan tekan bawah mata, apakah pucat atau tidak ?
Sclera : icteric
Minta pasien lihat kebawah (tekan kelopak mata)
Tongue :
Icteric
Frenulum linguae: icteric
Minta pasien lidah
keatas
gynecomastia (-)
Melihat ada/ tidak pembesaran payudara pada pria?
Skin:
Jaundice (+)
Abdomen :
Respiratory movement (abdominothoracal)
Menilai pergerakan nafasnya pada saat ekspirasi dan inspirasi
Is there any abdominal distension?,It better to make sure the
diameter of abdomen by measure the abdomen (-)
Apakah terdapat distensi perut? Dilakukan degan mengukur diameter
perut .
Ukur lingkar perut setinggi pusar berapa cm. Kemudian 3 cm diatas dan
dibawah pusar
Caput medusa (-)
(Caput medusae = pelebaran vena cutaneous di sekitar umbilicus)
Extremitas bawah
Periksa terdapat edema / tidak ? (-)
Anogenital
Atrophy Testis (-)
Hemorrhoid (-)
Percussion
13. Place the palmar aspect of your left hand on the abdomen, and gently
percuss its dorsal aspect with the tip of the middle finger of the right hand,
moving all around the abdominal region:
Tempatkan bagian telapak jari kiri diperut
perkusi secara gentle bagian dorsal dengan ujung jari tengah tangan
kanan
Gerakan ke semua regio perut
Kemudian dinilai
Is it tymphanitic? Tympanic (udara)
Is it dull (berisi cairan/massa)? Liver dullness? (3 cm below
arcus costarum, 5 cm below xiphoid process) We can do percussion
from thorax to find lung liver border (ICS 5-6)
Pasien ditemukan liver dullnes (3 cm below arcus costarum, 5 cm below
xiphoid process)
Kemudian lakukan perkusi dari thorax untuk menentukan batas paru
hepar (Dari mid clavicularline kanan sampai menemuka dull) ) (ICS 5-6)
Is there any shifting dullness? (-)
Bapak silahkan miring, kemudian perskusi dari medial ke lateral, jari
ditahan, dan cairan bergeser menjadi timfani jika positf
Pasien = (-)
If there were large ascites we can test it with undulation test (-)
Jika ada large acites , bisa dilakukan test undulasi, pasien = (-)
Auscultation
16. Using stethoscope, and place it gently on the abdomen, listen to the bowel
sounds and bruit at least for one minute: Normal bowel sound
Gunakan stestokop, tempatkan secara gentel diatas abdomen, dengarkan
bowel sound dan bruit sekurangnya selama 1 menit.
Absent?
High pitched and hyperactive?
Metallic sound?
Vascular bruit?
Write up
17. Write up all significant findings in the medical record.
18. Conclude your diagnosis and differential diagnosis, and order any necessary
special investigations
Kesimpulan :
Yellowsish skin (kulit kuning / jaundice)
Sclera : icteric
Frenulum linguae: icteric
Hepatomegaly (3 cm below arcus costarum, 5 cm below xiphoid
process)
Diagnonosis : Hepatitis
DD : Hepatitis virus, alkholic
Special investigasi : CBC, Diffcount, AST/ALT, Bilirubin, serology