Subject To be

I (saya) Am

You (kamu) Are

We (kami) Are

They (mereka) Are

He (dia laki-laki) Is

She (dia perempuan) Is

It (benda) Is

To be dapat berubah sesuai dengan kapan terjadinya peristiwa atau kejadian. Apakah itu terjadi
sekarang (present), di masa lampau (past), atau di masa depan (future). Untuk lebih jelasnya,
lihat tabel berikut ini ya.

Subject Present Past

I (saya) Am Was

You (kamu) Are Were

We (kami) Are Were

They (mereka) Are Were

He (dia laki-laki) Is Was

She (dia perempuan) Is Was

It (benda) Is Was

Di dalam tata bahasa Inggris (grammar), salah satu fungsi to be adalah sebagai verb atau

biasa disebut dengan verb to be. Verb to be digunakan sebagai kata penghubung antara
subject dengan noun (kata benda), subject dengan adjective (kata sifat), subject dengan adverb
(kata keterangan). Bagaimana cara penggunaannya? Simak penjelasan berikut ini yaa

Penggunaan Verb to Be dalam bahasa

Inggris
1. Penghubung Subject dengan Noun
Untuk fungsi verb to be dalam bahasa Inggris yang penggunaannya sebagai kata penghubung
antara subject dengan kata benda (Noun). EFriends dapat menggunakan formula berikut untuk
menyusun kalimat.
S + to be + noun
Contoh kalimat

 I am a student (saya seorang siswa)

  You are an athlete (kamu adalah seorang atlet)
 We are pilots (Kami adalah pilot)
 They are dancers (Mereka adalah penari)
 My sister is a nurse (kakak perempuanku adalah seorang suster)
 Michelle’s father is a police officer (Ayah Michelle adalah seorang polisi)
 My pet is a Brazilian turtle (Hewan piaraanku adalah seekor kura-kura Brazil)

2. Penghubung Subject dengan Adjective

Untuk fungsi verb to be dalam bahasa Inggris yang penggunaannya sebagai kata penghubung
antara subject dengan kata sifat (Adjective).EFriends dapat menggunakan formula berikut untuk
menyusun kalimat.
S + to be + adjective
Contoh kalimat

 Today is my first day at school. I am very excited (Hari ini hari pertama masuk sekolah.
Saya sangat senang)
 You are very brave (Kamu sangat berani)
 We are scared of bees (Kami takut lebah)
 They are very happy because today is a holiday (Mereka sangat senang karena hari ini
libur)
 Her sister is very beautiful. She won Miss Indonesia 2010 (Kakak perempuannya sangat
cantik. Dia menjadi pemenang Miss Indonesia 2010)
 Jody is very smart (Jody sangat pintar)
 Luna, my cat, is very naughty (Kucingku Luna sangat nakal)

3. Penghubung Subject dengan Adverb

Untuk fungsi verb to be dalam bahasa Inggris yang penggunaannya sebagai kata penghubung
antara subject dengan kata keterangan (Adverb). Adverb dapat berupa keterangan tempat atau
keterangan waktu. EFriends dapat menggunakan formula berikut untuk menyusun kalimat.
S + to be + Adverb of place or time
Contoh kalimat

 I am at school (Saya berada di sekolah)

 You are at your grandmother’s home (Kamu berada di rumah nenekmu)
 We are in Ken’s house (Kami berada di rumahnya Ken)
 They are in the sport hall playing basketball (Mereka ada di lapangan olahraga bermain
bola basket)
 My father is at his office (Ayahku berada di kantornya)
 Sansa is in the pool (Sansa berada di kolam renang)
 Lunch is at 12 PM (Makan siang pada jam 12 siang)
Simple Present Tense

Rumus Subject + Verb 1 (present form)

Kata Sinyal always, every, never, normally, often, sometimes, usually, seldom
Kalimat Positif He always works very hard in the company
Kalimat Negatif He does not work very hard in the company.
Does he work very hard in the company?
Kalimat Tanya
Yes, he does. / No, he does not.
Simple present tense adalah bentuk tense yang paling umum digunakan. Bentuk ini biasanya
digunakan untuk menunjukan fakta, kebiasaan, dan kejadian yang terjadi pada saat ini.

 Present Continuous Tense

Rumus Subject + am/is/are + Verb -ing (continuous form)

Kata Sinyal at the moment, just now, now, right now, Listen!, Look!
Kalimat Positif Look! He is talking with his classmates.
Kalimat Negatif He is not playing computer games now.
Is he playing computer games at the moment?
Kalimat Tanya
Yes, he is. / No, he is not.
Present continuous tense biasanya digunakan untuk membicarakan aksi yang sedang
berlangsung saat pembicaraan sedang berlangsung atau bisa juga digunakan
untuk rencana di masa depan.

Present Perfect Tense

Rumus Subject + has/have+ Verb III (past participle form)

Kata Sinyal already, ever, just, never, not yet, so far, till now, up to now
Kalimat Positif He has already finished his homework.
Kalimat Negatif He has not been to Australia so far.
Has he completed the arrangement for the coming event up to now?
Kalimat Tanya
Yes, he has. / No, he has not.
Present perfect tense menekankan pada hasil. Tense ini menunjukkan aksi yang masih
sedang berlangsung atau baru saja selesai.

Present Perfect Continuous Tense

Rumus Subject + HAS/HAVE + BEEN + Verb -ing (continuous form)

Kata Sinyal for the past 5 years, how long …?, the whole week, since xxxx
Kalimat Positif He has been working here since 1996.
Kalimat Negatif He has not been speaking for the last 3 hours.
Has he been playing the computer game all day?
Kalimat Tanya
Yes, he has. / No, he has not.
Present perfect continuous tense digunakan untuk mengungkapkan aksi yang telah selesai
pada suatu titik dimasa lampau atau aksi telah dimulai di masa lalu dan terus berlanjut
sampai sekarang. Biasanya aksi tersebut ada durasi waktu tertentu dan ada relevansinya
dengan kondisi sekarang.
 Simple Past Tense

Rumus Subject + Verb II (past form)

Kata Sinyal yesterday, 2 minutes ago, in 1996, last Thursday, this morning
Kalimat Positif Last year, he always worked until night.
Kalimat Negatif He did not go to school this morning.
Kalimat Tanya Did he pay the bill yesterday? Yes, he did. / No, he did not.
Simple past tense digunakan untuk mengungkapkan suatu kejadian yang terjadi di masa
lampau.

 Past Continuous Tense

Rumus Subject + WAS/WERE + Verb -ing (continuous form)

Kata Sinyal when, while, as long as, at this time yesterday
Kalimat Positif He was speaking when I entered in room.
Kalimat Negatif He was not doing his homework at this time yesterday.
Was he writing the letter to his parents when I was out last Tuesday?
Kalimat Tanya
Yes, he was. / No, he was not.
Past continuous tense digunakan untuk mengungkapkan bahwa suatu aksi sedang terjadi pada
waktu tertentu di masa lampau. Biasanya ada dua kejadian di masa lampau dan satu
kejadian menginterupsi kejadian yang lain. Kejadian yang sedang diinterupsi tersebut yang
menggunakan past continuous tense

Past Perfect Tense

Rumus Subject + HAD + Verb III (past participle form)

Kata Sinyal before yesterday, till three days ago, already, until that day
Kalimat Positif He had finished his designs before he went to work yesterday.
Kalimat Negatif He had not been a high school student until last year.
Had he entered the company before he achieved his master degree in 1990?
Kalimat Tanya
Yes, he had. / No, he had not.
Past perfect tense digunakan untuk menunjukkan sebuah kejadian yang terjadi sebelum
waktu tertentu di masa lampau dan lebih menekankan pada fakta daripada durasi.

Past Perfect Continuous Tense

Rumus Subject + HAD + BEEN + Verb -ing (continuous form)

Kata Sinyal for, since, the whole day, all day
Kalimat Positif He said that he had been working here for ten years.
Kalimat Negatif He was told that his teacher had been waiting for him since 2 p.m yesterday.
Had he been speaking for the whole class before I entered?
Kalimat Tanya
Yes, he had. / No, he had not.
Past perfect continuous tense hampir serupa dengan past perfect tense. Digunakan untuk
mengungkapkan suatu aksi yang terjadi di masa lalu dan telah selesai pada suatu titik
waktu tertentu di masa lalu, tapi tense ini menekankan pada durasi kejadiannya.
Simple Future Tense

Rumus Subject + “WILL/ BE GOING TO” + Verb (present form)

Kata Sinyal in a year, next …, tomorrow, next week, five days later
Kalimat Positif He is going to be journalist after he graduate next year.
Kalimat Negatif He will not play computer games anymore because he understand how harmful they are.
Will he go to the cinema tomorrow with us?
Kalimat Tanya
Yes, he will. / No, he will not.
Simple Future tense mengindikasikan suatu aksi di masa yang akan datang dan tidak dapat
dipengaruhi. Dapat juga digunakan untuk pembuatan keputusan di masa depan yang spontan
atau asumsi yang berhubungan dengan masa yang akan datang. “Will” dan “be going
to” merupakan 2 indikator umum pada tenses ini.

Future Continuous Tense

Rumus Subject + “WILL/BE GOING TO” + “BE” + Verb (continuous form)

Kata Sinyal tomorrow morning, in one year
Kalimat Positif He will be delivering the speech to undergraduates at 3 p.m tomorrow afternoon.
Kalimat Negatif He will not be doing the task in the office this afternoon because he is sick.
Will he be playing football next morning in the playground?
Kalimat Tanya Yes, he will./ No, he will not.

Future continuous tense menunjukkan aksi yang terjadi pada waktu tertentu di masa yang
akan datang dan aksi yang pasti akan terjadi dalam waktu dekat.

Future Perfect Tense

Rumus Subject + “WILL HAVE” + Verb III (past participle form)

Kata Sinyal by next Monday, in a week
Kalimat Positif He will have finished the task by next Monday.
Kalimat Negatif He will not have finished the given task by tomorrow evening.
Will he have finished the task in a week?
Kalimat Tanya Yes, he will./ No, he will not.

Future perfect tense menekankan pada aksi yang sudah berakhir pada waktu tertentu di
masa yang akan datang.

Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Hampir sama dengan semua jenis perfect continuous tense, future perfect continuous tense
merupakan serangkaian aksi yang terjadi sebelum waktu tertentu di masa yang akan
datang.

Rumus Subject + “WILL HAVE BEEN” + Verb-ing (continuous form)

Kata Sinyal for the last couple of hours, all day long
Kalimat Positif He will have been taking charge of the team for the next hour.
Kalimat Negatif He will not have been doing the task for the last couple of hours.
Kalimat Tanya Will he have been doing the research all day long? Yes, he will./ No, he will not.

Past Future Tense

Subject + WOULD + Verb (present form)

Rumus Subject + WAS/WERE + GOING TO + Verb (Present Form)

Kata Sinyal
Kalimat Positif He said that he would leave in three days.
Kalimat Negatif He did not promise that he would buy you a new computer.
Kalimat Tanya Did you tell him when I would arrive? Yes, I did. / No, I did not.
Past future tense pada dasarnya digunakan dalam kalimat yang tidak langsung, dimana
terdapat perubahan bentuk untuk menyesuaikan dengan rangkaian peristiwa yang ada.

Past Future Continuous Tense

Rumus Subject + “SHOULD/WOULD BE” + Verb-ing (continuous form)

Kata Sinyal
Kalimat Positif I made a promise that I would be doing my homework all day long tomorrow.
Kalimat Negatif I did not tell anyone that I would be giving a speech to undergraduates for the next whole morni
Kalimat Tanya Did you say that you would be working hard in the next week? Yes, I did / No, I did not.
Past future continuous tense menekankan pada serangkaian atau durasi sebuah aksi
terjadi. Sebagai tambahan, ini juga biasanya digunakan pada kalimat tidak langsung.

Past Future Perfect Tense

Rumus Subject + SHOULD/WOULD HAVE + Verb III (past participle form)

Kata Sinyal
Kalimat Positif He told the students that they should have finished the homework this morning.
Kalimat Negatif He said that he would not have made such a mistake if he had taken my advice.
Did you say that you would have been a doctor in three years?
Kalimat Tanya
Yes, I did / No, I did not.
Terdapat 3 waktu dalam past future perfect yang terjadi di masa lalu. Menunjuk pada waktu
yang akan datang, waktu tertentu di masa lalu, tetapi aksi yang terjadi harus sudah
selesai sebelum waktu yang akan datang. Dan biasanya digunakan pada kalimat tidak
langsung.

 Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Rumus Subject + WOULD HAVE BEEN + Verb -ing (continuous form)

Kata Sinyal
Kalimat Positif I heard that you should have been teaching here for ten years by this July.
Kalimat Negatif I did not know that he would have been working for the past three hours by that time.
Would he have been explaining to the workers if he had made the information clear?
Kalimat Tanya
Yes, he would / No, he would not.
Past future perfect continuous tense merupakan bentuk tense yang cukup sulit. Namun, kamu
dapat mempelajarinya dari past future perfect tense. Bedanya, past future perfect
tense menekankan pada durasi waktu yang sudah berlalu dan hasil.

Formula untuk membuat kalimat Simple

Present Tense
 

(+) S + V + -s/es

 
Contoh kalimat 
● I eat breakfast every morning (Aku selalu sarapan setiap pagi)
● Mirna and her friends go to the beach every weekend (Mirna dan teman-temannya pergi ke
pantai setiap akhir pekan)
● Ann always drinks tea with lunch (Ann selalu minum teh dengan makan siang)
● Paul washes his clothes once a week (Paul mencuci bajunya satu minggu sekali)
● My roommates are from Japan (Teman sekamarku berasal dari Jepang)
 

(-) S + Do/Does/to be + Not + V

 
Contoh kalimat
● I do not eat breakfast every morning (Aku tidak sarapan setiap pagi)
● Mirna and her friends do not go to the beach every weekend (Mirna dan teman-temannya nya
tidak pergi ke pantai setiap akhir pekan)
● Ann does not always drink tea with lunch (Ann tidak selalu minum teh dengan makan siang)
● Paul does not wash his clothes once a week (Paul tidak mencuci bajunya satu minggu sekali)
● My roommates are not from Japan (Teman sekamarku tidak berasal dari Jepang)
 

(?) Do/Does/To be + S + V ?

 
Contoh kalimat
● Do you eat breakfast every morning? (Apakah kamu selalu sarapan setiap pagi?)
● Do Mirna and her friends go to the beach every weekend? (Apakah Mirna dan teman-
temannya pergi ke pantai setiap akhir pekan)
● Does Ann always drink tea with lunch? (Apakah Ann selalu minum teh dengan makan siang?)
● Does Paul wash his clothes once a week? (Apakah Paul mencuci bajunya satu minggu
sekali?)
● Are your roommates from Japan? (Apakah teman sekamarmu berasal dari Jepang?)
Baca juga: Verb to be dalam bahasa Inggris
Nah, mudah kan cara membuat kalimat Simple Present Tense. Meskipun formula untuk
membuat kalimat Simple Present Tense sederhana, EFriends harus tetap berhati-hati dengan
penambahan -s atau -es di akhir verb yaa.
Berikut tabel penggunaan Simple Present Tense untuk memudahkan EFriends memahami
Simple Present Tense

Pernyataan Contoh

Fakta Umum (General fact) The sun rises in the east.

Kebiasaan/Kegiatan yang terjadi berulang- – My father eats oatmeal for

ulang. breakfast every morning.
Terdapat adverb of frequency seperti: always, – Lorenzo walks to school
often, seldom, never, sometimes, every ……, everyday.

Jadwal The train leaves at 07:05 every morning.

Perintah Clean your room now!

Instruksi Pour the flour into the bowl and mix it well.

Perasaan She feels so sad.

Pendapat I think it’s better if we take public transportation.

Exercise
Practice makes perfect. Agar kamu semakin lancar memahami Simple Present Tense, yuk
isi latihan soal Present Tense berikut

Formula untuk membuat kalimat Present

Continuous Tense
(+) S + be + Ving (present participle)

 
Contoh kalimat
● Shella is cooking spaghetti in the kitchen right now. (Shella sedang memasak spageti di dapur)
● I am doing my homework now. (Aku sedang mengerjakan tugas)
● Robin’s family is going to Bali next week. (Keluarga Robin akan pergi ke Bali minggu depan)

(-) S + be + not + Ving (present participle)

 
Contoh kalimat
● Shella is not cooking spaghetti in the kitchen right now. (Shella tidak sedang memasak spageti
di dapur)
● I am not doing my homework now. (Aku tidak sedang mengerjakan tugas)
● Robin’s family is not going to Bali next week. (Keluarga Robin tidak akan pergi ke Bali minggu
depan)

(?) Be + S + Ving (present participle)

 
Contoh kalimat
● Is Shella cooking spaghetti in the kitchen? (Apakah Shella sedang memasak spageti di
dapur?)
● Are you doing your homework? (Apakah kamu sedang mengerjakan tugasmu?)
● Is Robin’s family going to Bali next week? (Apakah keluarga Robin akan pergi ke Bali minggu
depan?)
Baca juga: Verb to be dalam bahasa Inggris
Exercise
Practice makes perfect. Agar kamu semakin lancar memahami Present Continuous Tense, yuk
isi latihan soal Present Continuous Tense berikut

Penggunaan present perfect tense

1. Kegiatan atau peristiwa yang sudah terjadi namun
memiliki efek atau akibat di waktu sekarang
(present)
Contoh kalimat

 Andy has gone to hospital.

 The weather has been warm since the beginning of April.

Terjemahan

 Andy sudah pergi ke rumah sakit.

 Cuacanya sedang hangat sejak awal April.

2. Kegiatan atau peristiwa yang belum selesai

dilakukan
Contoh kalimat

 I have lived in Jakarta for 3 years.

 Melinda has worked in Japanese company since 2017.

Terjemahan

 Aku sudah tinggal di Jakarta selama 3 tahun.

  Melinda sudah bekerja di perusahaan Jepang sejak tahun 2017.

3. Menyatakan pengalaman
Contoh kalimat

 Jonas has been to Bali 10 times.

 My roommate has traveled a lot.

Terjemahan

 Jonas sudah 10 kali pergi ke Bali.

 Teman sekamarku sudah sering berpergian.

Formula untuk membuat kalimat present

perfect tense
(+) S + have/has + verb3

Contoh kalimat

 Peter has eaten at that restaurant many times.

 My sister and I have already eaten breakfast.
 Bob has been in Yogyakarta since last Tuesday.

Terjemahan

 Peter sudah sering makan di restoran itu.

 Kakakku dan aku sudah makan sarapan.
 Bob sudah di Yogyakarta sejak Selasa kemarin.

(-) S + have/has + not + verb 3

 
Contoh kalimat

 Peter has not eaten at that restaurant many times.

 My sister and I have not already eaten breakfast.
 Bob has not been in Yogyakarta since last Tuesday.

Terjemahan

 Peter tidak sering makan di restoran itu.

 Kakakku dan aku belum makan sarapan.
 Bob tidak ada di Yogyakarta sejak Selasa kemarin.

(?) Have/has + s + verb 3

Contoh kalimat

 Has Peter eaten at that restaurant many times?

 Have you and your sister eaten breakfast?
 Has Bob been in Yogyakarta since last Tuesday?

Terjemahan

 Apakah Peter sering makan di restoran itu?

 Apakah kamu dan kakakmu sudah makan sarapan?
 Apakah Bob ada di Yogyakarta sejak Selasa kemarin?

EFriends harus tetap berhati-hati dengan bentuk ketiga dari kata kerja (verb) ya. Karena bentuk
lampau dari verb ada yang bisa ditambahkan -ed, ada juga yang berbentuk irregular (tidak bisa
ditambah -ed). Kamu bisa menemukan tabel contoh irregular verb di sini

Exercise
Practice makes perfect. Setelah membaca penjelasan tentang present perfect tense di atas, yuk
isi latihan soal berikut ini agar kamu dapat lebih memahami penggunaan present perfect tense.
1. Mr. Jackson is a teacher. He (teach) _______ biology for twenty years.
2. I (know) ______ Adam since I was a child.
3. My uncle (work) _______ at the automobile factory for seventeen years.
4. I came here only a couple of months ago. I (live, not)____ here for a long time.
5. A: How long (your roommate, be) _____ out of town? B: Since Friday.
Answer
1. has taught
2. have known
3. has worked
4. have not lived
5. has you roomate been

simple past tense

Jika simple present tense digunakan untuk menyatakan  fakta, kebiasaan atau kegiatan yang
terjadi berulang-ulang, jadwal, perintah, instruksi, perasaan, dan pendapat di masa sekarang
(present), simple past tense digunakan untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang telah terjadi/selesai di
masa lampau (past). Penanda waktu yang digunakan di simple past tense adalah yesterday,
last…..(last week, last month), dan ……ago (two minutes ago, three hours ago).
Formula untuk membuat kalimat Simple Past Tense adalah

(+) S + V2
Contoh kalimat

 I was in class yesterday.

 Alice was at the library two hours ago.
 My friends watched Titanic last night.
 My family ate lasagna for dinner last night.
Terjemahan

o Aku ada di kelas kemarin.
o Alice ada di perpustakaan dua jam lalu.
o Teman-temanku menonton Titanic semalam.
o Keluargaku makan lasagna untuk makan malam semalam.

(-) S + did + not + v1

S + was/were + not

Contoh kalimat

 I was not in class yesterday.

 Alice was not at the library two hours ago.
 My friends did not watch Titanic last night.
 My family did not eat lasagna for dinner last night.

Terjemahan

 Aku tidak ada di kelas kemarin.

 Alice tidak ada di perpustakaan dua jam lalu.
 Teman-temanku tidak menonton Titanic semalam.
 Keluargaku tidak makan lasagna untuk makan malam semalam.

(?) Did + s + v?
Was/were + s ?
W/h question + did + s?
W/h question + was/were?
Contoh kalimat

 Were you in class yesterday?

 Where were you yesterday?

 Was Alice was at the library two hours ago?

 Where was Alice?

 Did your friends watch Titanic last night?

 What did your friends do last night?

 Did your family eat lasagna for dinner last night?

 What did you family eat for dinner last night?

Terjemahan

 Apakah kamu ada di kelas kemarin?

 Ada di mana kamu kemarin?
 

 Apakah Alice ada di perpustakaan dua jam lalu?

 Ada di mana Alice?

 Apakah teman-temanmu menonton Titanic semalam?

 Apa yang teman-teman kamu lakukan semalam?

 Apakah keluargamu makan lasagna untuk makan malam semalam?

 Apa menu makan malam keluarga kamu semalam?

Nah, mudah kan cara membuat kalimat Simple Past Tense. Meskipun formula untuk membuat
kalimat Simple Past Tense sederhana, EFriends harus tetap berhati-hati dengan bentuk lampau
dari kata kerja (verb) ya. Karena bentuk lampau dari verb ada yang bisa ditambahkan -ed, ada
juga yang berbentuk irregular (tidak bisa ditambah -ed). Berikut tabel contoh irregular verb.

Verb Verb 2 Verb 3

Eat Ate Eaten
Drink Drank Drunk
See Saw Seen
Go Went Gone
Write Wrote Written
Sleep Slept Slept
Get Got Gotten
Come Came Came
Bring Brought Brought
Buy Bought Bought
Exercise
Practice makes perfect. Agar kamu semakin lancar memahami Simple Past Tense, yuk isi
latihan soal tenses bahasa Inggris berikut
1. It doesn’t rain right now. The rain (stop)___ a few minutes ago.
2. Tina and I (go, not)_____ shopping yesterday. We (go)_____ shopping last Monday.
3. My roommate (study)_____ Spanish last year.
4. Yesterday she (come)____ home at 5:15.
5. A: ___ Mr. Chan in his office yesterday? B: Yes.
6. Ann and I (go)____ to the bookstore yesterday. I (buy)____ some stationery and a T-shirt.
7. I (walk) _____ to school yesterday morning.
8. Ann (ask)___ Ryan a question a few minutes ago.
9. We (be) _____late for the movie last night.
10.Yesterday I (see)____ Bob at the library.
Answer

1. stopped
2. didn’t go. went
3. studied
4. came
5. was
6. went. bought
7. walked
 8. asked
9. were
10. saw

Past Continuous Tense

Formula untuk membuat kalimat Past Continuous Tense adalah

(+) S + was/were + ving

Contoh kalimat

 I was waiting for my package yesterday.

 Shella was studying in coffee shop.
 Bob and Jon were running in the hall last afternoon.

Terjemahan

 Aku sedang menunggu paketku kemarin.

 Shellas sedang belajar di tempat kopi.
 Bob dan Jon sedang berlari di aula kemarin sore.

(-) S + was/were + not + ving

 
Contoh kalimat

 I was not waiting for my package yesterday.

 Shella was not studying in coffee shop.
 Bob and Jon were not running in the hall last afternoon.

Terjemahan

 Aku tidak sedang menunggu paketku kemarin.

 Shella tidak sedang belajar di tempat kopi.
 Bob dan Jon tidak sedang berlari di aula kemarin sore.

(?) Was/were + s + ving?

W/h question + s + ving?
 
Contoh kalimat

 Were you waiting for your package yesterday?

 What were you doing yesterday?

 Was Shella studying in coffee shop?

  Where was Shella?

 Were Bob and Jon running in the hall?

 What were Bob and Jon doing last afternoon?

Exercise
Practice makes perfect. Agar kamu semakin lancar memahami Past Continuous Tense, yuk isi
latihan soal tenses bahasa Inggris berikut
1. A: I invited Ann and Rob to my birthday party, but they didn’t come. B: Why not? A: They (be)
____ out of town. They (travel)_____.
2. A: What was I talking about when I called you? B: You (describe) ______ the website you
found on the Internet yesterday.
3. A: What was the headmaster talking about? B: He (talk) _____ about our school next event.
4. Yesterday I (read) _____ and my sister (cook) _____.
5. Where (be) ____ you (do) _____ last night?
Answer
1. were. were traveling
2. were describing
3. was talking
4. was reading, was cooking
5. were , doing

past perfect tense

Baca Juga: Present Perfect Tense

Contoh kalimat

 When Ann arrived, Adam wasn’t there. He had left.

 I was not hungry at 1:00 P.M. I had already eaten.

Terjemahan

 Ketika Ann datang, Jack tidak ada di sana. Dia sudah pergi.
 Aku tidak lapar jam 1 siang. Aku sudah makan.

Formula untuk membuat kalimat past

perfect tense
 
 (+) S + had + verb 3

 
Contoh kalimat

 Ronny had promised to call his mother as soon as he came home.

 Jojo and Sandy had won the match.

Terjemahan

 Ronny berjanji pada ibunya dia akan menelponnya segera setelah ia pulang.
 Jojo dan Sandy memenangkan pertandingan.

(-) S + had + not + verb 3

 
Contoh kalimat

 Ronny had not promised to call his mother as soon as he came home.
 Jojo and Sandy had not won the match.

Terjemahan

 Ronny tidak berjanji pada ibunya dia akan menelponnya segera setelah ia pulang.
 Jojo dan Sandy tidak memenangkan pertandingan.

(?) Had + s + verb 3

 
Contoh kalimat

 Had Ronny promised to call his mother as soon as he came home?

 Had Jojo and Sandy won the match?

Terjemahan

 Apakah Ronny berjanji pada ibunya dia akan menelponnya segera setelah ia pulang?
 Apakah Jojo dan Sandy memenangkan pertandingan?

EFriends harus tetap berhati-hati dengan bentuk ketiga dari kata kerja (verb) ya. Karena bentuk
lampau dari verb ada yang bisa ditambahkan -ed, ada juga yang berbentuk irregular (tidak bisa
ditambah -ed). Kamu bisa menemukan tabel contoh irregular verb di sini

Exercise
Practice makes perfect. Setelah membaca penjelasan tentang past perfect tense di atas, yuk isi
latihan soal berikut ini agar kamu dapat lebih memahami penggunaan past perfect tense.
1. Before I went to bed, I checked the front door. My roommate (lock) _____ it.
2. Daniel (eat) _____ when Bob came.
3. The teacher looked for joe, but he (leave) ______ the school.
4. They (chat) _____ before they decided to meet.
5. Merry (learn) ____ French before she moved to Paris.
Answer
1. had locked
2. had eaten
3. had left
4. had chatted
5. had learnt