• Gambaran:
• Tubuh manusia menghilangkan limbah metabolisme melalui urin dan tinja.
• Fungsi normal bergantung pada faktor-faktor :
integritas anatomi
komponen neurologis yang utuh untuk pengosongan volunter dan
sinergi
pola produksi limbah yang dapat diprediksi
kemampuan fisik dan mental dan kemauan psiko-sosial untuk
melaksanakan tugas terkait toilet
KEY TERMS (URINE)
• Anuria
• Dysuria
• Enuresis
• Frequency
• Hesitancy
• Incontinence
• Nocturia
FACTORS INFLUENCING URINARY
ELIMINATION
• Developmental Considerations
• Food and Fluid
• Life Style
• Psychological Variables
• Activity and Muscle Tone
• Pathologic Conditions
• Medications
ASSESSMENT DATA
(URINARY ELIMINATION)
• Flatus
• Impaction (fecal)
• Incontinence (fecal)
• Occult blood
• Peristalsis
• Stool
Assessment of Bowel Function
• Function
• Innervation
• Peristalsis
• The normal urge
• Defecation
FACTORS INFLUENCE
BOWEL ELIMINATION
• Color
• Odor
• Consistency
• Frequency
• Amount
• Shape
• Constituents
SELECTED FECAL
ELIMINATIONPROBLEMS
•Constipation
•Diarrhea
•Bowel incontinence
•Flatulence
NANDA NURSING RELATED NURSING
DIAGNOSIS DIAGNOSIS
• Bowel Incontinence • Risk for Deficient Fluid Volume
• Constipation • Risk for Impaired Skin Integrity
• Low Self-esteem
• Risk for Constipation
• Disturbed Body Image
• Perceived Constipation
• Deficient Knowledge
• Diarrhea • Bowel Training
• Ostomy Management
• Anxiety
ALTERED AMOUNT
•Oliguria
•Diminished, scanty amount <30cc
• Anuria
• Absence of urine
• Polyuria
• >1500 cc/24 hours
•consider intake
• Enuresis
COMMON DISRUPTIONS IN
URINARY ELIMINATION
• Dysuria
• Painful urination: Frequency , Hesitancy ,Urgency
• Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) : Can occur anywhere in the urinary tract
Cystitis , Ureteritis , Pyleonephritis , More common in women than men
• Urinary retention: Inability to pass part of the urine in bladder Common in
older men with benign prostate Hyperplasia
• Urinary obstruction Urolithiasis- Stones calculi block or partially block kidney,
Ureters, or bladder- Obstruction from strictures, tumors, edema
• Urinary Incontinence: Failure of major smooth muscle strength of Detrusor
muscle of the bladder, instability or obstruction.