Penggunaan Tenses

By Mr Aroel

1. Present Tense

1. Menyatakan kebiasaan yang dilakukan berulang-ulang

Ex: Ali always goes to school every day

2. Menyatakan kebenaran umum

Ex: the earth is round or the sun rises in the east and set up in the west

3. Mengutip suatu berita, pengumuman, buku, dsb

Ex: in her letter says : my brother studies every day
Cat: biasanya memakai verb: say, advise, warm

4. Digunakan untuk headline Koran, majalah, dsb

Ex: soeharto visits tommy

5. Perbuatan yang direncanakan akan segera dilakukan di waktu dekat

Ex: the train leaves by the at 09.00 train this afternoon

6. Perbuatan atau peristiwa yang terenca atau terjadwal akan segera dilakukan dan
terkait dengan aktivitas wisata
Ex: the bus leaves Surabaya at 09.00 PM tomorrow and arrives in jogja at 04.00 AM

7. Untuk narasi drama, untuk menggambarkan jalannya urutan cerita dan juga
digunakan untuk komentar acara radio, tv, peristiwa olahraga.
Ex: kurniawan takes ball from aroel. He brings the ball to the middle and gives it to
ronaldo who is standing free not so far from the penalty area

8. persoalan yang dilakukan, ada atau terjadi saat ini

Ex: Indonesia has more than 27 provinces
I like to watch the Italian soccer game in rcti on Sunday night

9. Situasi atau keadaan yang kita lihat dan ketahui saat ini
Ex: today gasoline is very expensive

10. Keberadaan sesuatu yang kita lihat dan ketahui saat ini
Ex: basakih is the biggest tample in bali
Job opportunity are limited in our country

11. Menyuruh atau melarang suatu pekerjaan

Ex: turn off the tv
Don't pick her up after night

12. Memberi saran atau nasehat

Ex: why don't you meet him and tell the truth?
Is it better if you keep your promise
13. Dapat digunakan pengganti present continous jika verb yang digunakan tidak
dapat di –ING ex: agree, believe, consider, except, like, know, wish,
Ex: I love you
Udin likes radio

14. Untuk menyatakan peristiwa saat ini

Ex: mary sings beautiful
The dog bark loudly

Time duration
Adverb of time : every day, on Sunday, from time to time, three times per day, once a
week

Adverb of frequency: always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never, generally,

rarely, now and then

Add:
* verb yang akhiran SS, SH, CH dan O ditambah ES
ex: kisses, washes, watches, goes
* verb yang akhiran Y before konsonan (HM) diubah menjadi I dan ditambah ES
Ex: carries, cries, hurries.
* verb yang akhiran Y before vocal (HH) langsung ditambah S
Ex: plays, says.

2. Present Continous Tense

1. Menyatakan perbuatan atau peristiwa yang terjadi saat ini dan masih berlangsung
saat berbicara
Ex: she is watching TV now

2. Hal atau peristiwa yang sedang dalam proses atau kerangka dikerjakan
Ex: we are taking course in Egypt
Ani writing a novel this year

3. Mengungkapkan rencana yang sudah pasti akan dilakukan di waktu dekat.

Ex: we are visiting him tonight

4. Perbuatan yang berulang-ulang atau sepertinya terus menerus dan mengungkapkan

kejengkelan, kemalasan, keluhan. (biasa memakai adverb f frequency: always,
continually, constantly, forever)
Ex: rina is alaways coming late
My grandfather always leaving their dirty plates after eating.

5. Kebiasaan yang bersifat sementara

Ex: I am living in makassar at the moment
We are staying at hotel

6. Situasi yang berubah-ubah

Ex: the population of the world is rising very fast
Is his health getting better
Time Duration
At present : saat ini
At the moment : untuk sementara waktu
Righ now : sekarang ini
This week, now
For the time being : untuk sementara waktu ini

Verb non progressive

* verb yang menunjukkan keadaan mental (mental state)
Ex: know, realize, understand, believe, prefer, recognize, mean, want, need, forget,
remember
* emotional state (keadaan emosi)
Ex: love, like, hate, dislike, appreciate, envy, mind, care
* possession (kepemilikan)
Ex: have, belong, posses, own
* verb yang menunjukkan aktivitas panca indera ( sense of human)
Ex: hear, smell, taste, see

3. Past Tense
1. aktifitas atau perbuatan yang terjadi di waktu lampau di sebut waktunya
Ex: she went to makassar last week

2. peristiwa yang terjadi di waktu lampau yang diketahui dan dinyatakan melalui
pertanyaan
Ex: when did they visit you?
Whwn did you buy this camera?

3. perbuatan di masa lampau yang sudah jelas terjadi tetapi tidak disebutkan secara
pasti waktu kejadiannya
Ex: I bough new car in Jakarta

4. kebiasaan di waktu lampau

Ex: they always carried umbrella
They never drank wine
I would smoke a pack of cigarette
I was used to smoking whwn he was young

5. peristiwa di waktu lampau (tdk disebutkan secara jelas waktunya)tetapi waktunya

berselang beberapa lama dari waktu diucapkannya
Ex: angga lived in bandung for a long time. But he is not living there now
Ahmad worked for that company for ten years. But he doesn't work there anymore
now.

Time Duration
2 days ago, yesterday, in 1999, last year, an hour ago.

4. Past continous Tense

1. perbuatan yang sedang berlangsung selama beberapa waktu secara tidak diketahui
kapan akhirnya.
Ex: they were discussing something for hours(berjam-jam)

2. aktivitas lampau dengan tanda waktu berupa 2 buah keterangan waktu

Ex: ani was washing car at 07.00this morning / on july last year

3. suatu hal yang mengandung makna yang berangsur-angsur

Ex: the wind was blowing hard
The weather was getting cold when it was darker

4. peristiwa di masa lampau dengan waktu tertentu

Ex: I was watching tv all day yesterday.

5. peristiwa yg terjadi berurutan di masa lampau (kejadian kedua terjadi dimana

kejadian pertama masih terjadi)
Ex: I was studying when someone knocked the door

6. aktifitas atau perbuatan dilakukan bersamaan dgn aktifitas lain

Ex: I was reading book while my mother was cooking rice

Time Duration
* Adanya tanda waktu yang jelas
Ex: - at 07.00 last nigh, - on july 1999, - from 06.00-09.00

* Biasa dengan conjunction

Ex: when, while, as, and

5. Present Perfect Tense

1. kejadian di waktu lampau dan masih ada hubungannya dengan waktu kini
Ex: ahmad has taken my pen

2. peristiwa yang baru saja terjadi

Ex: she has just finished her homework

3. peristiwa yang pernah dilakukan dan masih akan dilakukan

4. kejadian di masa lampau dan terus berlangsung hingga sekarang ini

Ex: ani has loved me for all my life
Ahmad has lived in makassar since 1999

5. peristiwa yang diawali waktu lampau dan berhenti pd saat bicara

Ex: I haven't seen you for weeks. Where have you been?

6. pengalaman yang pernah terjadi atau dilakukan

Ex: I have once live in London
He has never met ahamad before

7. perbuatan yang berulang-ulang sejak dulu (repetition of an activity)

Ex: they have explained the case three times

Time Expression
* just, already, not yet, never, recently(baru2 ini), lately(akhir2 ini)
* So far, until now, up to now, up to the present (sampai saat ini)
* all my life, ever, ever since( sejak saat itu), all day, still, almost.
* time duration lamanya waktu melakukan pekerjaan
Since yang diikuti:
- part of time : since last year, since 3 days ago, since 2000
- kalimat since I left the school
for yang diikuti
- period of time : for three days, for 3 week
* sering juga keterangan waktu : this week, this morning

6. Present Perfect Tense (s + have,has +3c)

1. keadaan atau aktifitas yang sudah terjadi beberapa waktu lalu hingga saat ini masih
berlangsung
Ex: I have been living here for 3 month
It has been raining since this morning

2. perbuatan atau aktifitas diawali di masa lampau dan baru saja selesai saat bicara
Oh, here is my key. I have been loking for it all day
The boy have been waiting here since 09.00 for you

3. perbuatan atau peristiwa yang diulang-ulang dalam present perfect tense ( degn
time phrase)
Ex: I have been writing a letter since breakfast

Time Duration
* since (since last year, since two week ago, since last year)
* for / during : for two days, during 5 year, for than more a year

7. Past Perfetct Tense ( s + had + 3c)

1. perbuatan yg dimulai/terjadi di waktu lamapau dan terus berlangsung ataupun

selesaidi waktu lampau
Ex: Ani had lived in that home since aroel bought it ten year ago.
My father had been a teacher for 15 year in 1995

2. menggantikan simple past apabila mengacu pd peristiwa/perbuatan di masa lampau

yg terjadi dalam waktu tertentu.
Ex: bill was in hospital. He had broken his leg in an accident

3. suatu aktifitas yang dilakukan sebelum aktifitas lain di waktu lampau

Ex: ani had worked as adoktor before got married with ahmad
After ahmad had graduated from smu, he continued his study in university
Before police came, the thief had escaped

Time Duration
* after, as soon as, until/till, before, when

8. Past Perfect Continous Tense (s + had + been + 3c

1. meyatakan suatu peristiwa yang telah berlangsung selama beberapa saat ketika
terjadi peristiwa/perbuatan di masa lampau.
Ex: we had been studying English (HM) when they came
I had been sleeping for two hour when I visited her yesterday

2. memberikan tekanan pada lamanya waktu yang dihabiskan untuk menyelesaikan

sesuatu di masa lampau, sebelum aktifitas lain dilakukan.
Ex: I had been going with ahmad for two year before basri left us.

3. menggantikan past perfect tense untuk suatu peristiwa yang berulang-ulang.

Ex: ani had been looking for her missing radio.

Time Expression
For … before, before  + clause
Until, whwn  + clause

9. Future Tense
1. perbuatan yang akan terjadi di waktu tertentu di masa akan dating
Ex: I will marry you next year

2. digunakan untuk conditional sentence(kalimat bersyarat)jenis satu induk

kalimat(main clause)
Ex: if you go out, I shall/will go out
He will help you if you ask him politely

3. suatu kebiasaan yang akan dilakukan

Ex: the bird will come back next spring

4. peristiwa yang diharapkan, diduga, dikhawatirkan pembicara akan terjadi. Dan

seringkali memakai kata2: sure, afraid, worry, believe, hope, except, fear, suppose,
perphas, probably, possibly
Ex: I am sure that Angga will be loyal to me
She hopes that they will finish their work tomorrow

5. sebagai induk kalimat suatu ' time clause' yang menunjukan hubungan waktu,
biasanya time expression: whwn, as soon as, after, before,
Ex: aqil will buy some candies as soon as he gets some money from mother
After the class end, ani will play basket ball

6. untuk menyatakan permintaan

Ex: shall I close the door
Will you help me

7. menyatakan pengumuman resmi tentang peristiwa yang akan terjadi dan juga untuk
ramalan cuaca dalam siaran radio, tv, atau Koran
Ex: suharto will open the turnamen of football tomorrow
On the radio fog will soon clear in all area

8. 'unpremiditates intentions' maksud dan keinginan yang akan dilakukan bukan

karena rencana sebelum tetapi karena kehendak semata
Ex: my balon hurts. All righ I will buy you another one

9. kelanjutan rencana yang telah ditetapkan semula (gunakan be going to)

Ex: my car is broken, can you help me. Ok I will repair it tomorrow.
What will you do tomorrow? I am going to repair my room mates radio

Time expression
* semua ket waktu yang menunjukkan yang akan datang
Bila ordinary s + to be + going to + be
nB: untuk peristiwa yang sudah dekat benar (lebih dekat dari going to) biasa
dinyatakan dgn: s + to be + about/on the project (verge)of
ex: I am about to go to out for shopping
the tree is on the point of falling down

10. Future Continous Tense

1. perbuatan yang sedang berlangsung di waktu tertentu di masa akan datang
Ex: what will you be doing tomorrow morning
I will be getting married on july 2009

2. peristiwa yang sedang terjadi ketika peristiwa lain terjadi di waktu yang akan
datang
Ex: he will be watching tv when you visit him

3. perbuatan yang akan dilaksanakan tapi bukan merupakan hal yang direncanakan
Ex: she will be helping anna tomorrow

4. digunakan pada kalimat tanya menggantikan present future agar pertanyaan tsb
lebih halus dan lebih sopan
Ex: what will you be doing tomorrow morning

5. sesuatu hal yang akan segera berlangsung/terjadi

Ex: when he gets back. He will be getting married soon

Time Expression
 at 07.00 tonight
 at this time next week
 all morning next Sunday
 by this time next week

11. Future Perfect Tense

1. suatu kegiatan yang diperkirakan sudah selesai dilakukan sebelum/hingga batas
waktu tertentu di masa yang akan datang
Ex: before at 09.00 tonight, I will have completed this

2. aktifitas di masa yang akan datang yang diperkirakan sudah selesai dilakukan
sebelum aktifitas lain dilakukan (sesudahnya digunakan simple present)
Ex: our house will renovated when our first son is born
They will have came here before we have lunch

3. suatu hal diperkirakan akan benar-benar terjadi di masa yang akan datang
Ex: The company will have lost many product if most of the worker don't wont to
work
If the rain doesn't stop till tomorrow, we are sure that the water will have swept
everything around us

4. peristiwa yang sudah berlangsung di masa sebelumnya dan akan telah selesai di
waktu akan datang
Ex: he will have finished reading the novel by the end of this month

Time Expression
 in the two year's time
 by the end of , by, by the next agustus

12. Present Future Perfect Continous Tense

1. aktifitas/hal yang diperkirakan sudah dilakukan dan akan terus dilakukan dalam
jangka waktu tertentu di masa akan datang.
Ex: I will have been studying English for about two month by the end of this month

2. sama di atas, tapi sebelum aktifitas lain terjadi/dilakukan di masa akan datang
Ex: i will have been studying for two month before I go to cairo

3. aktifitas yang telah dilakukan secara berulang-ulang

Ex: by the end of this month brasil will have been playing in the world cup final
games six times

Time Expression
Biasanya hadir untuk menunjukkan:
 Jangka waktu : for two week, on july 2, 1999
 Batasan waktu : by the end of this year, by this time next week, for two year
by the next month, for…by..

13. Past Future

1. Rencana yang akan dilakukan di waktu lalu tapi batal karena sebab tertentu
Ex: aroel would give ani card last month unfortunately he left in makassar

2. bermakna seharusnya untuk menyatakan rencana yang gagal

Ex: she should be a nourse but she didn't have money

3. bermakna akan dalam direct – indirect

Ex: I would take my pen

4. bermakna akan dalam 'conditional sentense'

14. Past Future Continous Tense

1. aktifitas yang seharusnya tengah berlangsung pada saat tertentu di waktu lampau
Ex: yunus would be going abroad in june last year but his mother didn't permit
Time Expression
Sama dengan past continous
15. Past Future Perfect Tense
1. prediksi bahwa suatu hal/aktifitas sudah selesai dilakukan sebelum batas waktu
tertentu di masa lalu
Ex: anna would have finished he study before the end of September last year but she
took one semester vacation

2. suatu hal yang seharusnya sudah terjadi sebelum/ketika aktifitas lain terjadi di masa
lampau
Ex: my sister would have born her firs son by the time I entered in smu two years ago

Time Expression
Sama dengan past perfect
Before 9.00 last night, before 1999

16. Past Future Perfect Continous

Hal/aktifitas yang seharusnya berlangsung dalam jangka waktu tertentu di masa lalu.
Ex: andi always come late, our teacher would have been being teraching for an hour
when he came yesterday like usual. Unfortunately she had finished before andi came

Time Signalnya
Sama dengan past perfect continous

Disadur dari beberapa buku.