GENERAL ENGLISH

Pertemuan Ke 10 – 28 Januari 2023

Past Perfect Tense

Dosen :
Putri Astiti, M.I.Kom.
 Past Perfect Tense

Pengertian Past Perfect Tense

Past perfect tense adalah tense yang menunjukkan suatu kejadian atau aksi yang
sudah selesai pada waktu tertentu di masa lampau. Hal yang ditekankan dalam
tense ini bukanlah tentang waktu, tetapi lebih ke aksi atau kegiatan yang sudah
selesai atau terjadi.
Hanya saja, aksi yang sudah terjadi tersebut memang telah berlalu karena terjadi di
masa lampau. Jadi, bisa disimpulkan bahwa tense ini digunakan untuk
menggambarkan sesuatu yang sudah selesai di masa lalu. Serta tidak ada
hubungannya dengan masa sekarang.

Fungsi Past Perfect Tense

Past Perfect Tense pada umumnya digunakan untuk memperjelas suatu event/aksi
sudah terjadi dan selesai sebelum muncul kejadian lain di masa lalu. Namun, tidak
ada penekanan kejadian mana yang muncul lebih dulu.
Biasanya kalimat Past Perfect Tense diikuti oleh Simple Past Tense dan
dihubungkan dengan konjungsi seperti: when, before, after, because, etc.

Rumus Past Perfect Tense Positive

S + had + Verb 3/past participle + object

Beberapa hal penting yang perlu diingat dari past perfect tense, antara lain:
1. Berbeda dengan present perfect tense yang menggunakan dua auxiliary verb
untuk dua jenis subject, untuk tense ini, auxiliary “had” dapat digunakan pada
singular maupun plural subject.
2. Jadi, aux “had” berlaku untuk subject I, You dan plural subject lainnya, seperti
plural pronoun (they, we), plural noun (boys, men), dan compound subject
dengan kata hubung “and” (you and I, Masha and David).
3. Verb yang digunakan dalam past perfect tense adalah kata kerja bentuk ke tiga,
atau sering disebut dengan past participle.
Contoh :
- I had played PS3 for two years before my mother bought me a PC gaming.
- She had read all series of Harry Potter novel when she was young.

Rumus Past Perfect Tense Negative

S + had + not + Verb 3/past participle + object

Contoh :
- We had not owned a motorbike until grandpa bought us one.
- He hadn’t leaved Jakarta when I became a popular actress.

Rumus Past Perfect Tense Interrogative

Had + S + Verb 3/past participle + object ?

Contoh :
- Had you returned to Manado after graduated ?
- Had she studied arts after moved to Monarch University ?

Fungsi dan Penggunaan Past Perfect Tense

Past perfect tense memiliki berbagai fungsi yang bisa kita gunakan untuk melakukan
percakapan dengan orang lain dalam berbagai situasi, diantaranya :
1. Menyatakan suatu tindakan atau aksi yang sudah selesai
Past perfect tense pada umumnya digunakan untuk memperjelas suatu
event/aksi sudah terjadi dan selesai sebelum muncul kejadian lain di masa lalu.
Namun, tidak ada penekanan kejadian mana yang muncul lebih dulu.
Pada fungsi ini, ada beberapa adverb of time yang dapat digunakan, seperti :
- After (simple past tense + after + past perfect tense)
- Before, by the time, when (past perfect tense + before/ by the time/ when +
simple past tense).
Contoh :
- She had left the scene when the ambulance arrived.
- They had played football in that field before it started to rain.
 - The plane had left by the time I got to the airport.
- I helped him to do the task after I had finished my work.

2. Menunjukkan seberapa seringnya suatu aksi terjadi

Past perfect tense dapat digunakan untuk menunjukkan intensitas sebuah
momen yang terjadi di masa lampau. Pada fungsi ini ada beberapa adverb of
time yang dapat digunakan, seperti twice, two times, three times, everyday,
every two days dll. Susunannya kalimatnya biasanya past perfect tense +
adverb of time + before + simple past tense.
Contoh :
- I had read the book two times before I watched the movie.
- She had learned twice before the test.

3. Membuat reported speech dan reported text

Reported speech adalah kalimat yang digunakan untuk menyatakan sebuah
berita secara lisan maupun tulisan yang belum pernah kita dengar sebelumnya,
dengan catatan berita ini disampaikan kepada kita oleh orang lain.
Adapun verb yang bisa digunakan adalah said, told, asked, wondered, thought.
Contoh :
- The boss had said it would be a long meeting.
- My friend told that her mom had changed to be a better woman.

4. Menunjukkan bahwa suatu tindakan terjadi sebelum waktu tertentu di masa lalu
Menyatakan suatu kejadian yang terjadi di masa lampau sebelum waktu tertentu
(spesifik).
Contoh :
- Rina had established her company before 2018.
- I had fallen asleep before eight o’clock.

5. Menunjukkan ketidakpuasan terhadap masa lalu

Past perfect tense juga bisa digunakan dengan kata “just”. Jika just digabungkan
dengan rumus dari past perfect tense, maka akan menegaskan bahwa ada
suatu kejadian di masa lampau yang terjadi beberapa saat sebelumnya.
Contoh :
 - He had just put the dog on the leash when we got there.
- The bus had just left when we got to the shop.

Study this example situation :

Sarah and Paul went to the same party last week, but they didn’t see each other.
Paul left the party at 10.30 and Sarah arrived at 11 o’clock. So when Sarah arrived at
the party, Paul wasn’t there. He had gone home.
Sometime we talk about something that happened in the past :
Sarah arrived at the party.
This is the starting point of the story. Then, if we want to talk about things that
happened before this time, we use the past perfect :
When Sarah arrived at the party, Paul had already gone home.

Compare present perfect and past perfect.

Present perfect Past perfect

Have seen Had seen

past now past now

- Who is that woman ? I have seen her
before, but I can’t remember where.
- We aren’t hungry. We’ve just had
lunch.
- The house is dirty. They haven’t
cleaned it for weeks.
- I wasn’t sure who she was. I had
seen her before, but I couldn’t
remember where.
- We weren’t hungry. We’d just had
lunch.
- The house was dirty. They hadn’t
clened it for weeks.

Some more examples:

- When we got home last night, we found that somebody had broken into the flat.
- Karen didn’t come to the cinema with us. She’d already seen the movie.
- At first I thought I’d done the right thing, but I soon realised that I’d made a big
mistake.
- The people sitting next to me on the plane were nervous. They hadn’t flown
before. or They’d never flown before.
Exercises
Read the situations and write sentences using the words in brackets.
1. There was a picture lying on the floor.
(It / fall / off the wall) .............................................................................
2. The people sitting next to you on the plane were nervous. It was their first flight.
(They / not / fly / before) ........................................................................
3. You went back to your home town recently after many years. It wasn’t the same
as before.
(It / change / a lot) It ...............................................................................
4. Somebody sang a song. You didn’t know it.
(I / not / hear / it / before) I ......................................................................
5. I invited Rachel to the party, but she couldn’t come.
(She / arrange / to do somethings else) .................................................
6. You went to the cinema last night. You got to the cinema late.
(The film / already / start) .......................................................................

Put the verb into the correct form

1. Paul wasn’t at the party when I arrived. ................... (he / go) home.
2. The house was very quite when I got home. Everybody ..................... (go) to
bed.
3. Mark travels a lot. When I first met him, .................... (he / already / travel) round
the world.