Past Perfect Tense

Soal Past Perfect Tense

Pengertian Past Perfect Tense

Past perfect tense adalah suatu bentuk kata kerja yang digunakan untuk menyatakan
bahwa suatu aksi telah selesai pada suatu titik di masa lalu sebelum aksi lainnya
terjadi.
Aksi yang telah selesai di masa lampau itu dapat terjadi berulang kali
maupun hanya sekali. Selain itu, tense ini juga dapat digunakan untuk
membentuk conditional sentence tipe 3 dan reported speech.
Lihat juga:

 Past Perfect Tense vs. Past Perfect Continuous Tense

 Simple Past vs. Past Perfect Tense
 Past Perfect Continuous Tense
 Present Perfect Tense
 Future Perfect Tense

Rumus Past Perfect Tense

Past perfect tense dibentuk dengan auxiliary verb “had”, dan past participle (verb-
3). Had digunakan baik untuk singular maupun plural subject. Sedangkan past
participle dibentuk dengan menambahkan -ed, -en, -d, -t, -n, atau -ne pada base
form berupa regular verb. Pada base form berupa irregular verb, bentuk past
participle tidak konsisten.
Lihat:

 Daftar Irregular Verb

rumus past perfect tense
Berikut rumus past perfect tense untuk kalimat positif, negatif, dan interogatif.
Rumus Past Perfect Tense Contoh Past Perfect Tense

kalimat positif (+): My brother had slept

S + had + past participle (V-3)

They had come

kalimat negatif (-): My brother hadn’t slept

S + had + not + past participle (V-3)

They hadn’t come

kalimat interogatif (?): Had my brother slept

had + S + past participle (V-3)

Had they come

Fungsi dan Contoh Kalimat Past Perfect Tense

No Fungsi dan Contoh Kalimat Past Perfect Tense

1 Past perfect tense untuk mengekspresikan aksi di masa lampau yang telah selesai terjadi
sebelum past event lainnya. Subordinate conjunction yang dapat digunakan antara lain:
  after (simple past tense + after + past perfect tense)
 before, by the time, when (past perfect tense + before / by the time / when + simple
past tense)
Selain subordinate conjunction, dapat juga digunakan preposition prior
to dan before (sebelum) yang merupakan sinonim.

When he came last night, the cake had run out.

(Ketika dia datang semalam, kue sudah habis.)

The student had gotten a verbal warning before his parents were called.

(Siswa tersebut telah mendapat peringatan verbal sebelum orangtuanya ditelepon.)

I had already eaten breakfast by the time he picked me up.

(Saya telah sarapan ketika dia menjemput.)

Prior to the proclamation, Indonesia had been colonized by Japan for 3 years.

(Sebelum proklamasi, Indonesia telah dijajah Jepang selama 3 tahun.)

Past perfect tense untuk menunjukkan seberapa sering sesuatu terjadi di masa lampau. Time
expression (keterangan waktu) yang sering digunakan yaitu frasa adverbial of number. Berikut
beberapa contohnya.
 twice / two times / three times + before + simple past tense / participle (phrase):
twice before getting married (dua kali sebelum menikah), two times before they got married
(dua kali sebelum mereka menikah), three times before I read his review (tiga kali sebelum
saya membaca tinjauannya)
 every day / every two days / every other day until 2012 (setiap hari / setiap dua hari
sampai tahun 2012)
 every summer until 2000 (setiap musim panas hingga tahun 2000)

I had read the book three times before I read his review.

(Saya telah membaca buku itu tiga kali sebelum saya membaca ulasannya.)

They had met twice before married.

(Mereka bertemu dua kali sebelum menikah.)

Yulia had been to the gym every two days until 2012.

2 (Yulia telah pergi ke gym setiap dua hari sampai tahun 2012.)

3 Past perfect tense digunakan pada reported speech setelah verb

 said
 told
 asked
 thought
 wondered

He said that he had listened carefully the instruction.

(Dia mengatakan bahwa dia telah mendengarkan instruksi dengan penuh perhatian.)

I thought he had changed to be better man.

 (Saya pikir dia telah berubah menjadi pria yang lebih baik.)

Past perfect tense untuk mengekspresikan harapan atau impian yang tidak kesampaian
melalui conditional sentence tipe 3.

Rumus conditional sentence tipe 3:

if + past perfect tense + would/should/could/might + have + past participle

If you had remembered to invite me, I would have attended your party.

(Jika kamu ingat mengundang saya, saya akan hadir di pestamu.)

Rina would been the same level with me if she had studied harder.

4 (Rina akan berasa pada level yang sama dengan saya jika dia belajar lebih keras.)
Sc: wordsmile

PAST PERFECT TENSE

FUNCTIONS OF THE PAST PERFECT
The past perfect refers to a time earlier than before now. It is used to make it clear that one
event happened before another in the past. It does not matter which event is mentioned
first - the tense makes it clear which one happened first.

In these examples, Event A is the event that happened first and Event B is the second or
more recent event:

Event A Event B

John had gone out when I arrived in the office.

Event A Event B
 I had saved my document before the computer crashed.

Event B Event A

When they arrived we had already started cooking.

Event B Event A

He was very tired because he hadn't slept well.

FORMING THE PAST PERFECT

The Past Perfect tense in English is composed of two parts: the past tense of the verb to
have (had) + the past participle of the main verb.

Subject had past participle

Affirmative

She had given

Negative

She hadn't asked.

Interrogative

Had they arrived?

Interrogative Negative
 Subject had past participle

Hadn't you finished?

TO DECIDE, PAST PERFECT

Affirmative Negative Interrogative

I had decided I hadn't decided Had I decided

You had decided You hadn't decided Had you deci

She had decided She hadn't decided Had she deci

We had decided We hadn't decided Had we decid

They had decided They hadn't decided Had they dec

PAST PERFECT + JUST

'Just' is used with the past perfect to refer to an event that was only a short time earlier than
before now, e.g.

 The train had just left when I arrived at the station.

 She had just left the room when the police arrived.
 I had just put the washing out when it started to rain.

 IMPORTANT Specific Times with the Past Perfect

Example:

-She had visited her Japanese relatives once in 1993 before she

moved in with them in 1996.

 MOREOVER

Examples:

-She had visited her Japanese relatives once in 1993 before she

moved in with them in 1996.
-She visited her Japanese relatives once in 1993 before she moved in
with them in 1996.

 HOWEVER

Examples:

-She never saw a bear before she moved to Alaska. Not Correct

-She had never seen a bear before she moved to Alaska. Correct

 ADVERB PLACEMENT

The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as:
always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc.

Examples:

-You had previously studied English before you moved to New York.

-Had you previously studied English before you moved to New York?

 ACTIVE / PASSIVE

Examples:

-George had repaired many cars before he received his mechanic's

license. Active
-Many cars had been repaired by George before he received his
mechanic's license.