TENSES

Pengertian Simple Past Tense

Simple past tense adalah suatu bentuk kata kerja sederhana untuk menunjukkan
bahwa suatu kejadian terjadi di masa lampau. Pada simple past tense, waktu
kejadian (yesterday, last two days, last year) atau periode waktunya (for two months, for
a day, for an hour) dapat disebutkan secara spesifik.
Simple past tense juga dapat digunakan untuk membentuk conditional sentence tipe
2.
Lihat juga:

Used to, Would, Past Simple

Simple Present Tense

Simple Future Tense

Past Perfect Tense

Rumus Simple Past Tense

Simple past tense dibentuk dari verb-2 (past tense) atau linking verb be (was,
were). Apa itu verb-2? Verb-2 merupakan bare infinitive (bentuk dasar verb)
dengan tambahan -ed, -en, -d, -t, -n, atau -ne untuk regular verb atau bentuk yang
tidak konsisten pada irregular verb. [Baca juga: Regular dan Irregular Verb]
Was yang merupakan singular verb digunakan pada singular
subject (seperti: I, she, he, it, Andi, dan the cat) kecuali you,
sebaliknya were yang merupakan plural verb digunakan padaplural
subject (seperti: you, they, we, Andi and Susi, dan the cats). [Baca
juga: Subject-Verb Agreement]
Berikut rumus simple past tense untuk kalimat positif, negatif, dan interogatif.
Jenis Kalimat

Rumus

Contoh Simple Past Tense

The teacher came

positif (+)
negatif (-)

S + Verb-2 (past tense)

S + be(was/were)

I was a stamp collector

S + did + not + bare infinitive

The teacher didnt come

S + be(was/were) + not

I wasnt a stamp collector

Did the teacher come

interogatif (?)

Did + S + bare infinitive

be(was/were) + S

Was I a stamp collector

Beberapa Fungsi dan Contoh Kalimat Simple Past Tense

Fungsi

Contoh kalimat Simple Past Tense

Vina and I went to the Ragunan zoo three months ago.
(Saya dan Vina pergi Ragunan tiga bulan lalu.)
Did he come on time yesterday?
(Apakah dia datang tepat waktu kemarin?)

Simple past
tense untuk
membicarakan aksi yang
terjadi dengan durasi
waktu tertentu di masa
lampau. Preposition for
dapat digunakan untuk
menyatakan periode
waktu kejadian.
Simple past
tense untuk
membicarakan kebiasaan
pada masa
lampau. Subordinate
conjunction when biasa
nya digunakan pada
situasi ini.

The party started at 10.00 a.m.

(Pesta mulai jam sepuluh pagi.)
Did you sleep enough last night?
(Apa kamu cukup tidur semalam?)
I studied civil engineering for almost 4 years.
(Saya belajar teknik sipil selama hampir 4 tahun.)
I often did exercises in the gym when I lived in
Bandung.
(Saya sering berlatih di gym ketika tinggal di Bandung.)
When I was a senior high school student, I always got
upat 4 am to study.
(Ketika saya sma, saya selalu bangun jam 4 pagi untuk
belajar.)

Untuk menunjukkan
bahwa ada aksi berdurasi
pendek (simple past
tense) yang terjadi ketika
suatu aksi berdurasi
panjang (past
continuous tense)
sedang berlangsung.

I was reading a journal in the library when

someoneburped out loud.
(Saya sedang membaca jurnal di perpustakaan ketika
seseorang bersendawa keras.)

Untuk menunjukkan
bahwa suatu aksi (simple

I had already finished my breakfast when

he picked meup.

past tense) langsung

mengikuti aksi yang telah
selesai (past perfect
tense).

(Saya telah selesai sarapan ketika dia menjemput.)

If she studied hard, she would be pass.
(Jika dia belajar keras, dia akan lulus.)

Simple past
tense digunakan
padaconditional
sentence type 2.

I would buy a sport car if I had much money.

(Saya akan membeli mobil sport jika punya uang
banyak.)

Rumus Passive Voice Simple Past Tense

Passive voice dalam simple past tense dibentuk oleh auxiliary verb was/were
dan past participle.
Lihat juga:

Passive Voice Simple Present Tense

Passive Voice Simple Future Tense

Passive Voice Past Perfect Tense

Passive Voice Past Continuous Tense

Get-Passive

Short Passive (Agentless Passive)

Passive pada Tenses, Infinitive, dan Gerund

Passive pada Intransitive Verb (Prepositional Passive)

Subject pada passive voice merupakan object pada active
voice dengan was untuksubject tunggal, sedangkan were untuk subject jamak.
Adapun agent pada passive voicemerupakan subject pada active voice.
Berikut rumus passive voice dalam simple past tense:
Active Voice
S + verb-2 + direct
object

Passive Voice
S (direct object) + was/were + past participle +/- by
(agent)

Rumus di atas berlaku untuk transitive verb. Bagaimana dengan intransitive

verb? Kalimat dengan intransitive verb mungkin dapat dipasifkan jika
memiliki prepositional phrase (lihat: Passive Voice pada Intransitive

Verb). Subject pada passive voice merupakanobject of preposition pada active

voice.
Active Voice
S + verb-2int + preposition +
object of preposition

Passive Voice
S (object of preposition) + was/were + past
participle + preposition +/- by (agent)

Contoh Kalimat Passive Voice Simple Past Tense

No
.

Active Voice

Passive Voice

Sunmark Press printed the first

book in 2005.
(Sunmark Press mencetak buku
pertama tersebut pada tahun 2005.)

The first book was printed in 2005 by

Sunmark Press.
(Buku pertama tersebut dicetak pada
tahun 2005 oleh Sunmark Press.)

Someone left the letter when he was

away from his desk.
(Seseorang meninggalkan surat
tersebut ketika dia jauh dari
mejanya.)

The letter was left when he was away

from his desk.
(Surat tersebut ditinggalkan ketika dia
jauhd ari mejanya.)

Tio ate sardines and rice for dinner.

(Tio makan sardin dan nasi untuk
makan malam.)

Sardines and rice were eaten for

dinner by Tio.
(Sardin dan nasi dimakan untuk makan
malam oleh Tio.)

They just talked about mental

health.
(Mereka baru saja membicarakan
tentang kesehatan mental.)

Mental health was just talked by them.

(Kesehatan mental baru saja
dibicarakan oleh mereka.)

Yesterday, my father stayed at the

hotel.
(Kemarin ayah saya tinggal di hotel
tersebut.)

Yesterday, the hotel was stayed at by

my father.
(Kemarin hotel tersebut ditinggali oleh
ayah saya.)

Rumus Yes-No Question Simple Past Tense

Kalimat positive simple past tense dapat menggunakan linking verb be
(was/were) atau dengan verb-2 selain be sebagai kata kerjanya.
Pada simple past tense dengan be, yes-no question dapat langsung dibuat dengan menukar
posisi subject of verb (S) danbe; namun pada simple past tense dengan verb-2 selain be perlu

penambahandummy auxiliary verb did dan verb-2 berubah menjadi bare infinitive (base
form).

Lihat juga:

Yes-No Question Simple Present Tense

Yes-No Question Past Perfect Tense

Yes-No Question Past Continuous Tense

Yes-No Question Berbagai Tense

Kalimat Positive

Yes-No Question

S + verb-2 +/- direct object

Did + S + bare infinitive +/direct object

S + be (was/were) + subject
complement (noun/adjective/
)

Be (was/were) + S + subject
complement (noun/adjective/
)

Catatan:

was untuk subject I dan third person singular (Vera, mother, she, he, it)

were untuk you dan plural subject (Vera and her mother, we, they)

Contoh Kalimat Yes-No Question Simple Past Tense

No

Kalimat Positif

Yes-No Question

She came to my house yesterday.

(Dia datang ke rumah saya
kemarin.)

Did she come to my house yesterday?

(Apakah dia datang ke rumah saya
kemarin?)

They bought some snacks.

(Mereka membeli beberapa
makanan ringan.)

Did they buy some snacks?

(Apakah mereka membeli beberapa
makanan ringan?)

I was shy.
(Saya dulu pemalu.)

Was I shy?
(Apakah saya dulu pemalu?)

Those students were late this

morning.

Were those students late this morning?

(Apakah siswa-siswa itu terlambat tadi

(Siswa-siswa itu terlambat tadi

pagi.)

pagi?)

Short Answer Response Simple Past Tense

YES-NO QUESTION

SHORT ANSWER RESPONSE

Yes, you were.

No, you werent.

Was she/he/it here before?

Yes, she/he/it was.

No, she/he/it want.

Were you here before?

Yes, I was.
No, I wasnt.

Were they here before?

Yes. they were.

No, they werent.

Did I/we miss the point of the story?

Yes, you did.

No, you didnt.

Did she/he/it miss the point of the story?

Yes, she/he/it did.

No, she/he/it didnt

Did you miss the point of the story?

Yes, I did.
No, I didnt.

Did they miss the point of the story?

Yes, they did.

No, they didnt.

Was I here before?

Were we here before?

Rumus Wh- Question dengan Simple Past Tense

Berikut beberapa rumus wh- question (pertanyaan yang dimulai
denganwhat, where, when, why, which, who, whose, atau how) dengan simple past tense
menggunakan kata kerja berupa linking verb be (was/were) atau verb-2 (bare infinitive + ed, -en, -d, -t, -n, atau -ne untuk regular verb atau bentuk yang tidak konsisten pada irregular
verb).
Kalimat Positif
(+)

Fungsi

Kalimat Interogatif (?)

S + be

S + verb-2

menanyakansub
ject

Who/What + be(was/were)
Whose/Which + noun + be(was/were)

menanyakanad
verb

When/Where/Why + be(was/were) + S
How + adverb(much/far/) + be(was/were) +
S

menanyakansub
ject

Who/What + V2
Whose/Which + noun + V2

menanyakan ob
ject

Who/What + did + S + bare infinitive ?

Whose/Which + noun + did + S + bare
infinitive

menanyakanad
verb

When/Where/Why + did + S + bare infinitive

How + adverb(long/slowly/) + did + S + bare
infinitive

Contoh Kalimat Wh- Question dengan Simple Past Tense

Contoh Kalimat (+)

Fungsi

menanyakan
subject

Contoh Wh- Question

Who were here ten minutes
ago?
(Siapa yang disini sepuluh
menit lalu?)
When were the children
here?
(Kapan anak-anak disini?)

The children were here ten

minutes ago.
(Anak-anak disini sepuluh
menit lalu.)
This book was popular
when we were a child.
(Buku ini populer ketika
kita kecil.)

menanyakan
adverb
menanyakan
subject

Where were the children

ten minutes ago?
(Dimana anak-anak sepuluh
menit lalu?)
Which book was populer
when we were a child?
(Buku mana yang populer
ketika kita kecil?)

menanyakanadverb

When was this book

popular?
(Kapan buku ini populer?)

menanyakansubject

Who did work well enough

yesterday?
(Siapa yang bekerja cukup
baik kemarin?)
When did the new
administrative assistant
work well enough?
(Kapan asisten administrasi
baru bekerja dengan cukup
baik?)

The new administrative

assistantworked well
enough yesterday.
(Asisten administrasi baru
bekerja cukup baik
kemarin.)

She received ten calls

after sending resume.
(Dia menerima sepuluh
panggilan setelah
mengirimkan resume.)
He borrowed his friends
car for several weeks.
(Dia meminjam mobil
temannya selama
beberapa minggu.)

menanyakanadverb

How well did the new

administrative assistant
work yesterday?
(Seberapa baik asisiten
administrasi baru bekerja
kemarin?)

menanyakansubject

Who did receive ten calls

after sending resume?
(Siapa yang mendapat
sepuluh panggilan setelah
mengirim resume?)

menanyakanobject

What did she receive after

sending resume?
(Apa yang dia terima
setelah
mengirimkan resume?)

menanyakanobject(poss
essive)

Whose car did he borrow

for several weeks?
(Mobil siapa yang dia pinjam
selama beberapa minggu?)

10 Soal Simple Past Tense Pilihan Ganda

Pilihlah salah satu jawaban untuk melengkapi kalimat di bawah ini.

1.

I sometimes my head under the water when I swam in

the ocean.

2.

put
puts

He was sleeping when you him last night.

called

was calling

3.

The woman had already left when her friends

come

came

4.

You regret if you joined the community.

wouldnt

wont

5.

Did the tour participants the sunrise this morning?

see

saw

6.

The businessman the sales contract two days ago.

backs out of

backed out of

7.

The family in poverty for two decades.

lived

live

8.

It wasnt her who money from your wallet.

took

takes

9.

How did you your last weekend?

spent

spend

10. They made mistakes because they didnt the

guidelines.

followed

follow

Jawaban
1.

put | Simple past tense digunakan untuk menyatakan kebiasaan

dimasa lampau.
2.
called | Simple past tense untuk menunjukkan bahwa ada aksi
berdurasi pendek yang terjadi ketika aksi berdurasi panjang (past
continuous tense was sleeping) sedang berlangsung.
3.
came | Simple past tense untuk menunjukkan bahwa aksi langsung
mengikuti aksi yang telah selesai (past perfect tense had left).
4.
wouldnt | Simple past tense digunakan pada conditional sentence
type 2.
5.
see | Bare infinitive (bentuk dasar verb) digunakan sebagai kata
kerja padainterrogative sentence simple past tense.
6.
backed out of | Two days ago merupakan time signal untuk tense
ini.
7.
lived
8.
took
9.
spend | Gunakan bare infinitive sebagai kata kerja pada kalimat
pertanyaan simple past tense.
10.
follow | Bare infinitive digunakan sebagai kata kerja pada kalimat
negatif simple past tense.

Soal Passive Voice Pilihan Ganda

Pilihlah kata-kata yang tepat untuk melengkapi kalimat di bawah ini.

1.

Potatoes, black beans and chesnuts raw.

2.

3.

were rarely consumed

are rarely consumed

Fio by one of the waitress now.

is being served

is served

The new member enjoys into our support group.

being received

be received

4.

You if you meet the minimum requirements for this job.

would be contacted

will be contacted

5.

Nothing except his credit card.

has been stolen

has stolen

6.

The buildings of marble and granite.

were made

was made

7.

A negative anonymous letter on my car this morning.

was left

is left

8.

9.

with all my stories?

did you bored

were you bored

The 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia by the

Committee for Examination of Indonesian Independence and the
Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence.

were written

was written

10.

I want to know why a woman prefers by a man.

to managed

to be managed

Jawaban
1.

are rarely consumed | Merupakan bentuk pasif dari simple present tense:
is/am/are + past participle.
Pelaku aksi (tidak disebutkan) merujuk kepada orang secara umum.

2.

is being served | bentuk pasif dari present continuous tense: is/am/are +

being + present participle

3.

being received | bentuk pasif dari gerund: being + past participle

4.

will be contacted | Bentuk pasif dari simple future tense pada conditional
sentence type 1: will + be + past participle

5.

has been stolen | bentuk pasif dari present perfect tense: has/have + been
+ present participle

6.

were made | bentuk pasif dari simple past tense: was/were + past participle

7.

was left | bentuk pasif dari simple past tense: was/were + past participle

8.

were you bored | Versi active voice-nya: Did I bore you with all my stories?

9.

was written | bentuk pasif dari simple past tense: was/were + past
participle

10.

to be managed | bentuk pasif dari infinitive: (to) be + past participle