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TENSES
RANGKUMAN MATERI

(Dia minum teh saat sarapan)

A.Pengertian Tenses merupakan perubahan verb (kata kerja) dalam kalimat bahasa inggris yang menyatakan perbedaan waktu dan sifat kegiatan atau kejadian. B. Jenis jenis Tenses Secara garis besar berdasar pada penggolongan waktunya, tenses dibagi menjadi 4 macam, yaitu: 1. Present tense Present tense merupakan bentuk waktu yang digunakan untuk menbicarakan masa sekarang . Berdasarkan sifat kegiatannya, present tense ini dibagi menjadi 4 macam sebagai berikut: a) Simple Present Tense Rumus - Kalimat Verbal S + V1 / Vs / es Kalimat Nominal S + to be (is, am, are) + Complement (C) Keterangan : Kalimat Verbal :kalimat yang predikatnya berupa kata kerja (verb) Kalimat nominal : kalimat yang predikatnya bukan kata kerja.

She usually eats fish. (Dia biasanya makan ikan) - They watch television regularly. (Mereka biasanya nonton TV) 2) Menyatakan kejadian atau kegiatan yang terjadi berulang ulang. Contoh: - We catch the bus every morning (Kami mengejar bus setiap pagi) - It rains every afternoon in this season (turun hujan setiap sore pada musim ini) - They go to Monaco every summer (mereka pergi ke Monako setiap musim panas). 3) Menyatakan kebenaran umum Contoh: - Wafer freezes at zero degrees (Air membeku pada nol derajat) - The Earth revolves around the Sun (Bumi berevolusi mengelilingi matahari) - Her mother is Indonesian (Ibunya orang Indonesia) Keterangan Waktu: Ususlly, regulary, sometimes, never, often, every body,every week, once a week, habitually, frequently, dsb. b) Present Continuous Tense Rumus: - Kalimat Verbal S + to be (is, am, are) + Ving - Kalimat Nominal S + to be (is, am, are) + being +C -

Catatan: Kata kerja berakhiran -s/es (Vs / es) digunakan jika subjek kalimat berupa orang ketiga tunggal (he , she, it). Contoh: Diana speaks English. Fungsi: 1) Menyatakan kebiasaan yang masih berlangsung. Contoh: - He drinks tea at breakkfast.

Fungsi: 1) Menyatakan sesuatu yang sedang terjadi (pada saat pembicaraan berlangsung). Contoh: - She is studying now. (Dia sedang belajar sekarang.) - My father is gardening at this moment (Ayahku sedang berkebun saat ini.)

2) Menyatakan sesuatu yang sedang terjadi dalam jangka waktu sekarang (belum tentu terjadi pada saat pembicaraan berlangsung). Copntoh: - The actor is being very famous this year. (Aktor itu sedang terkenal tahun ini) - Astri is improving her English this month. (Astri sedang meningkatkan bahasa inggrisnya bulan ini. Keterangan waktu: Now, at this moment, right now, today, this years, dsb.

Fungsi:

Kalimat nominal S + have/has + been + C

1) Menyatakan sesuatu yang telah terjadi (telah selesai) pada saat berbicara. Contoh: - I have finish my assingment, so i want to take a rest. (Aku telah menyelesaikan tugasku,jadi aku ingin beristirahat). - We have just read your message (Kami baru saja membaca pesanmu). - The cat has stolen my cake. (Kucing itu telah mencuri kueku). - Atik has been here for three days. (Atik sudah disini selama tiga hari).

Catatan: 1) Present Continuous Tense bisa digunakan untuk menunjuk masa depan. Contoh: - Where are you going tomorrow? (Ke mana kamu akan pergi besok? ) - Iam leaving next week. (Aku akan pergi menggu depan.) 2) Bisa digunakan untuk menunjuk pada peristiwa yang terjadi berulang ulang dengan tambahan keterangan always, forever, constanty. Contoh: - You are always Complaining. (Kamu selalu mengeluh) - We are contantly fighting (Kami terus bertengkar) 3) Beberapa kata kerja tidak bisa dipakai dalam bentuk continuous, yaitu yang berhubungan dengan panca indra (misal: see, hear, smell), yang berhubungan dengan emosi (misal: hate, love, care), dan yang berhubungan dengan aktivitas mental (misal: forget, understand, know). Keterangan waktu: Since...., for...., already, just, yet, all the day, ever, never, dsb.

d) Present Perfect Continuous tense Rumus: - Kalimat verbal S + have/has + been + ing

Kalimat nominal S + have/has + been + being + C

Fungsi: 1) Menyatakan suatu kkejadian atau peristiwa yang di mulai pada masa lalu dan sekarang masih berlangsung (belum selesai). Contoh: - Kristina has been living in Indonesian for three years. (Kristina telah tinggal di Indonesia selama tiga tahun) sekarang masih. - Panji has been being a nurse for more than four years.

c) Present Perfect tense Rumus: - Kalimat verbal S + have/has + V3

(Panji telah menjadi seorang suster selama lebih dari empat tahun) sekarang masih. Where are you? I have been waiting for you for hours. (Di mana kamu? Aku sudah menunggu kamu selama berjam-jam) sekarang masih.

(wulan biasa datang untuk menyaksikan penampilan tahun lalu). They played football every week when Dika lived here. (Mereka bermain sepak bola setiap minggu saat Dika tinggal di sini). I was at your house the day before. (Aku ada dirumah kamu pada hari sebelumnya).

Keterangan waktu yang dipakai untuk Present perfect Continuous tense ini sama dengan keterangan waktu untuk Present Perfect Tense.

Keterangan waktu: Yesterday, last..., this morning,...before,...ago, just now, dsb. b) Past Continuous Tense Rumus: - Kalimat Verbal S + to be (was, where) + Ving - Kalimat nominal S + to be (was, where) + being + C -

2. Past Tense Past tense merupakan bentuk waktu yang digunakan untuk membicarakan masa lampau . Berdasar sifat kegiatannya, past tense ini juga dibagi menjadi 4 macam sebagai berikut: a) Simple Past Tense Rumus: - Kalimat verbal S + V2 - Kalimat nominal S + to be (was, were) + C

Fungsi Menyatakan sessuatu yang sedang terjadi pada masa lampau pada saat kejadian lain terjadi. Contoh:

Fungsi: 1) Menyatakan sesuatu yang terjadi pada saat tertentu di masa lalu. Contoh: - She called you two hours ago. (Dia meneleponmu dua jam yang lalu). - I visited Dinar last week. (Aku mengunjungi Dinar minggu lalu). - Aiana got an accident yesterday. (Aina mendapatkan kecelakaan kemarin). - I was there this morning. (Aku di sana tadi pagi). 2) Menyatakan kebiasaan di masa lalu (sekarang sudah tidak menjadi kebiasaan). Contoh: - Wulan usually came to watch his performance last year.

Eva was washing her clothes at the moment. (Eva sedang mencuci bajunya pada saat itu). She was listening to the radio when i called her. (Dia sedang mendengarkan radio ketika aku memanggilnya). He came while i was sleeping. (Dia datang ketika aku tidur).

Keterangan waktu: At the moment, at the time, at five o clock yesterday, dsb. c) Past Perfect Tense Rumus: - Kalimat verbal S + had + V3 - Kalimat Nominal S + had + been + C

Reni had been working at the office for a year when i met her there. (Reni telah dan masih bekerja di kantor itu selama setahun ketika aku bertemu dengannya disana).

Fungsi: Menyatakan sesuatu yang telah terjadi (telah selesai) pada saat sebelum peristiwa lain ter jadi di waktu lampau. Contoh: I had typed my paper before he offered his help. (Aku sudah mengetik makalahku sebelum dia menawarkan bantuannya.) The band had already released the frist album when Yuda joined it. (Band itu telah mengeluarkan album pertama saat Yuda bergabung.) Keterangan waktu yang dipakai untuk Past Perfect Continuous tense ini sama dengan keterangan waktu untuk Past Perfect Tense. 3. Future Tense Future tense merupakan bentuk waktu yang digunakan untuk membicarakan masa depan . Berdasar sifat kegiatannya, tenses ini juga dibagi menjadi 4 macam sebagai berikut: a) Simple Future tense Rumus: - Kalimat verbal S + will/shall + V1 - Kalimat nominal S + will/shall + be + c

Keterangan waktu: For..., since...., before...., after, dsb. d) Past Perfect Continuous tense Rumus: Kalimat verbal S + had + been + ving Kalimat Nominal S + had + been + being + C I will lend you money tomorrow. (Aku akan meminjamimu uang besok). Hajar will bee a teacher someday. (Hajar akan menjadi guru suatu hari nanti.) We shall go in spite of the rain. (kami akan pergi walaupun hujan.) Fungsi: Menyatakan sesuatu yang akan terjadi di masa depan, contoh:

Fungsi: Menyatakan sesuatu yang talah terjadi atau telah dimulai pada masa lalu dan masih terjadi pada saat peristiwa lain di waktu lampau terjadi, contoh: The man had been playing with his son when his wife went out. (Laki-laki itu telah dan masih bermain dengan anaknya ketika istrinya pergi keluar). Lydia had been being in her room when the thieve sneaked inside. (lydia telah dan masih berada di kamarnya ketika pencuri itu menyelinap masuk).

Keterangan Waktu: Tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next ...., this coming ...., dsb. Catatan: 1) To be (is, am, are) + going to bisa digunakan sebagai pengganti modal will/shall untuk menyatakan bentuk future. Bentuk ini menyatakan kejadian di masa depan yang telah direncakan sebelumnya atau sudah ada tanda-tanda sebelumnya, contoh: - I can t go with you; i am going to visit my ount.

(Aku tidak bisa pergi denganmu; Aku akan mengunjungi bibiku.) - I buy this dress because i m going to attend a party. (Aku membeli baju ini aku akan menghadiri sebuah pesta.) - The sky seems clear; today is going to be bright day. (Langit tampak cerah; hari ini akan menjadi hari yang cerah.) 2) Shall menyatakan kejadian yang akan terjadi bukan atas kehendak sendiri (hanya dipakai untuk subjek / dan we. Contoh: We shall die someday. (Kita akan mati suatu hari.) 3) Will/shall dan to be going to tidak digunakan dalam time clause yaitu klausa yang diawali oleh when, before, after, as soon as, until. Maka untuk menyatakan makna future, time clause tersebut menggunakan bentuk simple Present, contoh: - I will calll you when he arrives. (Aku akan menelponmu saat dia datang). - Anna will be afraid as soon as she realizes the danger. (Anna akan takut saat menyadari bahaya itu). b) Future Continuous Tense Rumus: - Kalimat verbal S + will/shall + be + ving - Kalimat nominal S + will/shall + be + being + C

Arum will be watching korean movie when you arrive at 7 o clock tomorrow. (Arum akan sedang menyaksikan film korea saat kamu tiba pukul 7 besok).

Keterangan waktu: At this time tomorrow, at... o clock tomorrow, dsb. c) Future Perfect tense Rumus: Fungsi: Menyatakan peristiwa yang akan telah selesai sebelum atau pada waktu kejadian lain terjadi di masa depan. Contoh: Don t worry; I will have finnished my breakfast when you come. (Jangan kawatir; aku akan sudah selesai sarapan saat kamu datang.) Tyas will have been in jogya for a week by then. (Tyas akan sudah berada di jogya selama seminggu menjelang waktu itu.) Nana will have prepared the parety by next Saturday. (Nana akan sudah mempersiapkan pesta menjelang sabtu depan.) Kalimat verbal S + will/shall + have + V3 Kalimat nominal S + will/shall + have + been + C

Keterangan waktu: Fungsi; Menyatakan suatu peristiwa yang akan sed ang terjadi pada saat tertentu di masa depan. Contoh: I will be being at home at this time tomorrow. (Aku akan sedang berada di rumah waktu ini besok). By next...., by the end of ..., by then, for ..., dsb. d) Future Perfect Continuous tense Rumus: Kalimat verbal S + will/shall + have + been + ving Kalimat nominal S+will/shall+have+been+being+C

Fungsi: Menyatakan peristiwa yang akan telah dimulai dan masih berlangsung kejadian di masa depan, contoh: The baby will have been sleeping when you go home. (Bayi itu akan sudah dan masih tidur saat kamu pulang.) Devi will have been being with Reno when we call her by wendesday. (Devi akan sudah dan masih bersama Reno saat kita meneleponnya menjelang hari rabu.)

2) Menyatakan peristiwa yang akan terjadi bila syaratnya terpenuhi (digunakan dalam conditional sentence tipe II). Contoh; If i had much money, i would be very happy. (Jika aku punya banyak uang, aku akan sangat bahagia). Keterangan waktu Yesterday, the following day, the day before, dsb. Catatan: Posisi model would dan should dalam tenses ini juga bisa diganti dengan to be (was, were) + going + to. b) Past Future Continuous Tenses

Keterangan waktu yang di pakai untuk Future Perfect Continuous tense ini sama dengan keterangan waktu untuk Future perfect tense. 4) Past Future Tense Past Future Tense merupakan bentuk waktu yang digunakan untuk membicarakan sesuatu yang akan dilakukan di masa lalu. Seperti tenses lain yang telah dijelaskan sebelumnya, tenses ini juga dibagi menjadi 4 macam berdasar sifat kegiatannya, yaitu sebagai berikut: a) Simple Past Tense Rumus: Fungsi: 1) Menyatakan sesuatu yang akan terjadi di masa lalu, contoh: - Yulan came when i would go to the market yesterday. (Yulan datang saat aku akan pergi ke pasar kemarin). - He said that he would help me the next day. (Dia berkata bahwa dia akan membantuku hari berikutnya.) Kalimat verbal S + would/should + V3 Kalimat nominal S + would/should + be + C

Rumus: Kalimat verbal S + would/should + be + Ving Kalimat nominal S + would/should + be + being + C

Fungsi: 1) Menyatakan sesuatu yang akan datang terjadi di masa lalu. Contoh: - Yesterday Fifin told us that she would be working at 9 o clock the following day. (Kemarin Fifin memberitahu kami bahwa dia akan sedang pada pukul 9 hari berikutnya). - He knew thatr i would be being at campus at 3 o clock the next two days. (Dia tahu aku akan sedang berada di kampus pada jam 3 dua hari berikutnya). 2) Menyatakan peristiwa yang seharusnya sedang terjadi di masa lampau. Contoh: I should be working on my thesis last night.

(Aku seharusnya sedang mengerjakan skripsiku tadi malam). Keterangan waktu:

On Sunday last week, at the time, the following day, dsb. c) Past Future Perfect Tense Rumus: Kalimat verbal S + would/should + have + V3 Kalimat nominal S + would/should + have + been + C

Fungsi: Menyatakan durasi peristiwa yang sudah dberlangsung di masa lalu. Contoh: I would have been joining the group for a year by last week. (Aku akan sudah bergabung dengan kelompok itu selama setahun menjelang minggu lalu). Lia would have been being a programmer for three year by last month. (Lia akan sudah menjadi seorang programmer selama tiga tahun menjelang bulan lalu.)

PAKET SOAL 1. SPMB 04 You are supposed to be here ten minutes ago. Where were you? I_______a place to park a. Am looking b. Looked c. Have looked d. Look e. Was looking

2. UM STAN 06 Because the river _______ steadily since Sunday, the residents of the area have been advised to prepare for flood conditions. a. Is rising b. Has been rising c. Rose d. Had risen 3. UAN 04 what a beautiful voice. She is a talented singer. She _______since she was a child. a. Sang b. Sings c. Is singing d. Had been singing e. Has been singing 4. UM StaN 06 I started school when i was five years old. I _____a student for seventeen years now. a. Have been b. Am to be c. Am d. Am being 5. SPMB 02 A: Can you pick me up at round 2.00 pm tomorrow? B: I m sorry i can t. I ______then. a. Am teaching b. Will be teaching c. Have been teaching d. Have taught e. Will teach 6. SPMB 02 Can we postpone the class meeting until Friday? I m afraid not. I ______basketball on Friday. a. Would play b. Will have been playing c. Have been playing d. Always day e. Played 7. UM UGM 04 A: I think we re going to be here for a while B: But we ______in line for almost an hour a. Are standing b. Have stood

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c. Stand d. Were standing e. Have been satnding UAN 04 Nuki : What was your sister doing when you arrived home last night? Rendra : She ______in the kitchen. a. Cooks b. Is cooking c. Has cooked d. Has been cooking e. Will have been back SPMB 02 A: The radio says that most of the streets in Jakarta are flooded at the moment. UAN 02 Raissa : I m sorry, i can t leave now. We hava to practice the last part of the drama but we______by six o clock. Rezza : Don t worry. I ll wait you ve finished. a. Finish b. Will finish c. Have finished d. Are finishing e. Will have finishing I hope that by the time my father retires, I _____a job. a. Get b. Am getting c. Have got d. Will have got e. Got UM UGM 04 Do you think ______ by the time i return to this country next week? a. They will get married b. Will they have got mariied c. Will they get married d. They will have got married e. Will they get married SPMB 04 Do you often go to restaurant? No, it ..... quite a long time i went to a restaurant with my friends. a. Has been b. Would be c. Is being d. Was

e. Had been 14. UAN 05 James : why didn t you answer my call? Peter : Sorry ________ a. I was feeding my cattle b. I had fed all my cattle c. I have fed my cattle d. I ll feed my cattle e. I fed my cattle 15. SNMPTN 08 For the past few year last decade, the rate of crime has been high. Due to the increase in the rate, local government _______ fist priority to the solution of this problem. a. Gives b. Would give c. Will give d. Should give e. Had given 16. UMPTN 01 Can i see you tomorrow to tolk about the seminar? All right, come at 10 o clock, and i _____ teaching by then. a. Will have finished b. Have finished c. Am finishing d. Will be finishing e. Will have been finishing 17. UM STAN 07 The for sale sign isn t there now, but it _____ as recently as last week, so the car must have just been sold. a. Just there b. Would be there c. Was there d. Did be there 18. UMPTN 01 I _____ all over the place for my dictionary when i suddenly remembered that my sister had barrowed. a. Had looked b. Was looking c. Looked d. Am looking e. Have been looking 19. UAN 04 Atik : When will your sister her study? Mirna : I hope she ____ by July next year.

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a. Will have graduated b. Has graduated c. Will graduated d. Is going to graduated e. Intend to graduated UM STAN 07 Henry VIII ruled that people born on February 29 _____ their birthday on February 28 in non- leap year. a. Would have celebrated b. Celebrates c. Would celebrate d. Celebrated UNAS 01 Ridwan : When are the children going to see the rice field? Willy : In June, after the harvest time. Ridwan : Are they? So, by the time they get there, the farmers _____ all the crops. a. Harvest b. Harvested c. Has harvested d. Had harvested e. Will have harvested UMPTN 01 While living in Bogor, we always went to school on foot. This means that we _____ on foot while we were living in Bogor. a. Go to school b. Are going to school c. Used to go to school d. Are used to going to school e. Liked going to school SPMB 06 How can the faculty accommodate the increasing number of incoming student with limited classes? Well, I think the faculty will _______ a. Has expanded its premises b. To have its premises expanded c. Has to expand its premises expanded d. Have had to expand its premises e. Have to expand UMPTN 00 Don t you think the bus driver is speeding? Yes, I m afraid he ____ the lives of the passengers. a. Endangered

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b. Will endanger c. Would have endangered d. Endangers e. Would endanger SPMB 03 Because the allocated time is not enough to finish this project, we are still working on it now. As a matter af fact we ____ on it for four days. a. Are working b. Work c. Have been working d. Worked e. Had worked UAN 02 Vina : When did you get the letter? Fani : Yesterday. My family ____ when the postman arrived. a. Have lunch b. Will have lunch c. Werte having lunch d. Will have had lunch e. Have been having lunch UAN 03 Harry : We recieve a large donation from individual donor and bequests. Irma : I hope you distribute the money as soon as possible. Harry : Don t worry. We ____ all the money by the end of this month. a. Distribute b. Will distributed c. Have distributed d. Will have distributed e. Will have been distributed UM STAN 02 The Titanic _____ for days when a huge iceberg was suddenly spotted. a. Sailed b. Was sailing c. Has sailed d. Had been sailing UM STAN 09 After Micheal failed the frist math tes, he thought he _____ the course. a. Will Fail b. Is going to Fail c. Failed d. Was going to Fail

30. UM STAN 07 _____ dinner tonight with Mr. Capello, and I d like to invite you to come along. a. We have b. We would have c. We ve just d. We re having 31. UM SATN 05 Tono is going to return to Aceh as soon as he ____ his university diploma s degree. a. Gets b. Will get c. Would get d. Got 32. UM STAN 06 Pujhee ______ Indonesian before he came to jakarta to study in the International student program. a. Would never visited b. Had never visited c. Has never visited d. Never visited 33. SMPB 02 A : When are you going to tell your sister the good news? B : When she ______ from her business trip. a Will be returning b. Is going to return c. Returns d. Was returning e. Had returned 34. UM UGM 05 Understanding a joke is an intellectual achievement, yet reflective thought ______ humor. a. To destroy b. To be destroyed by c. Destroys d. Destroying e. Has destroyed 35. UN 03 Andi : I didn t see your sister. Where is she? Roy : She s studying in Australia. Andi : Oh, haw long has she been there. Roy : ________ a. Last year

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b. A year ago c. Since last year d. By next years e. Yesterday UN 03 Tati : May I borrow your new novel? Lina : Yes, but ext Monday. I _____ reading it by then. a. Would finish b. Am finishing c. Have finished d. Will be finishing e. Will have finished UNAS 01 Susan : I went to your house at 7 p.m. last night. But you weren t home. Where were you? Rufy : Oh. I_____ for a new dictionary at the bookstore then. a. Look b. Looked c. Will look d. Was looking e. Have looked UN 03 Nindy : When did you get this cassete? Lia : Yesterday. When i ______ home, a boy asked me to give it to you. a. Walk b. Walked c. Walking d. Was walked e. Has been walking Mother ______ the food by the time the children come home. a. Cooks b. Cooked c. Will cook d. Has cooked e. Will have cooked SNMPTN 08 Where s Fred? I haven t seen him. Well, he _____ the reports when i arrived. a. Had typed b. Was typing c. Has typed d. Is typing e. typed