Qdoc - Tips - Modul Tik Kelas VII
Qdoc - Tips - Modul Tik Kelas VII
Gambar-1.10: Telepon
Speaker
Monitor
Modem
CPU
Printer
Disk Drive
CD Drive
Mouse Keyboard
A. TUJUAN PEMBELAJARAN
Perkembangan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi yang seiring
dengan
dengan kemajuan
kemajuan zaman menuntut peningkatan
peningkatan pengetahu
pengetahuan an dan
ketera
keterampi
mpilan
lan dalam
dalam menggu
menggunak nakan
an perang
perangkat
kat teknol
teknologi
ogi terseb
tersebut.
ut.
Untu
Untukk itu,
itu, kita
kita perl
perlu
u memp
mempel elaj
ajar
arii dan mema
memaha hami
mi deng
denganan baik
baik
teknologi tersebut
tersebut agar dapat memberikan pengetahuanpengetahuan yang
yang lebih
banya
anyak k dan
dan info
inform
rmas
asii yang
ang mut mutakh
akhir.
ir. Dalam
alam menmenghad
ghadapapii
perkem
perkemban
bangan
gan teknol
teknologi
ogi inform
informasi
asi dan komuni
komunikaskasi,
i, kita
kita ditunt
dituntut
ut
untuk belajar sejak dini agar kita dapat berperan secara optimal.
Modul
Modul 3 ini dimaksudk
dimaksudkan an dapat menyediakan
menyediakan sebagian
sebagian bahan
bagi
bagi And
Anda agar
agar memi
memililiki
ki beka
bekall yang
yang cuku
cukupp untu
untukk mema
memaha hami
mi
penggu
penggunaa
naann perala
peralatan
tan teknolo
teknologi
gi informas
informasii dan komuni
komunikaskasi,
i, dan
memahami prospeknya di masa mendatang. Dengan modul 3 ini juga
dihara
diharapka
pkann Anda
Anda memili
memilikiki cakraw
cakrawala
ala pemiki
pemikiran
ran dan penget
pengetahu
ahuan
an
seca
secara
ra umum
umum maup
maupunun seca
secara
ra khus
khusus us yang
yang seka
sekara
rang
ng ini
ini bany
banyakak
dibutuhkan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari.
B. STANDAR KOMPETENSI
Memahami penggunaan
penggunaan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi,
komunikasi, dan
prospeknya di masa mendatang.
C. MATERI POKOK
1. Peralatan Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi.
2. Sejarah Perkembangan Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi.
3. Peranan Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi.
4. Dampak Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi.
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1.1 Komp
mpet
eten
ensi
si Da
Dasa
sar
r
Mengidentifikasi berbagai peralatan teknologi informasi dan
komunikasi.
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a. Sistem Komputer
Komp
Komput uter
er meru
merupa
paka
kan
n pera
perang
ngka
katt elek
elektr
tron
onik
ika
a yang
yang mampu
ampu
menerima,
menerima, memprose
memproses,s, dan menyimpa
menyimpan n data, serta
serta menghasil
menghasilkan
kan
bent
bentuk
uk kelu
keluar
aran
an beru
berupa
pa teks
teks,, gamb
gambar
ar,, simb
simbol
ol,, angk
angkaa dan
dan suara
suara..
Dalam pengoperasian, bentuk, sistem dan fungsinya, komputer terdiri
atas 2 (dua) bagian yaitu hardware dan software.
a) Keyboard
Keyboard adalah ala t untuk
memasu
memasukka
kkan
n data
data ataupu
ataupun
n perint
perintah
ah ke
CPU (Central Processing Unit). Keyboard
biasanya terdiri dari rangkaian huruf dan
angka.
Gambar-1.2 : Keyboard
b) Scanner
Scanner merupakan alat bantu untuk memasukkan data berupa
gambar/grafik dan merubahnya ke dalam
bentuk digital sehingga dapat diproses dan
diga
digabu
bung
ngka
kan
n deng
dengan
an bent
bentuk
uk data
data yang
yang
berupa teks.
Gambar-1.3 : Scanner
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menyimpan
menyimpan instuks
instuksi-inst
i-instruksi
ruksi pemroses
pemrosesan,
an, dan penyimpan
penyimpanan
an data
sementara.
d) Monitor
Gambar-1.5 : Monitor
e) Printer
Printer adalah alat untuk memproduksi keluaran
data (output) berbentuk cetak, baik itu berupa teks
maupun gambar/grafik.
Gambar-1.6: Printer
f) CD Rom
CD Rom adalah alat tambahan (alat
periph
periphera
eral)
l) yang
yang mampu
mampu menyim
menyimpanpan dan
men
menulis
uliska
kann data
ata dan prog
rogram
ram melalelalu
ui
media Compact Disk (CD). Alat ini didesain
mamp
mampu u menu
menulilisk
skan
an dan
dan memb
membacacaa data
data
atau program melalui sistem Optik.
Gambar-1.7 : CDROM
h) Floppy Disk
Flop
Floppy Disk adal
py Disk adalah
ah alat
alat tamb
tambah
ahan
an
untuk menyimpan atau menuliskan data ke
dalam
dalam disket
disket maupun
maupun sebali
sebalikny
knya.
a. Ukuran
Ukuran
yang
yang umum
umum diguna
digunakan
kan adalah
adalah ukuran
ukuran 3,5
inchi.
Gambar-1.8 : CD
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i) Hard Disk
Harddisk adal
adalah
ah alat
alat tamb
tambah
ahanan untu
untuk
k
meny
menyim
impa
pan
n data
data dala
dalamm kapa
kapasi
sita
tas
s yang
yang
besar yang dilapisi secara magnetis.
Gambar-1.9 : Harddisk
1) Telephone
Telephone meru
merupapaka
kan
n alat
alat komu
komuni
nika
kasi
si dua
dua arah
arah yang
yang
memu
memungngki
kink
nkan
an 2 oran
orang
g atau
atau lebi
lebih
h untu
untuk
k berc
bercak
akap
ap-c
-cak
akap
ap tanp
tanpa
a
terbatas jarak.
2) ISDN
Integrated Service Digital Network (ISDN) merupakan jaringan
komunikasi khusus yang menggunakan jaringan telepon yang tidak
hanya meproses suara, tapi juga mampu menangani penyimpanan
data berupa teks, gambar, video, faksimili, dan lain lain.
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4)
Fiber Optic
Fibe
Fiberr opti
optic
c meru
merupa
paka
kan
n jarin
jaringa
gan
n komu
komuni
nika
kasi
si yang
yang mamp
mampu u
mentransmisikan data dalam frekuensi tinggi. Dalam jaringan ini jalur
komunikasi tidak menggunakan kawat tembaga tetapi menggunakan
cahaya sebagai penghantar datanya.
5) Leased Line
Leased line merupakan jaringan telepon tetap (permanen) yang
menghubungkan dua tempat atau lebih. Jaringan ini tidak mempunyai
alat pengalih (switching) atau sejenisnya, jaringan ini bekerja diantara
tempat-tempat yang dihubungkan tersebut secara spesifik atau yang
sudah ditentukan. Jaringan ini dikenal juga dengan sebutan private
line.
6) Wireless
Wire
Wireke
kess
ss adal
adalah
ah jari
jaring
ngan
an komu
komuninika
kasi
si nir
nir kabe
kabel.
l. Jari
Jaring
ngan
an
komunikasi
komunikasi yang menggunak
menggunakan an gelombang
gelombang radio/frek
radio/frekuensi
uensi tertentu
tertentu
yang berfungsi sebagai penghantar informasi. Jaringan komunikasi ini
menggu
menggunak
nakanan alat
alat pemanc
pemancar,ar, pengua
penguatt , dan peneri
penerimama gelomb
gelombang
ang
yang berisi data tersebut.
7)
Jaringan Komunikasi dengan Satelit
Jari
Jaring
ngan
an komu
komuni nika
kasi
si tanp
tanpa
a kabe
kabell yang
yang
menggu
menggunak nakanan sateli
satelitt yang
yang berfun
berfungsi
gsi sebaga
sebagaii
pem
pemanca
ancar,r, pene
peneri
rim
ma dan pengu enguat
at.. Siste
istem
m
komu
komun nikas
ikasii ini
ini meng
menggu guna
naka
kan
n gelom
elombabang
ng
sebagai penghantar datanya
Gambar-1.11: Pemancar
8) Antena,
Antena, TV dan Radio,
Radio, Seluler
Seluler
Antena
Antena merupakan
merupakan alat yang digunakan untuk memancarka
memancarkan
n
dan menerima komunikasi radio.
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1) Serv
Server
er
Sebua
ebuahh kom
kompute
puterr yang
yang beke
bekerj
rja
a sebag
ebagai
ai peny
penyed
edia
ia dat
data,
penyedia software dan penyim
penyimpan
panan
an data
data adalah
adalah server . Bahk
Bahkan
an
sebuah server mampu mengatur jalur informasi dalam jaringan yang
diaturnya.
2) Clie
Client
nt
3)
Router
Router adalah alat yang digunakan dalam jaringan yang mampu
mengirimkan data kepada jaringan lainnya melalui jalur yang lebih
cepat, tepat dan efisien.
4)
Modem
Modulator
Modulator/Demo
/Demodulato
dulatorr adalah
adalah alat yang memungkin
memungkinkan
kan PC,
Mini Computer, atau Mainframe untuk menerima dan mengirim data
dalam bentuk digital melalui saluran telephon.
1.3.2 Internet
Internet adalah sebuah dunia maya aya jaringan komputer
(interkoneksi) yang
yang terb
terben
entu
tuk
k dari
dari mily
milyar
aran
an komp
komput
uter
er di selu
seluru
ruh
h
dunia.
dunia. Tek logilogi ini dimulai
dimulai pada pert aha tahun
tahun 70-an pad
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a. Pengguna Internet
Seja
Sejak k diper
iperke
kena
nallkann
kannyaya kepad
epada a
dunia pada tahun 1972-1973,
penggu
penggunaanaan n Intern
Internetet pun meluas
meluas tidak
tidak
hany
hanya a pada
pada kala
kalangngan
an khus
khusus us (mili
(milite
terr
pada saat itu). Seiring dengan
perk
perkem
embabangngan
annynya,
a, oran
orang-g-or
oran
angg yang
yang
memanfaatkan internet membuat sebuah
Gambar 1.13 Pengguna Internet
sistem yang memudahkan peng-akses-an
internet oleh masyarakat luas. Sistem ini
juga
juga memung
memungkin kinkan
kan adanya
adanya peluan
peluang g bisnis
bisnis dalam
dalam bidang
bidang ini.
ini. Hal
tersebut
tersebut ditandai
ditandai dengan
dengan didirikann
didirikannyaya provider (penyedia
(penyedia layanan)
layanan)
internet sampai warnet (warung internet).
Banak p
enyedia jasa internet ( ISP/Provider ) i
nstitu
nstitusi
si yang
yang menyed
menyediak iakan
an jasa
jasa layana
layanan n koneks
koneksii ke intern
internet
et yang
yang
berada
berada di Indone
Indonesiasia contoh
contohnya nya:: Melsa,
Melsa, Telkom
Telkomnet
net instan
instan,, Centri
Centrin,
n,
Wasantaranet, CBNet,
CBNet, Indosat, dsn lain lain. Dengan banyaknya banyaknya ISP-
ISP,
ISP, maka
maka orgaorgani
nisa
sasi
si APJII
APJII (A(Asso
ssosia
siasi
si Penyel
Penyelengenggar
gara
a Jasa
Jasa Intern
Internet
et
Indonesia) dibedibent
ntuk
uk.. Asso
Assosi sias
asii ini
ini berf
berfun
ungs
gsii seba
sebaga
gaii peme
pemers rsat
atu
u
penyed
penyedia ia jasa
jasa layana
layanan n ini,
ini, sehing
sehinggaga para
para penggu
pengguna na Intern
Internet
et dapat
dapat
terus memanfaatkan Internet untuk keperluan mereka.
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menghancur
menghancurkan
kan file atau data yang disimpan
disimpan kompunter-k
kompunter-kompu
omputer
ter
yang
yang ada
ada di jari
jaring
ngan
an ters
terseb
ebut
ut.. Pela
Pelaku
ku hack
hackin
ing
g dise
disebu
butt hacker ,
sedangkan pelaku cracking disebut cracker .
c. Organisasi
d. Regulasi (Peraturan)
Kare
Karena
na besa
besarn
rnya
ya kema
kemamp
mpua
uan
n yang
yang dimi
dimili
liki
ki duni
dunia
a inte
intern
rnet
et,,
be bent
bentuk
uk keja
kejaha
hata
ta da im fu si
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masuk ke dalam area tersebut karena hal itu tidak baik dan akan
merugikan Anda. Dengan kemampuan penyampaian informasi yang
dimiliki internet, pornografi pun merajalela. Untuk mengantisipasi hal
ini,
ini, para
para produs
produsen
en 'browser' meleng
melengkap
kapii progra
program
m mereka
mereka dengan
dengan
kemampuan untuk memilih jenis home-page yang dapat diakses.
Karena segi bisnis dan isi pada dunia Internet tidak terbatas,
maka para pemilik situs menggunakan segala macam cara agar dapat
'menjual' situs mereka. Salah satunya dengan menampilkan hal-hal
yang
ang bers
bersif
ifat
at tabu
abu. Modu
Modus s seper
epertti di atas
atas mema
memangng mer
merajal
ajalel
ela
a
dibi
dibida
dang
ng mana
manapupun.
n. Inte
Intern
rnet
et pun
pun tida
tidak
k lupu
luputt dari
dari sera
serang
ngan
an para
para
penipu. Cara yang terbaik adalah tidak mengindahkan hal ini atau
mengkonfirmasi informasi yang didapatkan pada penyedia informasi
tersebut.
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e. Carding
Karena sifatnya yang langsung (real time), cara belanja dengan
menggunakan kartu kredit (carding) adalah cara yang paling banyak
digunakan dalam dunia Internet. Para penjahat Internet pun paling
banyak
banyak melakumelakukan
kan kejaha
kejahatan
tan dalam
dalam bidang
bidang ini.
ini. Dengan
Dengan sifat
sifat yang
yang
terbuka, para penjahat mampu mendeteksi adanya transaksi (yang
menggunaka
menggunakan n kartu kredit)
kredit) on-line dan mencatat kode kartu yang
digu
diguna
naka kan.n. Untu
Untuk
k sela
selanj
njut
utny
nyaa mere
mereka
ka meng
menggu
guna
naka
kann data
data yang
yang
mereka
mereka dapatk dapatkan
an untuk
untuk kepent
kepenting
ingan
an kejaha
kejahatan
tan mereka
mereka.. Dampa
Dampakk
nega
negatitiff lain
lain adal
adalah
ah melu
meluas
asny
nya
a perj
perjud
udia
ian.
n. Deng
Dengan
an jarin
jaringa
gann yang
yang
ters
tersed
ediaia,, para
para penj
penjud
udii tida
tidakk perl
perlu
u perg
pergii ke temp
tempat
at khus
khusus
us untu
untuk
k
memenuhi keinginannya. Kita hanya perlu menghindari situs seperti
ini, karena umumnya situs perjudian tidak agresif dan memerlukan
banyak persetujuan dari pengunjungnya.
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Gambar-1. 17 : Penggunaan
komputer Gambar-1.18 : Penggunaan komputer
di bidang kesehatan untuk pendidikan
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Dunia
Dunia anak
anak telah
telah lama
lama mengen
mengenal al alat
alat permai
permainannan game
game yang
yang
dikendalikan oleh sistem komputer. Di bidang industri, komputer telah
dipe
diperg
rgun
unak
akan
an untu
untukk meng
mengon
ontro
troll mesi
mesin-
n-me
mesi
sin
n prod
produk
uksi
si deng
denganan
ketepa
ketepatan
tan tinggi
tinggi (misal
(misalnya
nya CNC,
CNC, sebuah
sebuah mesin
mesin serba
serba guna
guna dalam
dalam
indust
industri
ri metal,
metal, Progra
Programm
mmabl
able
e Locic
Locic Contro
Controll er , alat
ller alat otom
otomatatis
isas
asii
industri) sehingga dapat kita jumpai berbagai produk industri logam
yang bervariasi
bervariasi dan kita sulit membayang
membayangkan kan apabila
apabila dikerjakan
dikerjakan
secara
secara manual
manual.. Banyak
Banyak pula
pula mesin-
mesin-mes
mesinin dalam
dalam indust
industri
ri garmen
garmen
dilengkapi dengan kontrol komputer, misalnya perusahaan topi bodir
dapa
dapatt memp
memprorodu
duks
ksii topi
topi deng
dengan
an kual
kualit
itas
as gamb
gambar ar bord
bordir
ir yang
yang
seragam dalam jumlah banyak dalam waktu singkat.
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Rangkuman
Teknologi informasi berkembang pesat seiring dengan penemuan
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untu
untuk k mend
mendap apatatka
kann keut
keutuhuhan
an ilmuilmu dan
dan pengpenget
etah
ahua
uan
n tent
tentan
ang
g
teknologi informasi. Sejarah teknologi dapat kita bagi ke dalam masa
pra-sejarah, masa sejarah, dan masa modern.
Tekno
Teknolog
logii inform
informasi
asi merupa
merupakan kan gabun
gabungangan antara
antara teknol
teknologi
ogi
pera
peran ngkat
kat kera
keras s (hardware) dan perangkat lunak (software).
Pengembangan teknologi hardware cenderung menuju ukuran yang
keci
kecill deng
denganan kema
kemampmpua uann sert
serta a kapa
kapasi
sita
tas
s yang
yang ting
tinggi
gi.. Namu
Namunn
diup
diupayayak
akan
an harg
harga a yang
yang relarelati
tiff sema
semakikin
n mura
murah.h. Perk
Perkem
embabang
ngan
an
teknologi informasi dapat meningkatkan kinerja dan memungkinkan
berbagai kegiatan dapat dilaksanakan dengan cepat, tepat dan akurat
sehing
sehingga ga dapat
dapat mening
meningkat katkan
kan produk
produktiv
tivita
itass kerja.
kerja. Perkem
Perkembanbangan
gan
teknologi
teknologi informasi telah memunculka
memunculkan n berbagai
berbagai jenis kegiatan yang
berbas
berbasis is pada
pada teknol
teknologi
ogi,, sepert
sepertii : e-governm
e-government,ent, e- commerce,
commerce, e-
education, e-medicine, e-laboratory, dan lainnya, yang kesemuanya
itu berbasiskan elektronika.
Teknologi Informasi adalah suatu teknologi yang digunakan untuk
mengol
mengolah ah data,
data, melipu
meliputiti : mempro
memproses ses,, mendap
mendapatkatkan,
an, menyus
menyusun,un,
meny
menyim impapan,
n, mema
memani nipu
pula
lasi
si data
data dengdengan
an berbberbag
agai
ai cara
cara untu
untukk
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pent
pentin
ing.
g. Abad
Abad seka
sekaran
rang,
g, cend
cender
erun
ungg manu
manusi sia
a mend
mendud uduk
ukii temp
tempat
at
sent
entral
ral dalam
alam pros roses prod roduksi
uksi berd
erdasar
sar padaada peng engetah
etahua
uann
(knowl
knowledg
edge based ) dan berfokus pada informasi (information
e based
focused ).
) . Tele
Teleko
komu
muni
nika
kasi
si dan
dan info
inform
rmatatik
ika
a meme
memega gang
ng pera
perana
nann
sebag
ebagai
ai tek
tekn
nolo
ologi kunc
kuncii (enabl
enabler
er techno
technolo gy ).
logy ) . Perk
Perkem
embabang
ngan
an
teknologi informasi yang begitu pesat, memungkinkan diterapkannya diterapkannya
cara-cara yang lebih efisien untuk produksi, distribusi, dan konsumsi
barang
barang dan jasa.jasa. Proses
Proses inilah
inilah yang
yang membaw
membawa a manusi
manusia a ke dalam
dalam
masy
asyarak
arakat
at atautau ekono
konomimi info
inform
rmas
asii seri
sering
ng diseb isebuut sebsebagai
agai
masyar
masyarakaakatt pasca
pasca indust
industri.
ri. Pada
Pada era inform
informasi
asi ini,
ini, jarak
jarak fisik
fisik atau
atau
jarak
jarak geogra
geografis
fis tidak
tidak lagi
lagi menjad
menjadii faktor
faktor penent
penentu u dalam
dalam hubung
hubungan an
antar manusia atau antar lembaga usaha, sehingga dunia ini menjadi
suatu kampung global atau Global Village.
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dite
diteri
rima
ma dan dan dipe
diperg
rgun
unak
akan
an secar
secara
a luas
luas oleh
oleh masy
masyar
arak
akat
at tanp
tanpaa
dirintangi atau dibatasi oleh jarak dan waktu.
Pada
ada tahun 1861 orang sudah memikirkan bagaimana
menampilkan informasi dalam bentuk gambar bergerak dalam media
layar. Masa itu pula gambar bergerak yang peroyeksikan ke dalam
sebu
sebuah
ah laya
layarr untu
untukk yang
yang pert
pertam
amaa kali
kali di guna
gunaka
kan.
n. Pene
Penemu
muan
an ini
ini
merupakan cikal bakal teknologi film sekarang.
Pad
Pada tahu
tahunn 1876
1876 Melv
Melvyl
yl Dewe
Dewey y mengembang
mengembangkan kan sitem
penu
penulilisa
san
n Desi
Desima
mal.
l. Pada
Pada tahu
tahunn 1877
1877 Alexan
Alexander
der Graham
Graham Bell
Bell
mengem
mengemban bangka
gkan
n telepo
teleponn yang
yang diperg
diperguna
unakan
kan secara
secara umum.
umum. Pada
Pada
tahun
tahun itu juga juga fotografi dengan
dengan kecepatan
kecepatan tinggi
tinggi ditemukan
ditemukan oleh
Edweard Maybridge. Pada tahun 1899 telah dipergunakan sistem
Edweard Maybridge
penyimpanan dalam tape (pita) magnetis untuk yang pertama.
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inst
instit
itus
usii dala
dalam
m peme
pemerirint
ntah
ahanan.. kemu
kemudidian
an pada
pada tahu
tahun n 1986
1986 IETF
IETF
meng
mengem embabang
ngka
kann sebu
sebuahah servserverer yang
yang berfberfun
ungsgsii sebsebagai
agai alatalat
koordinasi diantara; DARPA, ARPANET, DDN dan Internet Gateway .
Internet Gateway
Tahun 1991
sistem bisnis dalam bidang IT pertama kali terjadi ketika CERN
dalam menanggulangi biaya operasionalnya dan memungut bayaran
dari para anggotanya.
Tahun 1992 pembentukan komunitas Internet, dan
diperkenalkannya istilah WWW (World Wide Web) oleh CERN. Tahun
1993 NSF membentuk InterNIC untuk menyediakan jasa pelayanan
internet menyangkut direktori dan penyimpanan data serta database
(AT&T)
(AT&T),, jasa
jasa regist
registras
rasii (Netwo
(Network rk Soluti
Solution
on Inc,),
Inc,), dan jasajasa nforma
nformasi si
(Gene
(General
ral Atomics
Atomics/CE
/CERFn
RFnet)et).. Tahun 1994
1994 pertumbu
pertumbuhan han intern
internet
et
melaju dengan sangat cepat dan mulai merambah ke dalam segala
segi
segi kehi
kehidu
dupa
pann manu
manusi sia
a dan
dan menjmenjadadii bagi
bagian
an yang
yang tida tidakk dapa
dapatt
dipisa
dipisahka
hkan n dari manusia
manusia.. Tahun Tahun 1995,
1995, Perusaha
Perusahaan an umumumum mulai
dipe
diperk
rken
enananka
kan
n menj
menjad
adii prov
provid ider
er deng
denganan memb
membel elii jari
jaring
nganan di
backbone langkah
langkah ini memulai
memulai pengembang
pengembangan an teknologi
teknologi informasi
informasi
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Yang termasuk ke dalam kelompok ini adalah: IBM 1401, IBM 7090,
dan ILLIAC-11.
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