JadiBUMN Live Class

English Ability
By
Fanny K Putri
(Bahasa dan Sastra InggrisUPI)

Wednesday, December 28, 2022

Grammar
Check:
Present
Tense & Past
Tense

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Tenses
Apa itu tenses?
Tenses adalah PERUBAHAN KATA KERJA dalam kalimat berdasarkan keterangan WAKTU
dan sifat kejadian. Tenses memberi tahu/memperjelas kapan suatu kejadian berlangsung.
Yang membedakan penggunaan tenses adalah WAKTU kejadian/aksi dalam kalimat. Maka
sangat penting memerhatikan ket waktu yg digunakan.
Pembagian waktu
Kita disini saat berbicara
Kategori waktu

Simple “aja”
Continuous “sedang terjadi” PAST FUTURE
(Masa lalu) (Masa depan)
Perfect “sudah/baru terjadi”
PRESENT
Perfect Continuous “sudah & (Masa kini)
sedang terjadi”
 Tenses: PRESENT
Present tense
Present tenses digunakan untuk kalimat yang menjelaskan kejadian yang Kita disini saat
terjadi pada masa kini. Present tense ini dibagi lagi menjadi 4 kategori: berbicara
• Simple Present (Aksi/keadaan yang merupakan fakta, kebiasaan)
• Present Continuous (Kejadian yang sedang berlangsung di masa kini)
PAST FUTURE
• Present Perfect (Kejadian yang sudah/baru selesai di masa kini)
(Masa depan)
• Present Perfect Continuous (Kejadian yang telah dimulai di masa lalu (Masa lalu) PRESENT
dan terus berlanjut sampai sekarang) (Masa kini)
Simple “aja”
(V1)
Continuous “sedang terjadi”
(to be + V-ing)
Perfect “sudah/baru terjadi”
(have/has + V3)
Perfect Continuous “sudah &
sedang terjadi”
(Have/has + been + V-ing)
1. Simple Present Tense
Digunakan untuk kalimat yang:
• Mengandung fakta
• Kejadiannya berulang (kebiasaan)
• Terjadi saat ini “aja” To Be
Subject
(Present)
Tanda/Keterangan waktu yang dipakai
I am
• Tidak ada Do
• always, every, never, normally, often, You/They/We are
sometimes, usually, seldom (menunjukan
kebiasaan) She/He/It is Does

Pola Kalimat Contoh

Positive S + V1 (s/es) + complement • The earth revolves around the sun

• The earth is livable
Negative S + to be (present) + not + V1 + • The earth doesn’t revolve around the
complement sun
• The earth is not livable
Interrogative To be (present) + S +V1 + • Does the earth revolve around the
complement? sun?
• Is the sun liveable?
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2. Present Continuous Tense
Digunakan untuk kalimat yang:
• Mengandung aksi yang sedang
berlangsung sekarang/di masa kini
Subject To Be (Present)
Tanda/Keterangan waktu yang dipakai
• at the moment, now, right now, Listen!, I am
Look!
You/They/We are

She/He/It is

Pola Kalimat Contoh

Positive S + to be (present) + V-ing + • They are dancing to the music now
complement • I am doing my homework right now
Negative S + to be (present) + not +V-ing • They are not dancing to the music now
complement • I am not doing my homework right now

Interrogative To be (present) + S + V-ing + • Are they dancing to the music now?

complement? • Am I doing my homework now?

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3. Present Perfect Tense
Digunakan untuk kalimat yang:
• Mengandung aksi yang baru saja selesai
atau sudah terjadi
• Penekanan pada hasil/dampak dari
aksi tersebut yang dirasakan sampai Subject Has/Have
saat ini
I
Have
Tanda/Keterangan waktu yang dipakai You/They/We
• already, ever, just, never, not yet, so far,
till now, up to now She/He/It Has

Pola Kalimat Contoh

Positive S + has/have + V3 + complement • He has been ill till now.
• I have just heard the British national anthem
Negative S + has/have + not + V3 + complement • He has not been ill till now.
• I have not just heard the British national
anthem
Interrogative Has/have+ S + V3 + complement? • Has he been ill till now.
• Have I just heard the British national
anthem?
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3. Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Digunakan untuk kalimat yang:
• Mengandung aksi telah dimulai di masa PAST FUTURE
lalu dan terus berlanjut sampai (Masa lalu) PRESENT (Masa depan)
sekarang (Masa kini)
• Biasanya memiliki durasi waktu dan
relevan dengan masa sekarang. Subject Has/Have

I
Tanda/Keterangan waktu yang dipakai Have
• since, for the past…, the whole/all …, for You/They/We

She/He/It Has

Pola Kalimat Contoh

Positive S + has/have + been + V-ing + • I have been working here since 1990.
complement • She has been speaking for the past 3
hours.
Negative S + has/have + not + been + V-ing + • I have not been working here since 1990.
complement • She has not been speaking for the past 3
hours.
Interrogative Has/have+ S + been + V3 + • Have I been working here since 1990?
complement? • Has she been speaking for the past 3
hours?
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 PRESENT (MASA KINI)

Pola Penggunaan Ket. waktu Contoh Kalimat

S + V1 (s/es) Aksi yang terjadi saat ini/
fakta/kebiasaan
Simple
S + to be (present) + V- Aksi yang sedang terjadi
Continuous ing pada masa kini
S + has/have + V3 Aksi yang baru saja selesai
atau sudah terjadi.
Perfect (Penekanan pada
hasil/dampak)
S + has/have + been+ Aksi yang telah dimulai di
V-ing masa lalu dan masih
Perfect berlanjut sampai saat ini.
(biasanya disertai durasi)
Continuous
Always, usually, She studies everyday.
often, seldom, (Dia belajar setiap hari)
never, rarely,
every…
Now, at the She is studying now.
moment, look!, (Dia sedang belajar
listen! sekarang)
already, ever, just, She has already studied.
never, not yet, so (Dia sudah belajar)
far, till now, up to
now
since, for the past…, She has been studying all
the whole/all day, day.
for (Dia sudah sedang belajar
seharian)

To do:
1. Pastikan aksinya terjadi pada MASA KINI (dilihat dari ket waktu atau sifat kejadian)
2. Tentukan masuk kategori simple, continuous, perfect atau perfect continuous?
3. Gunakan perubahan kata kerja yang sesuai dengan pola present
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Latihan Soal:
Present Tense
Latihan Present Tense

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Latihan Present Tense

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Latihan Present Tense

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Latihan Present Tense

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 Tenses: PAST
Past tense
Past tenses digunakan untuk kalimat yang menjelaskan kejadian yang Kita disini saat
terjadi pada masa lalu. Present tense juga ini dibagi lagi menjadi 4 kategori: berbicara
• Simple Past (Kejadian/aksi yg terjadi di masa lalu)
• Past Continuous (aksi yang sedang terjadi di masa lalu) FUTURE
PAST
• Past Perfect (aksi yang terjadi sebelum waktu tertentu di masa lalu)
(Masa lalu) PRESENT (Masa depan)
• Past Perfect Continuous (aksi yang terjadi di masa lalu dan sudah
selesai pada waktu tertentu di masa lalu juga) (Masa kini)
Simple “aja”
(V2)
Continuous “sedang terjadi”
(V-ing)
Perfect “sudah/baru terjadi”
(had + V3)
Perfect Continuous “sudah &
sedang terjadi”
(Had + been + V-ing)
1. Simple Past Tense
Digunakan untuk kalimat yang:
• Mengandung aksi/keadaan yang terjadi Subject To Be (Past)
di masa lalu
I was
Tanda/Keterangan waktu yang dipakai
You/They/We were Did
• yesterday, … minutes ago, in (year), last …,
this …. (Keterangan waktu lampau) She/He/It was

Pola Kalimat Contoh

Positive S + V2 + complement • Last year, He always worked until

night.
• Last year, she was the captain.
Negative S + to be (past) not +V1 • Last year, He did not always work
complement until night.
• Last year, she was not the captain.
Interrogative To be (past) + S +V1 + • Did he always work until night last
complement? year?
• Was she the captain last year?
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2. Past Continuous Tense
Digunakan untuk kalimat yang:
• Mengandung aksi yang sedang terjadi pada PAST FUTURE
waktu tertentu di masa lampau. (Masa lalu) PRESENT (Masa depan)
• Biasanya ada 2 kejadian di masa lalu: satu (Masa kini)
kejadian sedang berlangsung ketika kejadian
lainnya terjadi. Kejadian yang sedang Subject To Be (Past)
berlangsung lah yang menggunakan past
continuous tense. I was
Tanda/Keterangan waktu yang dipakai You/They/We were
• when, while, as long as, at this time yesterday.
She/He/It was

Pola Kalimat Contoh

Positive S + to be (past) + V-ing + complement • I was washing my clothes when the phone
rang.
Negative S + to be (past) + not +V-ing • The phone was not ringing when I washed
complement my clothes.

Interrogative To be (past) + S + V-ing + complement? • Was I washing my clothes when the phone
rang?

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3. Past Perfect Tense
Digunakan untuk kalimat yang:
• Mengandung aksi/kejadian yang sudah terjadi sebelum PAST FUTURE
waktu tertentu di masa lalu. (Masa lalu) PRESENT (Masa depan)
• Biasanya ada 2 kejadian: tenses ini digunakan untuk (Masa kini)
menunjukan kejadian mana yang terlebih dahulu
terjadi diantara dua kejadian tsb. Subject Had
• Menekankan pada fakta bahwa suatu kejadian sudah
terjadi. I

Tanda/Keterangan waktu yang dipakai You/They/We Had

• Before, till…. ago, already, until that day She/He/It

Pola Kalimat Contoh

Positive S + had+ V3 + complement • The baby had cried before her mother came.

Negative S + had+ not + V3 + complement • The mother had not came before the baby
cried.

Interrogative had+ S + V3 + complement? • Had the baby cried before her mother came?

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4. Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Digunakan untuk kalimat yang: PAST FUTURE
• Mengandung aksi yang terjadi di masa (Masa lalu) PRESENT (Masa depan)
lalu dan sudah selesai pada suatu (Masa kini)
waktu tertentu di masa lalu.
• Menekankan pada durasi dari kejadian. Subject Had
• Biasanya digunakan pada reported
speech. I
Tanda/Keterangan waktu yang dipakai You/They/We Had
• For, since, the whole day, all day
She/He/It

Pola Kalimat Contoh

Positive S + had + been + V-ing + • She had been studying math all day.
complement • He told us that his company had been
operating since 1945
Negative S + had + not + been + V-ing + • She had not been studying math all day.
complement • He told us that his company had been
operating since 1945
Interrogative Had + S + been + V3 + complement? • Had she been studying math all day?
• He told us that his company had been
operating since 1945
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 PAST (MASA LALU)

Pola Penggunaan Ket. waktu Contoh Kalimat

Simple S + V2 Aksi/keadaan yang terjadi di masa Yesterday, minutes ago, in I watched the football match
lalu (year), last night, this Monday… yesterday.

Continuous S + to be (past) + V-ing Aksi yang sedang terjadi di masa
lalu.
- Ada 2 aksi:
1) sedang terjadi dan 2) terjadi saat
aksi 1 sedang berlangsung
When, while, as long as, at this
time yesterday.
I was watching the football
match when the earthquake
happened yesterday.
(aku sedang menonton bola
ketika gempa terjadi kemarin)

Perfect S + had + V3 Aksi yang sudah terjadi di masa Before, after, already, until that I had watched the football
lalu. day match before the earthquake
- Ada 2 aksi: happened yesterday.
1) sudah terjadi dan (Aku sudah selesai menonton
2) terjadi saat aksi 1 sudah dimulai.
bola sebelum gempa terjadi
(Menunjukan aksi mana yang lebih
dulu terjadi) kemarin)

Perfect S + had been + V-ing Aksi yang terjadi di masa lalu dan Since, for, by, the whole day, all I have been watching European
Continuous sudah selesai juga di masa lalu. day football match since 1990s.
(Penekanan pada durasi kejadian) (Saya sudah sedang menonton
bola sejak tahun 1990an)

To do:
1. Pastikan aksinya terjadi pada MASA LALU (dilihat dari ket waktu atau sifat kejadian)
2. Tentukan masuk kategori simple, continuous, perfect atau perfect continuous?
3. Gunakan perubahan kata kerja yang sesuai dengan pola past 20
Latihan Soal:
Past Tense
Latihan Past Tense

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Latihan Past Tense

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Latihan Past Tense

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Latihan Past Tense

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 PRESENT (MASA KINI) PAST (MASA LALU)

Pola Penggunaan Ket. Waktu Pola Penggunaan Ket. Waktu

S + V1 Aksi yang terjadi saat Always, usually, S + V2 Aksi/keadaan yang terjadi Yesterday, minutes
ini/ fakta/kebiasaan di masa lalu
Simple (s/es) often, seldom, never, ago, in (year), last
rarely, every… night, this Monday…
S + to be Aksi yang sedang terjadi Now, at the moment, S + to be Aksi yang sedang terjadi di When, while, as long
pada masa kin look!, listen! masa lalu. as, at this time
(present) + (past) + V-ing - Ada 2 aksi:
Continuous V-ing 1) sedang terjadi dan 2) yesterday.
terjadi saat aksi 1 sedang
berlangsung

S+ Aksi yang baru saja already, ever, just, S + had + V3 Aksi yang sudah terjadi di Before, after, already,
selesai atau sudah never, not yet, so far, masa lalu. until that day
has/have + - Ada 2 aksi:
terjadi. (Penekanan pada till now, up to now
V3 hasil/dampak) 1) sudah terjadi dan
Perfect 2) terjadi saat aksi 1 sudah
dimulai.
(Menunjukan aksi mana
yang lebih dulu terjadi)

S+ Aksi yang telah dimulai since, for the past…, S + had been Aksi yang terjadi di masa Since, for, by, the
di masa lalu dan masih the whole/all …, for lalu dan sudah selesai juga whole day, all day
Perfect has/have + V-ing di masa lalu.
berlanjut sampai saat
Continuous been + V- ini. (biasanya disertai (Penekanan pada durasi
ing kejadian)
durasi)

1. Tentukan kalimatnya terjadi di masa lalu atau masa kini?

2. Tentukan kategorinya apakah terjadi saja, sedang terjadi atau sudah selesai?
3. Yang ditekankan pada kalimat ini apa? Apakah dampaknya atau durasinya?
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Latihan Soal:
Present & Past
Tense
No 1
identify one underlined expression that must be changed
for the sentence to be correct.

Henry had been visiting Puerto Rico before he went to St. Thomas last year.
A B C D

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No 2
identify one underlined expression that must be changed
for the sentence to be correct.

Last Monday when I left the house it is raining heavily.

A B C D

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No 3
identify one underlined expression that must be changed
for the sentence to be correct.

He is a very experienced teacher. He taught English for 15 years.

A B C D

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No 3
identify one underlined expression that must be changed
for the sentence to be correct.

I write an exercise now but I shall finish it in some minute.

A B C D

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No 4
identify one underlined expression that must be changed
for the sentence to be correct.

Now, she is resting in the next room after she is doing all the work.
A B C D

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No 5
identify one underlined expression that must be changed
for the sentence to be correct.

They were annoyed since they waited for the instructor for three hours at the gym.
A B C D

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No 7
identify one underlined expression that must be changed
for the sentence to be correct.

He usually is going there by train but this weekend he is going by bus.

A B C D

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No 8
identify one underlined expression that must be changed
for the sentence to be correct.

Two years ago she retires and now she is spending her time visiting friends.
A B C D

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No 9
identify one underlined expression that must be changed
for the sentence to be correct.

I have never been to Cambridge, but I had visited Oxford once in 2018.
A B C D

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No 10
identify one underlined expression that must be changed
for the sentence to be correct.

He didn’t slept well last night though he had spent a hard day before.
A B C D

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No 11
identify one underlined expression that must be changed
for the sentence to be correct.

It is taking him 20 minutes to get to the work everyday.

A B C D

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No 12
identify one underlined expression that must be changed
for the sentence to be correct.

Listen carefully! Someone has been knocking at the door.

A B C D

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No 13
identify one underlined expression that must be changed
for the sentence to be correct.

The landlord is sorry, she just will be so rude towards the tenants.
A B C D

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No 14
identify one underlined expression that must be changed
for the sentence to be correct.

What are you doing at 5 p.m. yesterday at the park?

A B C D

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No 15
identify one underlined expression that must be changed
for the sentence to be correct.

He finished his work neatly before you came last night.

A B C D

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Thank you.
See you on the next session.

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