Present tense, digunakan untuk apa pun yang terjadi saat ini atau untuk
pernyataan umum.
Past tense, digunakan untuk segala sesuatu yang terjadi sebelum momen ini
tepat waktu.
Future tense, tegang digunakan untuk apa pun yang akan terjadi pada suatu
saat nanti daripada sekarang.
A. Present Tenses
o Simple present.
o Present Continuous.
o Present Perfect.
o Present Perfect Continuous.
B. Past Tenses
o Simple Past
o Past Continuous
o Past future.
o Past Perfect
o Past Perfect Continuous
o Past Future Perfect
o Past Future Continuous
o Past Future Perfect Continuous
C. Future Tenses
o Simple future.
o Future continuous
o Future perfect
o Future perfect continuous
1. Positif.
o I live in Bandung.
o He works in the bank.
o Cats eat fish.
2. Negatif.
o I don’t watch television every night
o She doesn’t go to shopping the market every week.
o He don`t sing well.
3. Tanya (Interogatif).
o What do you do?
o Do yo have a car?
o Can you do me a favor?
1. Positif.
o Agnes is speaking to his sister right now.
o Fatin is taking math classes at the university.
o I am working at a office.
2. Negatif.
o I am not listening.
o They are not watching.
o He is not going home.
3. Interogatif (tanya).
o What are You doing these days?
o Are You learning English now?
Is He swimming now?
Bentuk kalimat ini ini juga bisa berfungsi menyatakan suatu peristiwa yang
berpengaruh pada saat ini. Kita dapat mengatakan bahwa present perfect tense adalah
suatu hubungan antara masa lalu dan masa sekarang.
Present perfect dengan kata “ever” sering digunakan dalam kalimat interogatif. Hal ini
juga dapat digunakan dalam kalimat negatif dengan “no body has ever“.
Jika menggunakan “Already” bisa digunakan dalam pernyataan atau kalimat interogatif.
Kata ini bisa ditempatkan sebelum main verb atau past partisiple pada akhir kalimat.
1. Positif.
o I have seen that movie many times.
o The have not slept much recently.
o I have lived in Samarinda for six years.
2. Negatif.
o Ani has not finished his homework yet.
o They have not mastered Japanese.
o The rain hasn’t stopped.
3. interogatif.
o Have you ever met him?
o Has Bill arrived?
o Has the army attacked that city?
1. Kegiatan sementara.
Penggunaan present perfect continuous tense untuk mengungkapkan suatu
pekerjaan atau keadaan yang bersifat sementara.
2. Aktivitas dari dulu berlanjut sampai sekarang.
Present perfect continuous tense bisa digunakan untuk menunjukkan bahwa
suatu aktivitas yang dimulai di masa lalu dan masih berlanjut sampai dengan
sekarang.
3. Pekerjan baru selesai.
Fungsi present perfect continuous juga untuk membicarakan tentang suatu
pekerjan yang dimulai di masa lalu dan baru selesai dilaksanakan.
B. PAST TENSE
1. Positif.
o Budi went to London yesterday.
o She was still single in 2010.
o He congratulated him for the success.
2. Negatif.
o I didn’t like rice before.
o Bambang was not a football player.
o They aren`t worked for Amazon.
3. interogatif.
o Did you eat an egg?
o Did she drink coffee?./li>
o When did you move here?
1. Positif.
o I was eating banana yesterday in the evening.
o Adi was studying English.
o She was swimming in the river.
2. Negatif.
o Ani was not sleeping.
o I wish you were not driving this car.
o We were not getting home.
3. interogatif.
o What was John doing yesterday?
o What were you watching yesterday night?
o What were you doing last week?
C. FUTURE TENSE
1. Positif.
o Metallica had strong feeling that They would perform in Jakarta.
o He said he would pick him up at station yesterday evening.
o I said I would not forgive him.
2. Negatif.
o He said He would not forgive him.
o The window should not be opened.
o I wish that I would not be disturbed.
3. interogatif.
o Would you come to her your party?
o Should It be discovered soon?
o Would He buy a smartphone last year?
Past perfect tense adalah ungkapan untuk menekankan bahwa pekerjaan atau keadaan
di masa lalu sudah selesai dilakukan sebelum pekerjaan lain dimulai di masa lalu.
Interogatif
Had + S + V-3 + O?
1. Positif.
o I had closed the windows before I gone yesterday morning.
o Siti said she had not already seen this film.
o He asked if I had watch Titanic.
2. Negatif.
o The car had not been used for years before we had it repaired.
o She had not called her mother before she left this morning.
o You might have been so tired when you stopped playing.
3. interogatif.
o Had It been proved to be true before I checked it myself?
o Had Zidane disappeared from football since 7 years ago?
o Had you got some water after you took your pill that night?
1. Menunjukkan penyebab.
Gunakan past perfect continuous tense untuk menunjukkan penyebab
peristiwa atau keadaan di masa lalu.
2. Menyatakan pekerjaan yang sedang berlangsung sebelum pekerjaan
lainnya.
Penggunaan past perfect continuous tense juga dapat berfungsi untuk
menyatakan keadaan atau pekerjaan yang sedang berlangsung sebelum
beberapa keadaan atau pekerjaan lain.
“Will” biasanya mengungkapkan janji untuk melakukan sesuatu atau tindakan sukarela.
Kalimat dibentuk dengan rumus simple future: will + verb. Anda dapat mengubahnya
menjadi kalimat negatif dengan menempatkan “not” di antara “will” dan “verb“.
S + will/shall + V-1 + O
Verbal
S + am/is/are + going to + V-1 + O
Positif
S + will/shall + be + C
Nominal
S + is/am/are + going to be + Complement
Will/shall + S + be + C?.
Nominal
is/am/are + S + going to + be + C?.
1. Janji.
Penggunaan simple future tense untuk mengucapkan janji dan sumpah.
2. Perkiraan.
Berfungsi untuk membuat perkiraan berdasarkan pengalaman atau intuisi
kita, seperti kata: believe, feel sure atau suppose. Dengan
mengunakan adverbs: perhaps, possibly atau probably.
3. Acara akan datang.
Digunakan untuk membicarakan tentang peristiwa atau acara yang akan
datang dan kita tidak memiliki pengaruh terhadap peristiwa tersebut.
1. Positif.
o He will send You a letter next week.
o I am going to finish my work in a day.
o My wife will be here tomorrow.
2. Negatif.
o He is not going to spend his vacation in Bali next month.
o I will not call you tomorrow.
o We aren`t going to eat a whole apple together.
3. interogatif.
o Who will help Me finish this homework?
o What are You going to do this month?
o Is He going to drive all the way to Surabaya?
11Future Continuous Tense
Future continuous tense adalah kalimat yang berguna untuk menunjukkan bahwa kita
akan sedang melakukan sesuatu dalam waktu yang ditentukan di masa depan.
1. Rumus Verbal
2. Rumus Nominal
Future perfect tense adalah bentuk kata kerja untuk mengungkapkan keadaan yang akan
berlangsung selama jangka waktu tertentu pada saat yang pasti di masa depan.
Future perfect continuous tense adalah bentuk tense yang digunakan untuk menyatakan
satu kegiatan yang sudah akan dilakukan sebelum jangka waktu tertentu, sebelum atau
hingga batas waktu di masa depan.
S + Will/Shall + Have + Been + V1-ing + O + Since/For I shall have been sleeping under
+ Ket. Waktu the sky since 8 P.M.
S + Will/Shall + not + Have + Been + V1-ing + O + He will have been running with
Since/For + Ket. Waktu his sister for 20 minutes.
Will/Shall + S + Have + Been + V1-ing + O + Will you have been sitting with
Since/For + Ket. Waktu your boyfriend for 1 hours?
1. Positif.
o You will have been playing piano for fifteen years.
o She will have been reading two books for a week.
o At nine o’clock, I shall have been waiting for one hour.
2. Negatif.
o You will not have been playing piano for fifteen years.
o She will not have been reading two books for a week.
o At nine o’clock, I shall not have been waiting for one hour.
3. interogatif.
o Will You have been playing piano for fifteen years?
o Will She have been reading two books for a week?
o Shall I have been waiting for one hour?
Past future perfect tense adalah bentuk kata karja yang berfungsi menyatakan ide atau
aksi di masa lalu dimana aksi tersebut direncanakan, dijanjikan atau sudah
dilaksanakan sebelum waktu tertentu di masa depan dari sudut pandang masa lalu.
Past future perfect tense adalah bentuk lampau dari present future perfect tense.
S + would/should + have + V-3/past She would have seen the car accident on
participle the street.
Would/should + S + have + V-3/past Would She have seen the car accident on
participle? the street?.
Past future perfect continuous tense digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kegiatan yang
sebenarnya (hingga batas waktu tertentu di masa lampau) diperkirakan akan sudah
dilaksanakan selama jangka waktu tertentu pula.
Contoh kalimat past future perfect continuous tense positif, negatif dan interogatif adalah
:
1. Positif.
o She would have been studying at Oxford University for four years
by last year.
o You would have been coming to the theatre for three time with me
by last month.
o I would have been living here for ten years by last June.
2. Negatif.
o She would not have been studying at Oxford University for four
years by last year.
o You would not have been coming to the theatre for three time with
me by last month.
o I would not have been living here for ten years by last June.
3. interogatif.
o Would She have been studying at Oxford University for four years
by last year?
o Would You have been coming to the theatre for three time with me
by last month?
o Would I have been living here for ten years by last June?
Rangkuman
Belajar tenses bahasa Inggris adalah salah satu bagian penting dari
mempelajari grammar karena ini erat kaitannya dengan penggunaan kata
bantu, verb, to be dan kondisi dalam praktek percakapan sehari-hari.
Jumlah keseluruhannya ada enam belas tenses dalam bahasa inggris meskipun kalau di
luar negeri sering disebutkan hanya dua belas tenses bahasa inggris yang sering
digunakan.
Referensi :