Lampiran C Neraca Energi Ok

LAMPIRAN C
PERHITUNGAN NERACA ENERGI
Kapasitas Produksi = 10,000 ton/tahun

= 10,000 ton 1,000 kg 1 tahun
x x
tahun 1 ton 330 hari
1 hari
x
24 jam
= 1,262.6263 kg/jam = 1.2626 ton/jam
Waktu operasi = 330 hari/tahun

Satuan operasi = kJ/jam
o
Suhu referensi = 25.00 C = 298.15 K
Secara umum, dalam perhitungan neraca energi menggunakan persamaan:

Energy out = Energy in + Generation - Consumption - Accumulation
(Sinnot, 2005)
Adapun beberapa persamaan yang digunakan dalam menghitung neraca energi yaitu
sebagai berikut:
1. Perhitungan Beban Panas pada Aliran Masuk dan Aliran Keluar

Adapun persamaan yang digunakan pada perhitungan beban panas aliran masuk dan
aliran keluar yaitu sebagai berikut:
Q = ΔH =
(Smith, 2005)
Q = ΔH =
C-197
2. Perhitungan Kapasitas Panas Masing-masing Komponen
Adapun persamaan yang digunakan pada perhitungan kapasitas masing-masing
komponen yaitu sebagai berikut:
a. Kapasitas Panas Komponen Gas (Cpv)

Perhitungan kapasitas panas komponen gas (Cpv) menggunakan persamaan:
Cpv = A + BT + CT2 + DT3 + ET4

(Yaws, 1999)
Adapun data koefisien regresi pada komponen gas dapat dilihat pada Tabel C.1.
Tabel C.1 Data Koefisien Regresi Komponen Gas

Komponen A B C D E
NH3 3.3573E+01 -1.2581E-02 8.8906E-05 -7.1783E-08 1.8569E-11
H2 O 3.3933E+01 -8.4186E-03 2.9906E-05 -1.7825E-08 3.6934E-12
SO3 2.2466E+01 1.1981E-01 -9.0842E-05 2.5503E-08 -7.9208E-13
MgO 2.7851E+01 1.5354E-02 -7.8027E-06 1.5797E-09 -1.1030E-13
Al2O3 - - - - -
F2 2.7408E+01 1.2928E-02 7.0701E-06 -1.6302E-08 5.9789E-12
Cl2 2.7213E+01 3.0426E-02 -3.3353E-05 1.5961E-06 -2.7021E-12
(Yaws, 1999)
b. Panas Penguapan
Perhitungan panas penguapan dengan menggunakan persamaan Riedel, yaitu:
ln Pc - 1.0130
ΔHvb = 1.093 x R x Tc x [ Tbr x ]
0.9300 - Tbr
(Reid, 1987)
Hasil perhitungan nilai ΔHvb masing-masing komponen dapat dilihat pada Tabel C.2.
C-198
Tabel C.2 Data Perhitungan ΔHvb
*Tc *Pc Titik didih Tbr ΔHvb
Komponen
(K) (bar) (K) (Titik didih/Tc (kJ/kmol)
NH3 405.6500 112.7800 239.7200 0.5910 23,852.4837
H2 O 647.1300 220.5500 373.1500 0.5766 42,059.0122
SO3 490.8500 82.0700 317.9000 0.6477 34,731.3079
MgO 5,950.0000 33.9100 3,873.2000 0.6510 316,684.6753
Al2O3 5,335.0000 1,953.2000 3,253.1500 0.6098 605,985.9381
F2 144.3100 52.1500 84.9500 0.5887 6,651.5665
Cl2 417.1500 77.1100 239.1200 0.5732 20,294.7949
(Yaws, 1999)
c. Kapasitas Panas Komponen Cair (CpL)

Perhitungan kapasitas panas komponen cair (CpL) menggunakan persamaan:
CpL = A + BT + CT2 + DT3

(Yaws, 1999)
Adapun data koefisien regresi pada komponen cair dapat dilihat pada Tabel C.3.
Tabel C.3 Data Koefisien Regresi Komponen Cair

Komponen A B C D
NH3 -1.8216.E+02 3.3618.E+00 -1.4398.E-02 2.0371.E-05
H3PO4 7.0240E-01 0.0000E+00 0.0000E+00 0.0000E+00
H2 O 9.2053.E+01 -3.9953.E-02 -2.1103.E-04 5.3469.E-07
MgO 6.0224E+02 -3.6437E-01 7.5796E-05 -4.4385E-09
Al2O3 4.0125E+02 -1.7736E-01 4.5180E-05 -3.0999E-09
(Yaws, 1999)
c. Kapasitas Panas Komponen Padat (Cps)

Perhitungan kapasitas panas komponen padat (Cps) menggunakan persamaan:
CpL = A + BT + CT2
C-199
(Yaws, 1999)
Adapun data koefisien regresi pada komponen padat dapat dilihat pada Tabel C.4.
Tabel C.4 Data Koefisien Regresi Komponen Padat
Komponen A B C
NH3 1.5849.E+01 1.4204.E-01 -9.4648.E-05
H2 O 9.6950.E+00 7.4955.E-02 -5.5840.E-05
SO3 6.7647E+01 2.1122E-01 8.8025E-04
MgO 1.0461E+01 1.1153E-01 -8.0123E-05
Al2O3 -8.1210E+00 3.8687E-01 -3.1623E-04
Cl2 3.7173E+01 7.3016E-02 -1.69560E-05
F2 1.7167E+01 5.1968E-01 -6.0949E-04
(Yaws, 1999)
3. Estimasi Cp dengan Metode Hurst dan Harrison

Perhitungan estimasi kapasitas panas padatan menggunakan metode Hurst dan
Harrison dapat ditentukan dengan persamaan:
Cp = Σ ni ΔE
(Perry, 1999)
Dimana nilai kontribusi elemen atom dapat dilihat pada tabel C.5 berikut.
Tabel C.5 Kontribusi Unsur dan Gugus untuk Estimasi Cp
Nilai Kontribusi
ΔE (kJ/kmol.K)
Atom
H 7.56
N 18.74
O 13.42
Ca 28.25
Fe 29.08
P 26.63
(Perry, 1999)
C-200
Berdasarkan persamaan diatas, maka kapasitas panas padatan pada suhu 298,15 K
adalah sebagai berikut.
Tabel C.6 Kapasitas Panas Padatan pada 298,15 K
Komponen Cp (kJ/kmol.K)
CaO 41.6700
Fe2O3 98.4200
NH4H2PO4 144.4100
(NH4)2HPO4 185.8300
4. Perhitungan Panas Reaksi

Panas reaksi dapat dihitung dengan menggunakan persamaan:
ΔHr,T = ΔH0r + ΔHproduk - ΔHreaktan

(Sinnot, 2005)
Tabel C.7 ΔH Komponen pada Keadaan Standar
ΔH Komponen pada ΔH Komponen pada

Komponen Keadaan Standar 25oC Keadaan Standar 25oC
(kcal/mol) (kJ/kmol)
NH3 (g) -10.9600 -45.8566

H3PO4 (aq) -309.3200 -1294.1949
H2O (l) -68.3174 -285.8400
SO3 (l) -103.0300 -431.0775
CaO (c) -151.7000 -634.7128
MgO (c) -143.8400 -601.8266
Fe2O3 (c) -198.5000 -830.5240
F2 (g) 0 0
Cl2 (g) 0 0
NH4H2PO4 -399.3786 -1671.0001
(NH4)2HPO4 -72.0500 -301.4572
(Yaws, 1999)
C-201
5. Spesifikasi Steam dan Air Pendingin
Tabel C.8 Data Steam dan Air Pendingin yang Digunakan

P T Hi λ
Komponen
o
(atm) ( C) (kJ/kg) (kJ/kg)
Saturated Steam 4.6958 150.00 - 2,114.30
Saturated Steam 8,581 300.00 - 1,405.00
Air Pendingin Masuk 1.00 30.00 125.7900 -
Air Pendingin Keluar 1.00 45.00 188.4500 -
(Geankoplis, 1999)
Tabel C.9 Tekanan Uap Murni

Komponen A B C D E
NH3 3.7158.E+01 -2.0277.E+03 -1.1601.E+01 7.4625.E-03 -9.5811.E-12
H2O 2.9861.E+01 -3.1522.E+03 -7.3037.E+00 2.4247.E-09 1.8090.E-06
SO3 1.1405.E+02 -6.4619.E+03 -3.6784.E+01 -1.7530.E-07 1.1919.E-05
MgO -4.1273.E+01 -1.4025.E+04 1.5392.E+01 -2.3614.E-03 1.1265.E-07
Al2O3 1.4161.E+01 -2.8238.E+04 -7.3843.E-01 -3.7413.E-07 2.2086.E-12
F2 2.7141.E+01 -5.7201.E+02 -1.0015.E+01 2.1078.E-02 8.9567.E-13
Cl2 2.8866.E+01 -1.6745.E+03 -8.5216.E+00 5.3792.E-03 -7.7867.E-13
(Yaws, 1999)
C-202
C.1 Neraca Energi Refrigerant Tangki Penyimpanan Amoniak
C.1.1 Neraca Energi Masuk (Qin)
Kondisi Operasi:
Tin = -33.35 oC = 239.80 K
o
Tref = 25.00 C = 298.15 K
Pin = 12.0 atm
1. NH3
Massa = 271.3942 kg/jam
271.3942 kg/jam
n =
17.0307 kg/kmol
= 15.9356 kmol/jam
Cp dT = A + BT + CT2 + DT3
= + + +
3.3618E+00
= ########## x ( 239.80 - 298.15 ) + x ( 239.80
2
2 -1.4398E-02 3
- 298.15 ) + x ( 239.80 - 298.15 )
3
2.0371E-05 4
+ x ( 239.80 - 298.15 )
4
= -4,517.1698 kJ/kmol
2. H2O
1.3638 kg/jam
n =
18.0154 kg/kmol
= 0.0757 kmol/jam
C-203
= + + +
-3.9953E-02
= 9.2053E+01 x ( 239.80 - 298.15 ) + x ( 239.80
2
2 -2.1103E-04 3
- 298.15 ) + x ( 239.80 - 298.15 ) +
3
5.3469E-07 4
x ( 239.80 - 298.15 )
4
= -4,464.1587 kJ/kmol
Neraca Energi Aliran Masuk Refrigerant Tangki Penyimpanan Amoniak

Massa BM ni Cp dT Qin
Komponen xi
(kg/jam) (kg/kmol) (kmol/jam) (kJ/kmol) (kJ/jam)
NH₃ 271.3942 17.0307 15.9356 0.9953 -4,517.1698 -71,983.7516
H₂O 1.3638 18.0154 0.0757 0.0047 -4,464.1587 -337.9428
Total 272.7580 16.0113 1.0000 -8,981.3285 -72,321.6944
C.1.2 Neraca Energi Keluar (Qout)
Kondisi Operasi:
Tout = -36.00 oC = 237.15 K
Tref = 25.00 oC = 298.15 K
Pout = 12.0 atm
1. NH3
271.3942 kg/jam
n =
17.0307 kg/kmol
= 15.9356 kmol/jam
= + + +
C-204
3.3618E+00
= -1.8216E+02 x ( 237.15 - 298.15 ) +
2
x ( 237.15
2 -1.4398E-02 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 237.15 - 298.15 ) +
2.0371E-05 4
4
x ( 237.15 - 298.15 )
= -4,721.2303 kJ/kmol
2. H2O
1.3638 kg/jam
n =
18.0154 kg/kmol
= 0.0757 kmol/jam
= + + +
-3.9953E-02
= 9.2053E+01 x ( 237.15 - 298.15 ) +
2
x ( 237.15
2 -2.1103E-04 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 237.15 - 298.15 ) +
5.3469E-07 4
4
x ( 237.15 - 298.15 )
= -4,670.2638 kJ/kmol
Neraca Energi Aliran Keluar Refrigerant Tangki Penyimpanan Amoniak

Massa BM ni Cp dT Qout
Komponen xi
NH₃ 271.3942 17.0307 15.9356 0.9953 -4,721.2303 -75,235.5764
H₂O 1.3638 18.0154 0.0757 0.0047 -4,670.2638 -353.5452
Total 272.7580 16.0113 1.0000 -9,391.4942 -75,589.1216
Menghitung kebutuhan refrigerant
C-205
Qref = Qout - Qin
= -75,589.12 kJ/jam- -72,321.69 kJ/jam
= -3,267.4273 kJ/jam
Tabel C.10 Neraca Energi Refrigerant Tangki Penyimpanan Amonia

Masuk Keluar
Komponen
Q4x Q4
NH3 -71,983.7516 -75,235.5764
H2 O -337.9428 -353.5452
Qref -3,267.4273 0
Total -75,589.1216 -75,589.1216
C.2 Neraca Energi Vaporizer I
Kondisi Operasi:
Tin = -36.00 oC = 237.15 K
o
Tref = 25.00 C = 298.15 K
Pin = 12.0 atm
1. NH3
271.3942 kg/jam
n =
17.0307 kg/kmol
= 15.9356 kmol/jam
= + + +
3.3618E+00
= -1.8216E+02 x ( 237.15 - 298.15 )+ 2
x ( 237.15
C-206
2 -1.4398E-02 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 237.15 - 298.15 ) +
2.0371E-05 4
4
x ( 237.15 - 298.15 )
= -4,721.2303 kJ/kmol
2. H2O
1.3638 kg/jam
n =
18.0154 kg/kmol
= 0.0757 kmol/jam
= + + +
-3.9953E-02
= 9.2053E+01 x ( 237.15 - 298.15 )+ 2
x ( 237.15
2 -2.1103E-04 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 237.15 - 298.15 ) +
5.3469E-07 4
4
x ( 237.15 - 298.15 )
= -4,670.2638 kJ/kmol
Neraca Energi Aliran Masuk Vaporizer I

Komponen xi
NH₃ 271.3942 17.0307 15.9356 0.9953 -4,721.2303 -75,235.5764
H₂O 1.3638 18.0154 0.0757 0.0047 -4,670.2638 -353.5452
Total 272.7580 16.0113 1.0000 -9,391.4942 -75,589.1216
Menentukan suhu keluaran vaporizer dengan cara:

1. Menentukan kondisi bubble point
Kondisi operasi: P = 12.0 atm = 9,120.03 mmHg
C-207
Suhu operasi (T bubble ) vaporizer 1 = 32 °C = 305 K (trial error)
Tabel C.11 Tekanan Uap Murni Masing-masing Komponen

Komponen A B C D E
NH3 3.7158.E+01 -2.0277.E+03 -1.1601.E+01 7.4625.E-03 -9.5811.E-12
H2O 2.9861.E+01 -3.1522.E+03 -7.3037.E+00 2.4247.E-09 1.8090.E-06
(Yaws, 1999)
Σyi
= 1
(Ki.Xi)
Tabel C.12 Perhitungan Suhu Bubble Vaporizer I
Pisat Ki n
Komponen yi (Ki.Xi) Xi
(mmHg) Pisat/P (kmol/jam)
NH3 9.1704.E+03 1.0055.E+00 1.0008.E+00 15.9356 0.9953
H2 O 3.5001.E+01 3.8378.E-03 1.8145.E-05 0.0757 0.0047
Total 1 16.0113 1
2. Menentukan kondisi dew point

Suhu operasi (T dew ) vaporizer 1= 52 °C = 325 K (trial error)
ΣXi
= 1 (Coulson, 1999. Pers.11.5 Hal.395)
(yi.Ki)
Tabel C.13 Perhitungan Suhu Dew Vaporizer I

n Pisat Ki
Komponen yi Xi (yi/Ki)
sat
(kmol/jam) (mmHg) Pi /P
NH3 15.9356 0.9953 15,893.1230 1.7427 5.7112.E-01
H2 O 0.0757 0.0047 100.5376 0.0110 4.2889.E-01
Total 16.0113 1 1
Suhu keluaran vaporizer merupakan suhu pada kondisi operasinya yaitu pada kondisi
bubble point, Tout vaporizer = 32 °C (325 K).
C-208
1. Panas Laten Penguapan (ΔHv)
Tabel C.14 Panas Penguapan pada Titik Didih Normal
ΔHv
Komponen Tb (K) Tc (K)
(kJ/kmol)
NH3 239.72 405.65 23,852.4837

H2 O 373.15 647.13 42,059.0122
(Yaws, 1999 Hal.7)
Untuk menghitung entalpi panas penguapan (ΔH v) digunakan Persamaan Watson:

ΔH2 1 - Tr2 0.38
ΔH1
= ( 1 - Tr1 )
(Pers. 4.13 Smith Van Ness, 2005)
1 - Tr2 0.38
ΔH2 = ΔH1 ( 1 - Tr1 )
dimana: ΔH1 = Panas laten penguapan pada titik didih normal (kJ/kmol)
ΔH2 = Panas laten penguapan pada suhu T2 (kJ/kmol)
Tr2 = T2/Tc (K)
Tr1 = T1/Tc (K)
T1 = Titik diidih normal komponen (K)
T2 = Suhu tertentu
= Tdew = 51.66 °C = 324.81 K
1. NH3
1 - Tr2 0.38
ΔH2 = ΔH1 ( 1 - Tr1 )
1 - 324.81 / 405.65 0.38
= 23,852.4837 x ( 1 - 239.72 / 405.65 )
= 18,149.6565 kJ/kmol
ΔHv = n x ΔH2
C-209
= 15.9356 kmol/jamx 18,149.6565 kJ/kmol
= 289,225.4291 kJ/jam
2. H2O
1 - Tr2 0.38
ΔH2 = ΔH1 ( 1 - Tr1 )
1 - 324.81 / 647.13 0.38
= 42,059.0122 x ( 1 - 373.15 / 647.13 )
= 44,738.0585 kJ/kmol
ΔHv = n x ΔH2
= 0.0757 kmol/jam x 44,738.0585 kJ/kmol
= 3,386.7310 kJ/jam
Qv = 289,225.43 kJ/jam + 3,386.7310 kJ/jam

= 292,612.16 kJ/jam
2. Panas Sensibel Gas Keluar

Kondisi operasi: Tbubble = 32 °C = 305 K
Tin = -36 °C = 237 K
1. NH3
271.3942 kg/jam
n =
17.0307 kg/kmol
= 15.9356 kmol/jam
Cp dT = A + BT + CT2 + DT3 + ET4
= + + + +
-1.2581E-02
= 3.3573E+01 x ( 304.80 - 237.15 )+ 2
x ( 304.80
C-210
2 8.8906E-05 3
- 237.15 ) +
3
x ( 304.80 - 237.15 ) +
-7.1783E-08 4 1.8569E-11
4
x ( 304.80 - 237.15 ) +
5
x
5
( 304.80 - 237.15 )
= 2,393.1881 kJ/kmol
2. H2O
1.3638 kg/jam
n =
18.0154 kg/kmol
= 0.0757 kmol/jam
= + + + +
-8.42E-03
= 3.39E+01 x ( 304.80 - 237.15 ) +
2
x ( 304.80 -
2 2.99E-05 3 -1.78E-08
237.15 ) +
3
x ( 304.80 - 237.15 ) +
4
4 3.69E-12
x ( 304.80 - 237.15 ) +
5
x ( 304.80 -
5
237.15 )
= 2,267.4259 kJ/kmol
Neraca Energi Aliran Keluar Vaporizer I

Komponen xi
NH₃ 271.3942 17.0307 15.9356 0.9953 2,393.1881 38,136.8576
H₂O 1.3638 18.0154 0.0757 0.0047 2,267.4259 171.6484
Total 272.7580 16.0113 1.0000 4,660.6141 38,308.5060
C-211
Panas yang dibutuhkan oleh pemanas, Qs:
Qs = ( Q6 + Q6a ) - Q5
= ( 38,308.5060 + 292,612.1601 ) kJ/jam - -75,589.1216 kJ/jam
= 406,509.7878 kJ/jam
Steam yang digunakan adalah saturated steam pada temperatur 150˚C dengan tekanan
475.8 kPa. Dari steam table Geankoplis, 2005 diperoleh:
λ = Hv - Hl
= 2,746.5 kJ/kg- 632.20 kJ/kg
= 2,114.3 kJ/kg
Qsteam
msteam =
λ
406,509.7878 kJ/jam
=
2,114.3 kJ/kg
= 192.2668 kg/jam
Tabel C.15 Neraca Energi Vaporizer I

Masuk Keluar
Komponen
Q5 Q6
NH3 -75,235.5764 38,136.8576
H2 O -353.5452 171.6484
Q penguapan, Qv - 292,612.160
Q steam, Qs 406,509.7878 -
Total 330,920.6661 330,920.6661
C.3 Neraca Energi Heater I
Kondisi Operasi:
o
Tin = 31 C = 304.63 K
o
Tref = 25.00 C = 298.15 K
Pin = 1 atm
C-212
1. NH3
271.3942 kg/jam
n =
17.0307 kg/kmol
= 15.9356 kmol/jam
= + + + +
-1.2581E-02
= 3.3573E+01 x ( 304.63 - 298.15 )+ 2
x ( 304.63
2 8.8906E-05 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 304.63 - 298.15 ) +
-7.1783E-08 4 1.86E-11
4
x ( 304.63 - 298.15 ) +
5
x
5
( 304.63 - 298.15 )
= 233.6833 kJ/kmol
2. H2O
1.3638 kg/jam
n =
18.0154 kg/kmol
= 0.0757 kmol/jam
= + + + +
-8.4186E-03
= 3.3933E+01 x ( 304.63 - 298.15 )+ 2
x ( 304.63
2 2.9906E-05 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 304.63 - 298.15 ) +
C-213
-1.7825E-08 4 3.69E-12
4
x ( 304.63 - 298.15 ) +
5
x
5
( 304.63 - 298.15 )
= 218.1860 kJ/kmol
Neraca Energi Aliran Masuk Heater I

Komponen xi
NH₃ 271.3942 17.0307 15.9356 0.9953 233.6833 3,723.8809
H₂O 1.3638 18.0154 0.0757 0.0047 218.1860 16.5171
Total 272.7580 16.0113 1.0000 451.8693 3,740.3980
Kondisi Operasi:
Tout = 160.00 oC = 433.15 K
o
Tref = 25.00 C = 298.15 K
Pout = 1 atm
1. NH3
271.3942 kg/jam
n =
17.0307 kg/kmol
= 15.9356 kmol/jam
= + + + +
-1.2581E-02
= 3.3573E+01 x ( 433.15 - 298.15 )+ 2
x ( 433.15
2 8.8906E-05 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 433.15 - 298.15 ) +
C-214
-7.1783E-08 4 1.8569E-11
x ( 433.15 - 298.15 ) + x
4 5
5
( 433.15 - 298.15 )
= 5,092.2364 kJ/kmol
2. H2O
1.3638 kg/jam
n =
18.0154 kg/kmol
= 0.0757 kmol/jam
= + + + +
-8.4186E-03
= 3.3933E+01 x ( 433.15 - 298.15 )+ 2
x ( 433.15
2 2.9906E-05 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ) 433.15 - 298.15 ) +
-1.7825E-08 4 3.6934E-12
4
x ( 433.15 - 298.15 ) +
5
x
5
( 433.15 - 298.15 )
= 4,599.1816 kJ/kmol
Neraca Energi Aliran Keluar Heater I

Komponen xi
NH₃ 271.3942 17.0307 15.9356 0.9953 5,092.2364 81,147.7763
H₂O 1.3638 18.0154 0.0757 0.0047 4,599.1816 348.1668
Total 272.7580 16.0113 1.0000 9,691.4180 81,495.9431
Menghitung kebutuhan steam
C-215
Qsteam = Qout - Qin
= 81,495.9431 kJ/jam - 3,740.3980 kJ/jam
= 77,755.5451 kJ/jam
λ = Hv - HL
= 2,746.5 kJ/kg - 632.2 kJ/kg
= 2,114.3 kJ/kg
Qsteam
msteam =
λ
77,755.5451 kJ/jam
=
2,114.30 kJ/kg
= 36.7760 kg/jam
Tabel C.16 Neraca Energi Heater I

Masuk Keluar
Komponen
Q8 Q9
NH3 3,723.8809 81,147.7763
H2 O 16.5171 348.1668
Qsteam 77,755.5451 0
Total 81,495.9431 81,495.9431
C.4 Neraca Energi Heater II
Kondisi Operasi:
o
Tin = 30 C = 303.15 K
o
Tref = 25.00 C = 298.15 K
Pin = 4.47 atm
1. H3PO4
C-216
1,561.5953 kg/jam
n =
97.9954 kg/kmol
= 15.9354 kmol/jam
= + + +
0.00E+00
= 7.0240E-01 x ( 303.15 - 298.15 )+ 2
x ( 303.15 -
2 0.00E+00 3 0.00E+00
298.15 ) +
3
x ( 303.15 298.15 ) +
4
x
4
( 303.15 - 298.15 )
= 3.5120 kJ/kmol
2. H2O
Massa = 1,269.8893 kg/jam
1,269.8893 kg/jam
n =
18.0154 kg/kmol
= 70.4891 kmol/jam
= + + +
-3.9953E-02
= 9.2053E+01 x ( 303.15 - 298.15 )+ 2
x ( 303.15
2 -2.1103E-04 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 303.15 - 298.15 ) +
5.3469E-07 4
4
x ( 303.15 - 298.15 )
= 377.4864 kJ/kmol
C-217
3. SO3
124.9276 kg/jam
n =
80.0622 kg/kmol
= 1.5604 kmol/jam
Cp dT = A + BT + CT2
= + +
2.1122E-01
= 6.7647E+01 x ( 303.15 - 298.15 )+ 2
x ( 303.15
2 8.8025E-04 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 303.15 - 298.15 )
= 1,053.5915 kJ/kmol
4. CaO
21.8623 kg/jam
n =
56.0794 kg/kmol
= 0.3898 kmol/jam
Cp dT = Cp x ( T - Tref )
= 41.6700 kJ/kmol.K x ( 303.15 - 298.15 ) K
= 208.3500 kJ/kmol
5. MgO
53.0942 kg/jam
n =
44.3114 kg/kmol
= 1.1982 kmol/jam
=
+ +
C-218
1.1153E-01
= 1.0461E+01 x ( 303.15 - 298.15 ) +
2
x ( 303.15
2 -8.0123E-05 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 303.15 - 298.15 )
= 183.7499 kJ/kmol
6. Fe2O3
18.7391 kg/jam
n =
159.6922 kg/kmol
= 0.1173 kmol/jam
= 98.4200 kJ/kmol.K x ( 303.15 - 298.15 ) K
= 492.1000 kJ/kmol
7. Al2O3
40.6015 kg/jam
n =
101.9612 kg/kmol
= 0.3982 kmol/jam
= + +
3.8687E-01
= -8.1210E+00 x ( 303.15 - 298.15 )+ 2
x ( 303.15
2 -3.1623E-04 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 303.15 - 298.15 )
= 398.0332 kJ/kmol
8. Cl
C-219
1.2493 kg/jam
n =
35.4530 kg/kmol
= 0.0352 kmol/jam
= + +
7.3016E-02
= 3.7173E+01 x ( 303.15 - 298.15 ) + x ( 303.15
2
2 -1.6956E-05 3
- 298.15 ) + x ( 303.15 - 298.15 )
3
= 287.9628 kJ/kmol
9. F
31.2319 kg/jam
n =
18.9984 kg/kmol
= 1.6439 kmol/jam
= + +
5.1968E-01
= 1.7167E+01 x ( 303.15 - 298.15 )+ 2
x ( 303.15
2 -6.0949E-04 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 303.15 - 298.15 )
= 591.5773 kJ/kmol
Neraca Energi Aliran Masuk Heater II

Komponen xi
H3PO4 1,561.5953 97.9954 15.9354 0.1736 3.5120 55.9651
H2 O 1,269.8893 18.0154 70.4891 0.7681 377.4864 26,608.6746
C-220
SO3 124.9276 80.0622 1.5604 0.0170 1,053.5915 1,644.0050
CaO 21.8623 56.0794 0.3898 0.0042 208.3500 81.2243
MgO 53.0942 44.3114 1.1982 0.0131 183.7499 220.1703
Fe2O3 18.7391 159.6922 0.1173 0.0013 492.1000 57.7455
Al2O3 40.6015 101.9612 0.3982 0.0043 398.0332 158.4990
Cl 1.2493 1.2493 0.0352 0.0004 287.9628 10.1473
F 31.2319 18.9984 1.6439 0.0179 591.5773 972.5074
Total 3,123.1905 91.7676 1.0000 3,596.3631 29,808.9384
Kondisi Operasi:
Tout = 160.00 oC = 433.15 K
o
Tref = 25.00 C = 298.15 K
Pin = 4.47 atm
1. H3PO4
1,561.60 kg/jam
n =
97.9954 kg/kmol
= 15.9354 kmol/jam
= + + +
0.00E+00
= 7.0240E-01 x ( 433.15 - 298.15 )+ 2
x ( 433.15 -
2 0.00E+00 3 0.00E+00
298.15 ) +
3
x ( 433.15 298.15 ) +
4
x
4
( 433.15 - 298.15 )
= 94.8240 kJ/kmol
C-221
2. H2O
1,269.8893 kg/jam
n =
18.0154 kg/kmol
= 70.4891 kmol/jam
= + + +
-3.9953E-02
= 9.2053E+01 x ( 433.15 - 298.15 )+ 2
x ( 433.15
2 -2.1103E-04 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 433.15 - 298.15 ) +
5.3469E-07 4
4
x ( 433.15 - 298.15 )
= 10,251.8150 kJ/kmol
3. SO3
124.9276 kg/jam
n =
80.0622 kg/kmol
= 1.5604 kmol/jam
= + +
2.1122E-01
= 6.7647E+01 x ( 433.15 - 298.15 )+ 2
x ( 433.15
2 8.8025E-04 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 433.15 - 298.15 )
= 35,627.2870 kJ/kmol
C-222
4. CaO
n = 21.8623 kg/jam
56.0794 kg/kmol
= 0.3898 kmol/jam
= 41.6700 kJ/kmol.K x ( 433.15 - 298.15 ) K
= 5,625.4500 kJ/kmol
5. MgO
53.0942 kg/jam
n =
44.3114 kg/kmol
= 1.1982 kmol/jam
= + +
1.1153E-01
= 1.0461E+01 x ( 433.15 - 298.15 )+ 2
x ( 433.15
2 -8.0123E-05 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 433.15 - 298.15 )
= 5,455.0555 kJ/kmol
6. Fe2O3
18.7391 kg/jam
n =
159.6922 kg/kmol
= 0.1173 kmol/jam
= 98.4200 kJ/kmol.K x ( 433.15 - 298.15 ) K
= 13,286.7000 kJ/kmol
C-223
7. Al2O3
40.6015 kg/jam
n =
101.9612 kg/kmol
= 0.3982 kmol/jam
= + +
3.8687E-01
= -8.1210E+00 x ( 433.15 - 298.15 )+ 2
x ( 433.15
2 -3.1623E-04 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 433.15 - 298.15 )
= 12,228.0050 kJ/kmol
8. Cl
n = 1.2493 kg/jam
35.4530 kg/kmol
= 0.0352 kmol/jam
= + +
7.3016E-02
= 3.7173E+01 x ( 433.15 - 298.15 )+ 2
x ( 433.15
2 -1.6956E-05 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 433.15 - 298.15 )
= 8,313.1019 kJ/kmol
9. F
C-224
31.2319 kg/jam
n =
18.9984 kg/kmol
= 1.6439 kmol/jam
= + +
5.1968E-01
= 1.7167E+01 x ( 433.15 - 298.15 )+ 2
x ( 433.15
2 -6.0949E-04 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 433.15 - 298.15 )
= 16,844.4310 kJ/kmol
Neraca Energi Aliran Keluar Heater II

Komponen xi
H3PO4 1,561.5953 97.9954 15.9354 0.1736 94.8240 1,511.0578
H2 O 1,269.8893 18.0154 70.4891 0.7681 10,251.8150 722,641.1930
SO3 124.9276 80.0622 1.5604 0.0170 35,627.2870 55,592.1703
CaO 21.8623 56.0794 0.3898 0.0042 5,625.4500 2,193.0562
MgO 53.0942 44.3114 1.1982 0.0131 5,455.0555 6,536.2821
Fe2O3 18.7391 159.6922 0.1173 0.0013 13,286.7000 1,559.1294
Al2O3 40.6015 101.9612 0.3982 0.0043 12,228.0050 4,869.2576
Cl 1.2493 1.2493 0.0352 0.0004 8,313.1019 292.9388
F 31.2319 18.9984 1.6439 0.0179 16,844.4310 27,690.9417
Total 3,123.1905 91.7676 1.0000 107,726.6694 822,886.0267

Qsteam = Qout - Qin
= 822,886.0267 kJ/jam - 29,808.9384 kJ/jam
= 793,077.0883 kJ/jam
C-225
λ = Hv - HL
= 2,746.5 kJ/kg - 632.2 kJ/kg
= 2,114.3 kJ/kg
Qsteam
msteam =
λ
793,077.0883 kJ/jam
=
2,114.30 kJ/kg
= 375.1015 kg/jam
Tabel C.17 Neraca Energi Heater II

Masuk Keluar
Komponen
Q2 Q3
H3PO4 55.9651 1,511.0578
H2 O 26,608.6746 722,641.1930
SO3 1,644.0050 55,592.1703
CaO 81.2243 2,193.0562
MgO 220.1703 6,536.2821
Fe2O3 57.7455 1,559.1294
Al2O3 158.4990 4,869.2576
Cl 10.1473 292.9388
F 972.5074 27,690.9417
Qsteam 793,077.0883 0
Total 822,886.0267 822,886.0267
C.5 Neraca Energi Reaktor
Reaksi:
NH3 + H3PO4 NH4H2PO4
C-226
Kondisi Operasi:
Tin = 160.00 oC = 433.15 K
o
Tref = 25.00 C = 298.15 K
Pin = 4.47 atm
Qin = Q9 + Q3 + air proses

= (Qout Heater 1) + (Qout Heater 2)+ air proses
1. H2O
1,446.1171 kg/jam
n =
18.0154 kg/kmol
= 80.2712 kmol/jam
= + + +
-3.9953E-02
= 9.2053E+01 x ( 433.15 - 298.15 ) +
2
x ( 433.15
2 -2.1103E-04 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 433.15 - 298.15 ) +
5.3469E-07 4
4
x ( 433.15 - 298.15 )
= 10,251.8150 kJ/kmol
Neraca Energi Aliran Masuk Reaktor

Komponen xi
NH3 271.3942 17.0307 15.9356 0.1356 5,092.2364 81,147.7763
H3PO4 1,561.5953 97.9954 15.9354 0.1356 94.8240 1,511.0578
H2 O 1,446.1171 18.0154 80.2712 0.6832 10,251.8150 822,925.1333
SO3 124.9276 80.0622 1.5604 0.0133 35,627.2870 55,592.1703
CaO 21.8623 56.0794 0.3898 0.0033 5,625.4500 2,193.0562
C-227
MgO 53.0942 44.3114 1.1982 0.0102 5,455.0555 6,536.2821
Fe2O3 18.7391 159.6922 0.1173 0.0010 13,286.7000 1,559.1294
Al2O3 40.6015 101.9612 0.3982 0.0034 12,228.0050 4,869.2576
Cl 1.2493 1.2493 0.0352 0.0003 8,313.1019 292.9388
F 31.2319 18.9984 1.6439 0.0140 16,844.4310 27,690.9417
Total 3,570.8125 117.4853 1.0000 107,726.6694 1,004,317.7433
Kondisi Operasi:
Tout = 160.00 oC = 433.15 K
o
Tref = 25.00 C = 298.15 K
Pin = 4.47 atm
1. NH4H2PO4
1,832.9862 kg/jam
n =
115.0261 kg/kmol
= 15.9354 kmol/jam
= 144.4100 kJ/kmol.K x ( 433.15 - 298.15 ) K
= 19,495.3500 kJ/kmol
1. H2O
1,446.1171 kg/jam
n =
18.0154 kg/kmol
= 80.2712 kmol/jam
= + + +
C-228
-3.9953E-02
= 9.2053E+01 x ( 433.15 - 298.15 ) +
2
x ( 433.15
2 -2.1103E-04 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 433.15 - 298.15 ) +
5.3469E-07 4
4
x ( 433.15 - 298.15 )
= 10,251.8150 kJ/kmol
3. SO3
124.9276 kg/jam
n =
80.0622 kg/kmol
= 1.5604 kmol/jam
= + + +
2.1122E-01
= 6.7647E+01 x ( 433.15 - 298.15 ) +
2
x ( 433.15
2 8.8025E-04 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 433.15 - 298.15 )
= 35,627.2870 kJ/kmol
4. CaO
21.8623 kg/jam
n =
56.0794 kg/kmol
= 0.3898 kmol/jam
= 41.6700 kJ/kmol.K x ( 433.15 - 298.15 ) K
= 5,625.4500 kJ/kmol
C-229
5. MgO
53.0942 kg/jam
n =
40.3114 kg/kmol
= 1.3171 kmol/jam
= + +
1.1153E-01
= 1.0461E+01 x ( 433.15 - 298.15 )+ 2
x ( 433.15
2 -8.0123E-05 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 433.15 - 298.15 )
= 5,455.0555 kJ/kmol
6. Fe2O3
18.7391 kg/jam
n =
159.6922 kg/kmol
= 0.1173 kmol/jam
= 98.4200 kJ/kmol.K x ( 433.15 - 298.15 ) K
= 13,286.7000 kJ/kmol
7. Al2O3
40.6015 kg/jam
n =
101.9612 kg/kmol
= 0.3982 kmol/jam
C-230
= + +
3.8687E-01
= -8.1210E+00 x ( 433.15 - 298.15 ) +
2
x ( 433.15
2 -3.1623E-04 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 433.15 - 298.15 )
= 12,228.0050 kJ/kmol
8. Cl
1.2493 kg/jam
n =
35.4530 kg/kmol
= 0.0352 kmol/jam
= + +
7.3016E-02
= 3.7173E+01 x ( 433.15 - 298.15 ) +
2
x ( 433.15
2 -1.6956E-05 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 433.15 - 298.15 )
= 8,313.1019 kJ/kmol
9. F
31.2319 kg/jam
n =
18.9984 kg/kmol
= 1.6439 kmol/jam
= + +
C-231
5.20E-01
= 1.72E+01 x ( 433.15 - 298.15 ) +
2
x ( 433.15 -
2 -6.09E-04 3
298.15 ) +
3
x ( 433.15 - 298.15 )
= 16,844.4310 kJ/kmol
Neraca Energi Aliran Keluar Reaktor

Komponen xi
NH4H2PO4 1,832.9862 115.0261 15.9354 0.1567 19,495.3500 310,666.0784
H2 O 1,446.1171 18.0154 80.2712 0.7895 10,251.8150 822,925.1333
SO3 124.9276 80.0622 1.5604 0.0153 35,627.2870 55,592.1804
CaO 21.8623 56.0794 0.3898 0.0038 5,625.4500 2,193.0596
MgO 53.0942 40.3114 1.3171 0.0130 5,455.0555 7,184.8665
Fe2O3 18.7391 159.6922 0.1173 0.0012 13,286.7000 1,559.1330
Al2O3 40.6015 101.9612 0.3982 0.0039 12,228.0050 4,869.2549
Cl 1.2493 35.4530 0.0352 0.0003 8,313.1019 292.9332
F 31.2319 18.9984 1.6439 0.0162 16,844.4310 27,690.9467
Total 3,570.8093 101.6686 1.0000 127,127.1954 1,232,973.5859
Menghitung Panas Reaksi

ΔHr, 298,15 K = ΔHof, produk - ΔHof, reaktan
ΔHr, 298,15 K = ΔHof, NH42H2PO4 - ΔHof, NH3 + ΔHof, H3PO4

= -1,671.0001 kJ/kmol - -45.8566 kJ/kmol + -1,294.1949 kJ/kmol
= -330.9485 kJ/kmol
= 15.9354 kmol/jam x -330.9485 kJ/kmol
= -5,273.7953 kJ/jam
ΔQreaksi = Qr + Qout - Qin
= -5,273.7953 kJ/jam+ 1,232,973.5859 kJ/jam- 1,004,317.7433 kJ/jam
= 223,382.0473 kJ/jam
C-232
ΔQreaksi
Qs =
konversi reaksi
223,382.0473 kJ/jam
=
100 %
= 223,382.0473 kJ/jam
Qs
msteam =
λ
223,382.0473 kJ/jam
=
1,405 kJ/kg
= 158.9908 kg/jam
Tabel C.18 Neraca Energi Reaktor

Masuk Keluar
Komponen
Q9 Q3 Q10
NH3 81,147.7763 0 0
H3PO4 0 1,511.0578 0
H2 O 0 822,925.1333 822,925.1333
SO3 0 55,592.1703 55,592.1804
CaO 0 2,193.0562 2,193.0596
MgO 0 6,536.2821 7,184.8665
Al2O3 0 1,559.1294 1,559.1330
Fe2O3 0 4,869.2576 4,869.2549
Cl 0 292.9388 292.9332
F 0 27,690.9417 27,690.9467
NH4H2PO4 0 0 310666.0784
Qreaksi - -5,273.7953
Qs 223,382.0473 -
Total 1,227,699.7906 1,227,699.7906
C.6 Neraca Energi Expansion Valve
Kondisi Operasi:
C-233
Tin = 160.00 oC = 433.15 K
o
Tref = 25.00 C = 298.15 K
Pin = 4.47 atm
Pout = 1 atm
1. NH4H2PO4
1,832.9862 kg/jam
n =
115.0261 kg/kmol
= 15.9354 kmol/jam
= 144.4100 kJ/kmol.K x ( 433.15 - 298.15 ) K
= 19,495.3500 kJ/kmol
2. H2O
1,446.1171 kg/jam
n =
18.0154 kg/kmol
= 80.2712 kmol/jam
= + + +
-3.9953E-02
= 9.2053E+01 x ( 433.15 - 298.15 )+ 2
x ( 433.15
2 -2.1103E-04 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 433.15 - 298.15 ) +
5.3469E-07 4
4
x ( 433.15 - 298.15 )
= 10,251.8150 kJ/kmol
3. SO3
C-234
124.9276 kg/jam
n =
80.0622 kg/kmol
= 1.5604 kmol/jam
= + + +
2.1122E-01
= 6.7647E+01 x ( 433.15 - 298.15 )+ 2
x ( 433.15
2 8.8025E-04 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ) 433.15 - 298.15 )
= 35,627.2870 kJ/kmol
4. CaO
n = 21.8623 kg/jam
56.0794 kg/kmol
= 0.3898 kmol/jam
= 41.6700 kJ/kmol.K x ( 433.15 - 298.15 ) K
= 5,625.4500 kJ/kmol
5. MgO
n = 53.0942 kg/jam
40.3114 kg/kmol
= 1.3171 kmol/jam
= + +
C-235
1.1153E-01
= 1.0461E+01 x ( 433.15 - 298.15 ) +
2
x ( 433.15
2 -8.0123E-05 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 433.15 - 298.15 )
= 5,455.0555 kJ/kmol
6. Fe2O3
18.7391 kg/jam
n =
159.6922 kg/kmol
= 0.1173 kmol/jam
= 98.4200 kJ/kmol.K x ( 433.15 - 298.15 ) K
= 13,286.7000 kJ/kmol
7. Al2O3
40.6015 kg/jam
n =
101.9612 kg/kmol
= 0.3982 kmol/jam
= + +
3.8687E-01
= -8.1210E+00 x ( 433.15 - 298.15 )+ 2
x ( 433.15
2 -3.1623E-04 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 433.15 - 298.15 )
= 12,228.0050 kJ/kmol
8. Cl
C-236
1.2493 kg/jam
n =
35.4530 kg/kmol
= 0.0352 kmol/jam
= + +
7.3016E-02
= 3.7173E+01 x ( 433.15 - 298.15 )+ 2
x ( 433.15
2 -1.6956E-05 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 433.15 - 298.15 )
= 8,313.1019 kJ/kmol
9. F
31.2319 kg/jam
n =
18.9984 kg/kmol
= 1.6439 kmol/jam
= + +
5.1968E-01
= 1.7167E+01 x ( 433.15 - 298.15 ) + x ( 433.15
2
2 -6.0949E-04 3
298.15 ) + x ( 433.15 - 298.15 )
3
= 16,844.4310 kJ/kmol
C-237
Neraca Energi Aliran Masuk Expansion Valve
Massa BM ni Cp dT
Komponen xi
(kg/jam) (kg/kmol) (kmol/jam) (kJ/kmol)
NH4H2PO4 1,832.9862 115.0261 15.9354 0.1567 19,495.3500
H2 O 1,446.1171 18.0154 80.2712 0.7895 10,251.8150
SO3 124.9276 80.0622 1.5604 0.0153 35,627.2870
CaO 21.8623 56.0794 0.3898 0.0038 5,625.4500
MgO 53.0942 40.3114 1.3171 0.0130 5,455.0555
Fe2O3 18.7391 159.6922 0.1173 0.0012 13,286.7000
Al2O3 40.6015 101.9612 0.3982 0.0039 12,228.0050
Cl 1.2493 35.4530 0.0352 0.0003 8,313.1019
F 31.2319 18.9984 1.6439 0.0162 16,844.4310
Total 3,570.8093 101.6686 1.0000 127,127.1954
Kondisi Operasi:
o
Tout = 124 C = 396.68 K
o
Tref = 25.00 C = 298.15 K
Pin = 4.47 atm
Pout = 1 atm
1. NH4H2PO4
1,832.9862 kg/jam
n =
115.0261 kg/kmol
= 15.9354 kmol/jam
= 144.4100 kJ/kmol.K x ( 396.68 - 298.15 ) K
= 14,229.1197 kJ/kmol
C-238
2. H2O
1,446.1171 kg/jam
n =
18.0154 kg/kmol
= 80.2712 kmol/jam
= + + +
-8.4186E-03
= 3.3933E+01 x ( 396.68 - 298.15 )+ 2
x ( 396.68
2 2.9906E-05 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 396.68 - 298.15 ) +
-1.7825E-08 4 3.6934E-12
4
x ( 396.68 - 298.15 ) +
5
x
5
( 396.68 - 298.15 )
= 3,343.7624 kJ/kmol
3. SO3
124.9276 kg/jam
n =
80.0622 kg/kmol
= 1.5604 kmol/jam
= + +
2.1122E-01
= 6.7647E+01 x ( 396.68 - 298.15 )+ 2
x ( 396.68
2 8.8025E-04 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 396.68 - 298.15 )
= 24,434.6542 kJ/kmol
C-239
4. CaO
21.8623 kg/jam
n =
56.0794 kg/kmol
= 0.3898 kmol/jam
= 41.6700 kJ/kmol.K x ( 396.68 - 298.15 ) K
= 4,105.8612 kJ/kmol
5. MgO
53.0942 kg/jam
n =
40.3114 kg/kmol
= 1.3171 kmol/jam
= + +
1.1153E-01
= 1.0461E+01 x ( 396.68 - 298.15 )+ 2
x ( 396.68
2 -8.0123E-05 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 396.68 - 298.15 )
= 3,889.3677 kJ/kmol
6. Fe2O3
18.7391 kg/jam
n =
159.6922 kg/kmol
= 0.1173 kmol/jam
C-240
= 98.4200 kJ/kmol.K x ( 396.68 - 298.15 ) K
= 9,697.5968 kJ/kmol
7. Al2O3
40.6015 kg/jam
n =
101.9612 kg/kmol
= 0.3982 kmol/jam
= + +
3.8687E-01
= -8.1210E+00 x ( 396.68 - 298.15 )+ 2
x ( 396.68
2 -3.1623E-04 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 396.68 - 298.15 )
= 8,657.0665 kJ/kmol
8. Cl
1.2493 kg/jam
n =
35.4530 kg/kmol
= 0.0352 kmol/jam
= + +
7.3016E-02
= 3.7173E+01 x ( 396.68 - 298.15 )+ 2
x ( 396.68
2 -1.6956E-05 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 396.68 - 298.15 )
= 5,959.2313 kJ/kmol
C-241
9. F
31.2319 kg/jam
n =
18.9984 kg/kmol
= 1.6439 kmol/jam
= + +
5.1968E-01
= 1.7167E+01 x ( 396.68 - 298.15 )+ 2
x ( 396.68
2 -6.0949E-04 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 396.68 - 298.15 )
= 12,184.0640 kJ/kmol
Neraca Energi Aliran Keluar Expansion Valve

Massa BM ni Cp dT
Komponen xi
(kg/jam) (kg/kmol) (kmol/jam) (kJ/kmol)
(NH4)2HPO4 1,832.9862 115.0261 15.9354 0.1567 14,229.1197
H2 O 1,446.1171 18.0154 80.2712 0.7895 3,343.7624
SO3 124.9276 80.0622 1.5604 0.0153 24,434.6542
CaO 21.8623 56.0794 0.3898 0.0038 4,105.8612
MgO 53.0942 40.3114 1.3171 0.0130 3,889.3677
Fe2O3 18.7391 159.6922 0.1173 0.0012 8,657.0665
Al2O3 40.6015 101.9612 0.3982 0.0039 9,697.5968
Cl 1.2493 35.4530 0.0352 0.0003 5,959.2313
F 31.2319 18.9984 1.6439 0.0162 12,184.0640
Total 3,570.8093 101.6686 1.0000 86,500.7238
Pada jenis expansion yang dipakai menggunakan Throttling Process dimana pada proses ini
tidak terjadi perubahan energi kinetik atau energi potensial dengan hasil yang diperoleh
adalah penurunan tekanan. Dalam hal ini Trottling Process tidak terjadi perubahan panas.
C-242
ΔH = 0 atau H2 = H1
(Smith Van Ness, 2005 Hal. 264)
Dikarenakan pada tekanan 1 atm air berubah fasa menjadi gas, maka dihitung entalpi
panas penguapan air.
ΔHv
(kJ/kmol)
H2 O 373.15 647.13 42,059.0122
(Yaws, 1999 Hal.7)
Untuk menghitung entalpi panas penguapan (ΔHv) digunakan Persamaan Watson:
ΔH2 1 - Tr2 0.38

ΔH1
= ( 1 - Tr1 ) (Pers. 4.13 Smith Van Ness, 2005)
1 - Tr2 0.38
ΔH2 = ΔH1
( 1 - Tr1 )
dimana: ΔH1 = Panas laten penguapan pada titik didih normal (kJ/kmol)
Tr2 = T2/Tc (K)
Tr1 = T1/Tc (K)
T2 = Suhu tertentu = 123.53 ˚C = 397.03 K
1. H2O
1 - Tr2 0.4
ΔH2 = ΔH1 ( 1 - Tr1 )
1 - 397.03 / 647.13 0.4
= 42,059.0122 x ( 1 - 373.15 / 647.13 )
C-243
= 40,626.4714 kJ/kmol
ΔH = ΔHin - ΔHout - ΔHv

= 127,127.1954 - 86,500.7238 - 40,626.4714 kJ/kmol
= 0.000
C.7 Neraca Energi Vaporizer II
Kondisi Operasi:
o
Tin = 31 C = 304.63 K
o
Tref = 25.00 C = 298.15 K
Pin = 12.0 atm
1. NH3
341.8821 kg/jam
n =
17.0307 kg/kmol
= 20.0745 kmol/jam
= + + +
3.3618E+00
= -1.8216E+02 x ( 304.63 - 298.15 )+ 2
x ( 304.63
2 -1.4398E-02 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 304.63 - 298.15 ) +
2.0371E-05 4
4
x ( 304.63 - 298.15 )
= 524.5591 kJ/kmol
2. H2O
C-244
1.7180 kg/jam
n =
18.0154 kg/kmol
= 0.0954 kmol/jam
= + + +
-3.9953E-02
= 9.2053E+01 x ( 304.63 - 298.15 )+ 2
x ( 304.63
2 -2.1103E-04 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 304.63 - 298.15 ) +
5.3469E-07 4
4
x ( 304.63 - 298.15 )
= 489.3516 kJ/kmol
Neraca Energi Aliran Masuk Vaporizer II

Komponen xi
NH₃ 341.8821 17.0307 20.0745 0.9953 524.5591 10,530.2402
H₂O 1.7180 18.0154 0.0954 0.0047 489.3516 46.6660
Total 343.6001 20.1698 1.0000 1,013.9107 10,576.9062
Menentukan suhu keluaran vaporizer dengan cara:

1. Menentukan kondisi bubble point
Suhu operasi (T bubble ) vaporizer 2= 32 °C = 305 K (trial error)
Tabel C.20 Tekanan Uap Murni Masing-masing Komponen

Komponen A B C D E
NH3 3.7158.E+01 -2.0277.E+03 -1.1601.E+01 7.4625.E-03 -9.5811.E-12
H2O 2.9861.E+01 -3.1522.E+03 -7.3037.E+00 2.4247.E-09 1.8090.E-06
(Yaws, 1999)
C-245
Σyi
= 1
(Ki.Xi)
Tabel C.21 Perhitungan Suhu Bubble Vaporizer II
Pisat Ki n
Komponen yi (Ki.Xi) Xi
(mmHg) sat
Pi /P (kmol/jam)
NH3 9.1657.E+03 1.0050.E+00 1.0003.E+00 20.0745 0.9953
H2 O 3.4966.E+01 1.1473.E-01 5.4242.E-04 0.0954 0.0047
Total 1.0008 20.1698 1
2. Menentukan kondisi dew point

Suhu operasi (T dew ) vaporizer II = 52 °C = 325 K (trial error)
ΣXi
= 1 (Coulson, 1999. Pers.11.5 Hal.395)
(yi.Ki)
Tabel C.22 Perhitungan Suhu Dew Vaporizer II

n Pisat Ki
Komponen yi Xi (yi/Ki)
(kmol/jam) (mmHg) Pisat/P
NH3 20.0745 0.9953 15,893.1216 1.7427 5.7112.E-01
H2 O 0.0954 0.0047 100.5376 0.0110 4.2889.E-01
Total 20.1698 1 1
Suhu keluaran vaporizer merupakan suhu pada kondisi operasinya yaitu pada kondisi
bubble point, Tout vaporizer = 32 °C (305 K).

1. Panas Laten Penguapan (ΔHv)
ΔHv
(kJ/kmol)
NH3 239.72 405.65 23,852.4837

H2 O 373.15 647.13 42,059.0122
(Yaws, 1999 Hal.7)
C-246
Untuk menghitung entalpi panas penguapan (ΔH v) digunakan Persamaan Watson:
ΔH2 1 - Tr2 0.38
ΔH1
= ( 1 - Tr1 ) (Pers. 4.13 Smith Van Ness, 2005)
1 - Tr2 0.38
ΔH2 = ΔH1 ( 1 - Tr1 )
Dimana:ΔH1 = Panas laten penguapan pada titik didih normal (kJ/kmol)
Tr2 = T2/Tc (K)
Tr1 = T1/Tc (K)
T2 = Suhu tertentu
= Tdew = 0.32 °C = 273.47 K
1. NH3
1 - Tr2 0.38
ΔH2 = ΔH1 ( 1 - Tr1 )
1 - 273.47 / 405.65 0.38
= 23,852.4837 x ( 1 - 239.72 / 405.65 )
= 21,877.8744 kJ/kmol
ΔHv = n x ΔH2
= 20.0745 kmol/jamx 21,877.8744 kJ/kmol
= 439,186.5063 kJ/jam
2. H2O
1 - Tr2 0.38
ΔH2 = ΔH1 ( 1 - Tr1 )
1 - 273.47 / 647.13 0.38
= 42,059.0122 x ( 1 - 373.15 / 647.13 )
= 47,322.4273 kJ/kmol
C-247
ΔHv = n x ΔH2
= 0.0954 kmol/jam x 47,322.4273 kJ/kmol
= 4,512.8018 kJ/jam
Qv = 439,186.51 kJ/jam + 4,512.8018 kJ/jam

= 443,699.31 kJ/jam
2. Panas Sensibel Gas Keluar

Kondisi operasi: Tbubble = 52 °C = 325 K
Tin = -36 °C = 237 K
1. NH3
341.8821 kg/jam
n =
17.0307 kg/kmol
= 20.0745 kmol/jam
= + + + +
-1.2581E-02
= 3.3573E+01 x ( 324.81 - 237.15 )+ 2
x ( 324.81
2 8.8906E-05 3
- 237.15 ) +
3
x ( 324.81 - 237.15 ) +
-7.1783E-08 4 1.8569E-11
4
x ( 324.81 - 237.15 ) +
5
x
5
( 324.81 - 237.15 )
= 3,120.9232 kJ/kmol
2. H2O
C-248
1.7180 kg/jam
n =
18.0154 kg/kmol
= 0.0954 kmol/jam
= + + + +
-8.4186E-03
= 3.3933E+01 x ( 324.81 - 237.15 )+ 2
x ( 324.81
2 2.9906E-05 3
- 237.15 ) +
3
x ( 324.81 - 237.15 ) +
-1.7825E-08 4 3.6934E-12
4
x ( 324.81 - 237.15 ) +
5
x
5
( 324.81 - 237.15 )
= 2,942.3347 kJ/kmol
Neraca Energi Aliran Keluar Vaporizer II

Komponen xi
NH₃ 341.8821 17.0307 20.0745 0.9953 3,120.9232 62,650.8470
H₂O 1.7180 18.0154 0.0954 0.0047 2,942.3347 280.5894
Total 343.6001 20.1698 1.0000 6,063.2579 62,931.4365
Panas yang dibutuhkan oleh pemanas, Qs:

Q12 + Qsteam = Q13 + Qv
Qs = ( Q13 + Qv ) - Q12
= ( 62,931.4365 + 443,699.31 ) kJ/jam - 10,576.9062 kJ/jam
= 496,053.8384 kJ/jam
λ = Hv - Hl
= 2,746.5 kJ/kg- 632.20 kJ/kg
C-249
= 2,114.3 kJ/kg
Qsteam
msteam =
λ
496,053.8384 kJ/jam
=
2,114.3 kJ/kg
= 234.6185 kg/jam
Tabel C.24 Neraca Energi Vaporizer II

Masuk Keluar
Komponen
Q12 Q13
NH3 10,530.2402 62,650.8470
H2 O 46.6660 280.5894
Q penguapan, Qv - 443,699.308
Q steam, Qs 496,053.8384 -
Total 506,630.7446 506,630.7446
C.8 Neraca Energi Heater III
Kondisi Operasi:
o
Tin = 31 C = 304.37 K
o
Tref = 25.00 C = 298.15 K
Pin = 1 atm
1. NH3
341.8821 kg/jam
n =
17.0307 kg/kmol
= 20.0745 kmol/jam
C-250
= + + + +
-1.2581E-02
= 3.3573E+01 x ( 304.37 - 298.15 )+ 2
x ( 304.37
2 8.8906E-05 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 304.37 - 298.15 ) +
-7.1783E-08 4 1.8569E-11
4
x ( 304.37 - 298.15 ) +
5
x
5
( 304.37 - 298.15 )
= 224.1987 kJ/kmol
2. H2O
1.7180 kg/jam
n =
18.0154 kg/kmol
= 0.0954 kmol/jam
= + + + +
-8.4186E-03
= 3.3933E+01 x ( 304.37 - 298.15 )+ 2
x ( 304.37
2 2.9906E-05 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 304.37 - 298.15 ) +
-1.7825E-08 4 3.6934E-12
4
x ( 304.37 - 298.15 ) +
5
x
5
( 304.37 - 298.15 )
= 209.3441 kJ/kmol
C-251
Neraca Energi Aliran Masuk Heater III
Komponen xi
NH₃ 341.8821 17.0307 20.0745 0.9953 224.1987 4,500.6675
H₂O 1.7180 18.0154 0.0954 0.0047 209.3441 19.9636
Total 343.6001 20.1698 1.0000 433.5428 4,520.6311
Kondisi Operasi:
Tout = 124.00 oC = 397.15 K
o
Tref = 25.00 C = 298.15 K
Pout = 1 atm
1. NH3
341.8821 kg/jam
n =
17.0307 kg/kmol
= 20.0745 kmol/jam
= + + + +
-1.2581E-02
= 3.3573E+01 x ( 397.15 - 298.15 )+ 2
x ( 397.15
2 8.8906E-05 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 397.15 - 298.15 ) +
-7.1783E-08 4 1.86E-11
4
x ( 397.15 - 298.15 ) +
5
x ( 397.15
5
- 298.15 )
= 3,684.9832 kJ/kmol
C-252
2. H2O
1.7180 kg/jam
n =
18.0154 kg/kmol
= 0.0954 kmol/jam
= + + + +
-8.4186E-03
= 3.3933E+01 x ( 397.15 - 298.15 )+ 2
x ( 397.15
2 2.9906E-05 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 397.15 - 298.15 ) +
-1.7825E-08 4 3.6934E-12
4
x ( 397.15 - 298.15 ) +
5
x
5
( 397.15 - 298.15 )
= 3,359.7785 kJ/kmol
Neraca Energi Aliran Keluar Heater III

Komponen xi
NH₃ 341.8821 17.0307 20.0745 0.9953 3,684.9832 73,974.0472
H₂O 1.7180 18.0154 0.0954 0.0047 3,359.7785 320.3981
Total 343.6001 20.1698 1.0000 7,044.7618 74,294.4453

Qsteam = Qout - Qin
= 74,294.4453 kJ/jam - 4,520.6311 kJ/jam
= 69,773.8141 kJ/jam
475,8 kPa. Dari steam table Geankoplis, 2003 diperoleh:
C-253
λ = Hv - HL
= 2,746.5 kJ/kg - 632.2 kJ/kg
= 2,114.3 kJ/kg
Qsteam
msteam =
λ
69,773.8141 kJ/jam
=
2,114.30 kJ/kg
= 33.0009 kg/jam
Tabel C.25 Neraca Energi Heater III

Masuk Keluar
Komponen
Q14 Q15
NH3 4,500.6675 73,974.0472
H2 O 19.9636 320.3981
Qsteam 69,773.8141 0
Total 74,294.4453 74,294.4453
C.9 Neraca Energi Granulator
Reaksi:
NH4H2PO4 + NH3 (NH4)H2PO4
Kondisi Operasi:
Tin = 124.00 oC = 397.15 K
o
Tref = 25.00 C = 298.15 K
Pin = 1.00 atm
Qin = Q11 + Q14
C-254
Neraca Energi Aliran Masuk Granulator
Komponen xi
NH4H2PO4 310,666.0784 115.0261 15.9354 0.1309 14,229.1197 226,746.6246
NH3 73,974.0472 17.0307 20.0745 0.1649 3,684.9832 73,974.0472
H2 O 822,925.1333 18.0154 80.2712 0.6593 3,343.7624 268,407.7062
SO3 55,592.1804 80.0622 1.5604 0.0128 24,434.6542 38,127.3967
CaO 2,193.0596 56.0794 0.3898 0.0032 4,105.8612 1,600.6539
MgO 7,184.8665 40.3114 1.3171 0.0108 3,889.3677 5,122.6954
Fe2O3 1,559.1330 159.6922 0.1173 0.0010 8,657.0665 1,015.8668
Al2O3 4,869.2549 101.9612 0.3982 0.0033 9,697.5968 3,861.6332
Cl 292.9332 35.4530 0.0352 0.0003 5,959.2313 209.9886
F 27,690.9467 18.9984 1.6439 0.0135 12,184.0640 20,029.6624
Total 384,640.1256 121.7431 1.0000 17,914.1029 639,096.2750
Kondisi Operasi:
Tout = 124.00 oC = 397.15 K
o
Tref = 25.00 C = 298.15 K
Pin = 1.00 atm
Aliran F24
1. (NH4)2HPO4
2,104.3771 kg/jam
n =
115.0261 kg/kmol
= 18.2948 kmol/jam
= 185.8300 kJ/kmol.K x ( 397.15 - 298.15 ) K
= 18,397.1700 kJ/kmol
C-255
2. H2O
41.9374 kg/jam
n =
18.0154 kg/kmol
= 2.3279 kmol/jam
= + + + +
-8.4186E-03
= 3.3933E+01 x ( 397.15 - 298.15 )+ 2
x ( 397.15
2 2.9906E-05 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 397.15 - 298.15 ) +
-1.7825E-08 4 3.6934E-12
4
x ( 397.15 - 298.15 ) +
5
x
5
( 397.15 - 298.15 )
= 3,359.7785 kJ/kmol
3. SO3
123.6783 kg/jam
n =
80.0622 kg/kmol
= 1.5448 kmol/jam
= + +
2.1122E-01
= 6.7647E+01 x ( 397.15 - 298.15 )+ 2
x ( 397.15
2 8.8025E-04 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 397.15 - 298.15 )
= 24,570.2212 kJ/kmol
C-256
4. CaO
n = 21.6473 kg/jam
56.0794 kg/kmol
= 0.3860 kmol/jam
= 41.6700 kJ/kmol.K x ( 397.15 - 298.15 ) K
= 4,125.3300 kJ/kmol
5. MgO
52.5633 kg/jam
n =
40.3114 kg/kmol
= 1.3039 kmol/jam
= + +
1.1153E-01
1.0461E+01 x ( 397.15 - 298.15 ) +
2
x ( 397.15
2 -8.0123E-05 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 397.15 - 298.15 )
= 3,909.0404 kJ/kmol
6. Fe2O3
18.5518 kg/jam
n =
159.6922 kg/kmol
= 0.1162 kmol/jam
= 98.4200 kJ/kmol.K x ( 397.15 - 298.15 ) K
C-257
= 9,743.5800 kJ/kmol
7. Al2O3
40.1955 kg/jam
n =
101.9612 kg/kmol
= 0.3942 kmol/jam
= + +
3.8687E-01
= -8.1210E+00 x ( 397.15 - 298.15 )+ 2
x ( 397.15
2 -3.1623E-04 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 397.15 - 298.15 )
= 8,701.7388 kJ/kmol
8. Cl
= 1.2368 kg/jam
n
35.4530 kg/kmol
= 0.0349 kmol/jam
= + +
7.3016E-02
= 3.7173E+01 x ( 397.15 - 298.15 )+ 2
x ( 397.15
2 -1.6956E-05 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 397.15 - 298.15 )
= 5,988.8914 kJ/kmol
9. F
C-258
30.9196 kg/jam
n =
18.9984 kg/kmol
= 1.6275 kmol/jam
= + +
5.1968E-01
= 1.7167E+01 x ( 397.15 - 298.15 )+ 2
x ( 397.15
2 -6.0949E-04 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 397.15 - 298.15 )
= 12,243.5944 kJ/kmol
Aliran F18
1. NH3
= 70.4911 kg/jam
n
17.0307 kg/kmol
= 4.1391 kmol/jam
= + + + +
-1.2581E-02
= 3.3573E+01 x ( 397.15 - 298.15 )+ 2
x ( 397.15
2 8.8906E-05 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 397.15 - 298.15 ) +
-7.1783E-08 4 1.8569E-11
4
x ( 397.15 - 298.15 ) +
5
x
5
( 397.15 - 298.15 )
= 3,684.9832 kJ/kmol
C-259
2. H2O
1,404.1798 kg/jam
n =
18.0154 kg/kmol
= 77.9433 kmol/jam
= + + + +
-3.9953E-02
= 9.2053E+01 x ( 397.15 - 298.15 )+ 2
x ( 397.15
2 -2.1103E-04 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 397.15 - 298.15 ) +
5.3469E-07 4
4
x ( 397.15 - 298.15 )
= 7,465.3331 kJ/kmol
3. SO3
1.2493 kg/jam
n =
80.0622 kg/kmol
= 0.0156 kmol/jam
= + +
2.1122E-01
= 6.7647E+01 x ( 397.15 - 298.15 )+ 2
x ( 397.15
2 8.8025E-04 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 397.15 - 298.15 )
= 24,570.2212 kJ/kmol
4. CaO
C-260
0.2186 kg/jam
n =
56.0794 kg/kmol
= 0.0039 kmol/jam
= 41.6700 kJ/kmol.K x ( 397.15 - 298.15 ) K
= 4,125.3300 kJ/kmol
5. MgO
0.5309 kg/jam
n =
40.3114 kg/kmol
= 0.0132 kmol/jam
= + +
1.1153E-01
= 1.0461E+01 x ( 397.15 - 298.15 ) +
2
x ( 397.15
2 -8.0123E-05 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 397.15 - 298.15 )
= 3,909.0404 kJ/kmol
6. Fe2O3
0.1874 kg/jam
n =
159.6922 kg/kmol
= 0.0012 kmol/jam
= 98.4200 kJ/kmol.K x ( 397.15 - 298.15 ) K
= 9,743.5800 kJ/kmol
C-261
7. Al2O3
0.4060 kg/jam
n =
101.9612 kg/kmol
= 0.0040 kmol/jam
= + +
3.8687E-01
= -8.1210E+00 x ( 397.15 - 298.15 )+ 2
x ( 397.15
2 -3.1623E-04 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 397.15 - 298.15 )
= 8,701.7388 kJ/kmol
8. Cl
0.0125 kg/jam
n =
35.4530 kg/kmol
= 0.0004 kmol/jam
= + +
7.3016E-02
= 3.7173E+01 x ( 397.15 - 298.15 )+ 2
x ( 397.15
2 -1.6956E-05 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 397.15 - 298.15 )
= 5,988.8914 kJ/kmol
9. F
C-262
0.3123 kg/jam
n =
18.9984 kg/kmol
= + +
5.1968E-01
= 1.7167E+01 x ( 397.15 - 298.15 ) +
2
x ( 397.15
2 -6.0949E-04 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 397.15 - 298.15 )
= 12,243.5944 kJ/kmol
Neraca Energi Aliran Keluar Granulator

Komponen xi
(NH4)2HPO4 18,397.1700 115.0261 18.2948 0.1686 18,397.1700 336,572.1635
NH3 70.4911 17.0307 4.1391 0.0381 3,684.9832 15,252.3690
H2O (F20) 41.9374 18.0154 2.3279 0.0214 3,359.7785 7,821.1073
H2O (F15) 1,404.1798 18.0154 77.9433 0.7181 7,465.3331 581,872.7276
SO3 (F20) 123.6783 80.0622 1.5448 0.0142 24,570.2212 37,955.5294
SO3 (F15) 1.2493 80.0622 0.3898 0.0036 24,570.2212 9,578.6043
CaO (F20) 21.6473 56.0794 0.3860 0.0036 4,125.3300 1,592.4253
CaO (F15) 0.2186 56.0794 0.0039 0.0000 4,125.3300 16.0807
MgO (F20) 52.5633 40.3114 1.3039 0.0120 3,909.0404 5,097.1205
MgO (F15) 0.5309 40.3114 0.0132 0.0001 3,909.0404 51.4820
Fe2O3 (F20) 18.5518 159.6922 0.1162 0.0011 9,743.5800 1,131.9335
Fe2O3 (F15) 0.1874 159.6922 0.0012 0.0000 9,743.5800 11.4342
Al2O3 (F20) 40.1955 101.9612 0.3942 0.0036 8,701.7388 3,430.4298
Al2O3 (F15) 0.4060 101.9612 0.0040 0.0000 8,701.7388 34.6495
Cl (F20) 1.2368 35.4530 0.0349 0.0003 5,988.8914 208.9262
Cl (F15) 0.0125 35.4530 0.0004 0.0000 5,988.8914 2.1116
F (F20) 30.9196 18.9984 1.6275 0.0150 12,243.5944 19,926.2592
F (F15) 0.3123 18.9984 0.0164 0.0002 12,243.5944 201.2630
C-263
Total 20,205.4879 108.5414 1.0000 22,082.1532 1,020,756.6164
Menghitung Panas Reaksi

ΔHr, 298,15 K = ΔHof, produk - ΔHof, reaktan
ΔHr, 298,15 K = ΔHof, (NH4)2HPO4 - ΔHof, NH4H2PO4+ ΔHof, NH3

= -301.4572 kJ/kmol - ######### kJ/kmol + -45.8566 kJ/kmol
= 1,415.3995 kJ/kmol
= 18.2948 kmol/jamx 1,415.3995 kJ/kmol
= 25,894.4214 kJ/jam
ΔQreaksi = Qr + Qout - Qin

= 25,894.42 kJ/jam + 1,020,756.6164 kJ/jam - 639,096.2750 kJ/jam
= 407,554.7629 kJ/jam

8581 kPa. Dari steam table Geankoplis, 2003 diperoleh:
λ = Hv - HL
= 2,749.0 kJ/kg - 1344 kJ/kg
= 1,405.0 kJ/kg
Qsteam ΔQreaksi kJ/jam

=
konversi reaksi
407,554.7629
=
100%
= 407,554.76 kJ/jam
Qreaksi
msteam =
λ
407,554.7629 kJ/jam
=
1,405.00 kJ/kg
= 290.0746 kg/jam
C-264
Tabel C.26 Neraca Energi Granulator
Masuk Keluar
Komponen
Q15 Q11 Q22 Q16
NH4H2PO4 0 226,746.6246 0 0
(NH4)2HPO4 0 0 336,572.1635 0
NH3 73,974.0472 0 0 15,252.3690
H2 O 0 268,407.7062 7,821.1073 581,872.7276
SO3 0 38,127.3967 37,955.5294 9,578.6043
CaO 0 1,600.6539 1,592.4253 16.0807
MgO 0 5,122.6954 5,097.1205 51.4820
Fe2O3 0 1,015.8668 1,131.9335 11.4342
Al2O3 0 3,861.6332 3,430.4298 34.6495
Cl 0 209.9886 208.9262 2.1116
F 0 20,029.6624 19,926.2592 201.2630
Qreaksi - 25,894.4214
Qsteam 407,554.7629 -
Total 1,046,651.0378 1,046,651.0378
C.10 Neraca Energi Rotary Dryer

Kondisi Operasi:
Tin = 124.00 oC = 397.15 K
o
Tref = 25.00 C = 298.15 K
Pin = 1 atm
1. (NH4)2HPO4
2,104.3771 kg/jam
n =
132.0568 kg/kmol
= 15.9354 kmol/jam
C-265
= 185.8300 kJ/kmol.K x ( 397.15 - 298.15 ) K
= 18,397.1700 kJ/kmol
2. H2O
36.8268 kg/jam
n =
18.0154 kg/kmol
= 2.0442 kmol/jam
= + + + +
-8.4186E-03
= 3.3933E+01 x ( 397.15 - 298.15 )+ 2
x ( 397.15
2 2.9906E-05 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 397.15 - 298.15 ) +
-1.7825E-08 4 3.69E-12
4
x ( 397.15 - 298.15 ) +
5
x
5
( 397.15 - 298.15 )
= 3,359.7785 kJ/kmol
3. SO3
124.9276 kg/jam
n =
80.0622 kg/kmol
= 1.5604 kmol/jam
= + +
2.1122E-01
= 6.7647E+01 x ( 397.15 - 298.15 )+ 2
x ( 397.15
C-266
2 8.8025E-04 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 397.15 - 298.15 )
= 24,570.2212 kJ/kmol
4. CaO
21.8623 kg/jam
n =
56.0794 kg/kmol
= 0.3898 kmol/jam
= 41.6700 kJ/kmol.K x ( 397.15 - 298.15 ) K
= 4,125.3300 kJ/kmol
5. MgO
53.0942 kg/jam
n =
40.3114 kg/kmol
= 1.3171 kmol/jam
= + +
1.1153E-01
= 1.0461E+01 x ( 397.15 - 298.15 ) +
2
x ( 397.15
2 -8.0123E-05 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 397.15 - 298.15 )
= 3,909.0404 kJ/kmol
6. Fe2O3
C-267
18.5518 kg/jam
n =
159.6922 kg/kmol
= 0.1162 kmol/jam
= 98.4200 kJ/kmol.K x ( 397.15 - 298.15 ) K
= 9,743.5800 kJ/kmol
7. Al2O3
40.1955 kg/jam
n =
101.9612 kg/kmol
= 0.3942 kmol/jam
= + +
3.8687E-01
= -8.1210E+00 x ( 397.15 - 298.15 ) +
2
x ( 397.15
2 -3.1623E-04 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 397.15 - 298.15 )
= 8,701.7388 kJ/kmol
8. Cl
1.2493 kg/jam
n =
35.4530 kg/kmol
= 0.0352 kmol/jam
= + +
C-268
7.3016E-02
= 3.7173E+01 x ( 397.15 - 298.15 ) +
2
x ( 397.15
2 -1.6956E-05 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 397.15 - 298.15 )
= 5,988.8914 kJ/kmol
9. F
31.2319 kg/jam
n =
18.9984 kg/kmol
= 1.6439 kmol/jam
= + +
5.1968E-01
= 1.7167E+01 x ( 397.15 - 298.15 )+ 2
x ( 397.15
2 -6.0949E-04 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 397.15 - 298.15 )
= 12,243.5944 kJ/kmol
Neraca Energi Aliran Masuk Rotary Dryer

Komponen xi
(NH4)2HPO4 2,104.3771 132.0568 15.9354 0.6799 18,397.1700 293,166.1477
H2 O 36.8268 18.0154 2.0442 0.0872 3,359.7785 6,868.0049
SO3 124.9276 80.0622 1.5604 0.0666 24,570.2212 38,338.9330
CaO 21.8623 56.0794 0.3898 0.0166 4,125.3300 1,608.2437
MgO 53.0942 40.3114 1.3171 0.0562 3,909.0404 5,148.6063
Fe2O3 18.5518 159.6922 0.1162 0.0050 9,743.5800 1,131.9335
Al2O3 40.1955 101.9612 0.3942 0.0168 8,701.7388 3,430.4298
Cl 1.2493 35.4530 0.0352 0.0015 5,988.8914 211.0338
F 31.2319 18.9984 1.6439 0.0701 12,243.5944 20,127.5258
C-269
Total 2,432.3166 23.4365 1.0000 18,397.1700 370,030.8585
Kondisi Operasi:
Tout = 130.00 oC = 403.15 K
o
Tref = 25.00 C = 298.15 K
Pin = 1 atm
Aliran F23
1. (NH4)2HPO4
2,104.3771 kg/jam
n =
132.0568 kg/kmol
= 15.9354 kmol/jam
= 185.8300 kJ/kmol.K x ( 403.15 - 298.15 ) K
= 19,512.1500 kJ/kmol
2. H2O
0.3683 kg/jam
n =
18.0154 kg/kmol
= 0.0204 kmol/jam
= + + + +
-8.4186E-03
= 3.3933E+01 x ( 403.15 - 298.15 )+ 2
x ( 403.15
2 2.9906E-05 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 403.15 - 298.15 ) +
C-270
-1.7825E-08 4 3.6934E-12
4
x ( 403.15 - 298.15 ) +
5
x
5
( 403.15 - 298.15 )
= 3,565.6115 kJ/kmol
3. SO3
124.9276 kg/jam
n =
80.0622 kg/kmol
= 1.5604 kmol/jam
= + +
2.1122E-01
= 6.7647E+01 x ( 403.15 - 298.15 )+ 2
x ( 403.15
2 8.8025E-04 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 403.15 - 298.15 )
= 26,328.9110 kJ/kmol
4. CaO
21.8623 kg/jam
n =
56.0794 kg/kmol
= 0.3898 kmol/jam
= 41.6700 kJ/kmol.K x ( 403.15 - 298.15 ) K
= 4,375.3500 kJ/kmol
5. MgO
C-271
53.0942 kg/jam
n =
40.3114 kg/kmol
= 1.3171 kmol/jam
= + +
1.1153E-01
= 1.0461E+01 x ( 403.15 - 298.15 )+ 2
x ( 403.15
2 -8.0123E-05 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 403.15 - 298.15 )
= 4,162.6015 kJ/kmol
6. Fe2O3
18.7391 kg/jam
n =
159.6922 kg/kmol
= 0.1173 kmol/jam
= 98.4200 kJ/kmol.K x ( 403.15 - 298.15 ) K
= 10,334.1000 kJ/kmol
7. Al2O3
40.6015 kg/jam
n =
101.9612 kg/kmol
= 0.3982 kmol/jam
= + +
C-272
3.8687E-01
= -8.1210E+00 x ( 403.15 - 298.15 ) +
2
x ( 403.15
2 -3.1623E-04 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 403.15 - 298.15 )
= 9,278.0348 kJ/kmol
8. Cl
1.2493 kg/jam
n =
35.4530 kg/kmol
= 0.0352 kmol/jam
= + +
7.3016E-02
= 3.7173E+01 x ( 403.15 - 298.15 )+ 2
x ( 403.15
2 -1.6956E-05 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 403.15 - 298.15 )
= 6,370.9432 kJ/kmol
9. F
31.2319 kg/jam
n =
18.9984 kg/kmol
= 1.6439 kmol/jam
T
= ∫A+ BT + CT2
Tref
C-273
5.1968E-01
= 1.7167E+01 x ( 403.15 - 298.15 ) +
2
x ( 403.15
2 -6.0949E-04 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 403.15 - 298.15 )
= 13,008.7359 kJ/kmol
Aliran F23a
1. H2O
36.4585 kg/jam
n =
18.0154 kg/kmol
= 2.0237 kmol/jam
= + +
-8.4186E-03
= 3.3933E+01 x ( 403.15 - 298.15 )+ 2
x ( 403.15
2 2.9906E-05 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 403.15 - 298.15 ) +
-1.7825E-08 4 3.6934E-12
4
x ( 403.15 - 298.15 ) +
5
x
5
( 403.15 - 298.15 )
= 3,565.6115 kJ/kmol
Neraca Energi Aliran Keluar Rotary Dryer

Komponen xi
(NH4)2HPO4 2,104.3771 132.0568 15.9354 0.6798 19,512.1500 310,933.7930
H2O (l) 0.3683 18.0154 0.0204 0.0009 168.2548 3.4394
H2O (g) 36.4585 18.0154 2.0237 0.0863 3,565.6115 7,215.8777
SO3 124.9276 80.0622 1.5604 0.0666 26,328.9110 41,083.1611
C-274
CaO 21.8623 56.0794 0.3898 0.0166 4,375.3500 1,705.7130
MgO 53.0942 40.3114 1.3171 0.0562 4,162.6015 5,482.5723
Fe2O3 18.5518 159.6922 0.1173 0.0050 10,334.1000 1,212.6590
Al2O3 40.1955 101.9612 0.3982 0.0170 9,278.0348 3,694.5615
Cl 1.2493 35.4530 0.0352 0.0015 6,370.9432 224.4963
F 31.2319 18.9984 1.6439 0.0701 13,008.7359 21,385.3594
Total 2,432.3166 23.4416 1.0000 19,512.1500 392,941.6326

Qsteam = Qout - Qin
= 392,941.6326 kJ/jam - 370,030.8585 kJ/jam
= 22,910.7742 kJ/jam
λ = Hv - HL
= 2,746.5 kJ/kg - 632.2 kJ/kg
= 2,114.3 kJ/kg
Qsteam
msteam =
λ
22,910.7742 kJ/jam
=
2,114.30 kJ/kg
= 10.8361 kg/jam
Tabel C.27 Neraca Energi Rotary Dryer

Masuk Keluar Keluar
Komponen
Q22 Q23 Q23a
(NH4)2HPO4 293,166.1477 310,933.7930 0
H2 O 6,868.0049 3 7,215.8777
SO3 38,338.9330 41,083.1611 0
CaO 1,608.2437 1,705.7130 0
MgO 5,148.6063 5,482.5723 0
C-275
Al2O3 1,131.9335 1,212.6590 0
Fe2O3 3,430.4298 3,694.5615 0
Cl 211.0338 224.4963 0
F 20,127.5258 21,385.3594 0
Qsteam 22,910.7742 -
Total 392,941.6326 392,941.6326
C.11 Neraca Energi Cooler I
Kondisi Operasi:
Tin = 130.00 oC = 403.15 K
o
Tref = 25.00 C = 298.15 K
Pin = 1.00 atm
1. (NH4)2HPO4
2,104.3771 kg/jam
n =
132.0568 kg/kmol
= 15.9354 kmol/jam
= 185.8300 kJ/kmol.K x ( 403.15 - 298.15 ) K
= 19,512.1500 kJ/kmol
2. H2O
0.4194 kg/jam
n =
18.0154 kg/kmol
= 0.0233 kmol/jam
C-276
= + + + +
-8.4186E-03
= 3.3933E+01 x ( 403.15 - 298.15 ) +
2
x ( 403.15
2 2.9906E-05 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 403.15 - 298.15 ) +
-1.7825E-08 4 3.6934E-12
4
x ( 403.15 - 298.15 ) +
5
x
5
( 403.15 - 298.15 )
= 3,565.6115 kJ/kmol
3. SO3
123.6783 kg/jam
n =
80.0622 kg/kmol
= 1.5448 kmol/jam
= + +
2.1122E-01
= 6.7647E+01 x ( 403.15 - 298.15 ) +
2
x ( 403.15
2 8.8025E-04 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 403.15 - 298.15 )
= 26,328.9110 kJ/kmol
4. CaO
21.6437 kg/jam
n =
56.0794 kg/kmol
= 0.3859 kmol/jam
C-277
= 41.6700 kJ/kmol.K x ( 403.15 - 298.15 ) K
= 4,375.3500 kJ/kmol
5. MgO
52.5633 kg/jam
n =
40.3114 kg/kmol
= 1.3039 kmol/jam
= + +
1.1153E-01
= 1.0461E+01 x ( 403.15 - 298.15 )+ 2
x ( 403.15
2 -8.0123E-05 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 403.15 - 298.15 )
= 4,162.6015 kJ/kmol
6. Fe2O3
18.5518 kg/jam
n =
159.6922 kg/kmol
= 0.1162 kmol/jam
= 98.4200 kJ/kmol.K x ( 403.15 - 298.15 ) K
= 10,334.1000 kJ/kmol
7. Al2O3
40.1955 kg/jam
n =
101.9612 kg/kmol
= 0.3942 kmol/jam
C-278
= + +
3.8687E-01
= -8.1210E+00 x ( 403.15 - 298.15 )+ 2
x ( 403.15
2 -3.1623E-04 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 403.15 - 298.15 )
= 9,278.0348 kJ/kmol
8. Cl
1.2368 kg/jam
n =
35.4530 kg/kmol
= 0.0349 kmol/jam
= + +
7.3016E-02
= 3.7173E+01 x ( 403.15 - 298.15 )+ 2
x ( 403.15
2 -1.6956E-05 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 403.15 - 298.15 )
= 6,370.9432 kJ/kmol
9. F
30.9196 kg/jam
n =
18.9984 kg/kmol
= 1.6275 kmol/jam
= + +
C-279
5.1968E-01
= 1.7167E+01 x ( 403.15 - 298.15 ) +
2
x ( 403.15
2 -6.0949E-04 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 403.15 - 298.15 )
= 13,008.7359 kJ/kmol
Neraca Energi Aliran Masuk Cooler I

Komponen xi
(NH4)2HPO4 2,104.3771 132.0568 15.9354 0.7458 19,512.1500 310,933.7930
H2 O 0.4194 18.0154 0.0233 0.0011 3,565.6115 83.0077
SO3 123.6783 80.0622 1.5448 0.0723 26,328.9110 40,672.3142
CaO 21.6437 56.0794 0.3859 0.0181 4,375.3500 1,688.6551
MgO 52.5633 40.3114 1.3039 0.0610 4,162.6015 5,427.7468
Fe2O3 18.5518 159.6922 0.1162 0.0054 10,334.1000 1,200.5355
Al2O3 40.1955 101.9612 0.3942 0.0185 9,278.0348 3,657.6192
Cl 1.2368 35.4530 0.0349 0.0016 6,370.9432 222.2543
F 30.9196 18.9984 1.6275 0.0762 13,008.7359 21,171.5150
Total 2,393.5855 21.3661 1.0000 96,936.4379 385,057.4409
Kondisi Operasi:
o
Tout = 30.00 C = 303.15 K
o
Tref = 25.00 C = 298.15 K
Pin = 1.00 atm
1. (NH4)2HPO4
2,104.3771 kg/jam
n =
132.0568 kg/kmol
= 15.9354 kmol/jam
C-280
= 185.8300 kJ/kmol.K x ( 303.15 - 298.15 ) K
= 929.1500 kJ/kmol
2. H2O
0.3683 kg/jam
n =
18.0154 kg/kmol
= 0.0204 kmol/jam
= + + + +
-8.4186E-03
= 3.3933E+01 x ( 303.15 - 298.15 )+ 2
x ( 303.15
2 2.9906E-05 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 303.15 - 298.15 ) +
-1.7825E-08 4 3.6934E-12
4
x ( 303.15 - 298.15 ) +
5
x
5
( 303.15 - 298.15 )
= 168.2548 kJ/kmol
3. SO3
124.9276 kg/jam
n =
80.0622 kg/kmol
= 1.5604 kmol/jam
= + +
C-281
2.1122E-01
= 6.7647E+01 x ( 303.15 - 298.15 ) +
2
x ( 303.15
2 8.8025E-04 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 303.15 - 298.15 )
= 1,053.5915 kJ/kmol
4. CaO
21.8623 kg/jam
n =
56.0794 kg/kmol
= 0.3898 kmol/jam
= 41.6700 kJ/kmol.K x ( 303.15 - 298.15 ) K
= 208.3500 kJ/kmol
5. MgO
53.0942 kg/jam
n =
40.3114 kg/kmol
= 1.3171 kmol/jam
= + +
1.1153E-01
= 1.0461E+01 x ( 303.15 - 298.15 )+ 2
x ( 303.15
2 -8.0123E-05 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 303.15 - 298.15 )
= 183.7499 kJ/kmol
6. Fe2O3
C-282
18.7391 kg/jam
n =
159.6922 kg/kmol
= 0.1173 kmol/jam
= 98.4200 kJ/kmol.K x ( 303.15 - 298.15 ) K
= 492.1000 kJ/kmol
7. Al2O3
40.6015 kg/jam
n =
101.9612 kg/kmol
= 0.3982 kmol/jam
= + +
3.8687E-01
= -8.1210E+00 x ( 303.15 - 298.15 ) +
2
x ( 303.15
2 -3.1623E-04 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 303.15 - 298.15 )
= 398.0332 kJ/kmol
8. Cl
1.2493 kg/jam
n =
35.4530 kg/kmol
= 0.0352 kmol/jam
= + +
C-283
7.3016E-02
= 3.7173E+01 x ( 303.15 - 298.15 ) +
2
x ( 303.15
2 -1.6956E-05 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 303.15 - 298.15 )
= 287.9628 kJ/kmol
9. F
31.2319 kg/jam
n =
18.9984 kg/kmol
= 1.6439 kmol/jam
= + +
5.1968E-01
= 1.7167E+01 x ( 303.15 - 298.15 )+ 2
x ( 303.15
2 -6.0949E-04 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 303.15 - 298.15 )
= 591.5773 kJ/kmol
Neraca Energi Aliran Keluar Cooler I

Komponen xi
(NH4)2HPO4 2,104.3771 132.0568 15.9354 0.7458 929.1500 14,806.3711
H2 O 0.4194 18.0154 0.0233 0.0011 168.2548 3.9170
SO3 123.6783 80.0622 1.5448 0.0723 1,053.5915 1,627.5646
CaO 21.6437 56.0794 0.3859 0.0181 208.3500 80.4121
MgO 52.5633 40.3114 1.3039 0.0610 183.7499 239.5972
Fe2O3 18.5518 159.6922 0.1162 0.0054 492.1000 57.1684
Al2O3 40.1955 101.9612 0.3942 0.0185 398.0332 156.9140
Cl 1.2368 35.4530 0.0349 0.0016 287.9628 10.0458
F 30.9196 18.9984 1.6275 0.0762 591.5773 962.7829
C-284
Total 2,393.5855 21.3661 1.0000 4,312.7695 17,944.7731
ΔQ = Qout - Qin
= 17,944.7731 kJ/jam - 385,057.4409 kJ/jam
= -367,112.6677 kJ/jam
Menghitung kebutuhan air pendingin
Qsteam = ΔQ : 95%
= -367,112.6677 kJ/jam : 95%
= -386,434.3871 kJ/jam
Qloss = Qcw x 5%
= -386,434.3871 kJ/jam x 5%
= -19,321.7194 kJ/jam
Qsteam
mcw =
ΔH
= -386,434.3871 kJ/jam
-3140.05 kJ/kg
= 123.0663 kg/jam
Tabel C.28 Neraca Energi Cooler I

Masuk Keluar
Komponen
Q24 Q25
(NH4)2HPO4 310,933.7930 14,806.3711
H2 O 83.0077 3.9170
SO3 40,672.3142 1,627.5646
CaO 1,688.6551 80.4121
MgO 5,427.7468 239.5972
Al2O3 1,200.5355 57.1684
Fe2O3 3,657.6192 156.9140
Cl 222.2543 10.0458
F 21,171.5150 962.7829
C-285
Qsteam -386,434.3871 0
Qloss 0 -19,321.7194
Total -1,376.9463 -1,376.9463
C.12 Neraca Energi Heater IV
Kondisi Operasi:
o
Tin = 30.00 C = 303.15 K
o
Tref = 25.00 C = 298.15 K
Pin = 4,47 atm
1. H3PO4
n = 140.9823 kg/jam
97.9954 kg/kmol
= 1.4387 kmol/jam
= + + +
0.00E+00
= 7.0240E-01 x ( 303.15 - 298.15 )+ 2
x ( 303.15 -
2 0.00E+00 3 0.00E+00
298.15 ) +
3
x ( 303.15 - 298.15 ) +
4
4
x ( 303.15 - 298.15 )
= 3.5120 kJ/kmol
2. H2O
C-286
= 114.6468 kg/jam
n
18.0154 kg/kmol
= 6.3638 kmol/jam
= + + + +
-3.9953E-02
= 9.2053E+01 x ( 303.15 - 298.15 )+ 2
x ( 303.15
2 -2.1103E-04 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 303.15 - 298.15 ) +
5.3469E-07 4
4
x ( 303.15 - 298.15 )
= 377.4864 kJ/kmol
3. SO3
n = 11.2786 kg/jam
80.0622 kg/kmol
= 0.1409 kmol/jam
= + +
2.1122E-01
= 6.7647E+01 x ( 303.15 - 298.15 )+ 2
x ( 303.15
2 8.8025E-04 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 303.15 - 298.15 )
= 1,053.5915 kJ/kmol
4. CaO
C-287
1.9738 kg/jam
n =
56.0794 kg/kmol
= 0.0352 kmol/jam
= 41.6700 kJ/kmol.K x ( 303.15 - 298.15 ) K
= 208.3500 kJ/kmol
5. MgO
4.7934 kg/jam
n =
40.3114 kg/kmol
= 0.1189 kmol/jam
= + +
1.1153E-01
= 1.0461E+01 x ( 303.15 - 298.15 ) +
2
x ( 303.15
2 -8.0123E-05 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 303.15 - 298.15 )
= 183.7499 kJ/kmol
6. Fe2O3
1.6918 kg/jam
n =
159.6922 kg/kmol
= 0.0106 kmol/jam
= 98.4200 kJ/kmol.K x ( 303.15 - 298.15 ) K
= 492.1000 kJ/kmol
C-288
7. Al2O3
3.6655 kg/jam
n =
101.9612 kg/kmol
= 0.0359 kmol/jam
= + +
3.8687E-01
= -8.1210E+00 x ( 303.15 - 298.15 )+ 2
x ( 303.15
2 -3.1623E-04 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 303.15 - 298.15 )
= 398.0332 kJ/kmol
8. Cl
0.1128 kg/jam
n =
35.4530 kg/kmol
= 0.0032 kmol/jam
= + +
7.3016E-02
= 3.7173E+01 x ( 303.15 - 298.15 )+ 2
x ( 303.15
2 -1.6956E-05 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 303.15 - 298.15 )
= 287.9628 kJ/kmol
9. F
C-289
2.8196 kg/jam
n =
18.9984 kg/kmol
= 0.1484 kmol/jam
= + +
5.1968E-01
= 1.7167E+01 x ( 303.15 - 298.15 )+ 2
x ( 303.15
2 -6.0949E-04 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 303.15 - 298.15 )
= 591.5773 kJ/kmol
Neraca Energi Aliran Masuk Heater IV

Komponen xi
H3PO4 140.9823 97.9954 1.4387 0.1734 3.5120 5.0526
H2 O 114.6468 18.0154 6.3638 0.7671 377.4864 2402.2562
SO3 11.2786 80.0622 0.1409 0.0170 1,053.5915 148.4226
CaO 1.9738 56.0794 0.0352 0.0042 208.3500 7.3332
MgO 4.7934 40.3114 0.1189 0.0143 183.7499 21.8496
Fe2O3 1.6918 159.6922 0.0106 0.0013 492.1000 5.2134
Al2O3 3.6655 101.9612 0.0359 0.0043 398.0332 14.3093
Cl 0.1128 35.4530 0.0032 0.0004 287.9628 0.9162
F 2.8196 18.9984 0.1484 0.0179 591.5773 87.7975
Total 255.6291 8.2956 1.0000 380.9984 2,693.1504
Kondisi Operasi:
o
Tout = 88.00 C = 361.15 K
o
Tref = 25.00 C = 298.15 K
Pin = 1 atm
C-290
1. H3PO4
140.9823 kg/jam
n =
97.9954 kg/kmol
= 1.4387 kmol/jam
= + + +
0.00E+00
= 7.0240E-01 x ( 361.15 - 298.15 )+ 2
x ( 361.15 -
2 0.00E+00 3 0.00E+00
298.15 ) +
3
x ( 361.15 - 298.15 ) +
4
4
x ( 361.15 - 298.15 )
= 44.2512 kJ/kmol
2. H2O
114.6468 kg/jam
n =
18.0154 kg/kmol
= 6.3638 kmol/jam
= + + + +
-8.4186E-03
= 3.3933E+01 x ( 361.15 - 298.15 )+ 2
x ( 361.15
2 2.9906E-05 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 361.15 - 298.15 ) +
-1.7825E-08 4 3.6934E-12
4
x ( 361.15 - 298.15 ) +
5
x
C-291
5
( 361.15 - 298.15 )
= 2,130.5088 kJ/kmol
3. SO3
11.2786 kg/jam
n =
80.0622 kg/kmol
= 0.1409 kmol/jam
= + +
2.1122E-01
= 6.7647E+01 x ( 361.15 - 298.15 )+ 2
x ( 361.15
2 8.8025E-04 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 361.15 + 298.15 )
= 14,693.0371 kJ/kmol
4. CaO
1.9738 kg/jam
n =
56.0794 kg/kmol
= 0.0352 kmol/jam
= 41.6700 kJ/kmol.K x ( 361.15 - 298.15 ) K
= 2,625.2100 kJ/kmol
5. MgO
4.7934 kg/jam
n =
40.3114 kg/kmol
C-292
= 0.1189 kmol/jam
= + +
1.1153E-01
= 1.0461E+01 x ( 361.15 - 298.15 )+ 2
x ( 361.15
2 -8.0123E-05 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 361.15 - 298.15 )
= 2,425.0885 kJ/kmol
6. Fe2O3
1.6918 kg/jam
n =
159.6922 kg/kmol
= 0.0106 kmol/jam
= 98.4200 kJ/kmol.K x ( 361.15 - 298.15 ) K
= 6,200.4600 kJ/kmol
7. Al2O3
3.6655 kg/jam
n =
101.9612 kg/kmol
= 0.0359 kmol/jam
= + +
3.8687E-01
= -8.1210E+00 x ( 361.15 - 298.15 )+ 2
x ( 361.15
C-293
2 -3.1623E-04 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 361.15 - 298.15 )
= 5,351.3249 kJ/kmol
8. Cl
0.1128 kg/jam
n =
35.4530 kg/kmol
= 0.0032 kmol/jam
= + +
7.3016E-02
= 3.7173E+01 x ( 361.15 - 298.15 )+ 2
x ( 361.15
2 -1.6956E-05 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 361.15 - 298.15 )
= 3,741.8549 kJ/kmol
9. F
2.8196 kg/jam
n =
18.9984 kg/kmol
= 0.1484 kmol/jam
= + +
5.1968E-01
= 1.7167E+01 x ( 361.15 - 298.15 )+ 2
x ( 361.15
2 -6.0949E-04 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 361.15 - 298.15 )
= 7,688.8463 kJ/kmol
C-294
Neraca Energi Aliran Keluar Heater IV
Komponen xi
H3PO4 140.9823 97.9954 1.4387 0.1734 44.2512 63.6625
H2 O 114.6468 18.0154 6.3638 0.7671 2,130.5088 13,558.1788
SO3 11.2786 80.0622 0.1409 0.0170 14,693.0371 2,069.8518
CaO 1.9738 56.0794 0.0352 0.0042 2,625.2100 92.3983
MgO 4.7934 40.3114 0.1189 0.0143 2,425.0885 288.3656
Fe2O3 1.6918 159.6922 0.0106 0.0013 6,200.4600 65.6885
Al2O3 3.6655 101.9612 0.0359 0.0043 5,351.3249 192.3799
Cl 0.1128 35.4530 0.0032 0.0004 3,741.8549 11.9054
F 2.8196 18.9984 0.1484 0.0179 7,688.8463 1,141.1209
Total 255.6291 8.2956 0.9406 44,900.5817 17,483.5516

Qsteam = Qout - Qin
= 17,483.5516 kJ/jam - 2,693.1504 kJ/jam
= 14,790.4012 kJ/jam
λ = Hv - HL
= 2,746.5 kJ/kg - 632.2 kJ/kg
= 2,114.3 kJ/kg
Qsteam
msteam =
λ
14,790.4012 kJ/jam
=
2,114.30 kJ/kg
= 6.9954 kg/jam
C-295
Tabel C.29 Neraca Energi Heater IV
Masuk Keluar
Komponen
Q17 Q18
H3PO4 5.0526 63.6625
H2 O 2,402.2562 13,558.1788
SO3 148.4226 2,069.8518
CaO 7.3332 92.3983
MgO 21.8496 288.3656
Al2O3 5.2134 65.6885
Fe2O3 14.3093 192.3799
Cl 0.9162 11.9054
F 87.7975 1,141.1209
Qsteam 14,790.4012 0
Total 17,483.5516 17,483.5516
C.12 Neraca Energi Scrubber
Aliran F17
Kondisi Operasi:
Tin = 124.00 oC = 397.15 K
o
Tref = 25.00 C = 298.15 K
Pin = 1 atm
1. NH3
70.4911 kg/jam
n =
17.0307 kg/kmol
= 4.1391 kmol/jam
C-296
= + + + +
-1.2581E-02
= 3.3573E+01 x ( 397.15 - 298.15 ) +
2
x ( 397.15
2 8.8906E-05 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 397.15 - 298.15 ) +
-7.1783E-08 4 1.8569E-11
4
x ( 397.15 - 298.15 ) +
5
x
5
( 397.15 - 298.15 )
= 3,684.9832 kJ/kmol
2. H2O
1,404.1798 kg/jam
n =
18.0154 kg/kmol
= 77.9433 kmol/jam
= + + + +
-8.4186E-03
= 3.3933E+01 x ( 397.15 - 298.15 ) +
2
x ( 397.15
2 2.9906E-05 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 397.15 - 298.15 ) +
-1.7825E-08 4 3.6934E-12
4
x ( 397.15 - 298.15 ) +
5
x
5
( 397.15 - 298.15 )
= 3,359.7785 kJ/kmol
3. SO3
C-297
1.2493 kg/jam
n =
80.0622 kg/kmol
= 0.0156 kmol/jam
= + +
2.1122E-01
= 6.7647E+01 x ( 397.15 - 298.15 )+ 2
x ( 397.15
2 8.8025E-04 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 397.15 - 298.15 )
= 24,570.2212 kJ/kmol
4. CaO
0.2186 kg/jam
n =
56.0794 kg/kmol
= 0.0039 kmol/jam
= 41.6700 kJ/kmol.K x ( 397.15 - 298.15 ) K
= 4,125.3300 kJ/kmol
5. MgO
0.5309 kg/jam
n =
40.3114 kg/kmol
= 0.0132 kmol/jam
= + +
C-298
1.1153E-01
= 1.0461E+01 x ( 397.15 - 298.15 ) +
2
x ( 397.15
2 -8.0123E-05 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 397.15 - 298.15 )
= 3,909.0404 kJ/kmol
6. Fe2O3
0.1874 kg/jam
n =
159.6922 kg/kmol
= 0.0012 kmol/jam
= 98.4200 kJ/kmol.K x ( 397.15 - 298.15 ) K
= 9,743.5800 kJ/kmol
7. Al2O3
0.4060 kg/jam
n =
101.9612 kg/kmol
= 0.0040 kmol/jam
= + +
3.8687E-01
= -8.1210E+00 x ( 397.15 - 298.15 )+ 2
x ( 397.15
2 -3.1623E-04 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 397.15 - 298.15 )
= 8,701.7388 kJ/kmol
8. Cl
C-299
0.0125 kg/jam
n =
35.4530 kg/kmol
= 0.0004 kmol/jam
= + +
7.3016E-02
= 3.7173E+01 x ( 397.15 - 298.15 )+ 2
x ( 397.15
2 -1.6956E-05 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 397.15 - 298.15 )
= 5,988.8914 kJ/kmol
9. F
0.3123 kg/jam
n =
18.9984 kg/kmol
= 0.0164 kmol/jam
= + +
5.1968E-01
= 1.7167E+01 x ( 397.15 - 298.15 )+ 2
x ( 397.15
2 -6.0949E-04 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 397.15 - 298.15 )
= 12,243.5944 kJ/kmol
Aliran 18
Kondisi Operasi:
o
Tin = 88.00 C = 361.15 K
o
Tref = 25.00 C = 298.15 K
C-300
1. H3PO4
140.9823 kg/jam
n =
97.9954 kg/kmol
= 1.4387 kmol/jam
= + + +
0.00E+00
= 7.0240E-01 x ( 361.15 - 298.15 )+ 2
x ( 361.15 -
2 0.00E+00 3 0.00E+00
298.15 ) +
3
x ( 361.15 - 298.15 ) +
4
4
x ( 361.15 - 298.15 )
= 44.2512 kJ/kmol
2. H2O
114.6468 kg/jam
n =
18.0154 kg/kmol
= 6.3638 kmol/jam
= + + + +
-8.4186E-03
= 3.3933E+01 x ( 361.15 - 298.15 )+ 2
x ( 361.15
2 2.9906E-05 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 361.15 - 298.15 ) +
-1.7825E-08 4 3.6934E-12
4
x ( 361.15 - 298.15 ) +
5
x
C-301
5
( 361.15 - 298.15 )
= 2,130.5088 kJ/kmol
3. SO3
11.2786 kg/jam
n =
80.0622 kg/kmol
= 0.1409 kmol/jam
= + +
2.1122E-01
= 6.7647E+01 x ( 361.15 - 298.15 )+ 2
x ( 361.15
2 8.8025E-04 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 361.15 - 298.15 )
= 14,693.0371 kJ/kmol
4. CaO
1.9738 kg/jam
n =
56.0794 kg/kmol
= 0.0352 kmol/jam
= 41.6700 kJ/kmol.K x ( 361.15 - 298.15 ) K
= 2,625.2100 kJ/kmol
5. MgO
4.7934 kg/jam
n =
40.3114 kg/kmol
C-302
= 0.1189 kmol/jam
= + +
1.1153E-01
= 1.0461E+01 x ( 361.15 - 298.15 )+ 2
x ( 361.15
2 -8.0123E-05 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 361.15 - 298.15 )
= 2,425.0885 kJ/kmol
6. Fe2O3
1.6918 kg/jam
n =
159.6922 kg/kmol
= 0.0106 kmol/jam
= 98.4200 kJ/kmol.K x ( 361.15 - 298.15 ) K
= 6,200.4600 kJ/kmol
7. Al2O3
3.6655 kg/jam
n =
101.9612 kg/kmol
= 0.0359 kmol/jam
= + +
3.8687E-01
= -8.1210E+00 x ( 361.15 - 298.15 )+ 2
x ( 361.15
C-303
2 -3.1623E-04 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 361.15 - 298.15 )
= 5,351.3249 kJ/kmol
8. Cl
0.1128 kg/jam
n =
35.4530 kg/kmol
= 0.0032 kmol/jam
= + +
7.3016E-02
= 3.7173E+01 x ( 361.15 - 298.15 )+ 2
x ( 361.15
2 -1.6956E-05 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 361.15 - 298.15 )
= 3,741.8549 kJ/kmol
9. F
2.8196 kg/jam
n =
18.9984 kg/kmol
= 0.1484 kmol/jam
= + +
5.1968E-01
= 1.7167E+01 x ( 361.15 - 298.15 )+ 2
x ( 361.15
2 -6.0949E-04 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 361.15 - 298.15 )
= 7,688.8463 kJ/kmol
C-304
Neraca Energi Aliran Masuk Scrubber
Komponen xi
NH3 70.4911 17.0307 4.1391 0.0458 2,314.9198 9,581.5935
H2O (g) 1,404.1798 18.0154 77.9433 0.8619 2,130.5088 166,058.8939
SO3 12.5279 80.0622 0.1565 0.0017 14,693.0371 2,299.1237
CaO 2.1924 56.0794 0.0391 0.0004 2,625.2100 102.6315
MgO 5.3243 40.3114 0.1321 0.0015 2,425.0885 320.3039
Fe2O3 1.8792 159.6922 0.0118 0.0001 6,200.4600 72.9648
Al2O3 4.0716 101.9612 0.0399 0.0004 5,351.3249 213.6936
Cl 0.1253 35.4530 0.0035 0.0000 3,741.8549 13.2247
F 3.1320 18.9984 0.1649 0.0018 7,688.8463 1,267.5524
H3PO4 140.9823 97.9954 1.4387 0.0159 44.2512 63.6625
H2O (g) 114.6468 18.0154 6.3638 0.0704 2,130.5088 13,558.1788
Total 1,489.3912 90.4326 1.0000 21,763.6757 178,042.2425
Kondisi Operasi:
o
Tout = 88.00 C = 361.15 K
o
Tref = 25.00 C = 298.15 K
Pin = 1 atm
Aliran F19
1. NH3
70.4911 kg/jam
n =
17.0307 kg/kmol
= 4.1391 kmol/jam
= + + + +
C-305
-1.2581E-02
= 3.3573E+01 x ( 361.15 - 298.15 ) +
2
x ( 361.15
2 8.8906E-05 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 361.15 - 298.15 ) +
-7.1783E-08 4 1.8569E-11
4
x ( 361.15 - 298.15 ) +
5
x
5
( 361.15 - 298.15 )
= 2,314.9198 kJ/kmol
Aliran F21
1. H3PO4
140.9823 kg/jam
n =
97.9954 kg/kmol
= 1.4387 kmol/jam
= + + +
0.00E+00
= 7.0240E-01 x ( 361.15 - 298.15 )+ 2
x ( 361.15 -
2 0.00E+00 3 0.00E+00
298.15 ) +
3
x ( 361.15 - 298.15 ) +
4
4
x ( 361.15 - 298.15 )
= 44.2512 kJ/kmol
2. H2O
1,518.8266 kg/jam
n =
18.0154 kg/kmol
= 84.3071 kmol/jam
C-306
= + + + +
-8.4186E-03
= 3.3933E+01 x ( 361.15 - 298.15 )+ 2
x ( 361.15
2 2.9906E-05 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 361.15 - 298.15 ) +
-1.7825E-08 4 3.6934E-12
4
x ( 361.15 - 298.15 ) 5
x
5
( 361.15 - 298.15 )
= 2,130.5088 kJ/kmol
3. SO3
12.5279 kg/jam
n =
80.0622 kg/kmol
= 0.1565 kmol/jam
= + +
2.1122E-01
= 6.7647E+01 x ( 361.15 - 298.15 )+ 2
x ( 361.15
2 8.8025E-04 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 361.15 - 298.15 )
= 14,693.0371 kJ/kmol
4. CaO
2.1924 kg/jam
n =
56.0794 kg/kmol
= 0.0391 kmol/jam
C-307
= 41.6700 kJ/kmol.K x ( 361.15 - 298.15 ) K
= 2,625.2100 kJ/kmol
5. MgO
5.3243 kg/jam
n =
40.3114 kg/kmol
= 0.1321 kmol/jam
= + +
1.1153E-01
= 1.0461E+01 x ( 361.15 - 298.15 )+ 2
x ( 361.15
2 -8.0123E-05 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 361.15 - 298.15 )
= 2,425.0885 kJ/kmol
6. Fe2O3
1.8792 kg/jam
n =
159.6922 kg/kmol
= 0.0118 kmol/jam
= 98.4200 kJ/kmol.K x ( 361.15 - 298.15 ) K
= 6,200.4600 kJ/kmol
7. Al2O3
C-308
4.0716 kg/jam
n =
101.9612 kg/kmol
= 0.0399 kmol/jam
= + +
3.8687E-01
= -8.1210E+00 x ( 361.15 - 298.15 )+ 2
x ( 361.15
2 -3.1623E-04 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 361.15 - 298.15 )
= 5,351.3249 kJ/kmol
8. Cl
0.1253 kg/jam
n =
35.4530 kg/kmol
= 0.0035 kmol/jam
= + +
7.3016E-02
= 3.7173E+01 ( 361.15 - 298.15 )+ 2
x ( 361.15
2 -1.6956E-05 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 361.15 - 298.15 )
= 3,741.8549 kJ/kmol
9. F
3.1320 kg/jam
n =
18.9984 kg/kmol
= 0.1649 kmol/jam
C-309
= + +
5.1968E-01
= 1.7167E+01 x ( 361.15 - 298.15 )+ 2
x ( 361.15
2 -6.0949E-04 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 361.15 - 298.15 )
= 7,688.8463 kJ/kmol
Neraca Energi Aliran Keluar Scrubber

Komponen xi
NH3 70.4911 17.0307 4.1391 0.0458 2,314.9198 9,581.5935
H2 O 1,518.8266 18.0154 84.3071 0.9323 2,130.5088 179,617.0727
SO3 12.5279 80.0622 0.1565 0.0017 14,693.0371 2,299.1237
CaO 2.1924 56.0794 0.0391 0.0004 2,625.2100 102.6315
MgO 5.3243 40.3114 0.1321 0.0015 2,425.0885 320.3039
Fe2O3 1.8792 159.6922 0.0118 0.0001 6,200.4600 72.9648
Al2O3 4.0716 101.9612 0.0399 0.0004 5,351.3249 213.6936
Cl 0.1253 35.4530 0.0035 0.0000 3,741.8549 13.2247
F 3.1320 18.9984 0.1649 0.0018 7,688.8463 1,267.5524
H3PO4 140.9823 97.9954 1.4387 0.0159 44.2512 63.6625
Total 1,589.3177 90.4326 1.0000 4,445.4286 193,551.8231
Tabel C.30 Neraca Energi Scrubber

Masuk Masuk Keluar Keluar
Komponen
Q16 Q18 Q19 Q21
NH3 9,581.5935 0 9,581.5935 0
H2 O 166,058.8939 13,558.1788 0 179,617.0727
SO3 2,299.1237 0 0 2,299.1237
CaO 102.6315 0 0 102.6315
MgO 320.3039 0 0 320.3039
Fe2O3 72.9648 0 0 72.9648
C-310
Al2O3 213.6936 0 0 213.6936
Cl 13.2247 0 0 13.2247
F 1,267.5524 0 0 1,267.5524
H3PO4 0 63.6625 0 63.6625
Total 193,551.8231 193,551.8231
C.13 Neraca Energi Expander I
Kondisi Operasi:
o
Tin = 32 C = 304.80 K
o
Tref = 25.00 C = 298.15 K
Pin = 12.00 atm
1. NH3
271.3909 kg/jam
n =
17.0307 kg/kmol
= 15.9354 kmol/jam
= + + +
3.3618E+00
= -1.8216E+02 x ( 304.80 - 298.15 )+ 2
x ( 304.80
2 -1.4398E-02 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 304.80 - 298.15 ) +
2.0371E-05 4
4
x ( 304.80 - 298.15 )
= 537.8033 kJ/kmol
2. H2O
C-311
1.3638 kg/jam
n =
18.0154 kg/kmol
= 0.0757 kmol/jam
= + + +
-3.9953E-02
= 9.2053E+01 x ( 304.80 - 298.15 )+ 2
x ( 304.80
2 -2.1103E-04 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 304.80 - 298.15 ) +
5.3469E-07 4
4
x ( 304.80 - 298.15 )
= 501.5732 kJ/kmol
Neraca Energi Aliran Masuk Expander I

Komponen xi
NH₃ 271.3909 70.4911 15.9354 0.9953 537.8033 8,570.1068
H₂O 1.3638 18.0154 0.0757 0.0047 501.5732 37.9693
Total 272.7547 16.0111 1.0000 1,039.3765 8,608.0761
Diketahui:
R = 8.3140 kJ/kmol.K
Ep = 0.65
Cp 1,039.3765
ɣ = =
Cp - R 1,039.3765 - 8.3140
= 1.0081
(ɣ - 1) x Ep ( 1.0081 - 1 ) x 0.65
m = = = 0.0052
ɣ 1.0081
C-312
Pout m 4.47 0.0052
Tout = Tin x ( Pin ) = 31.65 x ( 12 )
o
= 31 C
Kondisi Operasi:
o
Tin = 31 C = 304.63 K
o
Tref = 25.00 C = 298.15 K
Pout = 4.47 atm
1. NH3
271.3909 kg/jam
n =
17.0307 kg/kmol
= 15.9354 kmol/jam
= + + +
3.3618E+00
= -1.8216E+02 x ( 304.63 - 298.15 )+ 2
x ( 304.63
2 -1.4398E-02 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 304.63 - 298.15 ) +
2.0371E-05 4
4
x ( 304.63 - 298.15 )
= 524.5591 kJ/kmol
2. H2O
1.3638 kg/jam
n =
18.0154 kg/kmol
= 0.0757 kmol/jam
C-313
= + + +
-3.9953E-02
= 9.2053E+01 x ( 304.63 - 298.15 )+ 2
x ( 304.63
2 -2.1103E-04 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 304.63 - 298.15 ) +
5.3469E-07 4
4
x ( 304.63 - 298.15 )
= 489.3516 kJ/kmol
Neraca Energi Aliran Keluar Expander I

Komponen xi
NH₃ 271.3909 17.0307 15.9354 0.9953 524.5591 8,359.0556
H₂O 1.3638 18.0154 0.0757 0.0047 489.3516 37.0441
Total 272.7547 16.0111 1.0000 1,013.9107 8,396.0997
Menghitung panas yang hilang:

Qloss = Qout - Qin
= 8,396.0997 kJ/jam - 8,608.0761 kJ/jam
= -211.9764 kJ/jam
Tabel C.31 Neraca Energi Expander I

Masuk Keluar
Komponen
Q7 Q8
NH3 8,570.1068 8,359.0556
H2 O 37.9693 37.0441
Qloss -211.9764 -
Total 8,396.0997 8,396.0997
C.14 Neraca Energi Mix Tee Valve

C-314
Aliran F6
o
Tin = 32.00 C = 305.15 K
o
Tref = 25.00 C = 298.15 K
Pin = 12.00 atm
1. NH3
271.3942 kg/jam
n =
17.0307 kg/kmol
= 15.9356 kmol/jam
= + + + +
-1.2581E-02
= 3.3573E+01 x ( 305.15 - 298.15 )+ 2
x ( 305.15
2 8.8906E-05 3
298.15 ) +
3
x ( 305.15 - 298.15 ) +
-7.1783E-08 4 1.8569E-11
4
x ( 305.15 - 298.15 ) +
5
x
5
( 305.15 - 298.15 )
= 252.3593 kJ/kmol
Neraca Energi Aliran 6

Komponen xi
NH₃ 271.3942 17.0307 15.9356 1.0000 252.3593 4,021.4935
Total 271.3942 15.9356 1.0000 -2,049.4945 -34,904.3254
Aliran F20
o
Tin = 32.00 C = 305.15 K
o
Tref = 25.00 C = 298.15 K
C-315
Pin = 1.00 atm
1. NH3
70.4911 kg/jam
n =
17.0307 kg/kmol
= 4.1391 kmol/jam
= + + + +
-1.2581E-02
= 3.3573E+01 x ( 305.15 - 298.15 )+ 2
x ( 305.15
2 8.8906E-05 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 305.15 - 298.15 ) +
-7.1783E-08 4 1.86E-11
4
x ( 305.15 - 298.15 ) +
5
x
5
( 305.15 - 298.15 )
= 252.3593 kJ/kmol

Komponen xi
NH3 70.4911 17.0307 4.1391 1.0000 252.3593 1,044.5304
Total 70.4911 4.1391 1.0000 252.3593 1,044.5304
Aliran F7
Kondisi Operasi:
o
Tout = 32.00 C = 305.15 K
C-316
o
Tref = 25.00 C = 298.15 K
Pout = 12 atm
Temperatur pada keluaran mix tee valve (F7) merupakan temperatur yang timbul
karena adanya pencampuran antara komponen-komponen dari tiap aliran yang masuk.
Mix tee valve bersifat adiabatik, sehingga:
dQ
= 0
dT
Energi masuk = Energi keluar
1. NH3
341.8853 kg/jam
n =
17.0307 kg/kmol
= 20.0746 kmol/jam
= + + + +
-1.2581E-02
= 3.3573E+01 x ( 305.15 - 298.15 ) +
2
x ( 305.15
2 8.8906E-05 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 305.15 - 298.15 ) +
-7.1783E-08 4 1.8569E-11
4
x ( 305.15 - 298.15 ) +
5
x
5
( 305.15 - 298.15 )
= 252.3593 kJ/kmol
C-317
Komponen xi
NH3 341.8853 17.0307 20.0746 1.0000 252.3593 5,066.0239
Total 341.8853 20.0746 1.0000 252.3593 5,066.0239
Qin = Qout
Qin - Qout = 0
( 4,021.4935 + 1,044.5304 ) kJ/jam- 5,066.0239 kJ/jam = 0.0000 kJ/jam
5,066.0240 kJ/jam- 5,066.0239 kJ/jam = 0.0000 kJ/jam
C.15 Neraca Energi Cooler II
Kondisi Operasi:
o
Tin = 88.00 C = 361.15 K
o
Tref = 25.00 C = 298.15 K
Pin = 1.00 atm
1. NH3
70.4911 kg/jam
n =
17.0307 kg/kmol
= 4.1391 kmol/jam
= + + + +
-1.2581E-02
= 3.3573E+01 x ( 361.15 - 298.15 )+ 2
x ( 361.15
2 8.8906E-05 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 361.15 - 298.15 ) +
C-318
-7.1783E-08 4 1.8569E-11
4
x ( 361.15 - 298.15 ) +
5
x
5
( 361.15 - 298.15 )
= 2,314.9198 kJ/kmol
Neraca Energi Masuk Cooler II

Komponen xi
NH3 70.4911 17.0307 4.1391 1.0000 2,314.9198 9,581.5935
Total 70.4911 4.1391 1.0000 2,314.9198 9,581.5935
Kondisi Operasi:
o
Tout = 32.00 C = 305.15 K
o
Tref = 25.00 C = 298.15 K
Pin = 1.00 atm
1. NH3
70.4911 kg/jam
n =
17.0307 kg/kmol
= 4.1391 kmol/jam
= + + + +
-1.2581E-02
= 3.3573E+01 x ( 305.15 - 298.15 )+ 2
x ( 305.15
2 8.8906E-05 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 305.15 - 298.15 ) +
C-319
-7.1783E-08 4 1.8569E-11
4
x ( 305.15 - 298.15 ) +
5
x
5
( 305.15 - 298.15 )
= 252.3593 kJ/kmol
Neraca Energi Keluar Cooler II

Komponen xi
NH3 70.4911 17.0307 4.1391 1.0000 252.3593 1,044.5304
Total 70.4911 4.1391 1.0000 252.3593 1,044.5304
Menghitung kebutuhan Q:
Qin = Qout
Q20 + Q = Q21
Q = Q21 - Q20
= 1,044.5304 kJ/mol - 9,581.5935 kJ/mol
= -8,537.0630 kJ/mol
Menghitung kebutuhan air pendingin
Qsteam = ΔQ : 95%
= -8,537.0630 kJ/jam : 95%
= -8,986.3821 kJ/jam
Qloss = Qcw x 5%
= -8,986.3821 kJ/jamx 5%
= -449.3191 kJ/jam
Qsteam
mcw =
ΔH
= -8,986.3821 kJ/jam
-3140.05 kJ/kg
= 2.8619 kg/jam
C-320
Tabel C.32 Neraca Energi Cooler II
Masuk Keluar
Komponen
Q19 Q20
NH3 9,581.5935 1,044.5304
Qsteam -8,986.3821 0
Qloss 0 -449.3191
Total 595.2113 595.2113
C.16 Neraca Energi Expander II
Kondisi Operasi:
o
Tin = 32 C = 304.78 K
o
Tref = 25.00 C = 298.15 K
Pin = 12.00 atm
1. NH3
341.8821 kg/jam
n =
17.0307 kg/kmol
= 20.0745 kmol/jam
= + + +
3.3618E+00
= -1.8216E+02 x ( 304.78 - 298.15 )+ 2
x ( 304.78
2 -1.4398E-02 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 304.78 - 298.15 ) +
2.0371E-05 4
4
x ( 304.78 - 298.15 )
= 536.3655 kJ/kmol
C-321
2. H2O
1.7180 kg/jam
n =
18.0154 kg/kmol
= 0.0954 kmol/jam
= + + +
-3.9953E-02
= 9.2053E+01 x ( 304.78 - 298.15 )+ 2
x ( 304.78
2 -2.1103E-04 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 304.78 - 298.15 ) +
5.3469E-07 4
4
x ( 304.78 - 298.15 )
= 500.2468 kJ/kmol
Neraca Energi Aliran Masuk Expander II

Komponen xi
NH₃ 341.8821 17.0307 20.0745 1.2538 536.3655 10,767.2478
H₂O 1.7180 18.0154 0.0954 0.0060 500.2468 47.7050
Total 343.6001 20.1698 1.2597 1,036.6123 10,814.9528
Diketahui:
R = 8.3140 kJ/kmol.K
Ep = 0.65
Cp 1,036.6123
ɣ = = = 1.0081
Cp - R 1,036.6123 - 8.3140
(ɣ - 1) x Ep ( 1.0081 - 1 ) x 0.65
m = = = 0.0052
ɣ 1.0081
C-322
Pout m 1 0.0052
Tout = Tin x ( Pin ) = 31.63 x ( 12 )
o
= 31 C
= 304.37 K
Kondisi Operasi:
o
Tin = 31 C = 304.37 K
o
Tref = 25.00 C = 298.15 K
Pin = 1.00 atm
1. NH3
341.8821 kg/jam
n =
17.0307 kg/kmol
= 20.0745 kmol/jam
= + + +
3.3618E+00
= -1.8216E+02 x ( 304.37 - 298.15 ) +
2
x ( 304.37
2 -1.4398E-02 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 304.37 - 298.15 ) +
2.0371E-05 4
4
x ( 304.37 - 298.15 )
= 503.1137 kJ/kmol
2. H2O
1.7180 kg/jam
n =
18.0154 kg/kmol
C-323
= 0.0954 kmol/jam
= + + +
-3.9953E-02
= 9.2053E+01 x ( 304.37 - 298.15 )+ 2
x ( 304.37
2 -2.1103E-04 3
- 298.15 ) +
3
x ( 304.37 - 298.15 ) +
5.3469E-07 4
4
x ( 304.37 - 298.15 )
= 469.5473 kJ/kmol
Neraca Energi Aliran Keluar Expander II

Komponen xi
NH₃ 341.8821 17.0307 20.0745 1.2538 503.1137 10,099.7355
H₂O 1.7180 18.0154 0.0954 0.0060 469.5473 44.7774
Total 343.6001 20.1698 1.2597 972.6610 10,144.5129
Menghitung panas yang hilang

Qloss = Qout - Qin
= 10,144.5129 kJ/jam - 10,814.9528 kJ/jam
= -670.4399 kJ/jam
Tabel C.33 Neraca Energi Expander II

Masuk Keluar
Komponen
Q13 Q14
NH3 10,767.2478 10,099.7355
H2 O 47.7050 44.7774
Qloss -670.4399 -
Total 10,144.5129 10,144.5129
C-324

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LAMPIRAN C

PERHITUNGAN NERACA ENERGI

Kapasitas Produksi = 10,000 ton/tahun

Waktu operasi = 330 hari/tahun

Secara umum, dalam perhitungan neraca energi menggunakan persamaan:

1. Perhitungan Beban Panas pada Aliran Masuk dan Aliran Keluar

a. Kapasitas Panas Komponen Gas (Cpv)

Cpv = A + BT + CT2 + DT3 + ET4

Tabel C.1 Data Koefisien Regresi Komponen Gas

c. Kapasitas Panas Komponen Cair (CpL)

CpL = A + BT + CT2 + DT3

Tabel C.3 Data Koefisien Regresi Komponen Cair

c. Kapasitas Panas Komponen Padat (Cps)

3. Estimasi Cp dengan Metode Hurst dan Harrison

Tabel C.5 Kontribusi Unsur dan Gugus untuk Estimasi Cp

Tabel C.6 Kapasitas Panas Padatan pada 298,15 K

4. Perhitungan Panas Reaksi

ΔHr,T = ΔH0r + ΔHproduk - ΔHreaktan

Tabel C.7 ΔH Komponen pada Keadaan Standar

ΔH Komponen pada ΔH Komponen pada

NH3 (g) -10.9600 -45.8566

Tabel C.8 Data Steam dan Air Pendingin yang Digunakan

Tabel C.9 Tekanan Uap Murni

H2O 2.9861.E+01 -3.1522.E+03 -7.3037.E+00 2.4247.E-09 1.8090.E-06

SO3 1.1405.E+02 -6.4619.E+03 -3.6784.E+01 -1.7530.E-07 1.1919.E-05

MgO -4.1273.E+01 -1.4025.E+04 1.5392.E+01 -2.3614.E-03 1.1265.E-07

Al2O3 1.4161.E+01 -2.8238.E+04 -7.3843.E-01 -3.7413.E-07 2.2086.E-12

F2 2.7141.E+01 -5.7201.E+02 -1.0015.E+01 2.1078.E-02 8.9567.E-13

Cl2 2.8866.E+01 -1.6745.E+03 -8.5216.E+00 5.3792.E-03 -7.7867.E-13

C.1.1 Neraca Energi Masuk (Qin)

Neraca Energi Aliran Masuk Refrigerant Tangki Penyimpanan Amoniak

C.1.2 Neraca Energi Keluar (Qout)

Neraca Energi Aliran Keluar Refrigerant Tangki Penyimpanan Amoniak

Menghitung kebutuhan refrigerant

Tabel C.10 Neraca Energi Refrigerant Tangki Penyimpanan Amonia

C.2 Neraca Energi Vaporizer I

C.2.1 Neraca Energi Masuk (Qin)

Neraca Energi Aliran Masuk Vaporizer I

Menentukan suhu keluaran vaporizer dengan cara:

Tabel C.11 Tekanan Uap Murni Masing-masing Komponen

H2O 2.9861.E+01 -3.1522.E+03 -7.3037.E+00 2.4247.E-09 1.8090.E-06

Tabel C.12 Perhitungan Suhu Bubble Vaporizer I

H2 O 3.5001.E+01 3.8378.E-03 1.8145.E-05 0.0757 0.0047

2. Menentukan kondisi dew point

Tabel C.13 Perhitungan Suhu Dew Vaporizer I

Tabel C.14 Panas Penguapan pada Titik Didih Normal

NH3 239.72 405.65 23,852.4837

(Yaws, 1999 Hal.7)

Untuk menghitung entalpi panas penguapan (ΔH v) digunakan Persamaan Watson:

Qv = 289,225.43 kJ/jam + 3,386.7310 kJ/jam

2. Panas Sensibel Gas Keluar

Cp dT = A + BT + CT2 + DT3 + ET4

Cp dT = A + BT + CT2 + DT3 + ET4

Neraca Energi Aliran Keluar Vaporizer I

Tabel C.15 Neraca Energi Vaporizer I

C.3 Neraca Energi Heater I

C.3.1 Neraca Energi Masuk (Qin)

Cp dT = A + BT + CT2 + DT3 + ET4

Cp dT = A + BT + CT2 + DT3 + ET4

Neraca Energi Aliran Masuk Heater I

C.3.2 Neraca Energi Keluar (Qout)

Cp dT = A + BT + CT2 + DT3 + ET4

Cp dT = A + BT + CT2 + DT3 + ET4