HEAT EXCHANGER (HE-01)

Tugas : Menukar kalor antara gas hasil keluaran reaktor yang digunakan untuk
memanaskan fresh feed reaktor
Jenis : Shell And Tube
Sketsa :

Kondisi Operasi:
Umpan masuk reaktor
P = 1.5 atm= 151.9875 kPa
T = 14.94 o
C = 288.09 K
Komponen BM kmol/jam fraksi mol kg/jam fraksi massa
n-C4H10 58.124 539.3763 0.9932 31350.708 0.9935
i-C4H10 58.124 1.0809 0.0020 62.827 0.0020
n-C4H8 56 0.2815 0.0005 15.766 0.0005
n-C4H6 54.09 2.3318 0.0043 126.127 0.0040
Total 543.0705 1.0000 31,555.427 1.0000

Gas Keluaran Reaktor

P = 1.0713 atm
T = 567.60085 oC = 840.75085 K
Komponen BM kmol/jam fraksi mol kg/jam fraksi massa
n-C4H10 58 291.2632 0.3217 16929.382 0.5368
i-C4H10 58 1.0809 0.0012 62.827 0.0020
n-C4H8 56 134.1331 0.1481 7511.454 0.2382
C4H6 54 116.5933 0.1288 6306.533 0.2000
H2 2 362.3746 0.4002 724.749 0.0230
Total 905.4452 1.0000 31534.945 1.0000

A. Kapasitas Panas Fasa Gas

Persamaan yang digunakan:
Dimana :
Cp = Kapasitas panas fasa cair (kJ/kmol.K)

A,B,C,D,E = Konstanta kapasitas panas masing-masing komponen

T = Suhu operasi (K)
Data konstanta diperoleh dari Yaws, "Chemical Engineering Properties Handbook",1999
Komponen A B C D E
n-C4H10 20.056 2.82E-01 -1.31E-05 -9.5E-08 3.41E-11
i-C4H10 6.772 3.41E-01 -1.03E-04 -3.7E-08 2.04E-11
n-C4H8 24.915 2.06E-01 5.98E-05 -1.4E-07 4.77E-11
n-C4H6 18.835 2.05E-01 6.25E-05 -1.7E-07 6.09E-11
B. Kapasitas Panas Fasa Gas
Persamaan yang digunakan:
Dimana :
Cp = Kapasitas panas fasa gas (kJ/kmol.K)
A,B,C,D,E = Konstanta kapasitas panas masing-masing komponen
 T = Suhu operasi (K)
Data konstanta diperoleh dari Yaws, "Chemical Engineering Properties
Handbook",1999
Komponen A B C D E
n-C4H10 20.056 2.82E-01 -1.31E-05 -9.5E-08 3.41E-11
i-C4H10 6.772 3.41E-01 -1.03E-04 -3.7E-08 2.04E-11
n-C4H8 24.915 2.06E-01 5.98E-05 -1.4E-07 4.77E-11
C4H6 18.835 2.05E-01 6.25E-05 -1.7E-07 6.09E-11
H2 25.399 2.02E-02 -3.85E-05 3.19E-08 -8.76E-12

C. Konduktivitas Thermal Fasa Gas

Persamaan yang digunakan:
Dimana :
Cp = Konduktivitas Thermal fasa gas (kJ/kmol.K)
A,B,C,D,E = Konstanta konduktivitas thermal masing-masing komponen
T = Suhu operasi (K)
Data konstanta diperoleh dari Yaws, "Chemical Engineering Properties Handbook",1999
Komponen A B C
n-C4H10 -0.00182 1.94E-05 1.4E-07
i-C4H10 -0.00115 1.49E-05 1.5E-07
n-C4H8 -0.00293 3.02E-05 1.0E-07
n-C4H6 -0.00085 7.15E-06 1.6E-07
D. Konduktivitas Thermal Fasa Gas
Persamaan yang digunakan :

= Konduktivitas termal fasa gas (J/s.m.K)

A,B,dan C = Konstanta Konduktivitas termal fasa gas
T = Suhu operasi (K)
Data konstanta A, B, C
Diperoleh dari Yaws, "Chemical Engineering Properties Handbook",1999
Komponen A B C
n-C4H10 -0.00182 1.94E-05 1.4E-07
i-C4H10 -0.00115 1.49E-05 1.5E-07
n-C4H8 -0.00293 3.02E-05 1.0E-07
C4H6 -0.00085 7.15E-06 1.6E-07
H2 0.03951 4.59E-04 -6.5E-08

E. Viskositas fase gas

Diperoleh dari Yaws, "Chemical Engineering Properties Handbook",1999
µgas =10 (A+B/T+CT+DT2)x0.001
dengan hubungan :
µgas : viskositas cair [ kg/m.s ]
A, B, C : konstanta
T : suhu operasi [ K ]
Data konstanta A, B, C
Diperoleh dari Yaws, "Chemical Engineering Properties Handbook",1999
Komponen A B C
n-C4H10 -4.95E+00 2.900E-01 -6.967E-05
i-C4H10 -4.73E+00 2.913E-01 -8.100E-05
n-C4H8 -9.14E+00 3.156E-01 -8.416E-05
n-C4H6 1.03E+01 2.683E-01 4.115E-05

F. Viskositas fase gas

 Diperoleh dari Yaws, "Chemical Engineering Properties Handbook",1999
µgas = A+BT+CT2
dengan hubungan :
µgas : viskositas gas [ kg/m.s ]
A, B, C : konstanta
T : suhu operasi [ K ]
Data konstanta A, B, C
Diperoleh dari Yaws, "Chemical Engineering Properties Handbook",1999
Komponen A B C
n-C4H10 -4.95E+00 2.90E-01 -7.0E-05
i-C4H10 -4.73E+00 2.91E-01 -8.1E-05
n-C4H8 -9.14E+00 3.16E-01 -8.4E-05
C4H6 1.03E+01 2.68E-01 4.1E-05
H2 2.78E+01 2.12E-01 -3.3E-05

G. Densitas fase gas

Komponen BM kmol/jam Yi ρ (kg/m3)
n-C4H10 58.124 539.376293396 9.97E-01 3.587595389083
i-C4H10 58.124 1.08091441562 2.00E-03 0.007189569918
n-C4H8 56 0.28153304256 5.21E-04 0.001804153601
C4H6 54.09 2.33179521292 4.31E-03 0.014433228806
Total 543.070536067 1.00E+00 3.611022341407

Langkah perhitungan
1 . Beban panas
2 . Media pemanas
3 . Beda suhu rerata
4. Koefisien perpindahan kalor
5 . Alat penukar kalor
6 . Route fluida
7 . Koefisien perpindahan kalor hi, hio, ho dan Uc
8 . Faktor pengotoran
9 . Penurunan tekanan

1. Beban Panas
Beban panas untuk menaikan suhu
Qs = Σ Vi x cpgi x (T2 - T1)
Keterangan:
cpli : Kapasitas panas masing-masing komponen [ kJ /kmol K ]
Vi : Kecepatan mol komponen gas masuk heat exchanger [ kmol /jam ]
T1 : Suhu fluida dingin masuk [ K ]
T2 : Suhu fluida dingin keluar [ K ]
untuk T1 = 14.94 o
C = 288.09 K
T2 = 30.00 o
C = 303.15 K
suhu fluida dingin rerata : Tav = (T1 +T2 ) /2 = 288.09 + 303.15
2
= 295.62 K
Bahan baku (Fluida dingin)
Komponen V (kmol/jam) cpl dT Q = n cp dT
n-C4H10 539.3763 1505.2387 811890.0645
i-C4H10 1.0809 1475.0231 1594.3737
n-C4H8 0.2815 1323.5706 372.6289
n-C4H6 2.3318 1217.6236 2839.2489
 Total 543.0705 5521.4560 816696.3160

Q1 = 816696.316 kJ /jam
Densitas
Komponen BM kmol/jam yi BMmix kg/jam ρ (kg/m3)
n-C4H10 58.124 539.3763 0.99319749 57.7286 31350.708 3.5876
i-C4H10 58.124 1.0809 0.00199038 0.11569 62.827069 0.0072
n-C4H8 56 0.2815 0.00051841 0.02903 15.76585 0.0018
n-C4H6 54.09 2.3318 0.00429372 0.23225 126.1268 0.0144
Total 543.0705 1.0000 58.1056 31555.427 3.6110
BMmix = 58.11 kg/kmol
3.6110 kg/m3
Viskositas
miu × yi ×
Komponen BM kmol/ jam yi miu yi.BM0,5
BM0,5
n-C4H10 58.124 539.3763 0.9932 7.5E-06 7.5720 5.7E-05
i-C4H10 58.124 1.0809 0.0020 7.4E-06 0.0152 1.1E-07
n-C4H8 56 0.2815 0.0005 7.7E-06 0.0039 3.0E-08
n-C4H6 54.09 2.3318 0.0043 9.3E-06 0.0316 2.9E-07
Total 543.0705 1.0000 3.2E-05 7.6227 6E-05

miuav = 5.7E-05 = 7E-06 kg/m.s = 3E-01 kg/m.jam

7.6227

Konduktivitas termal
Komponen BM kmol/jam yi yi.kth.BM1/3 yi.BM1/3
kth
n-C4H10 58.124 539.376 0.9932 0.0160 0.0615 3.8473
i-C4H10 58.124 1.081 0.0020 0.0163 0.0001 0.0077
n-C4H8 56 0.282 0.0005 0.0149 0.0000 0.0020
n-C4H6 54.09 2.332 0.0043 0.0154 0.0003 0.0162
Total 543.071 1.000 0.063 0.062 3.873

kthav = 0.0160 J/s.m.K = 4E-09 kJ/jam.m.K

2. Media Pemanas
Sebagai media pemanas digunakan campuran gas keluaran exspansion valve 2
Massa keluar kompresor = 31534.9449 kg/jam Trial T
Tekanan, P = 1.07 atm = 108.549473 kPa T Q1 - Q2
Suhu masuk [t1] = 568 C
o
= 840.75 K 600 -727752.7020
Suhu keluar [t2] = 556 oC = 829.26 K 610 461276.4546
Suhu campuran, Tav = 561.9 C = o
835.01 K Interpolasi diperoleh nilai T =
Kapasitas Panas (Cp) 606.1205623
Komponen kmol/jam cpg dT Q = F Cpg dT
n-C4H10 291.2632 2384.3252 694466.1901
i-C4H10 1.0809 2398.7117 2592.8021
n-C4H8 134.1331 2065.1225 277001.2769
C4H6 116.5933 1874.0379 218500.3024
H2 362.3746 340.9387 123547.5181
Total 905.4452 9063.1359 1316108.0897
Q2 = 1316108.090 kJ/jam
Q1-Q2 = - 499,411.7737 (iterasi T2 sehingga Q1-Q2=0)
Komponen BM kmol/jam yi BMmix
 Komponen BM kmol/jam yi BMmix
n-C4H10 58 291.2632 0.3217 18.6973
i-C4H10 58 1.0809 0.0012 0.06939
n-C4H8 56 134.1331 0.1481 8.29587
C4H6 54 116.5933 0.1288 6.96512
H2 2 362.3746 0.4002 0.80043
Total 905.4452 1.0000 34.8281
R = 8.314 kPa.m3/kmol.K
BMmix = 34.83 kg/kmol
Densitas = 0.5446 kg/m3

Viskositas
miu × yi ×
Komponen BM kmol/ jam yi miu yi.BM0,5
BM0,5
n-C4H10 58 291.2632 0.3217 1.89E-05 4.62634E-05 2.4525
i-C4H10 58 1.0809 0.0012 1.82E-05 1.65683E-07 0.0091
n-C4H8 56 134.1331 0.1481 1.96E-05 2.16971E-05 1.1086
C4H6 54 116.5933 0.1288 2.63E-05 2.49075E-05 0.9470
H2 2 362.3746 0.4002 1.82E-05 1.0296E-05 0.5660
Total 905.4452 1.0000 1.01E-04 0.00010333 5.0832
miuav = 0.0001033 = 2.0328E-05 kg/m.s = 0.0732 kg/m.jam
5.0832

Konduktivitas termal
Komponen BM kmol/jam yi kth yi.kth.BM1/3 yi.BM1/3
n-C4H10 58 291.263 0.3217 0.1107 0.1380 1.2461
i-C4H10 58 1.081 0.0012 0.1154 0.0005 0.0046
n-C4H8 56 134.133 0.1481 0.0934 0.0529 0.5668
C4H6 54 116.593 0.1288 0.1181 0.0575 0.4870
H2 2 362.375 0.4002 0.3777 0.1904 0.5042
Total 905.445 1.000 0.815 0.439 2.809
kthav = 0.15642 J/s.m.K
= 0.5631 kJ/jam.m.K

3. Beda suhu rerata

Fluida Suhu Atas (K) Suhu Bawah (K)
Panas 829.26 840.75
Dingin 288.09 303.15
delT 541.17 537.60

t 2  t1
LMTD 
t 2
ln( )
t1
LMTD = 541.17 - 537.60
ln 541.17
537.60
= 539.38 K

4. Koefisien perpindahan kalor

Diprediksi berdasarkan tabel 8 Kern hal 840
 Dipilih Ud = 5.283 BTU/ft2.jam.F
= 107.9215 kJ/m2.jam.K

5. Alat Penukar Kalor Standar

Luas perpindahan kalor yang diperlukan
dihitung dengan persamaan:

Qt
A
Ud t
Dengan hubungan :
A : Luas perpindahan kalor yang diperlukan [m2]
Qt : Beban panas [kJ/jam]
Ud : Koefisien perpindahan kalor design [kJ/m2.jam.K]
Δt : Beda suhu rerata [K]
A = 816696.3160 kJ/jam = 14.0299 m2
107.9215 kJ/m .jam.K
2
× 539.4 K
= 151.0165681 ft2
Karena luas perpindahan kalor > 100 ft2, maka jenis alat penukar kalor yang sesuai
adalah shell & Tube heat exchanger
Route fluida:
Tube side : hot fluid (Gas Keluaran Reaktor), 31534.945 kg/jam
Shell side : cold fluid (Baham baku ), 31555.43 kg/jam

a. Ukuran tabung
Dari tabel 8 (Kern, 1965) halaman 843 dipilih :
dipilih 0,75" OD , 14 BWG =
Diameter luar tabung , ODt = 1 in = 0.0254001 m
Diameter dalam tabung, IDt = 0.902 in = 0.0229108 m
Luas lintang per tube, at' = 0.714 in2 = 0.0004606 m2
Luas permukaan lintang tube, at = 0.2618 ft2/ft = 0.0797927 m2/m
Panjang tabung :
Berdasarkan buku Chemical Engineering Design and Practice and Economics of Plant and Process Design,
Towler dan Sinnot, hal 805, panjang tabung standart 6ft, 8ft, 12ft, 16ft, 24ft
Dipilih :
Panjang tabung L = 6 ft = 1.82871076 m

b. Jumlah pipa

Nt = 14.0299 m2
1.8287 m x 0.07979 m2/m
= 96.149
c. Alat Penukar Panas Standart
Dati tebel 9, buku Process Heat Transfer, Kern, D.Q., halaman 842 dipilih :

Susunan : 3/4" pada 1 in Triangular Pitch

Pitch = 1.0000 in = 0.0254 m
Diameter Selongsong, IDS = 15 in = 0.3874 m
Jumlah Tabung, nt = 170
Tube Pass, np = 1

d. Diameter Ekuivalen
Berdasarkan Fig . 28 halaman 838, Process Heat Transfer, Kern ,D.Q., diperoleh :
De = 0.73 in x 0.0254 m/in
De = 0.018542 m
= 0.0608333 ft

e. Luas Perpindahan Panas Standar (terkoreksi)

A = 170 x 1.82871 m x 0.0798 m2/m

= 25 m2

f. Koefisien Perpindahan Kalor Standart (Terkoreksi)

Ud = 816,696.316 Kj/jam
25 m2 x 539.38 K
= 61.039 kJ/jam.m2.K
= 16.955 J/s.m2.K
= 2.988 BTU/jam.ft2.F (Memenuhi)

6. Route Fluida
Fluida dingin dialirkan dalam selongsong, sedangkan fluida panas dialirkan dalam tabung.

7. Koefisien Perpindahan Kalor dalam Tabung, Selongsong , dan Gabungan

 Selongsong (Shell)= Fluida dingin
- Luas Aliran Shell (As)

- Jarak Antar Baffle (B)

Jarak antar baffle berkisar antara IDs/5 sampai dengan IDs.

Dipilih : B = IDs 0.3874 m

=
5 5
B = 0.0775 m
0.2542 ft
- Pitch
Pitch = 0.0833 ft

- Clearance (C')
C' = IDs - Odt
= 0.3874 m - 0.0254 m
= 0.3620 m
= 1.1876 ft

Sehingga :

As = 0.1181 ft x 0.2542 ft x 1.1876 ft

0.0833 ft
= 0.4276158 ft2

- Fluks Massa (Gs)

Gs = 69,579.7174 lbm/jam
0.42761577 ft2
= 162,715.51 lbm/jam.ft2

µ = 3E-01 kg/m.jam
= 2E-01 lb/ft.jam

Cp = 0.0950 kJ/kg.K = 0.0227 BTU/lb.F

k = 2E-02 J/s.m.K
= 9E-03 BTU/jam.ft.F

Bilangan Reynold
Re = (De G𝑠)/μ

Re = 0.0608333 ft x 162,715.507 lbm/jam.ft2

2E-01 lbm/ft.jam
= 54,721.6988

Koefisien Perpindahan Kalor

dari fig-28 kern, 1965

 jH = 140
ho = 140 x 0.009 1.1876 x 0.1808885 ^ 1
x ( )
0.06083333 0.009 3
= 60.834 BTU/jam.ft2.F

Tube = Fluida Panas

- Luas Aliran 79.8

at = 170 x 0.714 in2

x ft2
144 x 1
= 0.8429167 ft2

- Flux Massa
Gt = Kecepatan Massa
at
= 69,534.554 lbm/jam
0.8429166667 ft2
= 82,492.80 lbm/jam.ft2

Cp = 0.2602 kJ/kg.K
= 0.0622 BTU/lb.F

µ = 0.0732 kg/m.jam
= 0.0492 lb/ft.jam

k = 0.15642 J/s.m.K
= 0.09073 BTU/jam.ft.F
Bilangan Reynold
Re = (D G𝑝)/μ

Re = 0.0751667 ft x 82,492.797 lbm/jam.ft2

0.0492 BTU/jam.ft.F
= 126,095.4762

Koefisien Perpindahan Kalor

jH = 225
hi = 225 x 0.09073 0.062 x 0.0492 ^ 1
x ( )
0.07516667 0.09073 3
= 87.71 BTU/jam.ft2.F

hio = 87.70947 BTU/jam.ft2.F x 0.07517 ft

0.08333 ft
= 79.11 BTU/jam.ft2.F
 Koefisien Perpindahan Kalor Gabungan
hio x ho
Uc 
hio  ho
Uc = 79.11395 x 60.834
79.11395 + 60.834
= 34.38992 BTU/jam.ft2.F

Faktor Pengotor
Dihitung dengan persamaan :
1 1
Rd  
Ud Uc
Rd = 1 1
-
2.988 34.39
= 0.3056 ft2.jam.F/BTU

Faktor pengotor minimum

Rd min = 0.0015
Karena, Rd>Rd min maka perancangan diterima

8. Penurunan Tekanan
a. Tube Side, Hot Fluid
Dihitung dengan persamaan :

D = 0.0751667 ft
Dari Fig-26 hal 836 Kern, 1965:
f = 0.00014 Psia
s = 0.0054491
n = 1
L = 6 ft
Gt = 82,492.797 lbm/jam.ft2

sehingga didapat :
∆Pt = 0.00014 psia x 6,805,061,569.480 x 6 x 1
52200000000 x 0.0752 x 0.0054491
= 0.27 psi
= 0.018 Atm

b. Shell Side, Cold Fluid

Dihitung dengan persamaan :

De = 0.0608333 ft
Dari Fig-29 Kern halaman 839, 1965:
f = 0.00017
s = 0.36075457
n = 2
L = 6 ft
Gs = 162,715.51 lbm/ft2.jam
IDs = 1.2708 ft
N+1 = L/B = 23.6054
Re = 54,721.6988

sehingga didapat :
∆Pt = 0.00017 x 26,476,336,108 x 1.2708 x 23.6054
52200000000 x 0.06083333 x 0.3607546
= 0.1179 Psi
= 0.0080 atm
 RINGKASAN HEAT EXCHANGER 1 (H-01)

Alat : Heat Exchanger

Kode : HE-01
Tugas : Memanaskan umpan masuk reaktor

Jenis Alat : Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger

Sketsa :

Kondisi Operasi :
P = 1.5000 atm = 1140 mmHg
T1 = 14.94 C
o
= 288.09 K
T2 = 30.00 C
o
= 303.15 K

Ukuran Alat :
Spesifikasi Shell Tube
ID (in) 15 0.90
OD (in) 0.73 1

Jumlah Pipa = 170

Panjang Pipa = 6 ft = 1.8288 m
Luas perpindahan kalor standar = 24.8060 m 2

Beban Panas = 816696.316 kJ/jam

Media Pemanas :
Jenis = Gas Keluaran Reaktor
Suhu masuk = 567.6 o
C = 840.75 K
Suhu keluar = 556.1 C = o
829.26 K
Massa pemanas = 31,534.94 kg/jam

Koefisien Perpindahan Panas :

ho = 60.83 BTU/jam.ft2.oF
hio = 79.114 BTU/jam.ft2.oF
Uc = 34.390 BTU/jam.ft2.oF
Rd terhitung = 0.306 h.ft2.oF/BTU
Rd minimum = 0.0015 h.ft2.oF/BTU
Pressure drop Shell = 0.118 psi = 0.00801798 atm
Pressure drop Tube = 0.267 psi = 0.0181876 atm
Outlet Pressure Tube = 1.0531 atm
Outlet Pressure Shell = 1.49198 atm

Effisiensi = %
n.Cp.dT 1 n.Cp.dT 2 = m.Cp. dT 3
-14.85457237 25
258.1454276 298
CP CP
-1.37E+03 2.14E+03 561.680274887671 0.001
-1.33E+03 2.43E+03 636.875923364924 0.991
1.97E+03 1,198.55620

Mol Mol
270.572396 0.281541647
0.542229251 268.8121131
2.331866482

-3.72E+05 + 659,644.21081 =

287,975.34258 =
 m3/jam
8,738.6409
8,738.6409
8,738.6409
26215.923

461276.4546

0
-727752.7020

610 T 600
606.1205623 C
461276.4546 3.8794377
=
1189029.1566 10
0.387943771 = 0.38794377
T = 606.1205623

0.38849758
Economics of Plant and Process Design,
1 (H-01)
 1.86E+02
1.85E+02 0.001
1.59E+02 0.001
1.40E+02
5.30E+02

T 275.0848 2.08476413

543.070536066942 x 5.30E+02

2.88E+05
densitas gas P= 1.5 atm T= 295.62 K
Komponen BM kmol/jam yi ρ (kg/m3)
n-C4H10 58.124 539.3763 0.99748 3.587595
i-C4H10 58.124 1.0809 0.001999 0.00719
n-C4H8 56 0.2815 0.000521 0.001804
C4H6 54.09 2.3318 0.004312 0.014433
Total 540.7387 1 3.611022
m3/jam
7.356125
7.349251
7.942274
22.64765
ft
ft
manip