Tabel Kapasitas Panas Liquid, Cpl = A +BT + CT2 + DT3 [J/mol K] Sumber: yaws, Chemical Prope

Komponen A B C D Tmin Tmax Cp @25 C

Ethanol 59.342 3.6358E-01 -1.2164E-03 0.000001803 160 465 107.4
Water 92.053 -3.9953E-02 -2.1103E-04 5.3469E-07 273 615 75.55
Asetaldehid 45.056 4.4853E-01 -1.6607E-03 2.7000E-06 151 415 102.72
Hidrogen 50.607 -6.1136E+00 3.0930E-01 -4.1480E-03 14 32

Tabel Entalpi Standar Masing-Masing Komponen ∆Hf = A+B*T+C*T^2

Komponen MW A B C T min T max Hf 298 K
Ethanol 46.07 -216.961 -0.069572 3.17E-05 298 1000 -234.81
Water 18.02 -238.410 -0.012256 2.77E-06
Asetaldehid 44.05 -154.122 -0.047166 2.03E-05 298 1000 -166.36
Hidrogen - - - - - - -

Komponen MW Hf @298 Uf @298 S @298

g/mole kjoule/mol kjoule/mol joule/(mol K)
Water 18.02 -241.8 -240.56 188.8
Hidrogen 2.02 0 0 130.7

Tabel Kapasitas Panas Gas,

Komponen A B C D E
Ethanol 27.091 1.1055E-01 1.0957E-04 -1.5046E-07 4.6601E-11
Water 33.933 -8.4186E-03 2.9906E-05 -1.7825E-08 3.6934E-12
Asetaldehid 34.14 4.0020E-02 1.5634E-04 1.6445E-07 4.7248E-11
Hidrogen 25.399 2.0178E-02 -3.8549E-05 3.1880E-08 -8.7585E-12

Vapor Pressure Antoine

log10(P)=A+B/T+C*log10(T)+D*T+E*T^2 P (mmHg) T (K)

Name A B C D E TMIN TMAX
Ethanol 23.8442 -2864.2 -5.0474 3.7448E-11 2.7361E-07 159.05 516.25
Water 29.8605 -3.1522.E+03 -7.3037.E+00 2.4247.E-09 0.000001809 273.16 647.13
Asetaldehid 87.3702 -3.6822.E+03 -3.1548.E+01 2.0114.E-02 5.5341.E-13 150.15 461
Hidrogen 3.4132 -4.1316.E+01 1.0947.E+00 -6.6896.E-10 0.00014589 13.95 33.18

Tekanan 1 atm 760 mmHg

yaws, Chemical Properties Handbook

∆Hf (kJ/mol)
Hf 500 K
-243.81

-172.64
-
 BM C2H5OH 46 2.391304348 Kapasitas
BM H2 2 Operasi
BM C2H4O 44
BM H2O 18 Basis Operas
110
C2H5OH 0.96 Produksi Ase
H2O 0.04

Reaktor
Masuk Keluar
no Komponen 5 5 6 6
kg/jam kmol kg/jam kmol
1 C2H5OH 13134 286 6567 143
2 H2O 547 30 547 30
3 C2H4O 0 0 6281 143
4 H2 0 0 286 143
Total 13681 13681

Furnace
Masuk Keluar
no Komponen
 no Komponen 4 4 12 12 5
kg/jam kmol kg/jam kmol kg/jam
1 C2H5OH 6592 286 6542 142 13134
2 H2O 275 30 273 15 547
3 C2H4O 0 0 0 0 0
4 H2 0 0 0 0 0
Total 6867 6814 13681
13681

Separator 01
Masuk Keluar
no Komponen 2 2 3 3 4
kg/jam kmol kg/jam kmol kg/jam
1 C2H5OH 8240 357 1648 71 6592
2 H2O 343 38 69 8 275
3 C2H4O 0 0 0 0 0
4 H2 0 0 0 0 0
Total 8584 1717 6867
8584

Vaporizer
Masuk Keluar
no Komponen 1 1 3 3 2
kg/jam kmol kg/jam kmol kg/jam
1 C2H5OH 6592 143 1648 71 8240
2 H2O 275 15 69 8 343
3 C2H4O 0 0 0 0 0
4 H2 0 0 0 0 0
Total 6867 1717 8584
8584

mixer
Masuk Keluar
no Komponen 1a 1a 1 1
kg/jam kmol kg/jam kmol
1 C2H5OH 6592 143 6592 143
2 H2O 275 15 275 15
3 C2H4O 0 0 0 0
4 H2 0 0 0 0
Total 6867 6867
 = 50,000 ton/tahun Komposisi Pro C2H4O
= 330 hari/tahun C2H5OH
= 24 jam/hari H2O
= 1 jam
Konversi
= yield

= 6,313 kg/jam

Reaksi
Konversi 0.5
Cu
C2H5OH C2H4O + H2
m 285.520
r 142.760 142.760 142.760
s 142.760 142.760 142.760

Keluar
 5
kmol
286
30 143.3043478
0
0

gas Separator 02
r liquid
4 no Komponen
kmol
286 1 C2H5OH
30 2 H2O
0 3 C2H4O
0 4 H2
Total

Menara Distilasi I
Keluar
2 no Komponen
kmol
357 1 C2H5OH
38 2 H2O
0 3 C2H4O
0 4 H2
Total

Menara Distilasi II
6542
272.5709 jumalah air yg harus ada no Komponen

1 C2H5OH
2 H2O
3 C2H4O
4 H2
Total

Evaporator

no Komponen
no Komponen

1 C2H5OH
2 H2O
3 C2H4O
4 H2
Total
 99.5%
0.4%
0.1%

= 0.5
= 0.95
 Masuk Keluar
6 6 7 7 8 8
kg/jam kmol kg/jam kmol kg/jam kmol
6567 143 0 0 6567 143
547 30 0 0 547 30
6281 143 0 0 6281 143
286 143 286 143 0 0
13681 286 13396
13681

Masuk Keluar
8 8 9 9 10 10
kg/jam kmol kg/jam kmol kg/jam kmol
6567 143 25 0.549 6542 142
547 30 6 0.351 541 30
6281 143 6281 143 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0
13396 6313 144 7083
13396 0.923625

Masuk Keluar
10 10 11 11 12 12
kg/jam kmol kg/jam kmol kg/jam kmol
6542 0
541
0 0 0
0 0 0
7083 0

Masuk keluar
 10 10 11 11 12 12
kg/jam kmol kg/jam kmol kg/jam kmol
6542 142 6542 142.211
541 30 268 15 273 15.143
0 0 0 0
0 0
7083 268 6814
7083
0.923625

35.15494
34.993
0.501154
17.12652
1695.526 0.979779
0.99
Neraca Energi Reaktor

Tref = 25 C 298 K
Tin = 290 C 563 K
Tout = 290 C 563 K

NERACA ENERGI MASUK

Komponen Massa Mol Cp.dT ∆Hin

Ethanol 13134 286.000 30140.0031295 8620040.895 14954.233 12611.82038
Water 547 30.000 18988.47 569654.2295 18806.28 -960.414935
9189695.1245
2196389.8469
Neraca Energi Keluar
Komponen Massa Mol Cp.dT ∆Hout
Ethanol 6567.000 142.544 30140.0031295 4296275.2453
Hidrogen 286.000 141.865 14993.4945423 2127053.2932 14001.637 2301.956685
Asetaldehid 6281.000 142.588 35727.7337224 5094344.9605 18922.82 4565.58165
Water 547 30.364 18988.47 576558.17104
12094231.67
Panas Reaksi ∆Hr298K 2890590.7417
Komponen Hf mol ∆H298K
Ethanol -234810 142.760 -33521475.6
Hidrogen 0 142.760 0
Asetaldehid -166360 142.760 -23749553.6
Water -241800 0.000 0
-57271029.200

∆Hr = 9771922 kj/jam 2335545.4097 (tanda positif menandakan reaksi berlangsung s

Qr 3029746.3045
Hin + delta HR = Hout + Qpendinginan
Qpendinginan = Hin + delta HR - Hout
Qpendingin = 6867385.454 kj/jam ∆Hr =

Qpendinginan = m air x Cp air (Tout-Tin)

Tin = 30 C 303 K
Tout = 45 C 318 K

air (Tout-Tin) = 1371.120 kj/kmol

 Masuk Kkal/jam Keluar Kkal/jam
ΔHin 9189695.125 ΔHout 2890590.742
Qpemanas -3269358.078 Qr 3029746.305
Total 5920337.046 Total 5920337.046
 5551.17979 -3482.51694 505.286902714 30140.00313
1515.137198 -412.57387 40.05 18988.47

-1953.02026 737.8880765 -94.9669607396 14993.49454

7920.703188 3806.326668 512.30221625 35727.73372

1 kJ = 0.23900574 kkal

enandakan reaksi berlangsung secara endotermis)

Disini sama dengan Qr

Neraca Panas

Tref = 25 C 298 K
Tin = 30 C 303 K
Tdc = 81 C 354 K

a. Menghitung Q1
Tin = 30 C 303 K
Komponen Massa Kmol/jam òCpL dT Qin
C2H4O 0 0.000 0.000 0.000
C2H5OH 6592 143.087 17924.327 2564731.160 17682.626 546.27895
H2O 275 15.261 27511.297 419844.984 27594.059 -60.0293825
H2 0 0.000 0.000 0.000
Total 6867 158.347 45435.624 2984576.144

b. Menghitung Q2
Tin = 81 C 354 K
Komponen Massa Kmol/jam òCpL dT Qout
C2H4O 0 0.000 0.000 0.000
C2H5OH 6592 143.087 23613.373 3378757.359 20709.068 6637.51648
H2O 275 15.261 31345.401 478356.560 32288.762 -729.381968
H2 0 0.000 0.000 0.000
Total sum 158.347 54958.773 3857113.919

c. Menghitung Q3
Tin = 81 C 354 K
Komponen Massa Kmol/jam Log10 P(HVAP) Qout
C2H4O 0 0.000 0.000 0.000
C2H5OH 8240 357.000 835.003 298096.189 23.8442 -8.09096045
H2O 343 38.000 367.725 13973.532 29.8605 -8.90451977
H2 0 0.000 0.000 0.000
Total 8583 395.000 1202.728 312069.721

d. Menghitung Q4
Tin = 81 C 354 K
Komponen Massa Kmol/jam òCpL dT Qout
C2H4O 0 0.000 0.000 0.000
C2H5OH 8240 357.000 11699.957 4176884.782 9292.214 2018.2008
H2O 343 38.000 11706.546 444848.739 11714.282 -153.689962
H2 0 0.000 0.000 0.000
Total 8583 395.000 23406.503 4621733.521

Vapor Pressure Antoine

Masuk kkal/jam Keluar kkal/jam
Q1 2984576.144 Q2 3857113.919 log10(P)=A+B/T+C*log
Q3 312069.721 Name
Qpemanas 5806341.017
Q4 4621733.521 Ethanol
Total 8790917.161 Total 8790917.161 Water
Asetaldehid
Hidrogen

Tekanan
 Mencari Tdc
-549.218791 244.6409858 17924.32714 Td(derajat) Xn
-95.282507 72.54968868 27511.2968 C2H5OH 78.37 0.9
H20 100 0.1
C2H40 0
H2 0
Total

-7257.15269 3523.94071 23613.3725

-1259.02411 1045.044847 31345.40077

-12.8658391 1.325659E-08 0.034287711 2.921688207 835.0033297

-18.6171551 8.583438E-07 0.226696644 2.565522603 367.7245316

653.704554 -294.0721682 29.91018569 11699.95737

178.421907 -34.83873719 2.370555993 11706.54576
apor Pressure Antoine

og10(P)=A+B/T+C*log10(T)+D*T+E*T^2 P (mmHg) T (K)

A B C D E TMIN TMAX
23.8442 -2864.2 -5.0474 3.7448E-11 2.7361E-07 159.05 516.25
29.8605 -3.1522.E+03 -7.3037.E+00 2.4247.E-09 0.000001809 273.16 647.13
87.3702 -3.6822.E+03 -3.1548.E+01 2.0114.E-02 5.5341.E-13 150.15 461
3.4132 -4.1316.E+01 1.0947.E+00 -6.6896.E-10 0.00014589 13.95 33.18

1 atm 760 mmHg

Td.Xn
70.533
10
0
0
81
Tabel Kapasitas Panas Liquid, Cpl = A +BT + CT2 + DT3 [J/mol K]

Komponen A B C D Tmin
Ethanol 59.342 3.6358E-01 -1.2164E-03 0.000001803 160
Water 92.053 -3.9953E-02 -2.1103E-04 5.3469E-07 273
Asetaldehid 45.056 4.4853E-01 -1.6607E-03 2.7000E-06 151
Hidrogen 50.607 -6.1136E+00 3.0930E-01 -4.1480E-03 14

Tabel Entalpi Standar Masing-Masing Komponen ∆Hf =

Komponen MW A B C T min
Ethanol 46.07 -216.961 -0.069572 3.17E-05 298
Water 18.02 -238.410 -0.012256 2.77E-06
Asetaldehid 44.05 -154.122 -0.047166 2.03E-05 298
Hidrogen - - - - -

Komponen MW Hf @298 Uf @298 S @298

g/mole kjoule/mol kjoule/mol joule/(mol K)
Water 18.02 -241.8 -240.56 188.8
Hidrogen 2.02 0 0 130.7

Tabel Kapasitas Panas Gas,

Komponen A B C D E
Ethanol 27.091 1.1055E-01 1.0957E-04 -1.5046E-07 4.6601E-11
Water 33.933 -8.4186E-03 2.9906E-05 -1.7825E-08 3.6934E-12
Asetaldehid 34.14 4.0020E-02 1.5634E-04 1.6445E-07 4.7248E-11
Hidrogen 25.399 2.0178E-02 -3.8549E-05 3.1880E-08 -8.7585E-12

Vapor Pressure Antoine

log10(P)=A+B/T+C*log10(T)+D*T+E*T^2 P (mmHg) T (K)

Name A B C D E
Ethanol 23.8442 -2864.2 -5.0474 3.7448E-11 2.7361E-07
Water 29.8605 -3.1522.E+03 -7.3037.E+00 2.4247.E-09 0.000001809
Asetaldehid 87.3702 -3.6822.E+03 -3.1548.E+01 2.0114.E-02 5.5341.E-13
Hidrogen 3.4132 -4.1316.E+01 1.0947.E+00 -6.6896.E-10 0.00014589

Tekanan 1 atm 760 mmHg

Neraca Panas
Tref = 25 C 298 K
Tin = 30 C 303 K
Tdc = 81 C 354 K

a. Menghitung Q1 Liquid
Tin = 30 C 303 K
Komponen Massa Kmol/jam òCpL dT Qin
C2H4O 0 0.000 0.000 0.000
C2H5OH 6592 143.087 538.411 77039.424 296.71
H2O 275 15.261 377.503 5761.003 460.265
H2 0 0.000 0.000 0.000
Total 6867 158.347 915.914 82800.427

b. Menghitung Q2 Liquid
Tin = 81 C 354 K
Komponen Massa Kmol/jam òCpL dT Qin
C2H4O 0 0.000 0.000 0.000
C2H5OH 6592 143.087 6227.457 891065.623 3323.152
H2O 275 15.261 4211.607 64272.578 5154.968
H2 0 0.000 0.000 0.000
Total 6867 158.347 10439.063 955338.202

c. Menghitung Q3 HVAP
Tin = 81 C 354 K
Komponen Massa Kmol/jam Log10 P(HVAP) Qin
C2H4O 0 0.000 0.000 0.000
C2H5OH 13134 285.088 835.003 238049.354 23.8442
H2O 547 30.355 367.725 11162.337 29.8605
H2 0 0.000 0.000 0.000
Total 13681 315.443 1202.728 249211.691

d. Menghitung Q4 Liquid
Tin = 81 C 354 K
Komponen Massa Kmol/jam òCpL dT Qin
C2H4O 0 0.000 0.000 0.000
C2H5OH 13134 285.088 3924.839 1118924.252 1517.096
H2O 547 30.355 1892.512 57447.499 1900.248
H2 0 0.000 0.000 0.000
Total 13681 315.443 5817.351 1176371.752

Tin = 290 C 563 K

Komponen Massa Kmol/jam òCpL dT Qin
C2H4O 0 0.000 0.000 0.000
C2H5OH 13134 285.088 22364.885 6375958.352 7179.115
H2O 547 30.355 9174.440 278491.612 8992.245
H2 0 0.000 0.000 0.000
Total 13681 315.443 31539.325 6654449.965

a. Menghitung Q1 Gas
Tin = 100 C 373 K
Komponen Massa Kmol/jam òCpL dT Qin
C2H4O 0 0.000 0.000 0.000
C2H5OH 6542 142.001 5356.302 760601.827 2031.825
H2O 273 15.150 2539.141 38467.569 2544.975
H2 0 0.000 0.000 0.000
Total 6815 157.151 7895.443 799069.396

b. Menghitung Q2 Gas
Tin = 290 C 563 K
Komponen Massa Kmol/jam òCpL dT Qin
C2H4O 0 0.000 0.000 0.000
C2H5OH 13134 285.088 22364.885 6375958.352 7179.115
H2O 547 30.355 9174.440 278491.612 8992.245
H2 0 0.000 0.000 0.000
Total 13681 315.443 31539.325 6654449.965

In kkal/jam Out kkal/jam

Q1 (l) 82800.427 Q2 (l) 955338.202
Q1(g) 799069.396 Q3 (l) 249211.691
Qpemanas 14807951.751 Q4 (l) 1176371.752
Q5 (l) 6654449.965
Q2 (g) 6654449.965
Total 15689821.574 Total 15689821.574
Sumber: yaws, Chemical Properties Handbook

Tmax Cp @25 C
465 107.4
615 75.55
415 102.72
32

A+B*T+C*T^2 ∆Hf (kJ/mol)

T max Hf 298 K Hf 500 K
1000 -234.81 -243.81

1000 -166.36 -172.64

- - -

Mencari Tdc
Td(derajat)
TMIN TMAX C2H5OH 78.37
159.05 516.25 H20 100
273.16 647.13 C2H40 0
150.15 461 H2 0
13.95 33.18 Total
Tout = 290 C 563 K
Tin = 100 C 373 K

5.4628E+02 -549.218791 244.6409858 538.4111445

-6.0029E+01 -95.282507 72.54968868 377.5027992

6637.51648 -7257.15269 3523.94071 6227.456503

-729.381968 -1259.02411 1045.044847 4211.606765

-8.09096045 -12.8658391 1.325659E-08 0.034287711 2.921688207 835.0033297

-8.9045.E+00 -1.8617.E+01 8.5834.E-07 0.226696644 2.565522603 367.7245316

2018.2008 653.7045543 -294.0721682 29.91018569 3924.839372

-153.689962 178.4219075 -34.83873719 2.370555993 1892.511765
12611.82038 5551.17979 -3482.516938 505.2869027 22364.88513
-960.414935 1515.137198 -412.5738696 40.04692274 9174.440317

2781.714375 928.8440648 -431.4714422 45.38977392 5356.301771

-211.833023 253.5183956 -51.11643265 3.597403296 2539.141344

12611.82038 5551.17979 -3482.516938 505.2869027 22364.88513

-960.414935 1515.137198 -412.5738696 40.04692274 9174.440317
 Xn Td.Xn
0.9 70.533
0.1 10
0
0
Total 81
Neraca Panas

Vapor Pressure Antoine

log10(P)=A+B/T+C*log10(T)+D*T+E*T^2 P (mmHg) T (K)

Name A B C D E
Ethanol 23.8442 -2864.2 -5.0474 3.7448E-11 2.7361E-07
Water 29.8605 -3.1522.E+03 -7.3037.E+00 2.4247.E-09 1.809E-06
Asetaldehid 87.3702 -3.6822.E+03 -3.1548.E+01 2.0114.E-02 5.5341.E-13
Hidrogen 3.4132 -4.1316.E+01 1.0947.E+00 -6.6896.E-10 0.00014589

Tekanan 1 atm 760 mmHg

Kondisi Umpan
Menghitung T feed
K=P/Ptot Y = KX
Ptot 1.5 atm 1140 mmHg
T 326.4189152978 K 53.2689152978 °C
Komponen massa Kmol/jam Po Ki Xi
C2H5OH 6567 142.544 257.460 0.226 0.452
H2O 547 30.355 108.761 0.095 0.096
C2H4O 6281 142.588 2241.869 1.967 0.452
Total 13395 315.487 - - 1.000

K=P/Ptot X = Y/K
Ptot 1.5 atm 1140 mmHg
T 354.6439448434 K 81.4939448434 °C
Komponen massa Kmol/jam Po Ki Yi
C2H5OH 6567 142.544 856.092 0.751 0.452
H2O 547 30.355 377.356 0.331 0.096
C2H4O 6281 142.588 4784.593 4.197 0.452
Total 13395 315.487 - - 1.000

Menghitung T Distilat
K=P/Ptot Y = KX
Ptot 1.5 atm 1140 mmHg
T 305.1307369486 K 31.9807369486 °C
Komponen massa Kmol/jam Po Ki Xi
C2H5OH 25 0.543 87.636 0.077 0.004
H2O 6 0.333 35.672 0.031 0.002
C2H4O 6281 142.588 1146.628 1.006 0.994
Total 6312 143.464 - - 1.000

K=P/Ptot X = Y/K
Ptot 1.5 atm 1140 mmHg
T 308.0734068876 K 34.9234068876 °C
Komponen massa Kmol/jam Po Ki Yi
C2H5OH 25 0.543 102.754 0.090 0.004
H2O 6 0.333 42.056 0.037 0.002
C2H4O 6281 142.588 1265.842 1.110 0.994
Total 6312 143.464 - - 1.000

Menghitung T Bottom
K=P/Ptot Y = KX
Ptot 1.5 atm 1140 mmHg
T 365.0233375774 K 91.8733375774 °C
Komponen massa Kmol/jam Po Ki Xi
C2H5OH 6542 142.001 1261.763 1.107 0.825
H2O 541 30.022 564.290 0.495 0.175
C2H4O 0 0.000 6146.304 5.391 0.000
Total 7083 172.023 - - 1.000

K=P/Ptot X = Y/K
Ptot 1.5 atm 1140 mmHg
T 367.611452082 K 94.461452082 °C
Komponen massa Kmol/jam Po Ki Yi
C2H5OH 6542 142.001 1384.369 1.214 0.825
H2O 541 30.022 621.326 0.545 0.175
C2H4O 0 0.000 6529.644 5.728 0.000
Total 7083 172.023 - - 1.000

Menentukan konstanta Underwood (θ)

αi = Pi / Pr
Pr = P komponen Kunci Berat

Komponen Kunci Berat (HK) C2H5OH

Komponen Kunci Ringan (LK) H2O
kondisi umpan cair jenuh q=1

Menentukan Rmin dan R

Kondisi Puncak
T 34.9234068876 C 308.0734068876 K
Komponen Kmol/jam Xi αi αi.Xi αi-θ
C2H4O 142.588 0.994 32.143 31.947 30.561
C2H5OH 0.543 0.004 2.457 0.009 0.874
H2O 0.333 0.0023208912 1 0.00232089 -0.583
Total 143.464
Refluks operasi optimum berkisar antara (1.2 - 1.5) kali refluks minimum.
Rmin + 1 1.052 Digunalan air sebagai pendingin
Rmin 0.052 R/Rmin 1.5
R 0.0780266914
Rm/(Rm+1) 0.0494
R/(R+1) = 0.0724
Menentukan Kompsisi Cairan Reflux
D 143.464 Kmol/jam 6313.000 Kg/jam
L0 = R × D 11.194 Kmol/jam 492.583 Kg/jam
Komponen Xi Kmol/jam Kg/jam
C2H4O 0.994 11.126 489.576
C2H5OH 0.004 0.042 1.863
H2O 0.002 0.026 1.143
Total 1.000 11.194 492.583

Menghitung Panas Yang Dilepas Kondenser

T 308.0734068876 K 34.923 °C
Komponen Kmol/jam A Tc n Hv
C2H4O 153.714 44.950 461.000 0.594 23.339
C2H5OH 0.585 43.122 516.250 0.079 40.136
H2O 0.359 52.053 647.13 0.321 42.299
Total 154.658

Qc -3726715.336
Menghitung Panas Umpan
T 326.4189152978 K 53.2689152978 °C
T ref 298.15 K
Komponen Kmol/jam ∫Cp.dT Q8
C2H4O 143.000 2981.121 426300.291 1273.68425 3959.59722
C2H5OH 143.000 3086.910 441428.110 1677.53397 3209.66347
H2O 30.000 2128.630 63858.910 2602.23846 -352.702802
Total 316.000 931587.310

Menghitung Panas Distilat

T (cair jenuh) 305.13 K 31.98 °C
T ref 298.15 K
Komponen Kmol/jam ∫Cp.dT Q9
C2H4O 143.000 721.490 103173.000 314.524084 944.457091
C2H5OH 0.549 752.674 413.218 414.250892 765.58025
H2O 0.351 526.881197221 184.9353002246 642.597778 -84.127916
Total 143.900 103771.153

Menghitung Panas Residu

T (cair jenuh) 365.02 K 91.87 °C
T ref 298.15 K
Komponen Kmol/jam ∫Cp.dT Q10
C2H4O 0.000 0.000 0.000
C2H5OH 142.000 7496.906 1064560.650 3968.3976 8062.13463
H2O 30.000 5029.922 150897.660 6155.89134 -885.930097
Total 172.000 1215458.310

Menghitung Panas Reboiler

Q8 + Qr = Q9 + Q10 + Qc
Qr = Q9 + Q10 + Qc - Q8 5045944.799 4114357.488 Kesimpulan
Qr 4114357.488
Masuk
Q8
Qr

Total
TMIN TMAX
159.05 516.25
273.16 647.13
150.15 461
13.95 33.18

Yi
0.102 23.8442 -8.774614049 -12.6880295364 1.22237355E-08 0.02915296
0.009 29.8605 -9.6569.E+00 -1.8360.E+01 7.9147.E-07 0.1927477
0.889 87.3702 -1.1281.E+01 -7.9305.E+01 6.5656.E+00 5.8965.E-08
1.000

Xi
0.602 23.8442 -8.076269288 -12.8698229126 1.32807064E-08 0.03441257
0.291 29.8605 -8.8884.E+00 -1.8623.E+01 8.5991.E-07 0.22752214
0.108 87.3702 -1.0383.E+01 -8.0441.E+01 7.1333.E+00 6.9604.E-08
1.000

Yi
0.000 23.8442 -9.386796062 -12.5401944241 1.14265358E-08 0.0254744
 0.000 29.8605 -1.0331.E+01 -1.8146.E+01 7.3985.E-07 0.16842652
1.000 87.3702 -1.2068.E+01 -7.8381.E+01 6.1374.E+00 5.1525.E-08
1.000

Xi
0.042 23.8442 -9.297134826 -12.5612332663 1.15367329E-08 0.02596811
0.063 29.8605 -1.0232.E+01 -1.8176.E+01 7.4699.E-07 0.17169079
0.895 87.3702 -1.1952.E+01 -7.8512.E+01 6.1966.E+00 5.2524.E-08
1.000

Yi
0.914 23.8442 -7.846621586 -12.9330571566 1.36693939E-08 0.03645635
0.086 29.8605 -8.6356.E+00 -1.8714.E+01 8.8507.E-07 0.24103484
0.000 87.3702 -1.0088.E+01 -8.0836.E+01 7.3421.E+00 7.3737.E-08
1.000

Xi
0.680 23.8442 -7.791378598 -12.9485446019 1.37663137E-08 0.03697516
0.320 29.8605 -8.5748.E+00 -1.8737.E+01 8.9135.E-07 0.24446497
0.000 87.3702 -1.0017.E+01 -8.0933.E+01 7.3941.E+00 7.4787.E-08
1.000

Trial harga θ hingga didapat nilai 1-q = 0

θ 1.583
Komponen Kmol/jam Xi Ki αi αi.Xi
C2H4O 143 0.453 0.226 20.613 9.328
C2H5OH 30 0.095 0.095 2.367 0.225
H2O 143 0.453 1.967 1.000 0.453
Total 316.000
 Rmin + 1
1.045
0.011
-0.003983124
1.052

Menentukan Kompsisi Uap Masuk Kondenser

V = L0 + D 154.658 Kmol/jam 6805.583 Kg/jam

Komponen Xi Kmol/jam Kg/jam
C2H4O 0.994 153.714 6764.045
C2H5OH 0.004 0.585 25.742
H2O 0.002 0.359 15.795
Total 1.000 154.658 6805.583

Menghitung Q in

T ref 298.15 K
T dew 308.0734068876 K
Qv Komponen Kmol/jam ∫CpG.dT Q in
3587456.560 C2H4O 153.714 651.13274301 100087.981
23479.583 C2H5OH 0.585 663.579655132 388.190026
15183.113 H2O 0.359 334.05946706 119.908442
3626119.256 Total 154.658 1648.7718652 100596.08

Menghitung Panas Sensibel

Tref 298.15 K
T bubble 305.1307369486 K
Komponen Kmol/jam ∫CpL.dT Q in
C2H4O 153.714 721.489509542 110902.776
C2H5OH 0.585 752.673763632 440.309533
H2O 0.359 526.881197221 189.120531
Total 154.658 2001.04447039 111532.206
 Menghitung Q out

T ref 298.15 K
T bubble 305.1307369486 K
Komponen Kmol/jam ∫CpG.dT Q in
C2H4O 153.714 721.489509542 110902.776
C2H5OH 0.585 752.673763632 440.309533
H2O 0.359 526.881197221 189.120531
Total 154.299 2001.04447039 111532.206

Menghitung Kebutuhan Pendingin

Menghitung kebutuhan pendinginan menggunakan cooling water dengan T in = 10 dan T out =

dengan Cp air = 4,2 kg/jam.K
Q pendingin (Qin+Qv+Qsensibel)-Qout 3726715.336
kebutuhan pendingin = 22182.8293804 kg/jam

Menghitung Kebutuhan Pemanas

Pemanas menggunakan steam dengan suhu 150 C dengan

-4581.3928584 2329.232306 2981.1209164 Q pemanas =
-3355.6971596 1555.409573 3086.9098585 steam= 1928.33691
-582.17097303 461.2656377 2128.6303226

-1054.8501447 517.3584788 721.48950954

-772.6378732 345.4804953 752.67376363
-134.04288917 102.4542241 526.88119722
-8974.1447223 4440.518484 7496.905986
-1556.9004939 1316.861247 5029.922

kkall/Jam Keluar kkal/jam

931587.310 Q9 103771.153
4114357.488 Q10 1215458.310
Qc 3726715.336
5045944.799 Total 5045944.799
2.4107093831 257.459774
2.0364718458 108.760663
3.3506101369 2241.86851

2.932520379 856.091882
2.5767517697 377.356443
3.679845001 4784.593

1.9426839205 87.6362772
1.5523333952 35.6724876
3.0594225396 1146.62799

2.0118000325 102.754307
1.6238308141 42.056276
3.1023793455 1265.84155

3.1009776249 1261.76253
2.7515022971 564.289926
3.7886140027 6146.30352

3.1412519715 1384.36934
2.7933195091 621.325974
3.8148895224 6529.64428

αi-θ 1-q
19.030 0.490
0.785 0.286
-0.583 -0.777
0.000

Menara Distilasi I
Masuk Keluar
no Komponen 8 8 9 9 10
 no Komponen
kg/jam kmol kg/jam kmol kg/jam
1 C2H5OH 6567 143 25 0.549 6542
2 H2O 547 30 6 0.351 541
3 C2H4O 6281 143 6281 143 0
4 H2 0 0 0 0 0
Total 13396 6313 144 7083
13396 0.923625

Tabel Kapasitas Panas Liquid, Cpl = A +BT + CT2 + DT3 [J/mol K]

Komponen A B C D
Ethanol 59.342 3.6358E-01 -1.2164E-03 0.000001803
Water 92.053 -3.9953E-02 -2.1103E-04 5.3469E-07
Asetaldehid 45.056 4.4853E-01 -1.6607E-03 2.7000E-06
Hidrogen 50.607 -6.1136E+00 3.0930E-01 -4.1480E-03

Tabel Kapasitas Panas Gas,

Komponen A B C D E
Ethanol 27.091 1.1055E-01 1.0957E-04 -1.5046E-07 4.6601E-11
Water 33.933 -8.4186E-03 2.9906E-05 -1.7825E-08 3.6934E-12
Asetaldehid 34.14 4.0020E-02 1.5634E-04 1.6445E-07 4.7248E-11
Hidrogen 25.399 2.0178E-02 -3.8549E-05 3.1880E-08 -8.7585E-12

338.78511114 120.376189 142.552588 45.4589235 3.95993204 651.13274301

268.83501599 332.52343 99.9071705 -41.5916669 3.90570592 663.57965513
336.73096592 -25.3223134 27.2686305 -4.92736583 0.30954989 334.05946706

314.52408396 944.457091 -1054.85014 517.358479 721.48951

414.25089201 765.58025 -772.637873 345.480495 752.673764
642.59777833 -84.127916 -134.042889 102.454224 526.881197
ng water dengan T in = 10 dan T out = 30

uhan Pemanas

akan steam dengan suhu 150 C dengan panas laten sebesar = 2133,63
4114357.488
kg/jam
10
 kmol
142
30
0
0

142.0013024
Neraca Panas di Sekitar Menara Distilasi - 02

Fungsi : Memurnikan Methanol

Tujuan : 1. Menghitung beban panas kondensor.
2. Menghitung kebutuhan pendingin pada kondensor.
3. Menghitung beban panas reboiler.
4. menghitung kebutuhan pemanas reboiler.

Tabel Kapasitas Panas Gas,

Komponen A B C D
Ethanol 27.091 1.1055E-01 1.0957E-04 -1.5046E-07
Water 33.933 -8.4186E-03 2.9906E-05 -1.7825E-08
Asetaldehid 34.14 4.0020E-02 1.5634E-04 1.6445E-07
Hidrogen 25.399 2.0178E-02 -3.8549E-05 3.1880E-08

Enthalphy of Vaporizer
HVAP = A (1-T/Tc)n
Name A Tc n Tmin
Ethanol 43.122 516.25 0.079 300
Water 52.053 647.13 0.321 273.16
Acetaldehyde 44.95 461 0.594 461
Hidrogen 0.659 33.18 0.38 13.95

1.a. Kondisi Operasi Distilat (dew point)

Ptot 1.5 atm 1140 mmHg
T 305.1307369486 K 31.9807369486 °C

1.b. Kondisi Operasi Distilat (bubble point)

Ptot 1.5 atm 1140 mmHg
T 308.0734068876 K 34.9234068876 °C

2.a. Kondisi Operasi Bottom (buble point)

Ptot 1.5 atm 1140 mmHg
T 365.0233375774 K 91.8733375774 °C

2.b. Kondisi Operasi Bottom (dew point)

Ptot 1.5 atm 1140 mmHg
T 367.611452082 K 94.461452082 °C

3. Hi (panas sebelum masuk kondensor)

T= 308.073407 K 305.1307 K
Komponen xi Cpg, kj/kmol Hvap, kj/kmol Hi, kj/kmol
Ethanol 0.0038 198.2218 40180.9917 152.7347911626
Water 0.0023 99.1151 42416.9622 98.6751909398
Acetaldehyde 0.9939 194.9945 23604.2971 23654.035005517
Hidrogen 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Total 1.0000 492.3315 106,202.2510 23,905.4450

4. Hr/Ho (panas keluar dari condensor)

T= 305.1307 K Tref = 303.0000
Komponen yi Cp, kj/kmol Hr/Ho Molar
Ethanol 0.0038 230.3712 0.8714 0.549
Water 0.0023 160.7116 0.3730 0.351
Acetaldehyde 0.9939 221.1736 219.8237 143
Hidrogen 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0
Total 1.0000 612.2564 221.0681 143.900

Hi = Hr + Ho + Qc
Qc = Hi - Hr - Ho


QC  D. R1 .HG1R.H
LOHD

HG1 = 23905.4450 kj/kmol
Hlo/HD = 221.0681 kj/kmol
V= 302.1900 kmol/jam
L= 158.2900 kmol/jam
D= 143.9000 kmol/jam
R= 1.1000

Qc = 7,157,181.8490 kj/jam

5. Menghitung kebutuhan pendingin

Sebagai pendingin digunakan air
t1 = 30.0000 °C = 303 K
t2 = 50.0000 °C = 323 K
Cp = 4.1860 kj/kg.K = 1.000 kal/gr C
Kebutuhan pendingin = Q / ( Cp (t2-t1))
= 285.5404 kg/jam

6. Menghitung Beban Panas Reboiler

HF + Qr = Qc + HD +HB
Qr = Qc + HD + HB - HF

Kondisi Operasi Umpan (bubble point)

Ptot 1.5 atm 1140 mmHg
T 326.4189152978 K 53.2689152978 °C
Kondisi Operasi Umpan (dew point)
Ptot 1.5 atm 1140 mmHg
T 354.6439448434 K 81.4939448434 °C

1. HF (panas pada umpan)

T= 354.6439 K
Komponen xf Cp, kj/kmol HF, kj/kmol Molar
Ethanol 0.452 6,301.9336 2,847.3512 143
Water 0.096 4,260.0236 409.8859 30
Acetaldehyde 0.452 6,155.1644 2,781.8964 143
Hidrogen 0.000 0.000 0.000 0
Total 1.0000 16,717.1216 6,039.1335 316

2. HB (panas pada bottom)

T= 365.0233 K
Komponen xb Cp, kj/kmol HB, kj/kmol Molar
Ethanol 0.8255 7,513.0146 6,201.8146 142
Water 0.1745 5,041.2552 879.8191 30
Acetaldehyde 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0
Hidrogen 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0
Total 1.0000 12,554.2698 7,081.6337 172.0000

Qr = Qc + D*HD + B*HB - F*HF

HF = 6,039.1335 kj/kmol
HD = 221.0681 kj/kmol
HB = 7,081.6337 kj/kmol
F= 316.0000 kmol/j QF =
D= 143.9000 kmol/j QB =
B= 172.0000 kmol/j QD =
QC =
Qr = 6,498,668.3512 kj/jam QR =

Menghitung kebutuhan steam reboiler

Sebagai pemanas digunakan steam dengan kondisi :
T = 302 °F 150 C
Hfg = 907.9 Btu/lb (Kern, Tabel.7)
= 2111.8 kj/kg
Jumlah pemanas = Q / Hfg 1218040.9931394
= 3,077.3483 kg/jam 31811.700872379

Neraca Panas MD01

masuk = keluar 1908366.19179943
F*HF + Qr = Qc + D*HD +B*HB
 8407034.5430 8407034.5430

Masuk Keluar
Komponen
QF QR QD QB
Ethanol 901176.4978 126.4738 1066848.0663
Water 127800.7078 56.4098 151237.6565
Acetaldehyde 880188.5137 31627.8312 0.0000
Hidrogen 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
1909165.7192 6498668.3512 31810.7148 1218085.7227
Total 8407834.0704 8407078.2865
Akumulasi 755.7839
 Tabel Kapasitas Panas Liquid, Cpl = A +BT + CT2 + DT3 [J/mol K]
E Komponen A B C
4.6601E-11 Ethanol 59.342 3.6358E-01 -1.2164E-03
3.6934E-12 Water 92.053 -3.9953E-02 -2.1103E-04
4.7248E-11 Asetaldehid 45.056 4.4853E-01 -1.6607E-03
-8.7585E-12 Hidrogen 50.607 -6.1136E+00 3.0930E-01

Tmax
516.25
647.13
293.56
33.18

Komponen massa Kmol/jam Po

C2H5OH 25 0.5426524853 87.63627722
H2O 6 0.332963374 35.67248756
C2H4O 6281 142.5879682179 1146.627992
Total 6312 143.4635840773 -
 2. HD (panas pada Destilat)
T = 308.0734 K
Komponen xd Cp, kj/kmol HD, kj/kmol Molar
Ethanol 0.0038 1,087.8720 4.1149 0.549
Water 0.0023 760.0228 1.7639 0.351
Acetaldehyde 0.9939 1,043.7647 1,037.3942 143
Hidrogen 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0
Total 1.0000 2,891.6595 1,043.2730 143.900

1908366.19179943 kj/jam
1218040.99313939 kj/jam
31811.700872379 kj/jam
7,157,181.8490 kj/jam
6,498,668.3512 kj/jam
 Keluar
Qc

7157181.8490
07078.2865
2
+ DT3 [J/mol K]
D
0.000001803
5.3469E-07
2.7000E-06
-4.1480E-03

Ki Xi Yi
0.076873927 0.003783 0.000291
0.031291656 0.002321 7.26E-05
 1.005814028 0.993897 0.999675
- 1 1.000039
 Neraca Panas Kondensor

Menentukan komposisi cairan refluks dan uap sekitar kondenser

Rmin + 1 1.055708081
Rmin 0.055708081
R 1.12
Rm/(Rm+1) = 0.0527684518
R/(R+1) = 0.0771179796

Arus Molar
Komponen BM
kg/jam kmol
C2H5OH 25 0.549 46
H2O 6 0.351 18
C2H4O 6281 143 44

L0 = R X D
L0 = 120.9600 kmol

Komposisi cairan refluk

Komponen xd kmol/jam BM Kg/jam
C2H5OH 0.0038 0.4575 46.0 21.0465
H2O 0.0023 0.2807 18.0 5.0532
C2H4O 0.9939 120.2217 44.0 5289.7562
Total 1.0000 120.9600 108.0000 5315.8560

Komposisi uap masuk kondensor

V= Lo+D
V = 228.9600 kmol
Komponen xd kmol/jam BM Kg/jam
C2H5OH 0.0038 0.8660 46.0000 39.8380
H2O 0.0023 0.2807 18.0000 5.0532
C2H4O 0.9939 120.2217 44.0000 5289.7562
Total 1.0000 121.3685 108.0000 5334.6475

Panas masuk kondensor

Panas latent (Hv1)
Komponen A Tc n T(dew) K
C2H5OH 43.122 516.25 0.079 308.0734
H2O 52.053 647.13 0.321 308.0734
C2H4O 44.95 461 0.594 308.0734
Total 140.1250 1624.3800 0.9940 924.2202
 Menghitung panas sensibel gas
Komponen A B C D
C2H5OH 27.091 1.1055E-01 1.0957E-04 -1.5046E-07
H2O 33.933 -8.4186E-03 2.9906E-05 -1.7825E-08
C2H4O 34.14 4.0020E-02 1.5634E-04 1.6445E-07
Total 95.164 0.1421514 0.000295816 -3.835E-09

Panas keluar kondensor

Energi yang dibawa destilat (HD), T bubble atas = 305.1307
Komponen Kg Kmol
C2H5OH 25.0000 0.5490
H2O 6.0000 0.3510
C2H4O 6281.0000 143.0000

Komponen A B C D
C2H5OH 59.342 3.6358E-01 -1.2164E-03 0.000001803
H2O 92.053 -3.9953E-02 -2.1103E-04 5.3469E-07
C2H4O 45.056 4.4853E-01 -1.6607E-03 2.7000E-06
Total 196.451 0.772157 -0.00308813 5.03769E-06

Energi yang dibawa Reflux (HL), T bubble atas = 305.1307

Komponen Kg Kmol
C2H5OH 21.0465 0.4575
H2O 5.0532 0.2807
C2H4O 5289.7562 120.2217

Komponen A B C D
CO2 59.342 3.6358E-01 -1.2164E-03 0.000001803
CH3OH 92.053 -3.9953E-02 -2.1103E-04 5.3469E-07
H2O 45.056 4.4853E-01 -1.6607E-03 2.7000E-06
Total 196.451 0.772157 -0.00308813 5.03769E-06

Neraca Energi sekitar kondensor

Hmasuk = H keluar
Hv1 + Hv2 = HC + HL + HD

HC = 2632604.8516 Kj/jam

Kebutuhan pendingin : Air

Tin = 303.15 K 30 C
Tout = 323.15 K 50 C
 Cp air 4.186 kj/kg K

Massa air = 31445.3517865 kg/jam

Hv1(Kj/mol) HV1
40.1365 34759.9231
42.2995 11874.9399
23.3386 2805803.4106
105.7745 2852438.2736
Sumber: yaws, Chemical Properties Handbook
 E Tref Tdew Cp(Kj/kmol) HV2
4.6601E-11 298 305.1307 475.2821 411.6150
3.6934E-12 298 305.1307 239.9900 67.3736
4.7248E-11 298 305.1307 465.8414 56004.2593
9.75424E-11 894 915.3922108459 1181.113478154 56483.247866
Sumber: yaws, Chemical Properties Handbook

Tref Tdew Cp(Kj/Kmol) HD

298.0000 308.0734 1087.8720 597.2417
298.0000 308.0734 760.0228 266.7680
298.0000 308.0734 1043.7647 149258.3552
894 924.2202206629 2891.659491492 150122.3649663
Sumber: yaws, Chemical Properties Handbook

Tref Tdew Cp(Kj/Kmol) HL

298 308 1087.8720 497.7367
298 308 760.0228 213.3650
298 308 1043.7647 125483.2033
894 924.2202206629 2891.659491492 126194.3049862
Sumber: yaws, Chemical Properties Handbook
roperties Handbook
 CONDENSOR

Tugas : Mengembunkan uap hasil atas MD

Jenis : Total Condenser (Shell and Tubes Exchanger)

T1 T2

tw2 tw1

2. Perhitungan Condenser
Qc = 3726715.34

Hot fluid
Uap Keluaran MD
Kec. hot fluid = 6312.0000 kg/jam =
Tekanan = 1.5 atm
Suhu masuk = 34.9234 o
C =
Suhu keluar = 31.9807 o
C =
Ta = 33.4521 o
C =

Cold fluid
Air
Tekanan = 1.0000 atm
Suhu masuk = 10.0000 o
C =
disetting Suhu keluar = 30.0000 o
C =
ta = 20.0000 o
C =
Cp cair = 4,186.0000 kj/kg
Beban Panas = 3532244.1495 btu/jam
Massa Fluida Dingin = 1962.7308083723 lb/jam

Hot fluid Hot fluid

T1 = 94.86 F °C
T2 = 89.57 F 34.9234
31.9807
Cold fluid
t1 = 50.00 F
t2 = 86.00 F

LMTD = 20.52 o
F
 R= 0.15 temperatur grup (T1-T2)/(t2-t1)d
S= 6.80 temperatur grup (t2 -t1)/(T1 -t1)
FT = 1 grafik 18 halaman 828 kern
∆TM = Ft x LMTD = 20.52 o
F

Menentukan Ud
Nilai Ud ditentukan pertama kali dari tabel 8 kern untuk heavy organic-water (5-75)
Hot fluid = heavy organic
Cold fluid = water
Ud = 50 Btu/lb.ft2.F

Luas transfer panas

Q= Ud.A.ΔTLMTD

Q = 3442.5230 ft2
A
U D  t

Lay Out HE
Lay out HE dilakuka dengan trial and error hingga diperoleh dirt factor (Rd) yang memenuhi
L= 16 ft
OD = 1.00 in 0.0833
BWG = 16
Pt = 1.25 in Triangular pitch

Dari tabel 10 Kern, untuk nilai OD seperti di atas didapat surface per lin ft :
a" = 0.2618 ft2/ft tabel 10 kern

A = 821.8399
Nt 
a L
jumlah tube = 822

sehingga dipilih :
SHELL TUBE
ID, in 21.25 Nt 822
B, in 10.625 L, ft 16
Passes 1 OD, in 1.0000
BWG 16
a", ft2/ft 0.2618
pitch, in 1.25
Passes 4

Koreksi nolai A dan Ud

 A = 3443.1936 ft2
UD = 49.9903 Btu/hr.ft2.oF

hot fluid : tube side, heavy organic

Flow area :
at'= 0.594 in2
N t  at '
at 
144  n

= 0.8477 ft2

Mass velocity : m
Gt 
at

Gt = 16,415.9097 lb/hr.ft2
ρ= 0.4022 lb/cuft
V= 11.3387 ft/s

pada Ta = 92.21 F →K 306.4521

μ= 0.0215 lb/ft.hr
ID = 0.8700 ft
tw = ta + ho/(hio+ho)*(Tv-ta) =
Reynold :
D G
Re  t
Jh= 500

k= 7.0774E-03
665475.1194 cp= 66.16471696

1/ 3 0 ,14
 k   Cp     
hi = jh
 d    
  k   w 
hi = 23.811758056

hio = hi x ID/OD
248.6 Btu/hr.ft2.F

Pressure drop
Ret = 665475.1194
f= 0.00010
s= 2.4866
 fG 2 Ln
P  t
t
5.22  1010 Ds
= 0.00001527 psi

 4n   v   62.5 
2
Δp R   x
 
 x  144 
 s   2g   

= 0.28955619 psia
ΔP T  ΔP t  ΔP R
= 0.28957147 psia

overall coefficient
h io  h o
Uc  = 97.3462 Btu/hr.ft2.oF
h io  h o

U U
R  C D
d U U
= 0.0097 > Rd min = 0.003
C D

fig.26 Kern
fig 25 Kern
anger)

Komp kg/jam di (kgmol/jam) yi

C2H5OH 25.0000 0.5427 0.0038
H2O 6.0000 0.3330 0.0023
C2H4O 6281.0000 142.5880 0.9939
tot 6312.0000 143.4636 1.0000

kj/jam 3532244.1495 Btu/jam

13915.5614 lb/jam

307.9234 K 94.86 F
304.9807 K 89.57 F
306.4521 K 92.21 F

283 K 50.0 F
303 K 86.0 F
293 K 68.0 F
1799.6580 btu/lb 1.0000 kal/g

890.2790 kg/jam

Hot fluid Cold fluid

Difference (Thin  Tco
F °C F TLMTD 
94.8621 Higher Temp. 30.00 86.00 8.86 T
ln
89.5653 Lower Temp. 10.00 50.00 39.57 T
5.2968 Difference 36.00 30.70
(∆T)p= LMTD = 20.5213 °F

-20.6617 C
 temperatur grup (T1-T2)/(t2-t1)dimensionless
temperatur grup (t2 -t1)/(T1 -t1) dimensionless
grafik 18 halaman 828 kern

n untuk heavy organic-water (5-75)

oleh dirt factor (Rd) yang memenuhi syarat

ft tabel 10 kern
tabel 10 kern
tabel 9 kern

pat surface per lin ft :

table 9 Kern

in Triangular pitch
 cold fluid : shell side, downterm A Densitas gas
Flow : P=
ID  C ' B
as  T=
144  PT
komponen
C' = Pt - Odt = 0.2500 in C2H5OH
as = 0.3136 ft2 H2O
C2H4O
Mass velocity :
m
Gs 
as Komponen
Gs = 6259.01 lb/hr.ft2 C2H5OH
H2O
Loading : C2H4O
G" = W/L.Nt^(2/3)
1.3980 lb/hr.lin ft
Konduktivitas gas
Asumsi h=ho = 500.0000 Komponen
C2H5OH
tw = ta + ho/(hio+ho)*(Tv-ta) = →F 84.1728 H2O
tf = (tw+Tv)/2 = 88.1933 C2H4O
pada tf = 88.1933 304.2185 K
μf = 0.899 cp
kf = 2.6778.E-01 Konstanta Kapasitas Pan
sf = 1
Komponen
ho = 160 Btu/hr.ft.oF C2H5OH
H2O
C2H4O

Sg =
Density of Liquid
Komponen
C12H10
C12H10O
ssure drop
pada ta = 68.0000 F 293.0000
μ= 2.1748 lb/ft.hr
De = 0.9900 ft
 Res = 2849.2387
f= 0.0027
s= 1.0000

N+1= 12 L/B
216.8471

Ds = 1.7708 ft
fG D  N  1
2
P  s s
s
5.22  1010 D s
e

= 0.0008 psi

SUMMARY
248.5949 h outside 160.0000
Uc 97.3462
UD 49.9903
Rd calc 0.0097
min = 0.003 Rd req. 0.0030
0.2896 DP calc. 0.0008
10.0000 DP allow. 2.0000

fig 28 Kern
fig 12,9 Kern
 (Thin  Tcout)  (Thout  Tcin)
TLMTD 
Thin Tcout
ln 
Thout  Tcin
 1.5000 atm R= 82.0600 lt atm /Kgmol K
306.4521 K
yi ρ, Kg/Ltr BM
0.0038 0.0027 46 0.00001038 P . BM
  mix
0.0023 0.0011 18 0.00000249 R T
0.9939 0.0026 44 0.00260850
1.0000 0.0064 0.00262137

A B C yi micropoise
1.499 0.307 -0.0000445 0.0038 91.5252 0.3461950738
-36.826 4.2900E-01 -1.6200E-05 0.0023 93.1206 0.2161226685
0.069 0.30246 -0.000043272 0.9939 88.6947 88.1533565157
1.0000 88.715674258

nduktivitas gas
A B C yi W/m K k.yi
-0.006 0.0000436 0.0000001 0.0038 1.5793E-02 5.9738E-05
0.00053 4.7093E-05 4.9551E-08 0.0023 1.9615E-02 4.5525E-05
-0.00181 0.000021187 8.0192E-08 0.9939 1.2214E-02 1.2139E-02
4.7622E-02 1.2245E-02

nstanta Kapasitas Panas Gas 𝐶�=𝐴+𝐵𝑇+𝐶𝑇^2+𝐷𝑇^3+𝐸𝑇^4

T= 306.4521 K
BM (g/mol) A B C D E yi
46 27.091 1.1055E-01 1.0957E-04 -1.5046E-07 4.6601E-11 0.0038
18 33.933 -8.4186E-03 2.9906E-05 -1.7825E-08 3.6934E-12 0.0023
44 34.14 4.0020E-02 1.5634E-04 1.6445E-07 4.7248E-11 0.9939

1/density
ρ = A B – (1 – T/Tc )n T= 0.00 K basis F = 10
A B Tc n Density (g/ml) 1/Density (g/ml) BM
0.30766000 0.25375 789.29 0.27892 1.212453202 0.8247741013 154
0.34314000 0.276 763 0.26661 1.2432608696 0.8043364225 170
1.6291105237 324
Fig 24 Kern
M mix

Konduktivitas Liquid k= A+B(1-T/C)^(2/7)

Komponen A B C k
H2O -2.7580.E-01 4.6120.E-03 -5.5391.E-06 2.6778.E-01

Cp Cp.yi
67.34011 0.254715
33.68124 0.07817
66.2361 65.83183
167.2574 66.16472

Xn N F Xf Xf.(1/density)
0.5 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
0.5 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
1 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
fig 29 Kern
Tabel 10 Kern
Fig 18 Kern
Tabel 8 Kern Tabel 9 Kern
Tabel 9 Kern
Menentukan beban panas reboiler

∆H umpan+ ∆H reboiler = ∆H bottom + ∆H distilat + ∆H kondesor

∆H umpan
KomponenBM(Kg/Kmol Kg/jam Kmol/jam
C2H5OH 46 6567.0000 143.0000
H2O 18 547.0000 30.0000
C2H4O 44 6281.0000 143.0000
tot 108 13395 316

Konstanta Kapasitansi Panas Liquid 𝐶�=𝐴+𝐵𝑇+𝐶𝑇^2+𝐷𝑇^3

Komponen A B C D Tref Tbub Cp(Kj/Kmol)
C2H5OH 59.342 3.6358E-01 -1.2164E-03 1.803E-06 298 354.64 6301.9336
H2O 92.053 -3.9953E-02 -2.1103E-04 5.3469E-07 298 354.64 4260.0236
C2H4O 45.056 4.4853E-01 -1.6607E-03 2.7000E-06 298 354.64 6155.1644
Total

∆H bottom

Komponen
BM(Kg/Kmol Kg/jam Kmol/jam
C2H5OH 46 6542.0000 142.0000
H2O 18 541.0000 30.0000
C2H4O 44 0.0000 0.0000
tot 108 7083.0000 172

Komponen A B C D Tref Tbub Cp(Kj/Kmol)

C2H5OH 59.342 3.6358E-01 -1.2164E-03 1.803E-06 298 365.02 7513.0146
H2O 92.053 -3.9953E-02 -2.1103E-04 5.3469E-07 298 365.02 5041.2552
C2H4O 45.056 4.4853E-01 -1.6607E-03 2.7000E-06 298 365.02 7371.9638
Total

∆H reboiler= 2091647.2200

Kebutuhan steam
∆H reboiler= 2091647.2200 Kj/jam

Suhu steam= 150 C 302 F

Hs = Kj/kg
steam = #DIV/0! Kg/jam Tabel F.1 Introduction to chemical engineering thermodynamics
 Hf (KJ/jam)
901176.4978
127800.7078
880188.5137
1909165.7192

Hb (KJ/jam)
1066848.0663
151237.6565
0.0000
1218085.7227

gineering thermodynamics Smith Van Ness

 REBOILER - 01

Tugas = Menguapkan cairan yang keluar dari MD sebagai hasil bawah

Jenis = Kettle Reboiler

Beban Panas
Qr = 4114357.4885 kj/jam 3899658.3830972 btu/jam
3899.6584

Cold fluid
suhu masuk = 91.8733 oC 197.3720 F
suhu keluar = 94.4615 C o
202.0306 F
ta = 199.7013 F 366.3174 K
jumlah cairan = 7083.0000 kg/jam 15615.3235 lb/jam
tekanan = 1.5 atm

Steam
suhu masuk = 180 oC 356 F
suhu keluar = 150 C o
302 F
Tv = 356 F
λ= 997.9 btu/lb

jumlah steam yang dibutuhkan = 1928.3369 kg/jam

4251.2501 lb/jam

Δt
hot fluid cold fluid difference
356 higher temp. 202.0306 153.9694
302 lower temp. 197.3720 104.6280
54 difference 4.6586
LMTD = 127.7141 o
F
Dt = LMTD = 127.7141 o
F

Komponen A B C D
C2H5OH -6.4406 1117.6 0.013721 -0.000015465
H2O -10.2158 1.7925E+03 1.7730E-02 -1.2631E-05
C2H4O -6.6171 681.23 0.019979 -0.000025563

xi Vis (cp)
0.8255 0.3642
0.1745 0.3002
0.0000 0.1352
 1.0000 1.0000

ρ mix = 0.3530 cp

Menentukan Ud
Nilai Ud ditentukan pertama kali dari tabel 8 kern untuk steam-heavy organic 6-60
Hot fluid = Steam
Cold fluid = heavy organic
Ud = 50 Btu/lb.ft2.F asumsi

Luas transfer panas

Q = Ud.A.ΔTLMTD

Q
A = 610.6858 ft2 Shell and Tube
U D  t

5. Lay Out Reboiler

Lay out HE dilakuka dengan trial and error hingga diperoleh dirt factor (Rd) yang memenuhi s
L= 16 ft
OD = 0.75 in 0.0625
BWG = 16
Pt = 1 in-Triangular pitch
Dari tabel 10 Kern, untuk nilai OD seperti di atas didapat surface per lin ft :
a" = 0.2618 ft2/ft

A
Nt  = 145.7902
a L

jumlah tube = 146.0000

sehingga dipilih :
SHELL TUBE
ID, in 37 Nt 146.0000
B, in 14.8 L, ft 16
Passes 1 OD, in 0.75
BWG 16
a", ft2/ft 0.2618
pitch, in 1
Passes 2

Koreksi nolai A dan Ud

Q total A = 610.6858 ft2
Ud  UD = 50.0000 Btu/hr.ft2.oF
A x TLMTD
 Q total
Ud 
A x TLMTD

hot fluid : tubes side, steam

Flow area :
at'= 0.594 in2
N a '
at  t t
144  n

= 0.3011 ft2

mass velocity :
m
Gt 
at
Gt = 14117.892 lb/hr.ft2

pada Ta = 356.0000 F →K 453.1500

μ= 0.7679 lb/ft.hr
ID = 0.0725 ft

Reynold :
D G
Re  t
Jh= 20

kh= 0.18958
1332.9513 Cp= 59547.7484

1/ 3 0 ,14
 k   Cp     
hi = jh
 d   k   
   w 
untuk steam diambil :
hi = 3255
hio = 160598 Btu/jam ft2 F

clean overall coeeficient Uc :

h io  h o
UC  299.4406 Btu/hr ft2 F
h io  h o

dirt factor :
(U C  U D )
Rd  0.0167 > Rd min = 0.003
UC  UD

PRESSURE DROP
Re = 1332.9513 diperoleh
 f= 0.00035 ft2/in2
s= 0.8732
2
f  Gt  L  n
Pt 
5,22  1010  D  s  
= 0.0007 psi

2
 4n  V
 Pr   
 s  2g '

dgn (V^2)/2g' = 1.0000

Pr  9.1615 psi

PT  Pt  Pr

= 9.1622 psi < 10 psi
SUMMARY

Tabel 8 KERN
Fig 15.11 P.474 Kern
 Thermal Conductivity of liquid
365.02 K Log10 Kliq = A + B (1 - T/C)^2/7
367.6115 K Komponen A
C2H5OH -1.3172
H2O -0.2758
C2H4O -1.4826

Density Of Liquid
 n
T 
 1 

  AB  TC 

Komponen A
C2H5OH 0.2657
H2O 0.3471
C2H4O 0.28207

kg/jam Kmol/jam
6542.0000 142.001302366
541.0000 30.0221975583
0.0000 0
7083.0000 172.0234999242
 Shell and Tube >200 ft2

h dirt factor (Rd) yang memenuhi syarat

ft tabel 10 KERN

urface per lin ft :

in-Triangular pitch
 cold fluid : shell side, light organic Viscositas
Komponen
Asumsi : C2H5OH
ho = 300.0000 karena maksimum untuk organik H2O
C2H4O
tw = tc + hio/hio+ho (Tc-tc) :
tw = 96.8312 F
konduktivitas liquid
(Δt)w = 96.8312 F komponen
C2H5OH
dari gambar fig.15.11, Page 474 Kern : H2O
hv = ho > 300 maka dipakai : C2H4O
ho = 300.0000 Btu/jam ft2 F

Konstanta Kapasitansi Panas L

Komponen
C2H5OH
H2O
C2H4O

Sg =
Density of Liquid
Kompone
C2H5OH
H2O
C2H4O

PRESSURE DROP
Negligible
tube, vapor shell, water
160598.1719 houtside 300.0000
Uc 299.4406
UD 50.0000
Rd calc 0.0167
Rd req. 0.0030
9.1622 ΔP calc. Neg
10.0000 ΔP allow. Neg
l Conductivity of liquid
liq = A + B (1 - T/C)^2/7 (k liq=W/mK, T-K)
B C
6.99E-01 5.1625E+02
0.004612 -5.5391E-06
0.9821 461

Of Liquid

(density-gr/ml, T-K)
B n Tc
0.26395 0.2367 516.25
0.274 0.28571 647.13
0.26004 0.2776 461
 Log μ = A + B/T + CT + DT2
A B C D Vis (centipoise)
-6.4406 1117.6 0.013721 -0.000015465 0.1168701061
-10.2158 1792.5 0.01773 -0.000012631 0.1515240642
-6.6171 681.23 0.019979 -0.000025563 0.0490312305
0.3174254008

konduktivitas liquid
A B C yi W/m K
-1.3172 6.99E-01 5.1625E+02 0.8255 1.1643E-01
-0.2758 4.61E-03 -5.5391E-06 0.1745 5.3556E-01
-1.4826 0.9821 461 0.0000 3.1586E-01
9.6785E-01

Konstanta Kapasitansi Panas Liquid 𝐶�=𝐴+𝐵𝑇+𝐶𝑇^2+𝐷𝑇^3

BM (g/mol) A B C D
46 59.342 0.36358 -0.0012164 0.000001803
18 92.053 -0.039953 -0.00021103 5.3469E-07
44 45.056 0.44853 -0.0016607 0.0000027

1/density
ρ = A B – (1 – T/Tc )n T= 453.15 K
A B n Tc Density (g/ml)
0.26570000 2.6325E-01 2.8060E-01 516.2500 0.556886026
0.34710000 0.274 0.28571 647.13 0.8688831196
0.28207000 0.26004 0.2776 461 0.4357113324
Tabel 10 Kern
Fig 27 Kern
 k.yi
9.6107E-02
9.3469E-02
0.0000E+00
1.8958E-01

yi Cp Cp.yi
0.8255 64433.885184 53188.64
0.1745 36436.922579 6359.111
0.0000 71882.592776 0
172753.40054 59547.75
Sumber: yaws, Chemical Properties Handbook

basis F = 10
1/Density (g/ml) BM Xn N F Xf Xf.(1/density)
1.7956995746 46 0.8255 8.254762 379.719 0.923591 0.8292459828
1.1509027825 18 0.1745 1.745238 31.41429 0.076409 0.0439696654
2.2950975235 44 0.0000 0 0 0 0
3.446000306 62 1.0000 1.745238 411.1333 1 0.8732156482
Tabel 9 Kern
Fig 28 Kern
Fig 26 Kern
ACCUMULATOR
Fungsi sebagai penampung arus keluaran pada menara distilasi 1 untuk menjaga kontinuitas dan kestabilan aliran keluar
Type tangki silinder horisontal

1. Menghitung volume tangki

Kecepatan aliran massa

Laju alir Laju alir Densitas Densitas
Komponen
W (kg/jam) W (lb/jam) ρ (kg/m^3) ρ (lb/ft^3)
C2H5Oh 25.0000 55.1155 1009.3067 63.0090
H2O 6.0000 13.2277 1266.7883 79.0831
C2H4O 6281.0000 13847.2182 1084.7177 67.7168

Densitas pada suhu Distilat : 31.98073695 C 305.1307369486 K

Density of Liquid
ρ = A B – (1 – T/Tc )n

Kompone A B n Tc Density (g/ml)

Density (kg/m^3)
C2H5OH 0.26570000 2.6325E-01 2.8060E-01 516.2500 1.0093067426 1009
H2O 0.34710000 0.274 0.28571 647.13 1.2667883212 1267
C2H4O 0.28207000 0.26004 0.2776 461 1.0847177357 1085

Asumsi : Waktu tinggal 5 menit 0.0833 jam (Treyball,1996)

Kapasitas dan volume masing-masing komponen dalam 5 menit

Volume C2H5OH : 0.0729 ft3
Volume H2O : 0.0139 ft3
Volume C2H4O : 17.0406 ft3
Volume tangki : 17.1274 ft3

dianggap tangki berisi 80% cairan, maka :

Volume tangki : 21.4093 ft3
overdesign 20% : 25.6912 ft3 192.1763 gall ###

2. Menentukan diameter dan panjang tangki

Berdasarkan Brownell,Pers. 5.4, P.81, maka digunakan tangki berbentuk silinder dengan
perbandingan L/D = 6
1/ 3
 
 .D .( L / D ).D  2
2  V 
V  .D .D D 
 

4 12  .( L / D )  
 
 4 12 

D= V 1/3
(6/4 phi + phi/12)
 D= 1.7289 ft 0.5270 m 20.7464 in
Jadi :
D= 1.7289 ft 0.5270 m 20.7464 in
L= 10.3732 ft 3.1617 m 124.4781 in

3. Menghitung tebal shell

Sebagai bahan tangki digunakan Stainless steel SA.283 Grade C, dengan spasifikasi :
f = 12650 (Tabel 13.1, P.251, Brownell)
E = 0.8
C = 0.125

P . ri
t shell = c (Persm 13.1, P.254, Brownell)
f . E - 0.6 P
P 1.5 atm
faktor keamanan 20%, maka P design 26.4600 psi
ri 0.8644 ft = 10.3732 in
t shell 0.1522 in
dipakai tebal shell (ts) standar = 0.1875 in

5. Menghitung tinggi head

dari tabel 5.7 digunakan (Brownell, P.89)
OD = 22 in
icr = 1.375 in
r= 21 in

a = IDs/2 10.3732 in
AB = a - icr 8.9982 in
BC = r - icr 19.6250 in (Brownell, P.87)
AC = (BC2 - AB2)1/2 17.4406 in
b = r - AC 3.5594 in

Dari tabel 5.6 Brownell hal.88 dengan th 3/16 in didapat sf = 1.5-2 in

perancangan digunakan s 2 in
Hh = th + b + sf
5.7116 in
0.1451 m

Menentukan panjang tangki total

anjang tangki total = L + 2 Hh
= 135.9013 in
= 3.4519 m
 Tabel 13.1 P.251 Brownell
dan kestabilan aliran keluar

Density (kg/m^3)

m3
 Data tebal standard (Head & shell)
3/16 in 0.1875
1/4 in 0.2500
5/16 in 0.3125
3/8 in 0.3750
7/16 in 0.4375
1/2 in 0.5000
5/8 in 0.6250
3/4 in 0.7500
7/8 in 0.8750
1 in 1
1(1/8) in 1.1250
1(1/4) in 1.2500
1(3/8) in 1.3750
1(1/2) in 1.5000

(Brownell, P.87)
Tabel 13.1 P.251 Brownell Tabel 5.7 Kern

Tabel 5.4 Brownell

Tabel Kapasitas Panas Liquid, Cpl = A +BT + CT2 + DT3 [J/mol K]

Komponen A B C D
Ethanol 59.342 3.6358E-01 -1.2164E-03 0.000001803
Water 92.053 -3.9953E-02 -2.1103E-04 5.3469E-07
Asetaldehi 45.056 4.4853E-01 -1.6607E-03 2.7000E-06
Hidrogen 50.607 -6.1136E+00 3.0930E-01 -4.1480E-03

Tabel Kapasitas Panas Gas,

Komponen A B C D E
Ethanol 27.091 1.1055E-01 1.0957E-04 -1.5046E-07 4.66E-11
Water 33.933 -8.4186E-03 2.9906E-05 -1.7825E-08 3.69E-12
Asetaldehi 34.14 4.0020E-02 1.5634E-04 1.6445E-07 4.72E-11
Hidrogen 25.399 2.0178E-02 -3.8549E-05 3.1880E-08 -8.76E-12

Evaporator
Masuk keluar
no Komponen 10 10 11 11 12
kg/jam kmol kg/jam kmol kg/jam
1 C2H5OH 6542 142 6542
2 H2O 541 30 268 15 273
3 C2H4O 0 0 0 0
4 H2 0 0
Total 7083 268 6814
7083

a. Menghitung Q1
Tin = 91.8733375774 C 364.873337577 K
Komponen Massa Kmol/jam òCpL dT Qin
C2H4O 0 0.000 0.000 0.000 7.392847 4.857079495
C2H5OH 6542 142.000 37.660 5347.729 -0.56298 0.133740926
H2O 541 30.000 33.506 1005.177 2.676271 0.699159246
H2 0 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.34937 -0.172392796
Total 7083 172.000 71.166 6352.905

b. Menghitung Q2
Tin = 100 C 373 K
Komponen Massa Kmol/jam òCpL dT Qout
C2H4O 0 0.000 0.000 0.000 8.29125 -61.21533
C2H5OH 6542 142.000 53.043 7532.067 -2.99648 -10.62008475
H2O 273 30.000 33.928 1017.837 33.63975 -83.5747275
H2 0 0.000 0.000 0.000 -458.52 1739.8125
Total 6815 172.000 86.971 8549.905

c. Menghitung Q3
Tin = 100 C 373 K
Komponen Massa Kmol/jam Log10 P(HVAP) Qout
C2H4O 0 0.000 0.000 0.000 -7.67882 -12.98044316
C2H5OH 6542 142 7389.278 1050836.563 -8.45094 -18.78298979
H2O 273 15 755.539 11441.134 -9.87185 -81.13227023
H2 0 0.000 0.000 0.000 -0.11077 2.815249658
Total 6815 157.354 8144.817 1062277.697

Masuk kkal/jam Keluar kkal/jam

Q1 6352.905 Q2 8549.905
Qpemanas 1064474.696 Q3 1062277.697
Total 1070827.601 Total 1070827.601
 Vapor Pressure Antoine

log10(P)=A+B/T+C*log10(T)+D*T+E*T^2
Name A B C
Ethanol 23.8442 -2864.2 -5.0474
Water 29.8605 -3.1522.E+03 -7.3037.E+00
Asetaldehid 87.3702 -3.6822.E+03 -3.1548.E+01
Hidrogen 3.4132 -4.1316.E+01 1.0947.E+00

r Tref = 25 C
12 Tin = 30 C
kmol Tdc = 81 C
142.211
15.143
Mencari Tdc
Td(derajat)Xn Td.Xn
C2H5OH 78.37 0.9 70.533
H20 100 0.1 10
C2H40 0 0
H2 0 0
Total 81

-3.327110961 0.0941422531 36.10795826

-0.005330753 0.0074613205 33.50589161
0.049180493 0.0954493074 37.66006002
0.009534047 -0.017693717 26.56781774

45.85303958 0.1702231442 20.19018272

13.5979821 0.0134911732 33.92791353
68.6651175 0.172586492 53.04272649
-1749.9375 -0.031992863 -443.2779929
0.000000014 0.0380670857 3.223003567 1671.104338
9.044131E-07 0.251684361 2.8783.E+00 755.5394275
7.502522 0.000000077 3.868601985 7389.277646
-2.49522E-07 20.29752981 26.41521246 2.60143E+26
P (mmHg) T (K)
D E TMIN TMAX
3.7448E-11 2.7361E-07 159.05 516.25
2.4247.E-09 1.809E-06 273.16 647.13
2.0114.E-02 5.5341.E-13 150.15 461
-6.6896.E-10 0.00014589 13.95 33.18

298 K
303 K
354 K