COOLER(CL-01)
T1=270 oC t2 = 50 oC
T2=100 oC t1 = 30 oC
Kondisi Operasi:
Fluida masuk tube(Hasil bawah menara distilasi)
o
Suhu masuk (T1) = 270 C
o
Suhu keluar (T2) = 100 C
Komponen A B C D μ
C6H5CH2CN -14,884 3,03E+03 2,35E-02 -1,40E-05 0,3669
C6H5CH2COOH -37,683 7,48E+03 6,31E-02 -3,69E-05 6,315E-01
Viskositas Campuran
Massa Fraksi massa
Komponen μ(cP)
(kg/jam) (Xi) Xi .μ
C6H5CH2CN 19,0203 0,0080 0,3669 0,0029
C6H5CH2COOH 2358,5214 0,9920 6,315E-01 6,26E-01
Total 2377,5417 1 0,6294
Densitas
Dihitung dengan rumus:
ρ = A.B-(1-T/Tc)n (ρ – kg/liter, T – K)
Komponen A B Tc n pi
C6H5CH2CN 0,27526 0,2125 790 0,2324 0,9764
C6H5CH2COOH 0,34357 0,238 773 0,28571 1,0433
Densitas Campuran
Konduktifitas Panas
Cp = 2,0778 kJ/kg.K
o
= 0,4963 Btu/lb. F
Q = m.Cp.ΔT
Lampiran Cooler (CL-01)
Q = 839760,6091 Kj/jam
Q = 3330213,4548 BTU/jam
o o
Suhu pendingin masuk(t1)= 30 C= 303 K = 86 F
o o
Suhu pendingin keluar(t2)= 50 C= 323 K = 122 F
o
Cp = 4,181 Kj/kg.K = 0,9986 Btu/lb. F
o
k = 2,2503 Kj/jam.m.K = 0,3616 BTU/Jam.ft. F
3
p = 1013,78 kg/m3 = 63,2597 lb/ft
Kecepatan massa air pendingin yang dibutuhkan, dihitung dengan persamaan sebagai
berikut:
mair = Qtotal
Cpair . dT
Menghitung Cp air
Konstanta න Cpair . dT
Komponen
A B C D (KJ/Kmol)
H2O 92,053 -0,03993 -0,000211 5,347E-07 1505,787068
= 10043,976 Kg/jam
= 22146,966 lb/jam
o
Suhu fluida panas keluar (T2) = 100 C= 212 F
o
Suhu pendingin masuk (t1) = 30 C= 86 F
o
ΔT2 = 70 C= 126 F
Fluida panas dan fluida dingin dikontakkan secara berlawanan arah (counter-
current ). Tujuannya untuk mendapatkan nilai LMTD yang besar sehingga luas
perpindahan kalor kecil. Luas perpindahan kalor kecil menunjukkan bahwa biaya
yang digunakan untuk membeli alat penukar panas lebih sedikit.
T1=270 oC T2=100 oC
t2= 50 oC t1 = 30 oC
T1 - T2 543 - 373
R= = = 8,50
t2 - t1 303 - 323
Lampiran Cooler (CL-01)
t2 - t1 323 - 303
S= = = 0,08
T1 - t1 543 - 323
Ft= 0,94
Dari “D, Q, Kern, “Process Heat Transfer, Mc, Graw Hill (1965), Hal 840, Tabel 8”
diperoleh untuk Pendingin water dan Hot Fluid Medium Organics
2o
Range UD= 50 - 125 BTU/Jam.ft . F
2o
Dipilih UD =70 BTU/Jam.ft . F
BTU
3330213,4548
jam
A =
BTU
70 235,8 oF
Jam.ft2.oF
A = 201,780 ft2
Menurut “D, Q, Kern, “Process Heat Transfer, Mc,Graw Hill (1965) ”, halaman 103
luas perpindahan kalor < 200 ft2 menggunakan alat penukar kalor jenis double pipe
heat exchangers
BWG = 16
2
Luas lintang per tub, at' = 0,594 in
2
Luas permukaan lintang tube, Ao = 0,2618 ft /ft
Panjang tabung :
Berdasarkan line 21-22, "Chemichal Design and Priciples, Practice and
Economics Plant and Process Design", halaman 805.Panjang tabung standar
adalah 6 ft, 8 ft, 10 ft, 12 ft, 16 ft, 24 ft
Nt = A
L Ao
2
Nt = 201,7798 ft = 48,17
2
16 ft . 0,2618 ft /ft
Lampiran Cooler (CL-01)
Tube
Tipe = triangular pitch
Shell
ID = 10,00 in = 0,8330 ft
Passes = 1
Dimana:
A = Luas perpindahan kalor standar
A = 52 x 0,2618 ft2/ft x 16 ft
2
A = 217,818 ft
Lampiran Cooler (CL-01)
= 3330213,4548 BTU/jam
2
217,818 ft x 221,628 F
2
Flow area, at’ = 0,594 in
Nt x a't
at=
n
2 2
at = 52 x 0,594 in2 15,444 in = 0,10725 ft
=
2
2
Wt 22146,966 lb/jam = 206498,519 lb/jam.ft
Gt = =
at 0,10725 ft2
2
Gt 206498,519 lb/jam.ft
V = = = 0,90675 fps
p 63,2295 lb/ft3 .3600 s
hi = 340 BTU/jam.ft2.oF
hio= hi x ID
OD
Lampiran Cooler (CL-01)
0,87 in
= 340 BTU/jam.ft2.oF x
0,75 in
= 394,40 BTU/jam.ft2.oF
Cp = 0,4963 BTU/lb.F
2o
k = 0,078 Btu.ft/jam.ft . F
Clearance (C’)
C'= pitch - OD
= 1 in - 0,75 in
= 0,250 in
Dipilih B= 4 in
IDs x C' x B
as=
PT
Dimana
as = Aliran fluida dalam shell
IDs = Diameter dalam shell
B = Baffle spacing
PT = Tube pitch
C' = Clearance
Lampiran Cooler (CL-01)
(10 x 0,1875x 5) in
as=
1 in
5241,5760 lb/jam
Gs=
0,0694 ft2
= 75479,177 lb/jam.ft2
2
= (0,0825 ft x 75479,1772 lb/jam.ft )
1,5226 lb/jam.ft
= 2272,0387
𝑘 Cp x μ 1/3
ho= jH. ( )
𝐷𝑒 k
0,360
ho = 88.0,0825 . 2,130
2o
ho = 319,6466 Btu/jam.ft . F
Lampiran Cooler (CL-01)
hio . ho
Uc=
hio + ho
394,4000 x 319,6466
Uc= Btu/jam.ft2.oF
394,4000 + 319,6466
176,555 - 68,985
Rd= Btu/jam.ft2.oF
176,555 x 68,985
2o
Rd= 0,0088 Btu/jam.ft . F
Faktor pengotor (Rd) minimum untuk perancangan Heat Exchanger didapatkan dari
Tabel 12.Kern, D.Q.hal 846
2o
Rd min organik = 0,001 BTU/jam.ft . F
2o
Rd min water cooled = 0,003 BTU/jam.ft . F
2o
Rd min total = 0,001 + 0,003 = 0,004 BTU/jam.ft . F
Rd > Rd minimum total maka nilai Rd masih memenuhi syarat perancangan Heat
Exchanger
9. Pressure Drop
a. Shell Side : Fluida Panas
Untuk menghitung penurunan tekanan pada shell side, digunakan rumus
sebagai berikut:
f.Gs2. IDs.(N+1)
ΔPS=
5,22.1010 .De . Spgr
Lampiran Cooler (CL-01)
Dengan :
2 2
Re = 2272,04 Dari fig. 29 Kern diperoleh f= 0,003 ft /in
De = 0,55 in = 0,0458 ft
L = 16 ft
B = 4 in = 0,3332 ft
2
Gs = 75479,177 lb/jam.ft
3
p = 1,0427 kg/liter = 65,0967 lb/ft
L 16 ft
N+1 = = = 48,02
B 0,5415 ft
Maka:
f.Gt2 . L . n
ΔPt=
5,22.1010 .IDt . S
Lampiran Cooler (CL-01)
Dengan :
= 9302,6745
Maka:
2
Gt = 206498,519 lb/jam.ft
V2 62,5
( ) = 0,0054
2g 144
= 0,0432 psi
Lampiran Cooler (CL-01)
= 0,0029 atm
= 0,1298 psi
= 0,00883 atm
COOLER
(CL-01)
Fluida panas
o
Suhu masuk (T1) = 270 C
o
Suhu keluar (T2) = 100 C
Tekanan = 1 atm
Kecepatan Fluida = 2377,5417 kg/jam
Beban panas = 839760,6091 kJ/jam
2
Luas transfer panas = 217,818 ft
Fluida Dingin
o
Suhu masuk (t1) = 30 C
o
Suhu keluar (t2) = 50 C
Kecepatan Fluida = 10043,9756 kg/jam
Dimensi
Nt = 52
ODtube = 1 in = 0,0254 m
IDtube = 0,87 in = 0,0221 m
Pitch = 1,0 in = 0,0254 m
BWG = 16
Pass (n) = 0
Susunan pipa = Triangular pinch
IDshell = 10,00 in = 0,2540 m
L = 16 ft = 4,8768 m
Lampiran Cooler (CL-01)
Lampiran Cooler (CL-01)
Lampiran Cooler (CL-01)
Lampiran Cooler (CL-01)
Lampiran Cooler (CL-01)
Lampiran Cooler (CL-01)
Lampiran Cooler (CL-01)
Lampiran Cooler (CL-01)
Lampiran Cooler (CL-01)
Lampiran Cooler (CL-01)
Lampiran Cooler (CL-01)
Lampiran Cooler (CL-01)
Lampiran Cooler (CL-01)