@MWOYMN MDJLY WYMDULD D@LNLD 3

M[SJMN DCWCYMQMUMN
BMUM DS@LMJ DCWCYMQMUMN MNMD

O`cj 6
Bujmbbme Mrhlmn Nur Ylzdy B.J.
W719979=:7=8

WO@LUCDNLD DC[CJMUMN DCBCNUYLMN DC[CJMUMN

DM@LBMNUMN ULBSY
[MYFMNM UCYMWMN DCWCYMQMUMN ULNADMU LLL
UMJSN MFMYMN 9797/979=
 IMI L ULNFMSMN UCOYL

Nmbm Wcrkcptcc 6 Bujmbbme Mrhlmn Nur Ylzdy Bmtnur Jc`em`lnm

NLB 6 W719979=:7=8
Umnaam`Wrmdtld 6 99 - 98 Hcirumrl 979=

M. Fueu`Dmsus
Uubiuj dcbimna mnmd I.
Wcnacrtlmn.
Wcrtubiujmn (Arowtj) icrdmltmn ecnamn bmsm`mj pcruimjmn em`mb icsmr,
fub`mj, udurmn mtmu elbcnsl tlnadmt sc` oramn bmupun lnelvleuymna ilsm
eludur ecnamn udurmn icrmt (armb, poune, dl`oarmb), udurmn pmnfmna
(kb,bctcr), ubur tu`mna emn dcsclbimnamn bctmio`ld (rctcnsl dm`slub emn
nltroacn tuiuj). Wcrdcbimnamn (ecvc`opbcnt) mem`mj icrtmbimjnym
dcbmbpumn (sdl``) em`mb strudtur emn hunasl tuiuj ymna `cilj dobp`cds em`mb
po`m ymna tcrmtur emn empmt elrmbm`dmn, scimaml jmsl` emrl proscs
pcbmtmnamn. Elslnl bcnymnadut memnym proscs elhcrcnslmsl emrl sc`-sc` tuiuj,
fmrlnamn tuiuj, oramn-oramn emn slstcb oramn ymna icrdcbimna scecbldlmn

rupm scjlnaam bmslna-bmslna empmt bcbcnujl hunaslnym. Ucrbmsud fuam

pcrdcbimnamn cbosl, lntc`cdtum` emn tlnadmj `mdu scimaml jmsl` lntcrmdsl
ecnamn `lnadunamnnym
([octflnlnaslj, 9779).
Ucorl `mln bcnamtmdmn pcrdcbimnamn mem`mj mspcd proarcslh memptmsl
tcrjmemp `lnadunamn ymna icrslhmtdum`ltmtlh. Kontoj pcruimjmn dum`ltmtlh
lnl mem`mj pcnlnadmtmn dmpmsltms hunaslonm` pcnaumsmmn tcrjmemp
icicrmpm dctcrmbpl`mn ymna `cilj dckl`, blsm`nym mnmd uslm prmscdo`mj
ecnamn icrpmrtlslpmsl em`mb pcrkmdmpmn tc`cpon ecnamn ormna tum
bcrcdm (Wottcr & Wcrry,9773).Qm`mupun ecbldlmn scormna mnmd em`mb
imnymd jm` tcramntuna dcpmem ormna ecwmsm, blsm`nym bcnadonsubsl
bmdmnmn, pcrmwmtmn, ilbilnamn, pcrmsmmn mbmn, pcnkcamjmn pcnymdlt
emn scimamlnym. O`cj dmrcnm ltu scbum ormna-ormna ymna bcnempmt tuams
 bcnamwmsl mnmd jmrus bcnacrtl pcrsom`mn mnmd ymna scemna tubiuj emn
icrdcbimna
K. Ctlo`oal
Wroscs pcrtubiujmn emn pcrdcbimnamn mnmd, tlemd sc`mbmnym icrfm`mn
scsuml ymna eljmrmpdmn. Jm` lnl elscimidmn dmrcnm imnymd hmdtor ymna
bcbpcnamrujlnym, imld hmdtor ymna empmt eluimj/elboeldmsl ymltu hmdtor
dcturunmn, bmupun

hmdtor ymna tlemd empmt eluimj/elboeldmsl ymltu hmdtor `lnadunamn.

Mpmil`m mem hmdtor `lnadunamn ymna bcnycimidmn amnaaumn tcrjmemp
proscs tubiuj dcbimna mnmd, bmdm hmdtor tcrsciut pcr`u eluimj (elboeldmsl).

Icicrmpm hmdtor ymna empmt bcbpcnamrujl pcrtubiujmn emn

pcrdcbimnamn mnmd bcnurut Wottcr & Wcrry,9773 mem`mj scimaml icrldut6

=. Hmdtor acnctld.
=) Icrimaml hmdtor imwmmn ymna norbm` emn pmto`oald
9) Fcnls dc`mbln
;) [udu imnasm mtmu imnasm
9. Hmdtor `lnadunamn.
=) Hmdtor prcnmtm`
Alzl pmem wmdtu jmbl`, bcdmnls, todsln, cneodrln, rmelmsl, lnhcdsl,
strcss, lbunltms, mnodslm cbirlo
9) Hmdtor postnmtm`

m. Hmdtor @lnadunamn Ilo`oals

Yms, fcnls dc`mbln, ubur, alzl, dcpcdmmn tje pcnymdlt,
pcrmwmtmn dcscjmtmn, pcnymdlt dronls, emn jorbon
i. Hmdtor `lnadunamn sld

Kumkm, buslb, smnltmsl,dcmemmn rubmj.

k. @lnadunamn soklm`
[tlbu`msl, Botlvmsl ic`mfmr, [trcss, Dc`obpod scimym, Amnfmrmn
mtmu judubmn ymna wmfmr, Klntm emn dmslj smymna
 e. @lnadunamn dc`umram emn memt lstlmemt ymna `mln

Wcdcrfmmn, pcneleldmn mymj emn liu, fub`mj smuemrm,

stmil`ltms rubmj tmnaam, dcprlimelmn mymj/liu, mambm, memt

lstlmemt emn norbm-norbm

E. Wcnl`mlmn pcrtubiujmn hlsld

=. Sdurmn Mntropobctrld
Wcrtubiujmn sld mnmd pmem ububnym elnl`ml ecnamn bcnaaunmdmn
udurmnmntropobctrld ymna elicemdmn bcnfmel
9 dc`obpod ymna bc`lputl6
m. Ucramntuna ubur ymltu icrmt imemn (II) tcrjmemp ubur, tlnaal imemn (UI)
tcrjmemp ubur,`lnadmrmn dcpm`m (@D) tcrjmemp ubur emn `lnadmrmn
`cnamn mtms (@@M) tcrjmemp ubur.Sntud empmt bcbicrldmn
pcbmdnmmn sckmrm d`lnls pmem pmrmbctcr tcrsciut
elpcr`udmndctcrmnamn ymna mdurmt bcnacnml tmnaam` `mjlr mnmd.
Dcsu`ltmnnym mem`mj el emcrmj-emcrmjtcrtcntu, pcnctmpmn ubur
mnmd durmna tcpmt dmrcnm ormna tum tlemd lnamt imjdmn tlemd
memkmtmtmn bcnacnml tmnaam` `mjlrnym.

i. Ulemd tcramntuna ubur ymltu icrmt imemn tcrjmemp tlnaal imemn (II/UI),
`lnadmrmn `cnamnmtms (@@M) emn tcim` `lpmtmn du`lt (U@D).Jmsl`
pcnaudurmn mntropobctrld tcrsciut elimnelnadmn ecnamn sumtu imdu
tcrtcntublsm`nym NKJ[ emrl Jmrvmre mtmu stmnemr imdu nmslonm`
(Lneoncslm) scpcrtl ymna tcrcdmb pmemDmrtu Bcnufu [cjmt (DB[).
Ecnamn bc`ljmt pcrimnelnamn jmsl` pcnl`mlmn ecnamn stmnemr
imdutcrsciut bmdm empmt eldctmjul stmtus alzl mnmd. Nl`ml
pcrimnelnamn lnl empmt elaunmdmn untudbcnl`ml pcrtubiujmn sld
mnmd dmrcnm bcnunfuddmn poslsl mnmd tcrsciut pmem pcrscntl`
(%)dcicrmpm untud sumtu udurmn mntropobctrld pcrtubiujmnnym,
scjlnaam empmt
 elslbpu`dmnmpmdmj mnmd tcrsciut tcr`ctmd pmem vmrlmsl norbm`,
durmna mtmu `cilj. [c`mln ltu fuam empmtelmbmtl trcne (pcracscrmn)
pcrtubiujmn mnmd emrl wmdtu dc wmdtu.

9. IcrmtImemn (II)
Icrmt imemn (II) mem`mj pmrmbctcr pcrtubiujmn ymna pm`lna
scecrjmnm,buemj
eludur,emn elu`mna. II bcrupmdmn udurmn ymna tcrpcntlna ymna elpmdml
pmem sctlmp
pcbcrldsmmn pcnl`mlmn pcrtubiujmn sld mnmd pmem scbum dc`obpod
ubur dmrcnm IIbcrupmdmn lneldmtor ymna tcpmt untud bcnactmjul
dcmemmn alzl emn tubiuj dcbimna mnmdsmmt pcbcrldsmmn (mdut).
M`msmnnym mem`mj II smnamt scnsltlh tcrjmemp pcruimjmn sceldlt
smfmscpcrtl smdlt emn po`m bmdmn. [c`mln ltu emrl slsl pc`mdsmnmmn,
pcnaudurmn oiycdtlh emn empmtelu`mnal ecnamn tlbimnamn mpm smfm,
rc`mtlh burmj emn buemj, scrtm tlemd bcbcr`udmn wmdtu`mbm.
Nmbun, pcnaudurmn II tlemd scnsltlh tcrjmemp proporsl tuiuj
blsm`nym pcnecd acbudmtmu tlnaal durus. [c`mln ltu, icicrmpm donelsl
pcnymdlt empmt bcbpcnamrujl pcnaudurmn IIscpcrtl memnym icnadmd
(uecb), pcbicsmrmn oramn (oramnobcam`l), jleroschm`us, emnscimamlnym.
Em`mb dcmemmn tcrsciut, bmdm udurmn II tlemd empmt elaunmdmn untud
bcnl`mlstmtus nutrlsl.
Wcnl`mlmn stmtus nutrlsl ymna mdurmt fuam bcbcr`udmn emtm
tmbimjmn icrupm ubur ymnatcpmt,fcnls dc`mbln, emn mkumn stmnemr.
Emtm tcrsciut icrsmbm ecnamn pcnaudurmn

IIelpctmdmn pmem durvc stmnemr II/S emn II/UI mtmu eludur

pcrscntmscnym tcrjmemp stmnemrymna elmku.II/S elimnelnamn ecnamn
stmnemr, elnymtmdmn em`mb pcrscntmsc
m. >=97% elsciut alzl `cilj
i. :7-=97% elsciut alzl imld
k. 87-:7% tmnpm cecbm 2 alzldurmna
e. Ecnamn cecbm 2 alzl iurud
 c. 087% elsciut alzl iurud Wcruimjmn II pcr`u bcnempmt pcrjmtlmn dmrcnm
bcrupmdmn pctunfud memnym bmsm`mjnutrlsl mdut. Dcjl`mnamn II
empmt eldmtcaorldmn bcnfmel6 =. Ylnamn 2 dcjl`mnamn 3-=3%, 9.
[cemna 2 dcjl`mnamn =8-93%, Icrmt 2 dcjl`mnamn >93%

;. Ulnaal Imemn (UI)

Ulnaal imemn (UI) bcrupmdmn udurmn mntropobctrld dceum ymna
tcrpcntlna. WcnaudurmnUI scecrjmnm emn buemj el`mdudmn. Mpmil`m
eldmltdmn ecnamn jmsl` pcnaudurmn II mdmnbcbicrldmn lnhorbmsl pcntlna
tcntmna stmtus nutrlsl emn pcrtubiujmn sld mnmd. Sdurmn tlnaal imemn
pmem bmsm pcrtubiujmn empmt tcrus bcnlnadmt smbpml tlnaalbmdslbm`
elkmpml. UI bcrupmdmn lneldmtor ymna bcnaambimrdmn proscs
pcrtubiujmn ymnaicr`mnasuna em`mb durun wmdtu rc`mtlh `mbm (dronls),
emn icraunm untud bcnectcdsl amnaaumnpcrtubiujmn sld el bmsm `mbpmu.
Lneldmtor lnl dcuntunamnnym mem`mj pcnaudurmnnym oiycdtlh,empmt
elu`mna, m`mt empmt eliumt scnelrl, burmj emn buemj elimwm.
Dcrualmnnym pcruimjmn tlnaal imemn rc`mtlh `mbimt emn sudmr untud
bcnaudur tlnaalimemn sckmrm tcpmt. Wcnaudurmn UI pmem mnmd ubur
durmna emrl 9 tmjun ecnamn poslsl tleuremn

pmem mnmd ubur `cilj emrl 9 tmjun ecnamn icrelrl.[cpcrtl pmem II,
pcnaudurmn UI fuam bcbcr`udmn lnhorbmsl scpcrtl ubur ymna tcpmt,fcnls
dc`mbln emn stmnemr imdu ymna elmku. UI dcbuelmn elpctmdmn pmem
durvc UI mtmueljltuna tcrjmemp stmnemr imdu emn elnymtmdmn em`mb
pcrscn.UI/S elimnelnadmn ecnamn stmnemr imdu (%)
m. <7-==7% 2 imld/norbm`
i. 17-:<% 2 tlnaal durmna
k. 017% 2 tlnaal smnamt durmna

Ymslo II bcnurut UI (II/UI)

Ymslo II/UI fldm eldobilnmsldmn ecnamn II/S emn UI/S smnamt pcntlna emn
`cilj
 mdurmt em`mb pcnl`mlmn stmtus nutrlsl dmrcnm bcbicrldmn lnhorbmsl
bcnacnml proporsl tuiuj.Lnecds lnl elaunmdmn pmem mnmd pcrcbpumn
jmnym smbpml tlnaal imemn =;: kb emn pmem mnmd`c`mdl smbpml tlnaal
imemn =53 kb. [ctc`mj ltu, jmsl` pcrimnelnamn II/UI bcnfmel tlemdicrbmdnm,
dmrcnm memnym tmjmp pcrkcpmtmn pcrtubiujmn (arowtj spurt ) pmem
bmsm puicrtms.

Lntcrprctmsl II/UI (em`mb %)

m. =97 % 6 oicsltms
i. ==7-=97 % 6 ovcrwclajt
k. <7-==7 % 6 norbm`
e. 17-<7% 6 alzl durmna
c. 017% 6 alzl imld

5. @lnadmr Dcpm`m (@D)

@lnadmr dcpm`m (@D) bcnaambimrdmn pcrtubiujmn otmd emrl

cstlbmsl vo`ubc em`mbdcpm`m. @lnadmr dcpm`m elpcnamrujl o`cj stmtus alzl
mnmd smbpml uslm ;8 iu`mn. Wcnaudurmnrutln el`mdudmn untud bcnfmrlna
dcbunadlnmn memnym pcnycimi `mln ymna empmt
bcbpcnamrujlpcrtubiujmn otmd wm`mupun elpcr`udmn pcnaudurmn @D
sckmrm icrdm`m emrlpmem scwmdtuwmdtusmfm.Mpmil`m pcrtubiujmn
otmd bcnam`mbl amnaaumn ymna electcdsl emrl jmsl` pcnaudurmn@D ymna
dckl` (elnmbmdmn bldroschm`l) bmdm jm` lnl ilsm bcnamrmjdmn sl mnmd
pmem dc`mlnmnrctmremsl bcntm`. [cimldnym dm`mu mem amnaaumn
pmem slrdu`msl kmlrmn otmd (`lquor kcrcirosplnm`) bmdm vo`ubc dcpm`m
mdmn bcbicsmr (bmdroschm`l), dc`mlnmn lnl eldcnm` ecnamn jleroschm`us.
Wcnaudurmn @D pm`lna icrbmnhmmt pmem 8 iu`mn pcrtmbm smbpml 9
tmjun dmrcnm pmempcrloec lnl`mj pcrtubiujmn otmd icr`mnasuna ecnamn
pcsmt. Nmbun @D ymna minorbm` imlddckl` bmupun icsmr ilsm fuam
elscimidmn o`cj hmdtor acnctld (dcturunmn) emn imwmmn imylWmem 8
 iu`mn pcrtmbm dcjleupmn @D icrdlsmr mntmrm ;555 kb scemnadmn pmem
ubur =tmjun scdltmr 51 kb, 9 tmjun 5< kb emn ecwmsm 35 kb.

3. @lnadmr @cnamn Mtms (@@M)

@lnadmr `cnamn mtms (@@M) bcnaambimrdmn tubiuj dcbimna
fmrlnamn `cbmd el imwmj du`lt emn otot ymna tlemd imnymd tcrpcnamruj
o`cj dcmemmn kmlrmn tuiuj elimnelnadmn ecnamnicrmt imemn (II). @@M
`cilj scsuml untud elpmdml bcnl`ml dcmemmn alzl/tubiuj dcbimna
pmemmnmd dc`obpod ubur prmscdo`mj (=-3 tmjun). Wcnaudurmn @@M lnl
buemj, burmj, m`mt ilsm eliumt scnelrl emn ilsm el`mdudmn o`cjslmpm smfm.
M`mt ymna elaunmdmn ilmsmnym mem`mj pltm udur c`mstls. Nmbun,
pcnaaunmmn @@M lnl`cilj tcpmt untud bcnalecntldmsl mnmd ecnamn
amnaaumn alzl/pcrtubiujmn sld ymna icrmt.[c`mln ltu tcrdmemna
pcnaudurmnnym fuam ecnamn bcncdmn pcrtcnamjmn @@M ymna
elrmsmdmntlemd nymbmn imal mnmd-mnmd.Lntcrprctmsl jmsl` empmt
icrupm6
m. @@M (kb)6 0 =9.3 kb 2 alzl iurud (bcrmj), =9.3 ‛ =;.3 kb

2 alzl durmna (dunlna), >=;.3kb 2 alzl imld (jlfmu).

i. Il`m ubur tlemd eldctmjul, stmtus alzl elnl`ml ecnamn lnecds @@M/UI6
013% 2 alzl iurud,13-:7% 2 alzl durmna, :7-:3% 2 iorecr`lnc , emn >:3% 2
alzl imld (norbm`).

C. Wcnl`mlmn pcrdcbimnamn
Ecnvcr LL mem`mj rcvlsl utmbm emrl stmnemrelsmsl u`mna emrl
Ecnvcr Ecvc`opbcnt [krccnlna Ucst (EE[U) emn Ycvlslce Ecnvcr Ecvc`opbcntm` [krccnlna Ucst (EE[U-Y). Mem`mj
sm`mj smtu emrl bctoec sdrlnlna pcrdcbimnamn, ymna icrtufumn bcnectcdsl dc`mlnmn pcrdcbimnamn scelnl
bunadln pmem mnmd scjmt / mslbptobmtld, 7 iu`mn ‛ 8 tmjun. Icr`mnasuna rutln emn
pcrloeld pmem smmt pcbcrldsmmn dcscjmtmn imyl scjmt, bcbonltor
pcrdcbimnamn tcrutmbm pmem mnmd ymna bcbpunyml rlsldo tlnaal.
 Ucs lnl iudmn tcs elmanostld scjlnaam tlemd empmt bcnylbpu`dmn memnym
minorbm`ltms, jmnym suspckt / eleuam untud elrufud / elpcrldsm untud
pcncamdmn elmanosls emn tcs lnl
fuam iudmn tcs L] dmrcnm tlemd empmt bcbprceldsl L] eldcbuelmn jmrl.
Fuamtlemduntudbcnl`mlamnaaumnic`mfmr,

pcrl`mdu, cboslonm`emntlemdscimamlpcnaamntlpcbcrldsmmnsld,
ncuro`oalmtmu pun tcs elmanosls `mlnnymQmdtu ymna eliutujdmn =3-97 bcnlt.
H. Wroscs Dcpcrmwmtmn
=. Wcnadmflmn
=) Lecntltms/ Iloemtm
Nmbm 6 Lecntltms
Sbur 6Sbur pm`lna rmwmn mem`mj bmsm im`ltm untud bcnactmjul emsmr
pcrdcbimnamn mnmd ([octflnlnaslj, =<<3 6 =7).

9) Wmem bmsymrmdmt mwmb, wmnltm bcbpunyml stmtus ymna `cilj rcnemjFcnls

dc`mbln elimnelna `mdl-`mdl, scjlnaam mnadm dcbmtlmn imyl emn bm`nutrlsl
bmslj tlnaal pmem wmnltm ([octflnlnaslj, =<<3 6 =7).

;) Mnmd Dc…
Fub`mj mnmd ymna imnymd em`mb dc`umram ecnamn dcmemmn soslm`
cdonoblnym kudup mdmn bcnamdlimtdmn durmnanym pcrjmtlmn emn dmslj
smymna ymna eltcrlbm, ic`ub eltmbimj `mal il`m fmrmd mnmd tcr`m`u ecdmt
([octflnlnaslj, =<<3 6 =7).

5) Mambm
Wcnamfmrmn mambm jmrus suemj eltmnmbdmn pmem mnmd-mnmd scelnl
bunadln, dmrcnm ecnamn bcbmjmbl mambm mdmn bcnuntut ubmtnym untud
icriumt dcimldmn emn dcimfldmn ([octflnlnaslj, =<<3 6 =7).

3) Wcnmnaauna Fmwmi
M.Nmbm ormna tum scimaml pcnmnaauna fmwmi
I. Wcneleldmn mymj/ liu
Wcneleldmn bcrupmdmn sm`mj smtu hmdtor pcntlna em`mb tubiuj
dcbimna mnmd dmrcnm ecnamn pcneleldmn ymna `cilj imld bmdm ormna
tum empmt bcncrlbm scimaml lnhorbmsl tcntmna dcscjmtmn mnmdnym.

Ecnamn pcnempmtmn dc`umram ymna bcbmeml bcnunfmna tubiuj

dcbimna mnmd dmrcnm ormna tum empmt bcnycelmdmn scam`m
dciutujmn mnmd.

8) M`mbmt
 Sntud bcnactmjul elbmnm tcbpmt tlnaam` scwmdtu eliutujdmn.

1) Ylwmymt Dcscjmtmn Mnmd Bmsm @m`u

Ylwmymt dcscjmtmn liu, alzl liu jmbl` fc`ms scic`ub tcrfmelnym dcjmbl`mn
bmupun scemna jmbl`, mdmn bcnajmsl`dmn II@Y mtmu imyl `mjlr bmtl emn
bcnycimidmn kmkmt imwmmn, fuam bcnajmbimt pcrtubiujmn otmd fmnln,
mncblm pmem II@, buemj tcrdcnm lnhcdsl, miortus emn `mln-`mln
([octflnlnaslj, =<<3 6 9).

:) Ylwmymt Wmrcntm` (Ylwmymt dcscjmtmn liu)

Alzl liu jmbl` fc`ms scic`ub tcrfmelnym dcjmbl`mn bmupun scemna jmbl`, mdmn
bcnajmsl`dmn imyl icrmt `mjlr rcnemj (II@Y) mtmu imyl `mjlr bmtl emn
bcnycimidmn kmkmt imwmmn, fuam bcnajmbimt pcrtubiujmn otmd
fmnln, mncblm pmem imyl imru `mjlr, II@ buemj tcrdcnm lnhcdsl, miortus emn
`mln-`mln ([octflnlnaslj, =<<3 6 9).

<) Ylwmymt Dc`mjlrmn

Imyl imru `mjlr jmrus ilsm bc`cwmtl bmsm`mj trmnslsl, emrl suju slstcb ymna
tcrmtur ymna scimalmn icsmr tcramntuna pmem oramn-oramn liunym, dc sumtu
slstcb ymna tcramntuna pmem pmem dcbmbpumn acnctld emn bcdmnlsbc
jobcostmtld imyl ltu scnelrl. Bmsm prcnmtm` ymltu bmsm mntmrm 9: blnaau
em`mb dmneunamn smbpml 1 jmrl sctc`mj el`mjlrdmn, bcrupmdmn bmsm mwmn
em`mb proscs tubiuj dcbimna mnmd djususnym tubiuj dcbimna otmd. Urmubm
dcpm`m mdlimt pcrsm`lnmn mdmn icrpcnamruj icsmr emn empmt bcnlnaam`dmn
kmkmt ymna pcrbmncn ([octflnlnaslj, =<<3 6 5-3).

=7)Ylwmymt Dcscjmtmn Dc`umram

Em`mb dc`umram il`m mem ymna bcnecrltm smdlt bcnu`mr empmt
bcnu`mrdmn pmem imylnym. Fuam hmdtor acnctld bcrupmdmn boem` emsmr
bcnkmpml jmsl` mdjlr proscs tubiuj dcbimna ([octflnlnaslj, =<<3 6 9).

==)Ylwmymt Uubiuj Dcbimna

Ecnamn bcnactmjul l`bu tubiuj dcbimna, empmt bcnectcdsl icrimamljm` ymna

icrjuiunamn ecnamn scam`m upmym untud bcnfmam emn bcnaoptlbm`dmn
tubiuj dcbimna mnmd imld hlsld, bcntm`, emn soslm`,
fuam bcncamddmn elmanosm elnl sctlmp dc`mlnmn tubiuj dcbimna emn
dcbunadlnmn pcnmnamnmn ymna chcdtlh scrtm bcnkcamj emn bcnkmrl
pcnyciminym ([octflnlnaslj, =<<361).

=9)Ylwmymt Lbunlsmsl
Ecnamn pcbicrlmn lbunlsml eljmrmpdmn mnmd tcrjlnemr emrl
pcnymdltpcnymdlt tcrtcntu ymna ilsm bcnycimidmn dckmkmtmn emn
dcbmtlmn. Elmnfurdmn mnmd scic`ub ubur = tmjun suemj bcnempmt
lbunlsml `cnadmp ([octflnlnaslj, =<<36 1).
 =;)Wo`m dcilmsmmn scjmrl-jmrl
M. Nutrlsl/ alzl
Wcbicrlmn nutrlsl pmem mnmd jmrus kudup imld emrl scal dumntltms
bmupun dum`ltmsnym scpcrl 6 protcln, `cbmd, dmriojlermt emn blncrm`
scrtm vltmbln (L`yms, edd, =<<; 6 =7-==).

I. C`lblnmsl IMI/ IMD

Mnmd ubur =,3-9 tmjun icrjcntl bcnaobpo` pmem slmna jmrl. 9,3-; tmjun
icrjcntl bcnaobpo` pmem bm`mb jmrl. Mnmd pcrcbpumn `cilj eu`u icrjcntl
bcnaobpo`, il`m ubur ;-5 tmjun bmslj bcnaobpo`, elkmrl pcnyciminym.
Uol`ct trmlnlna (`mtljmn echcdmsl pcr`u elbu`ml

pymna bcbpcrbuemj dc`mnkmrmn pcbicrlmn bmdmnmn)cnyciminym mamr

cvmdumsl slsm bmdmnmn el`mdudmn sckmrm tcrmtur
(Mieocrrmkjbmn, edd, =<:3 6 33).

K. Lstlrmjmt emn tleur

Mnmd ymna suemj bu`ml icsmr mdmn icrdurmna wmdtu lstlrmjtnym.
Dmrcnm dcalmtmn hlsldnym bcnlnadmt scpcrtl icrbmln. Dciutujmn tleur 9
jlnaam ; fmb tleur slmna emn 1 jlnaam : fmb pmem smmt bm`mb jmrl.
([urymnmj, =<<8 6 :7).

E. O`mjrmam emn Ycdrcmsl

O`mjrmam mdmn bcnlnadmtdmn slrdu`msl, mdtlhltms hlslo`oal emn
elbu`ml pcrdcbimnamn otot-otot (L`yms, edd, =<<; 6 =8).
C. Wcrsonm` Jyalcnc
Mnmd bmnel 9x scjmrl, dcrmbms ;x scblnaau, potona dudu = dm`l scblnaau,
bcbicrsljdmn bu`ut emn alal.

H. Umnem-tmnem Xltm`
[uju,tcdmnmn emrmj,nmel emn rcsplrmsl.

9. ElmanosmDcpcrmwmtmn
Elmanosm dcpcrmwmtmn ymna bunadln bunku` pmem mnmd scjmt
icremsmrdmn [EDL (97=1), elmntmrmnym 6
=) Amnaaumn tubiuj dcbimna (E.7=78) i.e chcd dctlemdbmbpumn hlsld

;. YcnkmnmUlnemdmnDcpcrmwmtmn
 Ycnkmnm tlnemdmn dcpcrmwmtmn ymna tcrelrl emrl tufumn emn krltcrlm
jmsl `scsuml [@DL (97=<) emn lntcrvcnsl dcpcrmwmtmnscsuml [LDL (97=:),
elmntmrmnym 6

No UufumnemnDrltcrlmJmsl` Lntcrvcnsl
ElmanosmDcpcrmwmtmn
. ([@DL) ([LDL)

1. Amnaaumn tubiuj Uufumn 6 [ctc`mj el`mdudmn Wcrmwmtmn pcrdmbimnamn

dcbimna (E.7=78) i.e lntcrvcnsl sc`mbm ; x :
chcd dctlemdbmbpumn fmb, bmdm stmtus
hlsld pcrtubiujmn pmslcn
bcnlnadmt. (@.=7=79)
Drltcrlm jmsl` 6
=. Icr mt imemn scsuml uslm
bcnlnadmt
9. Wmnfmna/tlnaal imemn
scsuml uslm bcnlnamdmt
;. @ln ad mr dcp m` m
bcnlnadmt
(L.=7;;<)
Oiscrvmsl6
=.= Lecntlhldmsl pcnkmpmlmn
tuams ocrdcbimnamn
mnmd
=.9 Lecntlhldmsl lsymrmt
pcrl`mdu emn hlslo`oals
ymna eliutujdmn
imyl/mnmd
Ucrmpcutld 6
=.; Blnlbm`dmn nycrl

5. Lnecds bmsm tuiuj =.5 Blnlbm`dmn dcilslnamn

 bcnlnadmt rumnamn
=.3 Botlvmsl mnmd
Uufumn 6 [ctc`mj el`mdudmn icrlntcrmdsl
lntcrvcnsl sc`mbm ; x : =.8 Wcrtmjmndmn dcnymbmnmn
fmb, bmdm stmtus mnmd
pcrdcbimnamn pmslcn =.1 Hmsl`ltmsl mnmd bc`mtlj
bcnlnadmt. (@.=7=79) dctcrmbpl`mn
Drltcrlm jmsl` 6 Ceudmsl6
=. Dct crmbpl m`mn =.: Fc`msdmn ormna tum
/pcrl`mdu scsuml uslm emn/mtmu pcnamsuj
bcnlnadmt tcntmna pcrtdcbimnamn
9. Ycs pon soklm` mnmd emn pcrl`mdu mnmd
bcnlnadmt =.< Mnfurdmn ormna tum
icrlntcrmdsl ecnamn
mnmdnym

EMHUMY WS[UMDM

WWNL, U. W. (97=1). [tmnemr Elmanosls Dcpcrmwmtmn Lneoncslm ([EDL)6

EchlnlslemnLneldmtorElmanostld ((kctmdmn LLL) = ce.). Fmdmrtm6 EWW WWNL.

WWNL, U. W. (97=:). [tmnemrLntcrvcnslDcpcrmwmtmn Lneoncslm ([LDL)6

EchlnlslemnUlnemdmnDcpcrmwmtmn ((kctmdmn LL) = ce.). Fmdmrtm6 EWW WWNL.
WWNL, U. W. (97=<). [tmnemr@umrmnDcpcrmwmtmn Lneoncslm ([@DL)6
EchlnlslemnDrltcrlmJmsl`Dcpcrmwmtmn ((kctmdmn LL) = ce.). Fmdmrtm6 EWW WWNL
Irunncr & [ueemrt. 977:. Dcpcrmwmtmn Bceldm Icemj Celsl :. Fmdmrtm 6 CAK
Mnerm [mhcrl Qlfmym & \csslc Bmrlzm Wutrl .97=;. DBI 9 Dcpcrmwmtmn. Bceldm`
Icemj Dcpcrmwmtmn Ecwmsm. \oaymdmrtm6 NujmBceldm
Wrlkc[y`vlm M, Ql`son @orrmlnc B. 97=9.Wmtohlslo`oal6 DonscpD`lnls. Wroscs-Wroscs
Wcnymdlt. Fmdmrtm6 CAK
[bc`tzcr, [. 977:. Iudu Mfmr Dcpcrmwmtmn Bceldm` Icemj Xo`ubc 9 Celsl :.Fmdmrtm 6 CAK.
Qlfmym Mnerm [mhcrl, Wutrl \csslc Bmrlzm. 97=;. Dcpcrmwmtmn Bceldm` Icemj 9.
\oaymdmrtm 6 Nujm Bceldm