Pengantar K3 Listrik

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 Today’s discussion

1. Referensi standar terkait K3 Listrik

2. Bahaya Listrik

3. Beberapa contoh sumber bahaya Listrik dan

pengendaliannya

4. Safe Work Practice

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 1. Referensi Standar
• PUIL 2011 Persyaratan Umum
Instalasi Listrik
(SNI 0225:2011) – Bagian 4
Proteksi untuk Keselamatan

• IEC 60364-4-41:2005 Low-

voltage electrical installations -
Part 4-41: Protection for safety

• NFPA 70E Standard for

Electrical Safety in the
Workplace 3
 2. Bahaya Listrik
Menurut NFPA 70E Standard for Electrical
Safety in the Workplace – Annex K

a. Electrical Shock
b. Arc Flash
c. Arc Blast

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 a. Electrical Shock
Shock Severity
• Severity of the shock depends on:

⮚Path of current through the

body
⮚Duration of the shocking
current through the body,
⮚Amount of current flowing
through the body (amps)

• LOW VOLTAGE DOES NOT

MEAN LOW HAZARD
 Berapa arus yg lewat?

80 Ω
V=IxR
460
460
Ω
Ω
I=V/R 125 125
Ω Ω

Bila V tinggi, I tinggi

15 Ω

Tapi R (APD) bisa

menurunkan arus, R besar 840
Ω
840
Ω
maka I rendah (aman)
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 Dangers of Electrical Shock
• Muscular Contraction.
Currents above 10 mA*
can paralyze or “freeze”
muscles.
• Currents more than 75 mA
can cause a rapid,
ineffective heartbeat --
death will occur in a few
minutes unless a Defibrillator in
use
defibrillator is used
• 75 mA is not much current
– a small power drill uses • mA = milliampere =
30 times as much • 1/1.000 of an ampere
 Burns
• Most common shock-related
injury
• Occurs when you touch
electrical wiring or equipment
that is improperly used or
maintained
• Typically occurs on hands
• Very serious injury that
needs immediate attention
 Falls
• Electric shock can also
cause indirect injuries
• Workers in elevated
locations who experience
a shock may fall,
resulting in serious injury
or death
 b. Arc Flash
• Suhu yang sangat tinggi

• Injury/cedera:
⮚Luka bakar, hingga luka
bakar derajat 3
⮚Kebutaan

OSHA Office of Training & Education 10

 c. Arc Blast
• Ledakan akibat pemanasan
seketika yg ditimbulkan oleh
arc flash, karena pemuaian
udara dan logam-logam.

• Injury/cedera:
⮚Tuli
⮚Kerusakan organ akibat
tekanan tinggi
⮚Serpihan material tajam,
kecepatan tinggi 11
3. Beberapa contoh sumber bahaya
Listrik dan pengendaliannya

a. Exposed Electrical Part

b. Overhead Powerlines
c. Inadequate Wiring

OSHA Office of Training & Education 12

 a. Exposed Electrical Parts

Cover removed from wiring or breaker box

OSHA Office of Training & Education 13
 Control – Close Openings

• Junction boxes, pull

boxes and fittings must
have approved covers
• Unused openings in
cabinets, boxes and
fittings must be closed
(no missing knockouts)
Photo shows violations
of these two
requirements
OSHA Office of Training & Education 14
 b. Overhead Power Lines
• Usually not insulated
• Examples of equipment that
can contact power lines:
⮚ Crane
⮚ Ladder
⮚ Scaffold
⮚ Backhoe
⮚ Scissors lift
⮚ Raised dump truck bed
⮚ Aluminum paint roller

OSHA Office of Training & Education 15

Power Line Hazard Awareness – Crane

Operator jangan turun, kecuali crane terbakar.

Turun melompat dgn 2 kaki sebisa mungkin rapat, menjauhi area
dgn melompat kecil 2 kaki tetap rapat, atau berjalan dengan
menggeserkan kedua kaki tanpa memisah
http://elcosh.org/document/1679/d000592/power-line-hazard-awareness.html
Raised dump truck

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 Scissor lift

https://www.poweraccess.com.au/blog/the-top-scissor-lift-hazards/ 18
 Control - Overhead Power Lines
• Stay at least 10 feet away
• Post warning signs
• Assume that lines are
energized
• Use wood or fiberglass
ladders, not metal
• Power line workers need
special training & PPE

OSHA Office of Training & Education 19

 c. Inadequate Wiring
• Hazard - wire too small for the current
• Example - portable tool with an
extension cord that has a wire too
small for the tool
⮚ The tool will draw more current than
the cord can handle, causing
overheating and a possible fire Wire Gauge

without tripping the circuit breaker

⮚ The circuit breaker could be the right WIRE

size for the circuit but not for the

smaller-wire extension cord

OSHA Office of Training & Education 20

 Pastikan
Kuat Hantar Arus kabel > In pengaman > I beban

Arus beban 1,8 A

MCB In=2A
M
KHA = 3A

OSHA Office of Training & Education 21

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Katalog kabel

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KHA (Kuat Hantar Arus) tdk memadai

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 Another scenario…
(Penambahan beban, penggantian
pengaman, tanpa evaluasi kabel)

Trip, diganti Motor 1 phasa

In=4A
MCB In=2A Arus 1,8 A
Arus total 3,6
M
KHA = 3A

Motor 1 phasa
M
Arus 1,8 A
 Control – Use the Correct Wire

• Wire used depends on operation, building

materials, electrical load, and environmental factors
• Use fixed cords rather than flexible cords
• Use the correct extension cord

• Qualified Technician

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 4. Safe Work Practice
• Dalam perbaikan
⮚Matikan
⮚LOTO – (Lock Out Tag
out) Kunci & beri tanda
⮚Test

• Hindari kondisi basah

• Gunakan APD yang sesuai

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Terimakasih, semoga
bermanfaat

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