Peritonitis CSS 1
Peritonitis CSS 1
Presentan :
Edwina Sukmasari Yunus
Perisza Kenanga M
Mochammad Faris Ardiasnyah
Peritoneum merupakan suatu lapisan membrane
serosa tipis yang menempel pada dinding
abdomen dan melindungi organ dalam rongganya.
● perforasi
● Apendisitis perforasi
● typhus abdominalis
● trauma organ
● peritonitis yang disebabkan infeksi kuman
mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Infective –
Penyebab tersering peritonitis : bakteri
Non-infective –
Kebocoran dari cairan tubuh yang steril ke peritoneum
yang menyebabkan peritonitis
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Faktor Risiko
• Penyakit hati dengan ascites
• Appendicitis
• Pancreatitis
• Trauma
• CAPD (Countinous Ambulatory Peritonealn Dyalisis
• Ulkus gaster
• Infeksi kandung empedu
• Kerusakan ginjal
• Klasifikasi
• Berdasarkan pathogenesis
• Primary peritonitis
• Secondary peritonitis
• Tertiary peritonitis
• Primary Peritonitis
• Primary peritonitis occurs when microbes invade the normally
sterile confines of the peritoneal cavity via hematogenous
dissemination from a distant source of infection or direct
inoculation.
• This process is more common among patients who retain
large amounts of peritoneal fluid due to ascites, and in those
individuals who are being treated for renal failure via
peritoneal dialysis.
• Secondary Peritonitis
• Secondary peritonitis occurs subsequent to
contamination of the peritoneal cavity due to
perforation or severe inflammation and
infection of an intra-abdominal organ.
• Examples include appendicitis, perforation of
any portion of the gastrointestinal tract, or
diverticulitis.
• Tertiary (persistent) peritonitis.
• Patients in whom standard therapy fails then develop an
intra-abdominal abscess, leakage from a GI anastomosis
leading to postoperative peritonitis
• Even with effective antimicrobial agent therapy, this
disease process is associated with mortality rates in
excess of 50%.
• Hypotension and tachycardia
• Fever
Manifestasi
and whether the inflammation is localized or generalized.
Klinis
• Absent of bowel sound
• Sign of dehydration
Prinsip penatalaksanaan :
● mengontrol sumber infeksi
● menghilangkan bakteri dan toksinnya
● menstabilkan fungsi system tubuh
● mengontrol proses inflamasi
PENATALAKSANAAN
E coli (40%)
K pneumoniae (7%)
Pseudomonas species (5%)
Primary Gram-negative Third-generation cephalosporin
Proteus species (5%)
Streptococcus species (15%)
Staphylococcus species (3%)
Anaerobic species (<5%)
E coli
Gram-negative Enterobacter species
Klebsiella species
Proteus species
Streptococcus species
Gram-positive Second-generation cephalosporin
Enterococcus species
Third-generation cephalosporin
Penicillins with anaerobic activity
Secondary
Quinolones with anaerobic activity
Quinolone and metronidazole
Bacteroides fragilis Aminoglycoside and metronidazole
Other Bacteroides species
Anaerobic Eubacterium species
Clostridium species
Anaerobic Streptococcus species
Acute pancreatitis
Ileus obstruktif
Complication
Left untreated, peritonitis can extend beyond peritoneum, where it may cause:
A bloodstream infection (bacteremia).
An infection throughout your body (sepsis). Sepsis is a rapidly progressing,
life-threatening condition that can cause shock and organ failure.
Prognosis
• Mortality rates are <10% for uncomplicated
peritonitis
• Mortality rates are >40% have been reported for
elderly people, those with underlying illness, and
when peritonitis has been present for >48h
DAFTAR PUSTAKA