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591
CuSU Pn \Uv Uv so xvUP \U PkUPzu

sk? Pzvh AUS CUQ A, uu Ax vu
sk G Eu\ sqQ? Ax Czu AUS
Pn "u uzx'' GQP, Au mk Ak
uzv
sn?
bUS
J
J
BPskv G P Ezun G Au
mkUPsk Eu\ sqx, u J \Uvu Ai
sqUQx G u C? Ax AuS Ah[Q
|P uzv sqv nP G CUQx?
"b b Eu\ sqQxTh | u; AUSU
Pzz zv (u \Q G En) C' G \,
Ax, "Cu v H A Pzz C Uv uP
GuUThx?' G { P Qx. P PnP Aux
[P Ezu]zx Da b b Eu\ sqQ
G, Cu [PUPP si A Da Uv
uP Gu snu? J b Dau P
PnzxUPP Ah u P wQ P sn
UQ G, P Pn b Eu\zv P mk
Hk? UP] bUP G, " ;
|Px' G Jx[Qzu P? Au P Pn
sqx G Uv o snzu sk; uz uP,
zh, v u, G [P Ezu]zx
snzu sk.
bUS u Qhx G C A. Ai
zxUPsh, " H A UP sqQ?' G
Pmh, "Dau P [UzxUPP (EP |a \).
A sn UQ' G v \ siUQx. Cx
\ "BUm' i Cv UvU Pu AhUP.
Czu \ , iP b | Gx
wuQ. "bn' G | Guu \ J
b Gi Gx AUSzu u & Ax
AUSUThz ux ! BP, "b P UPzu Bu?
Uv UPzu zv sq?' G PmuP i
Azu. A Gx \; \UP; Pzv
APP APzv PP CUP. (]zx) b
n J n \iuxu !
B\ Dau. Au AUS P G J
C. Au[P P EzunzxUPP |hUQ. Gx
Pzu EzuUPsk Da {zx AukUQ
592
Au A uUS Pzu Pzu UQ

GQkQx. P CPU Pg\ Pg\PU QmhU
Pskx uP soU PuPPzu AuUQ.
ui P, Uv CxP P "U'P (iiP)
Su bzv AzuP BP i. Au J
Au Cx G zv sozu BPsk.
G Au[P [PUS PmiP xPsk, vP
P, Uv |P zxzu CUQ. Au
B\ zh sov, v vh sov,
Bu U[P Hkzvz uuv, uzv uP[P
Gvv, zuP (nP) Gx.
""Pu u Pu''
B\ ~u Gkzx ~P v z
zP , A[P[P uh v \Uv u {z
P vkuS v u uua \x Psh
PzxUS a \u. v aP u\ so.
APh Auu C. C Au _
vzxa \sh mh. Qn C Au h
uPa \vu. Ci Auzv ]z. C[P
Au B\ w & aP u\
soo. Ax Da Ah Ix iP [P[P J
_iU Pmh Pkzu. _i A PkzuuP \xsk.
_i G Cux G, A _P[P. Ax
a u uzvzx sox G, "u
|z'u ]v UuuP \u v Cu
aP[P UuuP \u G Csk uPa
\xsk. J Uu zvx Psk A
ix G \vu v HkQx.
g\ [P[P Da . G \ P,
P u Guu A. _iu aP[P
A . Gi AUS CUPmh u
[P z P AUS J CUQx. Au
aP[P uU Szu v \v [Pu UQP
Cu. BP, g\[P Gi Da , Ai Cu
uza _i A . Bi [P[P Da
Pkzu v, uzvzu A Pkzu G
zuUQx. Pkzu, [QU Psh, PkUP mh x
G Ju ! Cv Azu, zu Csk
PxkQ !
\nP
593
Cu g\ [P[P Ju ( Pg] PPi) hzx

UQ \va. CuS P [P G . UQ
| Uv [P Pu|zv, [P |zv }Psh
zzv, P[P ][P, [P ]uzv
B\ vh snmh. Au k |hu Pu. g\
[P[P, uza _i UPsh B\ Pzv
Dauzu, A nzu P\kzxuPPU
Pzvx mh. \ P C|u |vPa
B\ Pu _iU Pmh zu."" Pkzu
\ Pkv'' G \xsh? Au v
|vPaUS, " zu v \va _i Pzu
mk Qu?'' G u Hmhx. AUS Ax
P xk. Au v Cx ux. u P.
B\ zx A Pu _i izx Czu. B\
zxU Psk x mh. B |vPa Ev
_i vUS A PUS mhx. aPzv
Izux Ah mh. Ax _i P. B\
P u |zv aP mk g] {x.
E[PUP |vPa P PP Qu
G? "Bmh B\ x? A Pzv
\Pq Ah Pkzu uPzv vUS |USa \
iui A snx?' G P . B
GUP Au |v "u[U' snqu
CUQx' H a\ Pu P[P.
"A A~U soU Pkzu. Av vUS Pmh
mk mh ! [P Ezu]zx mih ua \zuU
PkUQ vU Pkzu. u mkmh !' G B\
U\ Ahu. "\[P P \[P' G EP | u
soUPsi|u, AuP uh uzv J nzu
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PzxUSa \h Pkzx mh !' G
zumh.
Ax A Bb so. "u Izux
aP[P } zv sok. Axu G [P. Axu
GUS v. CuPPu Auz uki sox'' G
Ah Ezu. Eh Ph h vux B\
A ]x u A[P A[PP ozx i
aPP zv somh. u |zv aP v
\v. AuU Pg\ u Pk {[Pk
594
A~u so A~UP i. vP, Ssh}P

u Au Pzv . Cv Pg\ u u uS.
u E Giso G G {x .
Ah u. Au , U u
UP , PkP EUP E UPzu
HkzvUQ. Auu Ai Aizu A~h sn
sk. B u\, uz n, Rzu kx,
sqx, Pu n Pmx G P CUQx, Ax
ux G , P, \U G GkzxUPsk,
B ""CxP { C sq'' G A Au
UQzu Gu {. iu ] USzu C G
mkh sk.
Cimh ] h mk B\ u [Ph
Pn Psh. " z BUQ' G Phzv
A mi Qx. Au A AP v
P C, u P P\v u (Tux vi
) P [P Pzx zx ukiP J n
P v Izvx aP[P i A~U somh.
Ah u Ah Pu UPP Au
somhx.
Cu Izvx aP[PUS mk SP "u
' G u |zvx zx \Qx Esk.
u |zv aP[PUS "Bu' G \P.
Csh \zu aP J uzvPU Psku
n \ sk. Ci J PU Px u
PzxUS "Bu ' G, Csh PzxUS "u '
G . zuP Csk \u US "u '
Gu .
B\ PzxUS w ahx g\
[P u a _iU Pmk UPsk u |
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Cu "U'P "L' so "Bu Q \[P 'zv
"'Pa \UQx.
u AuP (u) PuP
Esk. u |zv Eh aP B\
soxu G US AUQx. u |zu
A Pzvx PskvuTh, uPzu A
\v u. H |US Gmh
Pzvuu Pzv \zxUSU Psk u Au?
\nP
595
PThz u[P z[P sn HP BP\zv

zvu \u[P | PmQv |US izxUPkzx
\ soPu. B J vzvS C G
Au \ so u \U PsiUQ.
Au {zv z \zP Ax |h u P 41
aP[P B\ u |h PzvSU Psk uu
A uPa \.
C a \u xvu AuU P u
G, B\ ? Au P \[Pu Pi \[PP
ux? Au A sou C \v S. u
|zv aP[P v \v [P, Ssh} P
uz[P, z GQ zu Bu [P
ua \Q. Av EPPUS EP
[P CUQ. B, , B\ UQx u
59 aP[P AP AS. PzxUS , xzxUS Cu
USu ]P G \Q v Aimh Azu aP[P
A. \S, S Csi Din C. P
[P iux izx BuhU Tix Cu Pu.
[Pzv \u Avu U[P, ][P
|Pzu
[PTh,
PzuP
Au
v
mhk \x Jmkh i. Cu vu
B\ u aPzv J zu Gkzxmk
AuS v C zu h ix !
A Pkzu uzzv vUS B\
|vPah |hmhu |US ! Au |h
HmiUPmh B\ [ (USa ]) Gzu
Aux G |USz uvUS? Auu |vPaz
"u[U' snz ux. A mk snvu | izx
izx BukuS, Au P Ah Uv PuS
Cmh aP[P QhzvUS?
""|vPa |hP GuS?

"B A H CuPP Hu J uzvzuU Pkzx,
Av J Pzu C PkUP so, u C i
DkPmh sk G \q? \P, x\P C J uz
sqi Bb soUP? uPzuU Pkzx Av
J P mk PzxUSU Qhzx C P QhUP
sq?'' G & Ah [P, |u |USz
ux. Cu ] Pn uQx.
596
A EuS z P CUQx. Uv UPzv

Pu n[P v uz CUQx. z P EPP
Uv uz iPz u[PUS mhP {UPhx & "|
v J {, B\, w E? Jsq uz
isk !' G {UPhx. Au v uz n
sqQP zP , "| v Ak, "A'
G Pu UPz u & P k Ah
u, Sn u, u uP
A~zx P Ah zvuSz u &
Cu mk mk G u z?' G {UPUThx.
A US HP Ai Ai UP[P. JzuUP
z&z E Dkk, PuP xvv Dkk G
Csk CUP. Bv Csk UPP J \x
iUSiP J Uu Cu |u A {zvUP.
Bv P uzzv u |zu aP[P z
G w GkzxUPuPTh uzP izu KUS
P Gu, z \z, Ssh} P, \U
G uP | u\zxUS G Cx BzP S
uzu U Pg\ Aih Ax P Gu,
Auk P n[P {u J Uv xv \zx J
uPP CUP sn G {zvUP.
"Csk \u J uPP B\ x\P J sqi
BbzvUP' AUSz uu z \z? G, AuS
v CUQx !
P uzzv |zv aP[PUS A G
Cuu? z \vzv C P, P,
|h |PzxUS CuuP, v P[PUP EuP
A|P [P A CvUP. Auu Av
|PzvP Pzuk PuP C P \USi A
{zvUP.
CuP P, Ci sn zuu, "m
Bu'PP J uPzv P P \[P P Pi
\[PP BUQ, A C , J G UP i?
u \u xv, u AuQa \u xv G Csh
Jmizx HP xvUQ PzxUSU Pmhsk Gsnzv
A Ci |vPaU Psk |hP |hzvUP. C[P
C P ; |vPa sqi ?
A P uzvzv |zu aP[P mk
B\h GkzxU Pkzx, "Cx J \uPzvx Gkzux. CuS
\nP
597
x P PUS sh PkUP. B
\uPzvx sk Pkzuu } C Izux aP
soa \zx P Pzv \ sq' G
\UP?
CiU Pmh, (A Aia) \UP ix G v
\ siUQx. H & P xva \u
\[Pu Cu \[P G Au zv C |
. Auu v&az uiUPsk
P |P soUQ? Cimhh A
Da so uzzvx J Pzu mk Pkzx, "UQ
} zv sq' G Dak AUS (zx) Pmia
\ Ax Au zv A "Ii'PU Pmh si |
zu A x Pu vS. Ax, A J Pzu
|hh |x, AuPPU PhkQ J "_' Esh
Ax, Au . |hu } i Dk Pmik'
G \x CPP & Da G GsnzuU PkUP,
Au "_' CPPa \sii & \uuQk
Guu |vPa zx |hP sox.
J CUQ. AUS J z CUQ. G uzv
A uUS uP CUQ. Cx GUS uQx.
Cu A ui uUS Ah[Q CUQ. Cx u
G EP GkzxU PQx. CiUSx o, u
US uUQu Ah, ""} zu B'' G
\ G AUuUS? Ax \z G x
hkzx Cu zv v izxmh Ax A
h, ""} Au mk A A[P P soU Psi''
G Ax UuPzu uQx?
J zu mk EhUP [UP (PP)
v UQx. B\ Dau Gu
Csk [S PuP J xv Hha \ux A Ci
[QP |hzvU PmiUQ. |u PP v |vPa
P GUS uuxu. i Csk |uPPzu
CUS. Au |vPa zvUQ, snzx J
{US \zh[ThU P hx. GvUQUTh A
Gvzxa \sh hU Thx G uzu Ax B\ A~zxU
PmkiP zx, A A uzzu zv sqiP
Bbzu.
Cu Pzv CUQ iP J Av\P J
uzzv, ""Cx v J uz zv \z [P
598
G[P UP ix'' G \i P, ""CxvU

Pu P uzv G[P UP ix'' G
\i Ezu P PshuP "u ' |USU
QhzvUQx. PuUSU Pu G \uuPU
QhzvUQx. Qmhzumh Ci \uP Ca \
i Ax u |u.
u J G, \zP
CUPmh Pzv Uv Ena]US u Pkzx
uzP
CUS
aP[P
CUQ;
P
uu aP[P CUQ. Uv Ea]
\nPv so P A \ G Bzn somkU
Qhua \ " :' aP, "{' G zu
zu zuzv u Azuzv { Cu
]h sq aP C Cia ]x \z [Pa
\ Au Pzvu Q. B UvU PuP CUS
Ezu Pzv \Uu \z ~qUP Gx C. uiz ui
zu, ""Puu g\z'' G aPzv A PaPU
Pah
g\
zv
UQ
G
\u J Csk APh. AuPUS
x G uuU Pzx J Chzv Qx. i Ax J
"m'u, "im'u G \iP CUQx.
"u'zu zu hmi Cx \vzu hU
PzvSzu Cu uzzv Uz G PmkQx.
GvP ] P aP[P \z [Pa
\uP U sou GUP Cu UvU
Pu G zxU Pxu aU uQx. C G
mka \ & Ai GUSz u Thu? B
umhu (Au) mka \ & "P uzzv
Azu HkP |vPa zxUPsk, aP
A nP B\ soUPThu? \z
Gu uP z, z[Pa \ CUP ! A Au
uzzv Psk ?'' GThz uQx. Au AUSU
Pu n[P [P BPzx Uv DkkzxuP
Pzv B\ US Ex {Qx.
BP UvU PuP E Px Cu uz. Auu
b a J A EP v CxPsk
J P uzzu squ, Ax |PzxUS
Sx Au Pzuz uh Au B\ Pu
uiP zv sn Q Gu uxPsk,
AuPPz u Au [P, [P, |h ] aP[P
\nP
599
Pzv sozxmh uQx ! uzzv

J "P' z, "h' ui !
C \q P UvU Pu G |
\ Au aP[PUS z \Uv Esk. "u '
aP[P J zP zu J u
Esk. Pzv AS nP Q aP[Pu !
B\ UPu, AUS Sx A Psku
UPu, Ax \z , G Cmh[Th
zP CUQx. h umhu u[P GQ
B\ US mhu zu. |PzxU Qn G
Au vzxzu s wzuUP sk. P[P P
s wzuUQu? a|uUS APQx
mk, |US | sqUSx, US
x, "'PU PU SmkQx[Th Ax s
wzuPzu CUQx? Ai, B\ GkzxUPsh "Um
mh' z Pz u, AS n, PuP CUQ
x[Th Ah US z \Uv vuP CUQx. Ah
UQ u P Ai Av \P "u
' "s [P' Ci CUQ.
UP z \zP Cu J Bv uzzv "'
Pzu A i so u BUQu
Au aP[PUS Ci z \P CUQx. AUP
P ux, "QP G uz n \x {zv
uS | EP sn |US CuU Ph zvUQx'
G {zx, s [P uz i.
Au Ax P {zvUS zP CUQx. P {zv
zv C A|P u P uuP
u CUQx.
""Ezuz xvP ''

Pu uP G zv A|P P PP
uz i BvzvUQP. xUP, P, Ana,
|a, C [P AUS Esk. u P
mk Cx \Q.
a, P, Pa, z u G P
\k z uz vz (z G mk
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u u\v, u Ahzu G Au u z
AvuuUS |P Cu UQ.
600
A uzv P P ah:
x so "Bz\v', P so "g\ \v', B\h
"u ' G . P Uzv \kzv u
x sox, A B\ sox, Ph] Phx.
US |kP, |k|P G \iP "u '
CUQx.
Au uz PzuUP (]zx) "|'P; |US
uP ! |h h AwaP CUPhmh Ph
US \ usk. xu (P BQ)
PPhzvP Pzu soU Pkzu. Au Pu
CUS A[P AUS |hUQx. B\US Ph,
A[P PPi hzvh E u GUS uux. P
Pu
P
A~Uzvu;
A
"g\\v'
uzvzvx Azu.
"B z\v'u P ux. z&\u G
C. 'B z\v' C aP[P Cu Ai .
"B' G A \u (mh) Ax snmiUQx. Auk
Ax uzx "B' G A.
Cia \ A BU Ph, vhU Ph G
Azu soU PU Thx ! B G E v G
Azu, Ai J US . UPP
so uu "B ' G BUQx. AP Euv
Euu B. u UQ B' u Au
C |Pz u vPi Pkzx I G
\UQx. B&I; B&I.
I' G Gu , Gu v EuPP
CPU Tkxsku? Cu, xP nP
P PP, B\ zv, Sn^[P P
E ui Cuu & (]zx) Au | Cuu & APU
SP I G \uP B. Ax[Th Ax v u
J GuU PUPsk. J u |
vP; Pa \ | n[P. |S n[Px
Esh UPnUP vP, I, I[P, z BQ
n[P J n nzv Esh. |mkUPmh
\mi, u[Pa \mi, a \mi, B aP G A|P
vP J a nzv CUQ. Ru u \v[P
"\xs' G | n Hmha \US Gu Chzv
Av u n, Ax usk Ax u n[P J
(Aux B ) G, |x n (zh )
G \UP.
\nP
601
B G A . B G B\ uUS
. x so C aP uz B mh Cuk
B G AU SzuuP Cx. Au Ch "B
z\v' G AuS UQx. AuP C "u u
z' Gx. u G xvu. u
xvPUS z x "u u z'.
mhP G APa \x UP. u mhP G
BS. mhP G UPz uUP. AuS s mhP,
mh, mh G \ x. Pzv Cuz u
u\zv h PPUSa \mh "Ghm'P "mhP
' G \[P SzvUQx. Cvx mhu h
BQUQu uQx.
A mhP. Au J u Azuzv Ah ua]u
EPPUS "mhP' G mh PkzvUQx.
J z Da. A "] mhP' G
\UQx. C P Pu. E P
A~Uzu U zv, Pu \Uv . A uz G
Gkzuh G iUS "a ushP' "|z'
so. A "a[P mhP' G \UQx. J mhP
~P PP Cu... P, S G Csk, P
\P Cx S. u P; ~ S. S mhP G Jzu
"g\u' G A \x Ix uzv[P CUQ.
Pu mhPUP SmhP G P CUP
G J Ask... u, ~ Cshk \UP
G UPzuz uPa \x UP. uP G |u
P u v uPP CUQP. ~ v
x Pzv A|P P CvUQP. ux Gu
v G BP\zv A|vP zv
US z[P | PmPUTi \u zv izxU
PkUQ A G u vQ kQ. un u
vP P[P uPUSa \x, PUSa \x, ~PP
zUPUSa \x G Ci UPP \UQx.
mhPP Da u, Pu ~ Gu
uu zuUS? Aimh x mhP
UPzua \u xu. PUS AP
uzu nP Ahu A. Ah P
zuu? Au A Uu mhP G \x
] mhP, a[P mhP, Uu mhP Gi .
Uu mhP xu u u A xvzu
P. A "z\v' iuk "\Uv | uz' G
602
A J Ezu xv \vUQ. CUS

Au U PP USP Esh. A UQ AP
Bzvx "z\v' A~zx iPUSz u.
J a _ AkUPkUPP |zx Pn[P
TP cone shape G Au \U G zzv, "Bn'[P
G _UP ( uzua _ g\ P, u P
G Cx \Uzv E _UP) A|P uuP
`vUP, Au Ea]P E x uzv
Pah Pzv GuUQ Pa
a Au G UPn[P Bn uuP
Pa \ x uzvzvUQ. Cu EzQh
Quzu n so | A~U EshS; SP |
US, Pz \Uv EshS.
AP sqQ A~U A ozx ozx
xvUQ Buzuz u Eu US \u. Cu USzu
J Uu A~zu PUS uzx, AP Au
Qx Pia \Qx? Axu U \Uv Au \.
J FUS Cimh A USa \Uv A A~U
so. Pg^zv P P Cu AUS (C)
G u. "P' G \Q. "P' G F
G Azu. Au FUS A A~U Qhzuxu uu,
z&\v C, g\&\vP I aP[P uxmh !
x sox "Bz \v'G Pso"g\\v
uuP "B \uP' G aP[P CUQ. Cx, B
zuzv (mh)u Aux. AkzuuP Ah viP
AP mk aP[P \Q "uu \uP', uP
Ah u Pz xvUS "xv \uP', AuP
A Ph szu zv "Ph \uP' G
aP[P, Ph] Ah uzu "uu \uP'
G & Ci "g\ \v' P soUQ.
"B z\v' "P g\\v' J | \zP AP
zu GvUPmkQv A UPsqUS uia
\Q. PsqUS US GmhuU Qmhzv PmiU
PkUQ.
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u "u ' U PmP sh.
P Hmh |P CuS v v C n
u E US ux, ux G
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603
\i, Gzu u \ Pmh AUPu AS

uuP, umhu xuP Cx "u '. P
g\\v x CUQu, Auh Cv P
\vUQx ! uzxUS (xzuUS) "g\\v', PzxUS
"u ' G Tha\xsk. Au Cv "u'
Sa\ G Azu. B G uP G
\ix.
B\ uz[PUS P Gx " Pu' Cx
Ai. Pg\ Ph zuP CUPzu \.
~mP A|P [P oUSx precise- BP (Au mk
SPa _mkuP) E zu hsk Gu Ph
zuP Pg\ miUQ. uu Ph G,
US xPzuUS. xmh "Cu zuzu C[P
h i' G Pu |zuU Pshk. BzPzxUS
Aa_i u[P, uz[P " Pu'zv GuPa \U
Psk Qx n, E, A[P[P AP
C mh, zu so. C[P A
szua \ ux Pu v Gi h
\ i Aia \x "h' . mh .
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mh "u ' soUQ. A AP a
\UPsk BukuS H uzv "]Po' \u
]PUQU PsiUQ.
|zvshx aPzvx Bzx i soUQ
n, A | | u\ Pkzu Gu v
BuUS Au v BukiP zuP,
nP, [P x A~UzvUQ.
J ] An zvk J ua ]zu
sqQx Av Gi Au u x SiPsk kQu,
Ai Eu { A~zx A~zx, Au A~ US A
Pkzux G An zvk B\ Cu sou
uzv uzvUPkQ A P CUQx.
Psh Pmkx P Pzx, Au [P
Jh UQa \zx P, Q uUQx, A[P
uPz ukzx, u[P UQPz ukzx J aPzu
so, aPzxUS aP ukzv uzvP
so PbP, PP B\ C[P u\ uQ. &
G \Q? PsqUS AP Pz
uQx G, PxUS AP \ \u zv
604
CUQx. US \ v US Au Azu. x
u Qu x QhUQ ~u USz u.
J z & ix; P A
hx !
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un ~U PPUS P PPP CuS
z Esk. B\, bu, |, u]
v vPh Puk A \vUQx. J
PUS Da ysimh C Pu u Au "AmP'
G \Q. Cu Chzv, "PuU P uh zv, P
\Uv, A BQxPU Psk sn; AUS Da
so A uh u zv, Uv, A~[PUS AwuPU
Pu so mh G Azu. Ph Pu C
Azuzv & C Azuzv G \q & AmPP
CUQx. Gi AuU Pu Au iUQPUSU Pu
zuU Pkuk A [Q A~U sqQx ! xP
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Ph AmPP iUQ US Am\Uv FmkuP
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iu C D\ A "inspired' BP i AmPu ""G(x) E
u(x) EP'' G uzv P \Q''. B\
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Au QUP i ! zUTh | J zvu
UP iQx?
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soP u\ zvzv A P. B Au
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605
u\ \auP C ! B\ u\ PzxUS zvsk

[Pu Qhzux. u u\ Av vu.
u[Ph \ u A Q [P mkhU
Thx G Pnu AP P u[Ph
A vmi, AhUQ, Ahzx UPUQ, uzv[P
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uPUS \auP A~U soU PsiUQ;
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uQ.
u P B\ A Q.
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zv u\ sqxQkQx ! Bi Cu xvP
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uxkQ GQx ! Ph] A , A ? Ju ! BP,
g\ vP \zv B\ G Cu u\ PzxUS
zvsk u Qhzuu, A~U zu \u (J)
UQ A GkzxUPsk u G \zv A
u\ EP E AuiU QhuP BQUQx !
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UvkTh Gu uzzua \, H, EU Pmi[Th
Ph A Qhzxk. B Aimh Uv Eshxu
PhUQx ! Cu Chzvu A~U \Uv Am PuP
|US \Q. G, AuU PuP
A iUQUS Uv zu FmikQ ! A
u, A EQ EQa \UQ zuP |
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FmikQx. AmP C v_. C[P P GuU Pu
G Azuzv \Q.
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C Gu U P. Ax Gi sk
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ux, Ax |US Uv Ax EshUQ A ux
606
G C, uh \u \zu, \QUS
A z uxkuP J v_ Esk. |h Uv
zuuP C AuU PuP \u[PUP v \Uv CUS.
|US \P Uv CUPsk G; AuU PuUS Azu
, EUP, P \P CUPq. B[Th
Au zuP JUP E ] AU PmiizxU
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x G Cu UQ.
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Qhx ! AiukTh, |hzx, G, v
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n aP[P[Th Ja ] v \Uv Uzxz
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Uv xv, Pu GQ v izx . B
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ux...
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B\ soUS G xvP | \ Csk
Azuzv AmPPS. A P "u ' u
P "Bu ' u, C "Bu ' uzP
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607
soUQ. C "u [P', "z u

uz', (zu) \xm\ uz', (zu)
u u u' u uz[P, "AnhP',
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u z zvP uz soUQ. B\h
]u uz' v |h Au[P Ah
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uuP UPnUQ B\ uz[P
sou, AuP "h'P u zu
P Pshi vUQx. B\ Ahzuzv
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UPU Psh A|Pz xvP AzuUS |P) G
Cuzu Ah U xv Pa \UQx. Gu
uz Av L C. Cu
PUS UPP A Gv Uu[P z
, uuzv A JPa \u "Pn Uu[P'
Gv "P `ho' `hoP CUQ v A \u Uv
xvP P Eu Ch "u 'UP CUQx.
A A~, US, i, s, UP { BQ
zx "u ' v E\u PUS H
Ezu[P u. Gzu US Gzu uUQx;
C u. Cuk ixmhx G \ i xx
shadeP (\P) uU PshUS & ushzush F
xPshUQ v ! Cx | GUSz uQ Azuzua
\u Cuk ixmhx G \ ix. C B
BzusiU Psh, QUPsh QPUS C
G zv[P, zxUP QhUS? A Q E[P
x, Jzu, , AiU Pskx Pkzu Ax
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CUQ _k Ti PuP AP USi
U soUPx J. aP[P z \z uz[P
x, uP (_UPP)a \u zx
U sqx C. "u ' Pu |, z
608
Csk Cuu AuS HPmh U[P

HmiUQ. zu U[P QhzvUQ.
CUS u sox AvP Uv UQx. Cx
z uz GQ u u vUQ A|P
[P UP "u |'zxUS P so
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J zv QhzvUQx. z \zzv | ua] Au
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[P US "jP' G UP \uP BuQ
G J CUQ. "\[P [P G B\ \zv[Pa
\uP J BuQ CUQ. "u
PP Au Psh J CuP Cx
uvUQx...
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JUS . Av G iUP, aP[PUS uP
souk A q xvUQ G Pmi
qP Azu soUQx ! u Qn
Pu G Cnzx \P z CUQuP
Ci | xvUS q U CUQx ! xu
v G Azu \vzv P CUPmh ""] |
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C[P ug\ v , shP
Kh Cimm, h Gi u\ u
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uQx. PUPP u[P Fu Au B\ so G
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_i Gv uS CuU PmhP zx
zvUQx ! va] UPmh zua P Pu
Su {v {z \zuk CUQx. "mk
S' G Au Az u \P. "zua Gx
"u' & "u B' & G APz u CUQx.
A[P uP Cx mkS. Cu A {v
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609
\UPx (\U ix) B\u UPzv

Pazv (vUP) AQshaUS \U uh[P
vh \uv, C[P {v Ci {n soU
Pkzu G \QP. Cu {v "u '
"Bu' Sv u 41 aP[P SPzxUS
P mi zvUQx. B\ Ezu Aia \uuPa
\QP. "u ' P\vu n
Bzv (a. 43) B\ ]S {S... ' &
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G A P\zua ]zvu Cu {vUS B\
u \x zuP uQx.
Pzv w ah uzv (P)
Pzv
"u
'
zvuP,
uzu Gv u Cu zx zu
G J |UP CUQx. "] | uz' \u Pu
uu Pa _a_ u U Pmi
GvuP C Pu CUQx.
Ci Pu Cx Cu uzvzv ]U PmkQx.
Cv Pu CUPUTk G {UQ |PTh
Ba\kiP C uzu Esa \Q. Cu
\ PzxUP usi AUP US
"u 'U PskkQx ! AUP
hmi LhL i G CUQu?
A[P LhL BL Bm G PUThzv A|P
Hmka _iPa \Pzx zvUQP. C "u
' J CUQx ! Cv \ G
J aPzxUS Auh PzxUS Hi A J
]zv UPzv GvUQu. J Hmi
aP, ]zv u zu 36 Hh G CUQu. (u
sk umhu) "Ch' "Chm' EP A[P
CUQP. Art treasure (P UQ) G \ { n
Pkzx CxP [Q zvUQP. Av aP[P Psh
J Hmh mi Uu L C[P
m iu PUS A, Cua ]zv[P aP
uz[P Giz uUP miUQ G UP Pmk
Au. | i US x Au
aP&]zv Hmh zu. Av J aPzxUS UPzv
J ]zv Cux. Av nP C }u,
} u BP\, u u[P' G uzPa \UQ
610
"|z' G (35&x) aP J; CuSUTh "U'PP

(EP) ]zv miux. Cu Hmka _ih C v
h zv CUQx. J P Gi AUPUS a
\vUQx !
u|mi |u Gx zuvUQx.
Pu zv Au | v P siu G
u zvUQ. ux "u 'US
HmiUQx. Cu vP Pi \x PPP kx
FUS F xQx.
GUS P, |US \ AUS CUPmh
[P "u ' \Q u a zuP
A Cx | hzxU P Pg] PPhzvu. A[P
CUPmh Pu a. Au BzvS B\ u
{ Esk. A[Pu |k [Q u PPi hzu i
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b h uzx Bn so. u Uv
A[Pu Ahu. [Pui, ~Uv
A[P B\ zv {v PsiUQ. Pg] P
P AUS Uz AvP. Ah v zP
\P _U g\x Bzx zx |mP PshkQP.
Ax v v B\ Ez Uzu k so,
Pz shzxUS AUS | h mk Azv, Cu
"u ' aP[Pzu v zx u n
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uP US xu A A G kQ. Gu
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611
zuh z Ciz uP {UQu v

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|US w v. Pg\[Th h sh. mPh
sh. zxUS mPzxUS PnP Cu u
A Aimk Qx ! Gzu u Su ""A''
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PzxUS mPh si, A uP
Ax |]zxkQx.
u U Phu n A G[P Pnix.
Gi Cu, u A vUPmh[Th,
uPmh Au mkzu n Aa \zvU
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Qhx''.
G
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Au
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Su A AvPP Cx. A UP
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zz CUPzu \Qx. Czu AUPUS, Au
AUPh zzxUS vPzxUS Au zu ?
Au, | UPmh uzuzv z z uz
612
{u. "u ]u u uzx ! G oUP\P

\x Cuzu. "A A, J o' G \Q.
A P "A }, A } GQ. z z zu
A~zxzu Ci \UQP.
| \zv A Gzu Au Ahu,
|hhu h \ u Auk Au u
kQx ! A Q. Czu
AUPUS E A z Gx \auPz
uhx Q. Cuu "uhx u'', GQP.
(A) Ax Q EhUS mk AP C Au EUS
AP Cx, Czv zv UQ Pn Psh u
z ! J Ix , zx USU Pg\ P mk uP
C a]x , ][P ~Px uP
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z. JUS si BvP, U xUP
Pzv so x Au Au. SuUPPz uh
EshQx; USu u Pi P
Ahx AuS B Qx G, Cu Hmh J
u uP \x Psh? uP J \Uv Cx
Psku Ci Hkzv zvUQx.
z |h Eh mk E UQ A.
A zx Bz~zuz uQ A. US uQ v
b Pkzx, A G u JPa
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mk, Cu zxUS Hmh u uP
hsk GQ {zumi uP Guu
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| u, J v J v & Cx Psiu
CUP J Esk G mk Cx zvUSz uQx.
& u; zvx u G SuP.
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613
Su G AuS A zuP sk. A nzu

Gkzx zxmk Eu ux ! Su nzuz uhx.
A PsqUS x Fmiu v. n
sh; A PsqUS Cxmh x ! Ex,
""Psn !'' G A S PkzuTh ux. A
zuP sk ! A yUQ zxU Psk ! A Pzu
zuu Ax "PU' "PU' G ]US. | SuPu,
\UvUS? Au AP, uzP J \zvu | UQx
G uu umh GQx: P, P UQ
G US iP Ax uu {Qx.
z PnzvP UP sk AuS
A zuh . SuUSz u, PUS _
Gu zv Gu Pzv G oPUS uP CUS
uu uuzv {u A Cxmh UP
{x n Bu EshQk. AP EUP Bzu
Cimh {u A CP |hx P
Bzxk.
Ah v Chhu uP |hx P
Bzxmh Ax P u \, u {P s
wzuS. AUP FP CUQx Axu.
"u uP !' G Cx | zu mk
[Qx, Gx { A~x, Czu US {P J
AP & "|u Pz HP u:' G Pu ("] ushP'zv)
\x J AP & z Cu Enxu.
G xUP | Eh UPPz uQ Ax
CzuUS xP CUS u Enxu zvS.
""u so CUQ''
Cuu uPzvx v zv uP
z Ezx vUQP. Uu. xP Uu,
Ex, Avv x. z Uu, u Uu u
u v[P Cimhu. 108 E{zxUP A P
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APz,
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A
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614
u v\Pz vP, v u[P ]

q Q u A \zxa
\zuu \UQx. AnQ|u "vP', "vS'P
Ch[P A {a \UQ. IvnP GQ
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APP, Ai PQ v Qx. u|mkU PP
A \{v, _U G u \ UQ.
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u uzu x AQsha, |Q x
iUQ. [P P v zu x
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Auv zuhvUQx. v \Uv \Uv G {
iUQ. Pzv AvP miu Th
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Ci | US P Jmi u ,
A A~Uzu, Ah A\ B\ sox
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iu AuS z uvUQx.
C ""''PUS u Pn:
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uP Cx u '' G . "' G
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Gxu C[P zu. u G AS
US. AP J P izxU Psk Qx G
Azu.
PzvUQ Czu ASP G[P uu Au z
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P g\\vTh , P E Ix P[PUS \uP, \uP G
CuPa \? "g\ \uP' Psh US "g\
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sh \uP', "S\ \uP' G E.
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615
B B\ , aP PshuP DaU Szx

J, AU Szx JP Csk uz[P \x v
Cv JUS "\uP' G UP. CskUS Csk "'
P zvUQ. Au zu, P
zuP, uP Auu, A so Csk \uP[P "'
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P sh P B\hx Cu Csk
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Au "' Gxu zu.
P P Cu | Av uUQ. "\uP' G
zxmh x aPzuk P Pmia_ G Azu.
| P UPh Chmh
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B\ izvUQ x aPzuk | 'hU'P
{zvh, Ax n sov |US Esh
A~zv C Ah zu zx
zx zxU Psh P. Ci, Uu
G J Pi Pmi {zvh, ""Cu uz A~zv A
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zP Gu Au hmi. zP G \mi. zu
US \mi zP. B Au uzzu J
AuS A|P \n[P \x Au J Rzuzu kx,
616
J aPzu izuh ""Pu, Pu,

Pu hu !' G vx UPu " Pu'
\u AuS AhQ Au uzzuP [P \
BzxmhP. Csk xvPu E zu
ux. B\ UQ E aPzv u ""]|u
'', ""u '' G zuPu A
uzvzxUS hmi BQUQx !
Cu zuP A Gu uzv \Q G UP.
u "]|u ' UP. "u '
aP[PTh ux ""]:\Uz Uu'' G ] u
BUQx. EUS, ] P v iU
Pmv AUS u G (66&x aPzv)
Qx. Au ""]|u '' u xu AUP
vUS !
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'' G Azu. P u, P '' G ,
uPzv h, w Pn, P u\, |h
ush, Aii uh {x. QuP (hP) ux u P
so a, Au Sn[P, P, A,
\Uv A~u ] G zv A~UQ Bu
zuz uQx.
Au ] AzuP EUS A~zxU Px
AUS "]' G . (slU) E{zv \UQi
, P, yUP Cz usi, Bz HPu GQ A
AzuUPP, g\[P UQ x \u { AzuP
] A~UQx A "]' BQ. Ci CPmh,
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P USu ""]|u 'US Au
xQx.
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Azu. Aizu) Da Gx \UQx. Au u
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uzu QzvUQ. ""w a&\u u ]|u'' G
Cu Csh aP iQx.
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617
Cv G \Q? a u Uv HkQ
Bu Gu Ezv uzvx [Q x, u Kk
G \x Gu [P uzv iQx. Gua
\Q. ah \u[Px Cu Bu zuP &
|vP & EzvQu. J B Q y], R]P
AhUQUPsk x Cu ]u B GQ y]
AhUQU Psk KkQu. y] AhUSQuk, [PUP u
{zvP, SiUP, SUP, a\P UP
Bu EuQx? Axv Cu (]u) |v zu
USuk uzu & ush, h uzu A;
uzu & UQUPsk Ki Qx. A, Pk PhP
mkUPsk [P AQ zv Azu P
""hh''P soUPsk E ]zx, ""Ai G ]zu
GQ k x [PzxkQx'' GQ.
B G J Chzv [PUPzu sk? A|PP |vP
zzvu PUS G, ]x (] BP) Hux J H
a \x kx Esk. Th Cia ]P
PP x iQ. J |v zzv xmh Ax
\zxUP, SiuP . B H iu
Gx PzxUS Qx. B\USU Qhzu ]u
aP P G PzxUS Qu,
C? Cu Ci AmhPa \ AUS
Gu [QPa \Q v, ""G ]zu H x ]u
u[Qmhx'' GQ. ""z&\u&u'' G ""G ]zu
H'' G Azu. ] \zvzu Esh |v u Uu
]zuzv [Pzxz u[Q \u BzuQx.
""u '' G (phrase-I (\h) Ah P\v
un x aPzv, Aux ux |zx
|x aPzv QzvUQ. |zx UPn
Pshx \U G xPa \, Au |k
x Pn G Azv zu |zx| Pn G
Skx Esk. "u ' ""\xa&\z\z u
Pa'' GuP 44 PnPzu (vx aPzv)
\UQx. \U Gx A u mk;
Ah . v . Cu z&z&uz \[P
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Ah v zz SUQ 44 G Gsqh aPzv
A u zuU Smk ""u '' GQ
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618
""] u C '' G AzuzuU PkUQ

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A[P ha \UQx. B Cu \uPzv A
u "Ah' G Ah h,
"AS ' G Azuzuz uu "u ' G
U PkzvUQ. "AhP' "A g\z' "u [P',
"u \xi E\ uz' G uh
uz[PUS hmi Pkzux C[P "A u '
G "u u ' G PkUP. H G
"u' G A u? P G \ uu?
P G \ sk? Czu vzvUQ P
mhxu Gu ux PQP ! Ga\, Bg,
B G Gux u , Bg , B
G Ah Pkzxa \q. AuP , Ax
Au C \UP \zxzuPq. Ci
uuP uzua \ sk AP
ShsiUS. Ax[Th Au uzxUS a
\UPx AS Au.
\u G \ uu? A]a \u G \ sk
G? Px \u, G \u, u[P \u Gu Ah
mka \sk. PzvUQ ASP Gx
APP sqQu, Czu ASPUS i Gx
Ax Ah uu A u. Au
"Ah' u Ah \zxa \
siv.
""Azx UP P u''
C uQx. Aa \ |h
uuPUS, Av A UuPUS mku "|h
uuP' G Av J Chm EshS. u UuPUS
uuPUS |vPPUS Av Dkk EshPx. B
AS G & AS , u G hmi
mh & Av uuu (u) UuP, uuzP,
|vPP Eh u [PUS J Pa] Hk. AS Gx
P [P Azu Px. P CPU Pm]
APUQu AUPUPP C[QPP QP.
mi AP uS | u\zx UP QP.
CPu C. ~ so AP ], ][P
UP Pzx [P zv \QP. BP A,
zP u E\u E sPhUTh uu ASu
\nP
619
^PnuP CUQx ! GvvPa \sh mkU

PsiP AQ J v PmkkQP.
"u, u, BvP, |vP G u Gx vUP
GUS BPnuP AQ uPzxUS hmi
k. Ax G Au iUP BP. Bzu
A, u J z zu | Pu zik
uPzv ozvu Av DkmkkP. \UP
] zv v E BzzvUP u zx
u nP uPzu so ASUPP iUP
uP u[P A Uv DkmkkP. A
a \ uP[Th AS GuPP x
uz&zP (Au P) Au Ah DkmkkP !
"Pu' G zx iUP uP "uz' G Uvh
n sn BzxkP ! A UuP G E ]
UQUPP mk P [P Ah CUP
sk AuS u A Jzx AS mk
Pmku | ' G B\ Ciz u mh
G?
u G A uxu. Gi,
u G Ax Au. zu & C }mi,
zu & G AUS UPz uq
\ P {Q uu. ], u],
] G \ ]u GQ
v ! "u'U Szux "u' A A|P u[P
Cu uQ z uU Szxzu "u ' &
z z&uz, z (\U) BQ Avuu Au
uQ zuu.
v, xUP, P, , |a G AUS
u[P E A? ]x P, ]x EUP, ]x
Csk[Px? Ci "u\ z' G zx a \Qx. Av
a z uUS E z \vzu "u
z' G \UQx. Ah Azu zvP
zvP, Ea] AS hzu Au. Auu
u G .
( Qn)Th, "| Gzu uu [P
u]zvUQ. B zu v J AS G[P
zuv' G \uP A uP[P CUQx.
620
""|[P SP ''
iUPP, Ba\P J: hmi zu
|Pa \u Cu x, uzzv hUi uhx
vUQx ! aPzv J ChzvTh zu G
u GTh ! Cu uzxUP C ] P
Esk. ]h A|P u[P J |hUP v,
]u|u, ]z\, ush G P CUQ v
zuUS u, a, P, Pa G
P Esk. Au P Gx "u ' J
ChzvTh !
Akzu "]|u ' GkzxU Psh DaUP G
CUPmh ], ], u], \, \[P, _v, u, Q\,
u |UP Gxx J J aPzv vUS.
Ai J CmhTh DkPmkQ v C Csk,
|UP xk. v x \. "\', "\' G
Tmk A|P aP[P soUQ. Akzui v x _v,
] u |UP, ]UP zPP C Gu
uzxUS va \ , u u[P
Pg\[ Pg\ Q.
B zP "u ' u zUS Av
uuP CUPmh zP |UP Gx !
A u[PUS CUPmh |UP
Pg\P Q. CuS v x Qu,
Qu G P. ], , E, v, v, \si u
P J Csk Ch[P Qx. Ah, Aux
ah AP CUPmh \Uvh zP
G \ i Gu z uzvS \Q , u, A,
u G P KUS Q Au
Pg\u. zP , x Gx C u
aP[P CUQ.
| AvP xmh Pu zu AizxUPsk
k, Cu uz Pu uP CUPq
A [Px, |UPUS Ch PkUP
B\ h so G?
"]: \Uz' G ( aP[P ux) BUQx
A uz | "\Uv' Gx xkQx. \,
n v A uzxUS "\Uu' G . "\Uvhx'
G AuS Azu. zv \UvUSzu, Aux "'US,
\nP
621
"G'USzu A, A G \Qu \Uv

Gxu Ah u |. Au B aPzv
xkQx. A .
J zUS [P u EP
UQUQ. u J uuPUS snP
CUQ. A vUS z. AuS A SuPUSz u.
| uzzv Pg\P |UP u Cu
mkh. A z a zP, |
Azu US u Av \x A
\. u Gu xv, Gu u,
Cu Csh {a \US. B u u,
Au A|P xP JP, Cu Cshh A zPa
\ |UP AvP Qx !
u z Gu Qu, Qu, \u,
uouP, v G P Q. u u
\zxUP A UPi G Azuzv "|Pv uP', 'x|Q
\ zi' G[Th P Q. P ,
uzv Au US u, u SuP u
Av\zu {zx, AU SuUQ A~UQ zv
(B\) Cu P AvP \ UQx.
uzu [P kv | SuP u
uP, Ax uuP CuS "Az' G .
bu Ai iu. C Pi uzuU
SuUQ | uP, uuPU Pg_uS z G
. Ai { iUQ. zu
Su C. uP so Pzv bU
]uU uQu Pn Ahu vP Auzu
zu. u Su A. Au uzzv "hUi'
A zP, uP, \UvP Gu ozvUQx.
Cu z mkP hu A a \Q
Ch[Px, CuS { z G \q Ci
P mh. UQx ! B\ sox Au Pu G
{UQ Ezu[P (Sv) u aPzv P\v u
n BUQu ""Qu !'' ("" P !'') G
SuPzu TkQ. Akzuv "]S {S u ]'' G ]
zPa \UQ uzzu iUSx Ph] aPzv
uP ""' G Tmk ""Ehu UP Cu xv
EUP An & zw & U & u |{ \ xv'' GQ.
z Bzx zPU Pskz uP izvUQ.
622
uPa \x "A', "u' G Hu J, Csk

Chzv \u ""'', G {a \UQ.
P zux Ahu, P [P A SuP Gx
vx {uPP ""' uP soUP.
zu (u v) Bu Ph] aPU Ph]
Da A \zxa \Qx |P&|} G
\UQx. u&u Guh P&US \ CUQx.
G, u, u GQ zuPUS "m' P
CUQx. Au Azu[P CUQ. "u' G
"uUS AhUQU Psi', "u' G "UQ' P,
G zuPu J "m'i u. "x' G
Azu Pku "' G J "m'i Au Csk zuP
EshUQ.
Cu uzzv Ah P Sa\P
Q \U Psiu. Cx v |UPh Gzu
P
Uv
Pmh
sk
|USz
uuPUQx. Hu Qg\ UQ v |UP
A]h zzuU Pg`sk Pso Pmimk
Uukzv kxu "| zzu Au vx
\PU Pmi UP sk G uUQuP zxU P.
v , S a \P? Au v ! "B Cx
A? Ah w GkzxU P?' G, "A
G Gzu A E GkzxUPsh u Pmk
PUThx. Cu A A mk. \Uv
hzx P[P AhUQQ a CUQ
& |zv " u' Gh Akzu "
d' (o), "a' G Ah AvP
una \ Pu Q? Au u Pmk
Phx' G Pmh AvPP \ G
uQx. Az] u o a \v; "
i' Gu \Qx !
"Bu '
u P "Bu ' G u zu... "]' mk
"Bu ' "]|u' G uzzvSz uU
Pkzu v C, |h Cu uzzv u PzvS
A u Ah Gx C "Bu '
G uU PkzvUQx. CuS \ Pnzu
\. Aux, u G Au. Gu A
\nP
623
a \UP "u ' G zv \ x G

v Bu Au ! u u[PUS
Au GQ Azu u Bu[PUS Au ua
\US. u ua \US ! Buzv \Pz uzv,
usP BQ E{zxUP AkUQU Psh Q. |
u, u, Bzu, (]zx) PLu,
u, QUPmhu, a\u & CxP Ah[S
Czu, azu, |zu G ua \Q.
Ax z uuPPzu a \uPzv
"]u' G zxa \siUQx.
B Bu G \ Ax Ahxu.
A G G? "z'uP CUQ ah "]z', Aux
Axu Azu Bu A~ EshQx. Au ]z\Uvu
A. CUQ z, uzu AQ ]zv Q
{ A~u Bu. Au ]zv Bzv (v
J)u | Q u Bu[P ! CuP i.
{. Aua ]zv Px | bQ Q Azu
Buu. Av {zxmh A. "vP Q
Buzu uh Buzv J xPU Psh &
z|u & & u & z|u & uv:'' & G (u)
|zv \UQx. Au u A Cu
"u ' PzxUS A a \UP
"Bu G \ x G miUQx. "Bu
' G C xv B\ \uuP u P
CUQx. "] Bu ' G v C, Cu Csi
Ah a \. "]z' zv Q
nu G uUQ , "u ' Pzv J
Chzv (8& aPzv) ]u|u G Qx. "]z'ua
\ "Bu' G zv \[Th A x
G Hmkk Gu Au PzxUS "Bu ' G zv
xmhx.
u x Ai {h Qhxu ~
GQP. Axu "z', Ax J v u u { G,
C v u Au {UQx ! zv \ &
CzvPk umiUS u x, ] zv
CuP BuP J "u' AQ { Ax. AQ,
Akx, A G , \x A~
Bu P CUPmh {. C z P
CUPmh {. C z ] Av Ci A
624
]zuP, A~US BuP Cu A. u Cu

Au~UPu J z Cx \zu vu? Ai
Gxu zu zvS \Uv CuP HkQx. Cu
\Uvu uzu HPP Ax Bvx J {. C
{ & Cu \Uv soz u v g\[P,
P G ix, x, x G ! uz u
E Avx, uUS v i so Au
{ \x G Pu.
CuU P[P \uxu zuz ] ] G
zvx, A Au ] A|P \z[P |hzvU
Pmkx, Cu EUS \Uv u &
manifestationu Bi, ]uzvSU PnP ]\z CUQx
G A[P, ]|u ', B\ \Q, Ax ]
]Q, AUSa \z[P Hmhu A Pu ! P
g\ UP A \uuu, ]P, qP,
zvPP, A\kP |P C , a] G Gu zv P
Cx G \Qx Aa \uxu. A sqxu !
Cuzu "u ' u aP \Qx. BP, |
Cx Q "PU ! ]|u \i ] \u Bu
zuP Qu AuSU Pn Au; Au
PmizxU QhUP G P Sx A
\u !
A G u, u ! u P,
Bu P CUQ A "a[P ' (a&16) "Bu '
(a&21) G \UQx.
Pz \x, Cvx \ ux G Csk
P[P (B\P) zxUS EshUQ, Auk A
Tiuzu a Pak uzv |hzxuPa
\x. Au Pa u z Avuu u zu.
DaUS CiU P Esk sou ""a[P '' BQ.
DaUS iz v Hmh vu PPUS P iz
v HmiUQx? BP, A A~Uzu Pu z
Ph Cu a[P SuP Cu uzzv
\, Au Chzvu "a[P ' G miUQ.
"Bu ' G "Bu ' Gu Azu.
}UQP Ssh} Pzvi Ah PU Pqx
u zv vUQP Gx "" Bu ''
GQ.
\nP
625
""AS AuS ''

]u a \zvzvx Esh.
AUP UQ. u zua \ \ux, ]zu k
x {ux G (""]|u') \ v "u
' Cu uP \x (44&) aPzv J
\. Ah Pzv u zxUS J
UP v Ah Qk KkQx G mku
\UQ. APU P zuk n \uS AvPP
UP J \ Phkzu sh; uz, allegory (EP)
J \, APz uxPsk UPz uuP Au
ASUPP zxU Psiux GQ v miUQ.
Ah u | u[P USxu;
| u H { {xu. B Cu[Th AuS
Pa \, Au Au ASUS H PkUP siv; Ax
Azu APP Cu AuS H ! P[P Qh
uzn kQx, u kQx. B Eh Gx
z uQu? A | Au zv Q Q
}a\izxU Psh CUPsk Gu uQx? n,
u \ G PUPP C, P[P | \Q
BuzxUPP, Au UPP, B Q G Gsn[Th
C }iU Psixu Ah u
zv AuPP Q Buhsk G PmkQ.
Da \zvzvx ]|u uuPa \. C[P ""u
u'' G A Pzvx s
SuPa \, P mk P\vu A AS
Pzu CUQ. C aPzv ""zw u''
G A zu ASPa \UQx. Da
P, P[P ]\zvzvx Bu Qx,
A zvx u UPkUQx. Da
\z[P |hzvU Pmix A Gx \ siUP;
A CUSu Ah zvx AS
UQx.
Dah A|P P "]|u ' \x
C[P A sh u u J \zzu \,
Ah zu mk ]zP izxU Pkzx Cx u
G somh ! Cv n v Av Da
A[P A[PP oUP ! J J "hUU'PU
PsiUQ !
626
A[P \P ov u[PUS J U;
z u[PUS U. u[P uzvx
Bzx \ PqUP, [P G ]P oUPq.
"uv P\u', "Bu uP', "|P ]P u' G \x
Cu Uzuzu. z uu Cu U P\zv Bzx
|, Ps G R \ u Psk x iUPsk.
CuSU P\v uu G . u | B Pzv
Ci n Qx. u Cu "Bh'u
UQ.
]|u n G sn. B B\
Da z uP J uv P\u uz soUQ.
Auk A vvhxh. Au "vUS
v'a\, Au A U P\vuu nP
C uz sqx {zu G Ai J
soUQ.
"u ' A Ah Azu \ mk;
\u GuP ""\ z \:'' (a 34) G \UQ.
{U, A ]u \Uv ]x G
USx Ah \z, \ Csk Au !
A \z uzu A
\ uzu zu Bu Si Csk v
soUQ.
A uzu, AP |US [QUPsh
| Buzv kQ. \z, P GQx A |
]UQ v C[P Gx sn siv. u\
so x. u J Ai zxUPsh
{Q. Av {P {xkQ ! xUTh ] u
C,
US
uP,
u\
zvzv
nQkQ!
P uzu iuS z,
|a\n G Csh zvUQx. |& G Cu
Cshzu \UQx. |a \UPsh Cv
] u Gx. sqx Ax. UPsn,
UPsn J [P zv u\ sqx
Phu C . P k CUQ v [P
UPsqUS i PsP. | ] [P,
U[Pzu UPsn u]UP iQx. \Uvk g\
uxP sq zv | UPsou PniQx.
U n vh BQu z u;
\nP
627
nP "Aa\u' G ]zxa \P. Au

PUS zv u\ so Au AQ \UQ,
Ph Pz n Q.
| z G Gzu \u AxTh
P | CUPmh { J zuk \zxa
\u Czv Czx izx {zxQx. " ' G
\ "BhiU'PP, Pu a\P, Pushzu izxU
PsiUQ a\v zv {UQx. Au zuk
\UP | mk \ mk mk Gu un
[PUSz u.
| P sqQ x z aP \ zu
|P US {zvU Pa \UQx.
zu x Guh |a \Qx GQv |
vPz uQx. u J zu {zx
u Gh P BuP CUQx.
Cu Cu Ezv u Q , [P u
G J \ ! E\u G Aua
\kuu Bu. Ax G[P zux, Gi zux, US
G sqQx Gu {UQ?
uuzv Fmh P |US "u '
uz QhzvUQx. Ah zu oUQ Cu
xv AP P CUQx. uzvUPk ,
uzv Pzu uzv G JP CUQx ! Av F F
n \u, n \P Ax BQ, AQ,
GQ u u { GQ zv \xh.
""AS G G''?
Cia \ Pkzva \Q, Av\Uv G
u. ""APP J CUQu zu AuUS
Bux uu. B, ""A AS zu
zu x; {u {Qh. Av F F Azu
uzxUS h' G Aui? u zu
UQ,
n
\v
UQ,
BuPzu
CUQu Cu GQ u xk
G?'' G PmP.
uz uu ~ E PP AQ uzu
uP, uzu A~uPzu uQx. AP CP
n \u USx, Au z AP APshu
A~zuuPz uQx.
628
P ~ Gx G? AP v HkQ Buu.
Cx, {uP Cmh uPPPx uzu
uUS k G A[P \zUPP A|Su,
P|u siu BQP \UQP. AzuzxUSU Qmh
Qmh Q P \zv Aih A|Su Cia
\UQ. (Au \z C ]x \Q.) P
~ ~ Qx G Azu Aih
P|u siu \UQ.
P Gx G? CP \[P, ~ CP
Sn[P APPa \xu? Cu Csk CPP |
{zu zxUPsk, AUS |k P Psk
Q | UP C Ai
zx Bu iP Cxh. B CxP P
|hPvP UQx ~ Bu Q Gu?
CxP A ASkzvU Pmkuu? BP P~
GQx u A~u. Ax u Psk \UQu
| \ B[PPP (A[P \vUPP)
PmiUQP.
UP u\[P Nature Poets G CP AQ Q
DauzzuU PshP CUQP. z|z hT u
A~zu zP GQ Azv GvUQ.
z&]z&Bu GQx zzuk AP ()
b Bu CUQ |x APx Th
zzuk Csha \vUQ uz[PS Gu hT Azu
P PP. Auu AP z&]z&Bu GQ
v z&]&u G \zxa \x. "]' G
C[P "|x'. "u' AS G GUS u. Aux
uzzv A[PP Cx AS G uz. Bi
AP \i, nP A~u ~ Buzuz u
Gx uz.
B Au "\i' G | USz
u. | Ai nP ASUSU Pkzx A~UP
|USz u. AQ Dazzu A~US US |
GUS zvUPUTiv. Hu APUQx G Pg\ |
zx ukuS AvPP Au EP
BUQUP | G i.
|US Gx APPz uQx? Gx |US Buzuz uQu
Auzu AS GQ. | v USiP J
Cu Ax AS G Azu.
\nP
629
C[P J U qualifying clause ({u). Aux | A~US

Bu Pzv HkQ uP C
_zu, \u Czu HkzxuP CUQx u AuSU
Pnux APUQu Azu. U P[P,
B a[P \hP Chzuk zx J
Bu Qu A APQhx. AP
A~UQ { |i Cx U.
C. J AP uQux |US uuuP, xUP
EshUPuuP, PmhuuP Ax Cu zuUQx. J
zuUS a\ \ uUQx. Ax J
A \P | u E\zvx uh PmkQx G
Az u { USxu |US u ~ Bu
EshQx. Qmh, Au zv UP, Ax A PmkQ
ChzxUP , G[P x UQ xk, A
AizxU Psk k Gu EUS AizxU PQx !
! Ax UPz u ! J zu ,
uu \zP G n Szx mh v P
mkUPsk, APP |x |x Qx. B
Czu AP Au x zx zxUPsk {Pz
uQu? J Ax ]zu GkzxU Psh Au
\zv "hU\', Av miUQ "i' BQ ASUSU
S. B |UP, Ax mk Tsi vmk,
zu PUSQx ! E\u A {US J zuu
uP "Bk !'' h iQx; P zx
ozx "m' Gv Buh iQx. | ix. zu
Esk snuuP, Guu BzvS ChuuP J x
CUSxu Au AS |US APPz ux. J u J
n \v Ciu n, Sa], u (),
A, CxP AP UQ. Gzu
APUPmk, Au u _ () CUQ
UPz uQu? Kmh izxkQ !
C, ~ UPzu GkzxUPsh A[P A CUQ
Chzvu |US u u v HkQx. J ,
u APP CUQ. B A |h PPU
PzxQ, Hux "Ui' soU PshUQ
Ah AP zx Buh iQu?
h xP , z P, , o Gi C
oPP E zv, A Gu Au AP o &
~, P, & Pmi EkQ xu AP
nP | UP iuPz uQx. AP CmhTh
630
. uP, kzxuP, Ax \PP Cu

~P AP K UP \Q. B
AP |h AP Cxmh v zx
ukQ.
A vP BP, AP xThU Sx Psh
BUQx. A EP, APh Giu,
vz v zxUPsh CUQ G, Ax Au
AS G BQkQx ! P[P, P J
uUP CuTh, Ah Su A mk h P
mh G izxU PQx. A\ x APP
yUP u APh xPsk x, S Azu
PmiUPQx. Pn G? AUSz uh E A Ax
ux PsiUQx ! AhU GmkU PnP, SP
Cu; A zP uiz ui u\ soP.
C Gzu P, bP, zuP zu zu
PP A\kv, kQ v CUS. B u\,
u\ G AP [P `x PQP; vz v
UQP; zu Ps [P UQP. H? APh
A, Ahu Pn. ""| vz v US
iP Cxu AS'' G definition i CPu AS G
\sk. ""APzv AS Pzv u'' G, CPh
EzvUQ A \zv An[P Hu J AP
A ]kQx G Azu.
zuzv G HkQu, "E P CUQ J
AS Ax AP CUP CUP vQx; A va]
AhvUQ { AP Gkmk Au APPz
uQx' G BQx.
|US J v Bu Hkuu vz v
UQ. Buzu AUPv u ]ux Au. A uQ
BuzxUS P Gx C. Cu v B\k UP
sqQx.
""A AS & AP ''

A Gimh? A AP E Gx A
E ! A APP BQ E. Gu n AuSz
vzvz ux \UP GQv, | G[P[P Guu APU
Psh Au APUS ua \US Au ! \Uv
Ah n AQ xzxu ASP
uzvUQx. Ci | UQ Azu APUS
x Au.
\nP
631
Ah A Eu AS P BQUQx.
A Gx u uz. | UQ Pzv Ak Cx
zv AQ CUQx; A Cx
zv APP CUQx. B A xmh Gu zv
Ax Anzu J u \U PkzxkQx.
Aux A A Gi zv vzxkQx. Ci
zv vUP mk \ A P, A A[PP
Bx u A. A A Ah uUQx.
Ah A AQ P PsiUQx.
AP CUQ uU SuP xP i
GuPPzu \Uvx A G GkzxU
Psix? Ci A Gsnzv GkzxU Pshu Au
u? uS u P
Cuu
[Px,
Pg\[Th
USuPx, G Cu Pzv ] ASP
mkz uh vP Guu A s \zu
GkzxU Psh. Ah Pszv Esh s
Ax. Pszv s Ah \. ~P zv
E A[P n uhuv C E
A APP B Eu AP; SP z
Avuu zuUS A . vPzv
Au AS Guu zu G . AuS
uzzu[P Esk. Ax CUPmk.
AS A Juu zuP PmkQ. "'
GQ Aha \US |x, APx G Csk Azu
CUQx. Sn G | Sn; G AP .
|x, |x G Gx |x? Au P |x "A ]'
GQ. ] G _ G Ju. _ G |.
|xP Eu | Gx? Au? BP _ G A.
"_'zvxu "\' G zu vUQx. "_ \' G
\zxa \x UP. "\' G "AS' "_'zvx "\'
GQx Au AS QuQkQx ! _ {Pa]P
Pn Gu UQPa \Q. "_ zu zP' G
Ch kQ. "Pn' G zuUS E A|P
Azu[P J "|x', Aux "A'; C "AS' !
"]&u' G \x Cizu Hmhx. ]zxUP
ua G CUQx. Ezv A Ezv
uQ Hmh zv !
A Ci A APuu Ah AS
zv Fu A zv PuP BQx ! Ax
632
Ai Ah E { AzuzxUS, BzuzxUS
AzxUPsk kQx ! AUS P AS Cu Ax
uPP Buzuk iQx. A APQmh? \Uv A
Ax Ah \au u zxUS G
EUQx? Cu A | APP A~uu Ax
Qx.
""A ](x) B Au
A ] Avu'' (vv)
Gi, Cu A |P EQU Pu AxP, AP,
AzuQ h. ""{z'' (a. 22), ""z ''
(a. 99) BQ aP[P Cu APsh n {zu
\UQx. BP AS P Gx
Av\Uv C.
z A Gi Gu | Gi kzv
x? a\, ]P, P? Cu
GU Pu AUS u[P \UQx. US
| u, ]US Ix u, sUS B u GQ v
AUS Gzu u G zxUPx? azv, m
zv B u & "" ^'' & G u \Qu Au
vU PnUS mkU PsqUS PQ uzv {UP
i ! Csk P |x vmkU P
zv AUS , Auu P Psh uzv,
\u Gzu P G Pzx x? \h PP
CUQ & APPU Qh zxU PsiUQ; n
uP CUQ & xo PmiUP zuzu ]UPsk
Pk vQ G zPa \ Gi
A zu x?
CiU Pmh &
Gu Au A, UQ. Au APU
Pzx .
"" A G GiUS, u !''
G[Px J | Bz J v GvUP
Au so A[P { A Pzu .
u [QU PQPh, kQ AUS Gzu Bu
EshQx. ! Au zu E ThU Pg\ ESQu?
Ci J , Csk US, B US kQ
Pzv Czu A Bu CUQu Pzv
\nP
633
Ph~Pi PUS & [Pa \Q & Pzv

\mh, x {UQ & | Azu US
PPi PP \ kQ A Bu
GiUS G multiply so (UQ) zxUP ! Axu A,
A ! Ps u s. UQ \ AS J AP.
Pg\ P mk, AP mk. Ax Psni | g]
umk mh |UP UP iUP. x u \ AS
kQx. P, AP, |, |i Gx A
EQUQ Ah \u { AS. Bu |
P A Gzu EzUhP (EP) EUQ UP
iQu Ai ! Axu A G zxUP.
""\uP CUQ zv Azu \Uvu A G
\mk, Au A G mk H \zxa \ sk?
Pzv Ph, z, G CUQu Cu
z \Uvx xu? Au & A & AP mk
Gia \x?''
Ax , B Pzv u, u\, |uP
z (|m), shmi , AiP Uv,
P Pn G [P A CUP C? Cx
G \Uvhx, Ah Ax uxu? Au
Ciz v sq. GP & PP, PUTh & A
Cu EUS Ai so US \v
U[P Hh ! Ci AP zuu E
US uP, P, uP CUQx? Au E
h, EUS HP, m Cu \Uv A G m
sq. B Au A m Cux, Gux G v
sq. PQx P[P P A y P[P
P[Pu. B Ax zQ mi zv "" '' G
Q Ch[P E | sni? {P Ax Q
Ch[PTh Bu Chzv, _ Cu Chzv, u
Cu ChP zxzu | sqQ? G
P[P E Au G[P U A~UP iQu
A[Pu C[SQ? Au v \Uv |x Pmhx G
Sn[P G, EUS UP BvUP sk A
|, A G v sq. P
Cuu A UP z U \Uv G
zvUQP.
z&\Uv G P &oP u uuP
]&A G, q& G kx zuu
634
\zv A UQP ]zv A, ""Ax \UvS

A uUS'' G \UQx. n \v[P
qU Pn sqiPz ysik "P'
G \UQx. "n' GuP
Pn u zu uzxUS PkzvUQP.
\Uv A|P Sn[P Ju A GxTh .
Axu u Sn. Cu AU P mi zu
v a\ GkzxUPmkuPu Sn[PU
PsiUQ. BPu P [P u A P,
AS P CUQ. Cmh [P, zv
Ci P [P P [P "" ! !'' ""Pv !'' G
Uv soU PsiP? Aimh u zv
xmh Pm?
|h P Uuv AUSP, AP, & G [P
& BQ AizxU Psk k u
P AP CUQ. Au AP |US P
U[P AzxkQx. "P' Gvx "U'
vUQx. "P' G ]x. excellence G Azu. G
P[P Gh {vUQu A "P'; s,
"Pv' "U'zu [PPz uuPP U Gx.
G |x. x x . P U GQ
A? "U[P u zv J TiUQ
zv zu A. BP Ah zu
u P U[P & [P & |USU
Qhzxk. ""u|x |: u u| u '' G B\
\Q. ""E Pzvx [Q AS G[PUS
[P EshUPmk, A!'' GQ. [P EshUSx
Gu Ah u U u (|P |P
x) G uQx.
""[P G[PUS EshUPmk'' GQ. ""|:'' G
"G[PUS'. B\ uUS mk zuU PmP. |
GUS PmQ. GUS, u\ sniuPUS,
"GUS ' Gx EshPmk G
u u zvUQ. Pz vzv Cizu
GUS zv |v ysihhsk G zu
Qx.
SUvUP Jzu Cu. ""GUSPa \zxzu
zu CUQx? Au Gx Jzu Pz somh
x ! | H snq?'' G.
\nP
635
Ax . (]zx) Au G Jzu CzuP

CUPmk G Azu {zxmh?
""GUS'' G H \UQu, Pz UP
AvPu CUQP. vP, SuP,
|miP,
nz
wmiP
Pz
squQ. CimhP Ezu]zxzu ""G[Ph
zv'' G Cx. AvPx, Guu uUP iu
uh Cux, ""|:'' GuU Pmi Uv so
UPu, AuS Uv so ""|''
(A~U) G Cxk !...
""G[PUS, Aux u [PUS, E u u
zu Esksnmk'' G Ah B\ siU
Pshua \. PsqUS |P Cu PP
CUQu AS A JUQu uQx.
[PUP u Q CUQx & A
E AS UQx & G {a\Qx.
""AP i xv''
Ah Sn , C. Cu uz AUS
C. Ah Au Pn Sn[P P\v uP
A[P J GkzxU Pshx , Au A
nU P\v u so Cu uzP US &
\ & GkzxU PsiUQx.
J uzzu iUSx "Cu n \u C
QhUS' G \x UP. AuS " av' G . "u
' Ph] aP, [P & \ g\ xP E
Ahu Hu USP Gkzx AUP uz G
so A\mk u Cu uz G Pu\ J
AhUPPa \ n squP CUQx. AuS v
aPu av vUQx. av "v' G H
\Q "Cu n squ C P' G
Av \UP. xhP, "E E C
P AhQ' G \UQx. A G G A
Au aPzvS Qx zxUP ! C[P \ ux,
B\ ""Cu uz n '' G hsi Chzv
""A Eu '' G miuzu. H Ai
mh? Csk Pn \ B\US A \
Cuu u so uzzvS Au Pz uQ \Uv
CuPa \U P Gsn Gx J Pn. C
636
Pn, Cu uz Ah u, Ah \
iu; Bi Cu n squ A
Exu & Gu uz uzUPk u
USx Au n u E z
uzu \? Cuzu Au aPzv S EnzvuP
Azu soU P.
z \Uv u |h Pzu
(U(S) uP Au soxu ""u ''
"uuzv Fmh '' G |k \, Ax
Cuzu. A~U {u AS A. A Au
h B\USU Pkzu US uu. B\ Pu UP
uuzv A AS & P (]zx) Pu AS
& F Qx !
""Bu '' G u;
""Azu \Uu''
"u ' P Ah APa \Qx.
P UP Ah \Uva \Qx. Pu A
"u '; P "Bu '. \Uv "K' G
u aP BUQx. "\Uv ' G u
h "Bu ' G?
Cu Bu "]z' G Ax EshQx. Au ]z&A
G uz u ux Pu Au.
b G Axu b. , uzu ux Px
G? uh E{, Bhu A\u \uz uz
ux Pxu G Azu \v ixk. B \Uu
\v[P & SP z & G \UQu,
C[P Au Bhu, A\u \uz ua \UQx;
Pu, Sn[Pu Au {Sn uzzua \UQx.
AukTh, "Czu P PzxUS Au u
AihUQx? Cv E Sn[PUS Axu
BuUQx?' G zu (\Uu) PUQx.
PPzvS BuP Cx { squx J
\UvU Psku |hUPUTk? \u zxUP Cimh
\Uv CUQx Gu \Uu zv uu soUQx.
Au v & "u ' \Uu uzP B\
AUzvu Au zuu v & USx zv ]zu
uzu A~zu bx Au E {US
\nP
637
Azu \uzv AP Cx zv. AukTh

zu g\ ki Buv u
Gmh \Uv P CUQ Guz ux PsiUS
AP CUQx. zv b~zv Ci \Uv P
CUQ "BUk'UP \Uu Uz uQx. \Uv zu Hmh
u Gi CUS? Au \Uv ]z P Ax \Qx.
JzuUP Csk A CUP iuu zv E \u
A Au G \Uu \Qx. z&]z
BuUQuv z GQ Bu {z uz ], Au
A ]zu A GQx. A J z Cuu,
z Bu J ]z Cuu {zxUTh UP
iu ; C? Au z&]z G ]&\Uv Gx
\vP; Jzu Qhx.
(z&]z&Buzv) Bu Gx G? "Bu ' G
Au Bu Gxu | P? u ]z
nP Cu Ax A~v Q {u
Bu. Azui, uh {Sn \u {
b~zv Q {u Cimh Bu. z
Cu BUP. B ]z Pa \
C[P \Uv zvS U Pkzx, Au \zxa \Qx.
G \Qu, "zv AP CUPmh ]z u \Uv
kzv zu g\ \v { Qx;
Au ]uu Gx \Uv Buu' GQx.
B J PzxUS Qx. ]u, \uu Gx
\Uzu (\Uvu) G UQ. ] \u \u
zxU Su ]u Gx \u A~ Buu.
u GQx \u Buzuzu {UQ.
Bzu Gx Ci \Uv, Sn, P BQ
ukzu \uP, {SnP, {UP CUS
A~P {UQ. Hi G & J \Uv CUQu
Ax Cx Giz u? AuU Pmi (kzv)U P
sou u. _u Gi \Uv u? \Uv
A~ u? \Uvu A~zu i? zUP
| zumi, CiU Pzv |
E{ \uzuz ux P iv. Pzv
Sx |US \v PxkQx. UP
CmkU Psk u \g\ki BQx. "Cx Ku?
P AvP BPmh?'' G CUQx. B\
Azu zuu sox Auu P g\zu
638
J P }P zx, Aik JxUQmk, \u

Bz {zx {Sia \. Axu
P Cx, Azu \ Pu \u
Pzu CUP i u P PzvS
\UvP CUP ix Gx h, Cia \uzv
AuP IUQ zu zv (z u)
\Uu uz[P ] \Q. zUS Cmh
zu \Uv A~UuP A \Q. C
zUS iu i nu \Uv C, \uzv
Cuu ]u&\uu[P \kQ; \Uzu
G Ja \v.
B \Uuzv "]uu' GQx Ax UP
\Uzuu. ]P, P Cu Bu
]uu. Auu bu Gx. \Uuzv Cua ]uuzua
\x Au \zi A ]z ou A
uh \Uv zu zu g\ Ah {u
u \PU SUPkQx.
\Uv uzu mka \, "H, Gi?'' G \z
uu J zu g\ HkQx G \Q
Azu \zzv ]uu \uuu. \Uuzv A
uh uzvPP g\ sqQ G
\, E P A \u Pu E
b, \Uv P b Csi BvUQ
]uu oUQ \UQx. Azui
uzzxUS b x, ix, UThx. Au zuzuk
ukzv CUS, A\ ! \Uuzv Ai. u
uzxUPP (_ SuPP) A\u AuP (EP)
A\x Pkzx Px (Pkx) \Uv
P Av uzUPk. |h uzzv
u aP Cu zuzu "K' G PQx.
z uh u \Uv P zv uu, \uzuU
SUS Av \u Psk {hQu G
Ah \Uv zu A zx BukuS P \Uu
u CUQx. Azuzv, |US h iu G u
zu g\zu \Uux A sq "' G
USiPa \Qx. BP, " \UvP Azu IUQ
ix; A \u zvu IUQ i' G,
A[Th Ah ]uu \Uv Buzu A Th
u [S mkU Psk A~UP i G \Uu PmkQx.
\nP
639
B\ Azu A~v P Cu v
{u P P[P sox, Uv sox, B J
\u zv J SP P sn sk Gu
Azu \v[P soP u Cu A\zu
AP u \v. Ai P iuPUPP Hmh
\Uu u Uv u[Pu |P Ehzx Pz ~
Buzua \x. ] Ch[P Cx AzuuzxUS
GTha \US.
\Uvu Eshx. \v Bu,
u. Auu Ah \Uva \ u PzxUP
"Bu ' G Cx.
\Uv ]zu "IhiP'Pa \UQx G?
AuPP "Bu ' aP J (aP. 8) "]uu G
Qx & ""v z u: Pv\| ]u|u'' G. ""
U\PP CUPmh ] E ]u|u Pz ux
Psk EUQP'' G Azu.
u & AS & A z u\
sqQPUSzu
u
B\h
nU Psh G UPsn zxz uxPsk
A~USiU QhUQx. B Ah \Uv ]uu
""Pv\| u:'' G \i A ] U\PUP
A~zv QhUQx.
]z & Bu GQ uz |USz u, Cu
Cxmk Pmk. Ah u |US Bu uzu
\Qx? Au u u\ u u
G uUTixu? Au | AUTi Av zv,
xi .
Azu, z \z CskUS J a
\ { Esk.
J G Ju. JP kxu ! Ai
uuzv (u i) P J J
AhQ G AzuP iv z G Azu
\v, z G \Uu \v Csk JUQ !
i { JPa \ i Csk
Pg\ P AkQ. J & z & "zu
u' GuP; x & Axu z & "B u' GuP;
\Q. "zu' G z u. Pu {.
. P, G Csk P C. Au {u
640
Cu Pz uQx. Ai { u PzuPz
uQx & Gx AzuU PP. "B' G v P\.
zvS vP P]x B. Cizu
APsh ]z\Uv J PmkmkUS vzx & PzxUPP
BQx Gx \UuU PP. C v
C. Axu Ciz ux. Aux E Azuu.
B , v G Csk
CUPzu \Q? Au AUS vzvS J zz
CUPzu \Qx? Cu v &PzxUPUS J zz Esk
G \Uu \Qx. Azu v A "z' () G
\.
Gi GuPP z u Hmhx G PUP Ch
Azu \v Aizxz uu z G JxUPa \Qx.
]z\Uv {zu P vzx Bmh kQ G
\ \Uu \v, &Pzu zxUPsh & |h
Cz[P, Pz uQ P u EPn[PP
EPkzvU Psh & C h {, {u {
zv U AhskQx.
Au IU i uu |US six. | u G
Gx \UTix AuPPzu. B u & "| Gi u
G Esh? Pz Gi Esha_? Gx & | J
soUPuQ ! Ax zuu |US ;
Bu |h ! Au A[P Cu Csk
\v[P mk _uS "Ch' u sh. |hUP
siu, |hUP so iP Ah si {
Csk JP \u Au GkzxU P. z G
G JxUQmk PUTi wP Ai Pmk. |
SuP ! \ { G kQ SuPP Ah
k ! A u siu Auu zv ux A
A | JQk A~Uzu sq.
Azu&\Uu \z[P J P "U'PP Hu
Pg\ \. C x AvP J
Aa], Gmhu uz[P "uiP' (Avmk
i \u) A[P iu i v izxUPsk
Sv iUQx Gu Qx. Cx |US AS
uP CUPmh Ah Ak vx. AuPPzu
"u ' GkzxU Pshx Av uUP i
uzzu[P \ |x.
_UPPz uxP six & Azuzv "' GuPa
\k Pu Bu uzzv Chzv "]' Gu \Uu
\nP
641
\Qx. Pmh ]P (]z&P), Aux

bP Cx Gx Azu uu. \Uu zuuzv
Cu ]zv Chzv \Uva \UQx. A b
mk, \Uv G Azva \, Auu
AUP \Uv G PkzvUQx. Azu \uP
Ai u u Ah[QUQx. \Uuzv \u ]US E
E \Uv, power - I, energy - Ia \, AkTh BP
CUPmh Ax zu PP kua
\UQx. Azuzv, Au PmkQi, J
z, AuS CP & zuP & uQ Gx Hmh
z uu; Au k zvS u Qhx;
Au G, Gi Esha_ Gu UPiu v. "|US
Cu Ba] six' GQx. |US six
Ax, CUQ J zzv zPzu (zv
A~zu) sixu G \ AuPP b UPzu
SzxU PkUQx. \Uuzv \Uv u ]zv Ca\ u.
u {zuP zu EshUPmiuPa \UQx.
Cv \Uv J A\P Qx. Au u[P Cx
sh.
u Pz ux. b UPzu
UQUPsh Qk G
Azu \v \Qx. Aih ] J, i
zv JQkQP G \Uuzv, SP z
uzzv |P JU PsiUQx. zu, ]hzu,
zuu \ (\ zuu), Psh \ (]zu), P
\ G E u u[P | \ Bh AzuzvS
Aik zP Bzx, Pg\[ Pg\P AuSU Qmh ,
P \ Qmh xkQx. Auh AzuP
& IUzu zu \UQx. zu i
zu CskUS z. zu z.
Azuzv zux Puu G J AiP
Au Aizxz ua \UQx. z u \Uu u\[P
Au \Uv \Uv EshUPmhuPa \UQx.
""Czu zu[P Au J \Uv E Sx Psk sq
mku. Cu Ai, mhP zx S. |P
Q A, & } mk G? Au \Uv, Avu, AuU
Psh Eshu? Cx u Au J \Uv
E P {UPa \vUQ? Cu uzu A
zvzx, Cu z \vi uP so UQU
Pskk; U Phx Bu \Uv Jmk, Ai Au
642
Bu \Uv JmiUQ Bu \uzv AzuP

IUk'' G \ izvUQx.
AzuzvS \UuzvS & SP Aua \u z
uzzvS & Ci |UP Cu |h B\ bP
Azu P iuP G zu i
zvvx Bzx z A~zx, AzxUPsk
Azu i { \mk G {zvuPz
uQx. Auu A ], q BQP
uz[P so v A ]P[P, n
uz[P BQ PmkP Gx C; xh Uv
Ena]h P zih uzvuP A CUQ.
ui zu Ai Jsk (\, n \v [P)
APh. Au. B "u ' uP J
P & Av B P & \Uu \zP CUQx. Ax B\
sn G zxU Psh[Th, Auk B\ so
Pzua \zx, Csk \x J P Cu, ""Azu;
Cmh Akzui z'' Gu BQx? B\
souP E u uz[P C ]v z uz
\VP |Pa \UQx.
Cu hzv & B\h h[P Gu &
AUS DaUS sqx DaUS \ uzP
C vPP |hUQx; AUS vP u
G z uzzu { A~zu G[P zuv CUQx.
(]zx) Azuzu zuzu AzuPa \zx
uP z CUQx ! Cshx u \uP CUQ
Azu ], zu g\ Po \Uv a
\uPP Ax \Qx. ""u'' G |zu
iuS u | ""]&\Uv IU&o'' Gxu.
C[P, "u ' (Au uP "Bu ')
B aPzv B zu ""]: \Uz Uu :'' Gxu !
uzzv B zu, GkzxU Pkzu v, hUP
xmhx. Au iP mhu Cuk {zvUPsk aP,
aPP Azu \ BUQ.
(Cz uS \nP "u ' G
aP[PUS Azu T. z&P ~m aP[P,
] u nP E aP[P }UQ HUP C[S
UP PsQ. (1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 12, 15, 16, 17, 20, 22, 23, 24, 28, 29, 34, 35, 41,
42, 43, 44, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 56 (v), 57, 63, 65, 66, 69, 75, 84, 95, 97, 99, 100
BQ |zvsk aP[P SP zx; 5, 9, 10, 11, 14, 18, 21, 25,
\nP A a&1
643
26, 30, 31, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 45, 53, 54, 55, 60, 61, 62, 64, 70, 71, 73, 82, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91,
92, 94, 96, 98 BQ zu aP[P Pzu K zx; 13, 33, 52,
58, 67, 74, 83, 86, 93 BQ zx aP[P \Pz umk; 19, 32, 68, 72, 76,
77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 85 BQ v aP[P Aik uh
\nP B EP uS C[S x).
*
u
\nP A
"]' Gz uh[S \Uvz xv
| \u u | P S\: vx >
Auz Bz g\v
nx ux PuUu s: v >> 1 >>
(]: u:) C ] (\Uz Uu: v v) \Uvh
\vP Cu (x) EP BUSuS (\Uu:) B
hzu. (H | \z) C \vi (vx A)
A\uS[Th (S\: | P) zvP C? (Au:)
BP ( g\v: A) v, zv,
u[Th (Bz) Bu \k (z)
E (AUu s:) so snu (nx) |PUP
(ux ) uzvUP (Pu v) G[V i?)
|h uz Cu aPzxh BUQx.
Cu aPzv "P[P G ix, x,
x BQ P[Pa \ , q, z
uUS mh \Uv Au; z P
CUPmh ] A \kzv |hzv zuu uh
A\ (A\u) {Sn Azu {x A\x Pkzx,
zzvP uPU Psk zu g\ zu
sniQx' G U \Uu uz \UQx.
""zzvP, C uP u \UvP G
E sqQP. zu } BmihUQ. Au
Bmh Ehu ! Avu Pzv Azu v
Bmh[P... Bmh G P... J D, G Aikzx x
uPsk P P E \Uvu, E [Pzuu
|hUQx. AiUSx E Jzu |P sqQ,
uz \Q G Ax mk u BQk?
644
""GUS Eh A, Uv EshQ | E |P sqx

G \? G [P? E xvUP BzvUQ, Cx E
\Uv [P A u Cmh |hUPU Tk?''
Ci B\ Ah PmQ. h zu
\oUPPU PmP |ÙPP E Cu Azuzu zx
[UPU PmQ.
Cu ([Q) v C PmQ: "uzUS \Uv }u
uQ US sk uxk G? mh !
H } Gu u P zxzu u.
BP UuuUS E xv \ Uzuz
umh ! G Uu? u[P { zP so
s vzvUP sk & Axu Uu. s\z
u E |PUP, xvUP GUS i?''
Ci, G plain-BPa \ A|P indirect - BP Cu
aPzv \ CUQx.
PuUS Cx U n. \ |h v G plain - BP
explain sohUThx ! ] [PU "T Tx' G
E zx zu \sk. Axu ! J
Cu Av \mh EUSu u[Qz,
ux CUQx? Au v ! Pu "z'uP
CUPsk.
"z'
G
\P.
Aux,
shuu umk \ mk x usk G
Azu. Cia \x C "_[Pa \ [P
x' G Azu. J Th Ga\ zua \ x J ]
iUS AhUQ UQx A[Pa _UQ GPz
uu Ax Pu. J ] zP [PvP mk
UQ UQ u sqx, PP Ezuzu
|[P u[P UQz ux PiPU PuP C
sk.
Ai Cu aPzv C EzuP Fzx
xP sk. G: ""nx ux Pu AUu
s: v?'': ""E Gi s snu |PUP
uzUP i?'' G Cv PmQ; AiU Pm
uzUQ Gu u s\ G B\ u
PmiU PQ G Azu soU Psh Ax Azuu.
i u J CuP B\ SzxUPsk
""GUS[Th E PhzuU Pk'', ""G ][Th E \nzu '',
G AhUPPa \Q. Aimh Gkzu Gk, ""|
{ s so; Auu E uz sn
\nP E & a&1
645
ivUQx'' G J | \mh. BP, C[P G

Ezu "m' sqQ G B]zx zx
xPsk.
u G \? A\ iu A\ uz ] A
A\UQ G. Au A~zx C[P "s snu
GUS s soPUP Eu uz C \UvU
PkzvUQ' Gu Azu soUP sk !
"E Gi s snu uz sn i?''
GuS, "Aix, Gi s snu | uzUP
iQx? Gu \ E zvu ! A\ ] A\
sq E zvu s snu G E
uzUSi G |UP, UP A\zvUQx' G Azu \x
P sk. Axu B\ uzu A~zux.
"nx' (|PUP) Gx Eh sq P. "ux'
(uzUP) Gx UP sq P. &U&P G
sk ""nx, ux'' Gv Ah[QkQ.
A {zxz u A A |Px uzx?
Bu, Ax "Ahkm'u (E xu). Ci
u aPzv AUS &U&P n
|hxkQx. C[P mh uu Ph] n
\ P zx iQx.
su |P uzvP sniu
Uv sniu Azu. Uv UPzv Cia \, b
UPzv uS Ci "P `ho' \UQ:
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Ai, Pi [P s sou b
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646
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647
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G zuUS, B P G x
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z AUS \ siu. C UP P
i A |Q A |P G zx, C[P vUS
z EzvUPmh sixmhx ""Gh (C)x? Azu u
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v A US uh Pkzx mh A A~zx
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ukzvk GQ Ezu\zv ""]: \Uz'' G
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A uzvzvS, A u \vi
vzzu A~i G |P EhzxU Pmi ]
648
aP[P soUQ. aP u uP |P
snU PUS A Da Q Eh J
uP, J P, P Gvx Ki ;
Ax AUS |P soUPsiUS uP
Qhzv A ChU Pskh Q G QP Ga\UP
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] E |US \zv Pa ]xmhx'' GQ. C
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G J Chzv \Q (a. 82) Ph] aP[P J
(96) ""w| A\ !'' G A kzvU TkQ;
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\zzvS uP J "Ii'P {USi
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A G {U Pmhsiu "P'P
Gkzuh ] | mk A \Uva \
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A A G zvUQ: u "]:' A "\Uz'.
C A, A C G JzuUPzu \zxz
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G A ]. A G h CUQx AUS
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649
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PaP Csk US ] n, \x, z|z, ]
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Q A~U[P JP CUQ.
Ci z \Qx J UP | Bzv Au
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u CUPsk GQx u[PUS E\zv uzv
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A E\zv G zxU Pshu A nP [Q
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{u Au A&A uP GkzxUP mhP.
Su Gi B\kQu AuS A~nP AUS A
ux ; Ax AUS A ux . P v J
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vP J zv\U Su zxUPsk Sx Auv
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650
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Gi... E[PUSz uu \Q: "]'
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AUS (uzv) Uuzv z G \, ""
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P "A'Pzv iu v CUQ & \[P,
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651
\[P&\[P, Da&Da v "z' G "z' G \

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: z z P
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652
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z \vzv A UuPa \x Cx Qx.
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i Qhx.
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; Au mi USx AUm;
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C A[P AP , v J.
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zvx uu. z&u; z&u. \, , Su G
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653
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iuP CUQ. "P' & u & G \uzuUTh
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Pmi "C'PuP "iU' \vUS ( EPa
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B GkzxU Psh Smh (S) APu PUS,
|mh (|i) BPu zPUS G CUQx. C[P
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|mh C&D Csk z iP AvP CUQ."\Uv'
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"A' "AP' "B' iQ. "B' iu zPUS
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UP. Au zzxUPUSz u. Cu
P zx AvPPUP (EUPz uSv PUP)
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\u !
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APP PkzvUS UQ. ]&\Uv nzv
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654
E Gzx. CukTh ]&\Uv nzv Da \u

zx \vUQx. G EhUS . BP, ]&\Uv
nzv Eh GzuP A E GzuP
CUQP. E Cu Eh G? "]' "C' G
zu, Axu?
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\ C IUSa \ C G Azu? a_
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Cmh ] Qh'' GQ ! \ v Cu "\Uv';
J \ i G "]' G ! Cvx A
AUSa \ G BQu? u[Ph \Uv
(energy) mh J \zu ix? Q ]zxUS
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u \Uv Auuu AuU Psk i EshUP
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Tiuu g\ |hzuz vQ.
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\, Cx {a\ G Evkzu, ""| P'' & ""Aizu?''
GQ.
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vou C?
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z ] {SnP BQh sk' Gu B\
HPmh Azu [P Pn Uu[P Gv zuu \u.
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A\Q va \Q \Uv G \, PzxU PmiU
Psh so. C[P Au \Uvh "} Cmh ]
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zu EshUQuPP umk, ""Cx E A
A Ba_?'' G PshkQ !
"Jzu Ci Csk vP \? Csk uP ]
Gx z? Ju z, C Az GQk!
\nP E & a&1
655
B\ Ci sn?'' Ai. Csk zu.

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i?''
uUP v CUP ixu. B zzxUS n uUPi
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z. Au, B\ ~ b UPP PU TiP,
Uv UPP PU TiP G Skzv b UPzv
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Qu[P \. J UP zkQP
AuP US AhQ vv, P vUQ Cu
g\zu, Au u P xUP[PP A~UQ u[Ph
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a \ Jk[Pa \. Axu b UP. Au
US uS v, AuS P, Cu JiP
JxUPa \ \ iuPUS Uv Eu\ so.
Cv& zu, g\ vi
hiux, AuPP JiP zu x, i
Cv Uzv, AP, zv [P miUPsk
nP PuPP J \ & Cu Au
\u \Uv DaP { sqQx G Pmi, Pz
zu A P UP so, Cv
G Ah v, , Pu ]n, [Rzu
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, Cv[P Psh P zu izxmh,
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mkmk uS Uuzv A xk
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mkQ. A zPa \Q, zP |hUP G
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G mk ux. A \ Csk Csk u
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C BUQ hzx BmiUQ Da &Cv[Pk
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CuP Amk, Cu J mhP,
656
\k (\i) zuP soUPsk, B J sn

u uP J z x Cx z.
Auu UPzv QPUS Av i Hh sk;
AuP U Hhu x C u mk IPU (]zu
JPk) ]u hUThx Gu Auu \x, AuU
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vP \ siuS. Au, "P'P , u
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sk Ci zPzu \ sk G
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zu. vQ Suh P AU Pmi G
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J A C[QU Si soU P ukUSPP Au
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umi, CUS Gu {zuPU Pmi Au EzPP \
siuS. Cizu n[P, uz[P Auu
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x G EzP \x.
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657
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658
G Azu. An, n Gv "' Cxu. Cx

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q, \ z G zzu
GQ.
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zv \Uv G Ax u. Gx J AxP
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x ukQx? zx mh G
Au u Au mh mhUQUQx? Au
mh? Ax vu? A mh G
zxa \u P Gxx Ax \ i? Au E
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C Csha \zxUP siuQx. \u ] P
Cu |US Au bzu zx Auhzv Agb
\nP E & a&1
659
zuz u so izxz uUQ J

u \Uv \UQ G uQx. Cu x
uzx P u[Ph { ] b
\u v { AhvUQPvx
Cimh A~Uzua \u u \Uv&
\Uv & \uP HkQx. BP, i & vv & zuk
C Csk u \Qx: J &|US |h { Bz
u \Uv x. C &
miUPsiUQ | Avx kzx, "]UQ Gsh'
G oUP\P P i v z zv \zx
zu A~Ux. Cu Csk uUS vun
G AU G . vu Guz v G
\xsk. "v' GQ uxUS "kzxx', "x'
G Azu. "vPp' G J zu PmiUP & J
x xSi sq zu "v' xu "v'
vUQx. J x |USz uui v x zxkQ
u? z v mk | Bzzu zx
zv BmkzxQ \Uv u vu. v Azx
PkUS u A~U. \Uv i, vv,
[PUS AvPP , q, zP zvx v
vuzvS zx AvPUS u Da. a G
\xsk. u \ zu US Emmhxu. Au
P { UP Da AvPzv CUQx.
{zv so zuU PkUS A~Uz u sq
AvP u].
Iu & g\Uz & G Ca \x. \ zuu
u ] u[P Cx Esk. BUP, Azu (P Azu),
Azu, zu, A G u \P. \P Ci g\
Uz x ] G \P. |h |mizu "g\
Uz u ush' G USP. \Uuzv Azu
g\ Uz Pa \P. ""g\ Uz n'' G
|zv Qx.
GkzxUPsh \Uu uz Gu mk,
|k{P zu[Th g\Uz[P J AvPPU
Psk \Q u u AvP A Gu AvP zu
G u. Gi, Uz & P \x & Gx \UvU
Psk |hxu? \UvU Pmiu P |hUS? \Uv
G Au? \ \v[P \Uv uPu
]a \UQx & Aux ] zUSzu \Uv G
660
Pkzx, Ak A \vuP \UQx.

AzuzvS, |h "u ' A[PUS
U Qmh xkQ P \zv Ea\oP z
"]&\Uv' G \zxa \UQx. BP, uzP,
v v Pu E~P C P, g\
"Uz' G x Au \Uv A AvPzv
\xu zu.
Ix AvP uuPU Psk A g\ Uz sqQ
G Ax A Au IxUS , IUS CUQ
GQx. zv n \Uvx u Cu Ix \UvP
vUQ? Ax Axu GUS uP CUP
sk?
Au \Uvu | uzzv u. Azu
uPUS Au Bu \Uv. Uz zvP Ix US
Au (]zx) \ ! bzu, zu A~UUS
u]US[Th A ! A b P CUQx
& just Being GQP, Ai, "CUQxu', \Qv' G u
uP CUSx AUS , R J Qhx. B A
bzu A~Ux G Pzu sqx Ai A
sqUQ \Uv AUS CUPzu \Qx?
""'' Gu yP Au Ix US A
EmPx PsiuP Pzv (EPzv) Pmi, A~PUS
zzv PUS u\ PkzvUQ. Gi A
aPU PUS Bzv | PPP
&q&z&aP CP. | P \zx,
EmPuP P CUS? Au PP u]
C.
Ci v g\ Uz zvP BUQU PsiUS
A, Aux n \UvU Pa G \x. Au
Azv zu Ah v Pa G \x.
""Au P sqQ G x AUS GuS v
G Jzua \, Pa G AUS PkzxUP
sk?''
Au P G AUS A|P u[P Ci
z uuP CUSx u G AUS Ux.
| G A J Su Ah Ak
JmiUPQx A sn sk Gu \Uv
A \Uvh u u [Qz uxiP Ci
\nP E & a&1
661
Pshx. Auu |zv B ""u'' G

Cx. | izx, zx, UPUS |k |k
G "m' Pkzx, mkUP Pmi
i ~Uzv uk JkzvU P uP
C A. u G "m' () mkU Psh
uPU Pmi BP sk. uPu u...
Csk vP "Au v' Pu {UP h? P
, PS BQP \ . A\UvP AhUP
Hmh xP . C UP u. Ax u
Cxu BPq? Auu Pa vPU Pshx; Au
"EUSa \o' APhUS P uzu A~zx E\u
u Pkzux. ""(u) z\v'' A Pa z GuP
vx P AkUQU Psk UQx.
a, u, zu u PU Psh
Au G Pa |USz ua ] Esk.
G, \zv ] Gi \Uv uP CUQ,
Ai \Uuzv Cu z uzzv \Uv ]
uP vk CUQ. n \UvUS vP CUP
i? Auz u Gx Cux v BPi
B]zx zu \UvU Pmh, P sn, \uP
Cx PsiUQ ]u Au \UvUS v,
C v uu Axu vUP i uQx.
Aux \u ] \Uv Au z g\ Uz[PP
kuP BQx.
Cvx C G BQu, Au ] |P \Uv
zuU Pmk Pzu snmh, Ai snsk
G B\mhuP BQx. ""JP Cu P BP
B\mhx'' G E{zx \Qx. \u Ai C
P G, Ax AuU PzxUP v, Ax
P Pq G B\miUPqu? "B\mhx' &
"APu' G E{zv \UQx. Gx ]z\Uv
b\Uv E zxU Psk & ] & \Uv
kzv g\ snsk G B\mhu Auh
Ca\ \Uv GkQx. A uP g\ Uz ' \ux
U \Uv. Ax CUPmk. Cx , u uu
Pkx u ux Au Ca\, B\; "P' G
E{z \x. "P' Gx C[P uzu uv. _zu
Ca\UP Ai . n \Uv zvx v
Psh u B AuU P. Axu AUS z u.
662
A A \x P EshQ \u ] Cu
Ca\ \Uvk \uuu g\ , g\ Uz[P G
Gu AP v z BQP. Ah Ca\, Pzv
uu AUSU Pa G .
Axu u . zvhx u evolute (n uz)
P G Au zx Hmh (Pa G) u
\Uv u |P, u |P CUP sk? G Ci
B\mh A Pa. P Cu A
B\mhuk . Au B\U PUQ g\ P g\
Uz G uP soU Pmkx UP UP \Uv
Au. Aux, Pau Uh, Gz oP v,
u n Bm]vPzxh C; u PzxUP,
P
uP
BQ.
BQ
US
shmiu mk o; u |P Bm]
UQ o. |zv u |P "u' G A
Ak APU Tmhh Akzu Csk |UP
Ah Bm]vPzu & A AQsh, sh \UzvP
Cuzu & " d' G, "z a' G
\UQx.
A aP ]zv x J P. Ax
G &oUS Eshxu. AUP P Cx
g\ G \. AuS PaP A
EmPvua \ A u v
Pak Th CUQ \. g\ zv
AuU Pa i u A EmPvUQ.
Au A AUS B !
zvx u ux g\ h
sk P. Bu Pa&PaP Gu Bv
uv Bv ; u UQ .
A u G A ua Gv. u
G |, x. s Au AiUP
i u A AiUP ix. Au v A a
G A a Gv. ug\ a
CUQu Ax P Pmi ( \) zx
Hmh ; zx AuU PUS Hmh wa
Gu. aUS iP a G C. H
Cx \ v, Au Bm] AvP A\ c.
(]zx) Uh APh Bm v, Cx
Gz APh L vu Cu c
\nP E & a&1
663
v ! Cu E[Th A . H Uh,
A h[Th CvUQ C[Ui o BQP
kUSU PmkmhPu. a Ai.
" ' GQ n AvP uv ...
"' G a \Q. Gx "m' GQ
C[Q zuu. Ax J GhUS UQx. Bv Au
Gh US Au Esh. A Gii
72 Sxo Gh u[P |nzvS Au xmhx.
Av "' u miUS. Au G AuU
P_UP x, u GQmhx. "' Gx
"n' Gx Hzu J JUQ. nzxUS
G Cv Ci Cmi zuUQx !...
Au Bm]vP o. Au a.
US Au AvP. Au A a G \
{. zu Gx Ah C U .
"u ' Gu Au zu' zxzu G
\. CuS i P US zu G
Qhx. |P, zxQ v, zuP (z AuP)
Gu CUQx ! H, Pzv Au Dh AS.
Ah AS A ASUS DhPuu AUS Ai .
zu G zP[P AQ u A G
\mk, A Gzu APu A u G Gia
\ i? A (AQ) E\u CshuPzu
CUP i? Au AUS zu G Qhx.
B Csk (C) Cuu B\ (P)
P i? Au Pa&Pa Gxu AP i
P CUQx. g\ zv n \Uv
zv Pk (PS) Pzu xPU Psk
Pa G B Psk, Pa G v Au
]zuk i |hP Azu sqQ.
g\ iQ |huP g\ Uz G uQx.
u P h sk AUS B\ & P & Cu
u Ci |hzxQ. CiU Phu A Pa.
"u UQz uhu zx UPq.
zx UPq G Ci J P? U PP A
CUQx?'' & G & Ai. i, Gzu Pu,
Pu AuP zx zu G uh
HPP IUkzvU Pzu AUS Ezu\. zx zx A
664
\zxU Pvu Tku Bu EshQx ! | Th Jzu

Cx Psiu [QU Psk v. A x
, u\ mk P Pzxz v u
[QU Psk Qx. A u |UQ zx
uUQ P Cu v, A J \zxU Pv
Av BuzuU PnPU Pshxu. Guz u
Suh "Jg_&' h?
zvzvx BP Q PQ Gzu
u |vP Ezv, Au |v F _z vu
i u zu u zzv [Pzxzu
wQx?... Pa u Pa g\ zv
UQ. Au n \Uv . SP Ca\ zvUQ
n \Uv & GUS . Au iu g\ Uz[P
Hmk i ]z, g\ |hP |hUQu uz.
Cu yzv PkzxU Pmkx g\ zv
Pah Chx i Pa EmPx PsiUQ.
AP QUS UP EmPx PsiP. AuPi Au
Bzu miUSx BU| vUQ (u QUSz v\) E
Au Pu ; {v (u Q) E P q;
(hS) vUSUP z; D\zv (hQUQ) E P
zuzuk DaP CUS. | PP \zx mh
P u]. \Uvx, \Uv, \Uv
Ix u zxU PmkQ Cu Ix g\ G
\ CP Bzu g\ G \UQx.
"' G Ea\uzv \uS |P, yUQ
kQ v, Cu Ix "u' G \xsk ""g\
vu'' G AUS \ Au | ""g\
u||'', ""g\ u g\v\'' G P
\UQx. G uz, C APUS Au g\
Uz \UvPU PkUPu AP uzxUS u G!
( mh, L v)
PaUS Au n \Uv, ""Pa n |j'' G
| CUQx. |, z\v Csi Au Qx. B
P uzv J z vUS u Pkzx Ak
\x Cu Gu \Uv u \Uv uUS
uzv Pa vPU PmiU Psk [SQ.
\nP E & a&1
665
""]' "'''
"] A\UTh ix Eh [P u;
Aimh E BvUQ' G ], GuP
Csk \, Jzu A\x Pkx, |P
sqx G Csk P[P B\ (u u
aPzv) \UQ. Au "' GkzxU Psku
C {, mh.
"H Csk & ], G? Pzv H z &
A\x, |P sqx G?'' Gua \ Bzu.
A\uP zv \ ]u \Uu&\ \z[P u
uzP , G \k uzv
]; |h Pa v Pa g\ [PUS
C. A AUS vu A BvuP,
|P squPa \. Au u \ mk
Pn. uz uxPx. A u PUQU
P B\kx Gx u GuU Pzv A ]UP
iu! ]z \UvP AUS G E A Ca\ \Uv
A Dkkzvuk {zvU Pskmh. U \Uv Pkzx
AU Pzv Dkkzu. AuS (U \Uv U P[P
\uS) g\ Uz zvP A EshUQ. BP Gu
U P uu, iu, Cu ] Bu \x,
|P \x GuP Ch. Au \u
zuhzv Ca\ G J A mk Guuk . uPk
v A\u zzv Au A Hmhx A\
HmkkQx ! J \Uv, driving force, Cu Gi Gu J A\
Hh i? BP Cx A \Uv uQ mh
Azu Cx (]zx) \ A\. " ] uuS "\' G
u? A \ A\mh. \Uv u
\u A\. \ A\ !
"' Gx g\ Uz zvP n sq z
(g\Uz[P i \P) ,
g\ G q, UP PUS |k G
""&&g\v''. G mk Cu B\ hPz
ukzvUQ.
zuu \zv (\ zuuzv) u ]UP
| PkzvUQx ] A G Csh Pa ]zx
\UQx. Ax zv uumk Cuz u\
]US shP kuP \x P k |P ""
666
u'' G \u Cx vUQx. u|mi ""A''

GQ.
""shP : |''
"shP kx' G J zu \. \
uzu zx, Ax PiP | P kx G
x PsiP.
P |zu PiP P ku shP kx
G H \q Csk Pn uQx. | guess soa
\Qxu.
Tmh[ TmhP UuP | soU Psk P kx
G[P v G shzvu. J "", , mh
!'' u ! J | izuh "" shP u !
m()h !'' G Azu Tmh EUP, Ena]k P k.
ug\ iP Bm] Hmh APh Pu,
o, (]zx) [Q, h[P a\i G C[P x
u[P Cu "CL' Hmhx. Pi
|a\nzv " shP u'' x\Pa \ux. x\Pa
\uu [P UP {x. Au Gu
| PPzu CUPmk & ""|: w u !
u !'' PzuUPmk. ""PP n ! Pu,
Pu !'' PzuUPmk & Gx shP kx G
xmhx. \ PP j SiUQ UP
CvUQx. B | mk, UPP B]
, Bm] ix G mh A, j IUS
. x\P APh B vP \u Ax
UQmhx. ]si xUP "j mi' G
xmhx. j "' snu miTh j miu ! Ax v
UP ] so ""|: w u ! u !''
kxTh "shP kx' G mhx !
C Pn G uQu, & shP G
u . P PzxUS u PP E ]uzvS
"shP' G J . \z[P ""z shP'' G
\UQx. uU Psn P shP GQ.
""Au CUPmk; |zu [PP P ku
shP G?''
| G Cx J zu ux. Guzu C[P
| Gx. nP | CmkU PuS & AP
]h\P "zu\ |' G Eh sk Ch[P
\nP E & a&1
667
mkU PuS & | G \Q. H Ai AuS

| G \Q? H Ai AuS | G
uu Ph P\v zu\ |[Pa \U
Psku Ai Eh zu\ Ah[P mkUPP.
P |zu zPa \U Psk mkU Pu AuP
| G xmhx & "' G zv Szv
P_UP "' ux !
Bv |US CmkU Px J u Ax Cu v
iP Cux. | CmkU Puz vP
GQ? vP G vu, Aux G "' G
u Cu J vu CUQ?
Cx A[P, Aux ASkzvU PQ Ah.
\vUuP \zu _zv soU PuPP |US CmkU
Px mhP v un soP. ASUS,
A[PzxUS | Pu \uzuz u izv |US
CmkU PshP. \z ] v un. Gv P P
P P Hkx J zx z
Ah[P Hkx UP. Ai \zUu v
unzv B. zu uuP J v
unzu mkmk P \u G J v Ps PU
Szx CmkU P BzuP. mhP C; u
bPkzxQ u. zuP, nP G
Hmhv nP v mh mkmk vs G
Ju sPmi | mkUP BzuP. Cv
Ba]U Psnk zu u "' Aihx u
Au via ] GQP. vi u
Gu \x?
uUS shP G \, shP Gu
sm G \xsk. ] P mh v Aik
mkmk, A[PP mk \zUu u[P ua
]P u P vsq CmkUP Bzu
S, mh v CmkUPx Eh |a ][P
GUS P "sh' G Eshmhx ! u
"' hUSUTh Cmh mh vUS zsm
G, Ai | SUSmhP C |kUS mhzv
P vsq mkU PuS Fz sm G P
Hmh. x\P J CUP Bzu Ax "BUi'P Cx
G Pzu CUPzu \Qx? Ai u uPU
Pg\ A nP G Hmk BUiP Au
668
x APh umh B\nP Pzv PzxUS

{ vUP sk. Au AP mkU Psh
smun Gu |a ]zxUS x UP.
Cx iUPP UQ uRP J _a _UP.
G P |zxh mkU Psh | Ah
| G u? Au | |zxUS sm, shP G
C Cuu ! Aux | = smu? Cv | |
P | G z[P Gkmk sm = P | G
BQUP. Tmh[TmhP nP ""Pu'' mkUPsk
u \ sox Ai P | P ku sh
kx shP kx G \Q UP HmiUP.
A ] Eh Gu P Au
PuS shP kx G vUP...
"" u'' G shP kQ G \. ]
|US uP, | Cuu ""A
| `P !'' G ""P Aun'' vPzv uzv P
\UQ. B Cu u B aPzv
B\ nz u mk \ z Gu
zvUQ. uUSz uU Pkzx, u sna \Uv
Pkzu A Au qUPh |P
sqQ, BvUQ G \Q: Au&z Bz
g\v.
""]zv u'' (A\)

Q z A |P Pzv HUQ.
] A\zx mk CUQ. A\ & "u'
Gx. aPzv "vx' & A\uS G Qx. J Gsn
C \uP Au uhP v Cu ]
Hmh u A, u A\ u PQ Ca\, P, B\,
u A\ B\, mhx mhi Cu ]US
B\kx G J A\ Esh, B\kx G J
P {U ] uzzv Esh, Cua \UP
J \Uv umkzu CUP sk? b , E
Gx zxUS CUS ]z\Uv Ca\\Uv, U\Uv G
CshP Bx mk. Ca\ zxUS
Gx Gu J UP (\P) A soUQ!
C AimhzvS , JzuUS J Ca\
EshQu A u u CUQ Guz ux
PsiUP sk. | yUPzv | Cx |UP u.
Ax Hux Ca\ GQu? a\ mkU QhUQ. Ax
\nP E & a&1
669
hUh UP PkzvUQ. Au zv |US B\

Eshxsh? Bi zxUS Ca\ Esh G
AuS i Ax "u CUQ' G ux PsiUP sk.
u uP CxPsk mku , " | J
x CUQ' G "|' & A x J Pu? \u
uhPzv B\ A GQuS v Hmh A\ Axu? AuU
P mk \Uv ysh Gi |hvUP i? ]US "| Jzu
CUQ' G usou \Uvu GQx ! AUS Ai
Esh "|'&A, "|' A~zu "u' GP.
| "|', "|' G {u Au GQ?
Cxu "Au'. BzUS \ AuLPnvPz
uP |h u "|' G {x Au.
Ci Azu ]PUS P CUQ ,
GQ Ax u "|' G uxPx " Au' &
"u' \Uv ] zv "u o'
G \xsk. A ah "BP' G
u J Chzv \UQx. "|' G umiU
Psk u kxu xP "BP' GuS
Azu. Qg]z&\UuP (A \UuP) | "|' G
ukx u. B \Uv u "|'
] G uh UPzu \Qx? Auk
]zP, ] "|' G ku CzuP,
Aux \UvP CUQx ! "|' Gx ]USz uQx G Ax
\Uv u G zu? Au "|' Gu
u uP Cu |US | & AP CUS
\UvUQ !'' G A Da (]) ku
Ah BPP CUQx! "u' PP
C[P BP Gx ] u
P Aa \u G GvUQP.
P (P) b u ] u b Pz
uxPshxu A\u zv u A\, UPzv
A\x C; P, P A\zxU P Gx Cv C. B
Gsnu b nzv "|' G Gsn Hmh A\. ]
x A A\UP. AUS Au "|'
GQ GsnP A\zu.
EUSx SUPsk J xu "m' BQ
A\u C[P \ "u'. B\ precise-BPzu
Au zu miUQ. u x A\v.
Ax EUS Avx, Sx, x. |US |i
670
xiUP? Aimh pulsation-u u. zv C

uUPP, uUS HkQ A\ u; u m Bx.
i u. \u u
z[PQ, Avxu y xUP Azu Eshx. |
P Cu AzvS BuP xmhx. Hu J
m U (U P) h izx i
Hmhu, Ax Ax E Szu Au i HmiUP
sk. Ai HP Bu x u EUS m Bu
u.
B ]&\Uv G zu v zx \Uu uzP
soUPsk Q C[P "u' G \? ]
Au A\zuuPa \q. Aizu \UQ.
Aia \u zu v CuS E Azu
uzu, uUS Hk \zvP "u' G
zu UQkzx miUQ?
\Uui[Th A mk A G uP zx
xP UP i ! ] \Uv w Au
P\ , Au Pu , u Au x
, Au , \ Au
Jx J UP iui A \vUQP?
Au Ah A\UPP AUSz u Uim Pkzu[Th
A Ahx uP zxh ix. ] \UvPh
Cu A E | uzv Ai G| CUP sk.
(sk) ], \Uv GPh A E | uzv
Aizv G| CUP sk. uzzuU PuUQa
\x P ]UP, UuP uzuk E Pshk
wzv HUQ vP sqv J Bu
Qhu, J uzu xvUSx AuP zP
(GUS {) \u Auh B
uQx Gu, "]h A E\zv', Ax A ha ]
E\zv G \, AP UP i JP CUQP
G Gsnzu | uzv Ai Fh sk. Au
Eu Gsnzvu B\ "u ' BUSu,
\Uvu ] A\zu G AUS EzP \[Th
A\uS "\P' u UP zuP E v,
"Au AUS , P Cx A A\zu G Azu
Pkzxk ! Ax Thx. AUS E E A G Cu
Bzv Pmih sk' Gu E\U Sk
u G zu miUQ.
\nP E & a&1
671
P \ G Ax \, Av Cu "u'
G zu, internal vibration (Ev) GQ Pzx BQ Csk
U. Au zuu P u huu
P \ G AuS \ Au zuu zuPP
AuS Ai PkUP. AP ] u
PkzvUQP. "zP \' Gx J . _&v&\ G
uz[Pa \u Ai . "zb \z' G C
. i ] uzzu Bz G uxPu
"zb' G . "zb' G "Cx G zP x
Px'. Au u\zvS (\vzvS) C G
"u \z' GuS. ] \Uv J \u zv
BP (B' G A][P G Azu. Au zuUS
Ai Azu Qhx. B G vUQ, v
UPmh J G Azu. "' G P]x.
"P' GQ. P\zv vu B. Ai zv
BP) | v Czu zu g\ uuP
Au \v \. Aia \u P\ xUS
P, AuS v J CuPzu Gsn
EshS? Ci g\ zxUS CUQx G Ax
. ] AuS g\
u. Au g\ AuS uPa \.
B AuU P ] BUP snu ! P \zvi
]P mk ]&\Uv v \Uvu
B Eshx. B Ax[Th "m'kUS
"LU' G v AUS g\ C. H
AUS Gx CUP ix. GuS \UvP Au E
Cx Psk, Au u[QU Psk, Azu \zxU
PU Psk A CUQ & \Uv uz CUQx. "]&\Uv G
HPzvS Eu HP A|PQ E S, Aux uzv
Czu zu g\ Eh[QUQx. kx Gx
C. PsniUS J wzv v uQx & Psni
Cmh Au v Cu? Ai G Au \v
\Qx. "u' G zu zxUS , Aux AuS
P, g\ G Pmkx mk. Q ]
uzxzxUS , P \Uv Cx Auz uzzvx g\z
uzu Esksn; Au \Uv ] uzzuh
AP () Cxu G PmkQx. u Gx self
movement-I, P A\x PkuU Sx. z ysku
A\v.
672
\ u\[PUS |h B\ AzuzxUS
|UPP x u \z G Cu P \u.
iP Azu zu Ax \Qx. B B\
Pzu i z () G \x a \
z zv vu Cx zu G \.
Pzxz uzu EshUS , Pzu { \ Da
G B\ \ Csk uz[P C A|P A\[P
\zx "\Uv G Au u\zv \, ]&\Uv uzv
\, ]&\Uv uzv zvUQx. Av 36 uz
G \U Psk Sx u uz ]. Csh uz \Uv
G \[Th, Aia \h, "] uzzv[Th,
Aia \h, "] uzzv ]z\Uv EPx CUPzu
\Qx. "z'u (Bu z) ] uz Gx ]z\Uv Ti
z&]zuP Cxu. B z&]z Bu Gv Bu Gx
g\ |hPP \Uv kxu UPz
uu, u z&]zuP ] uz, Akzx Bu \UvP \Uv
uz G zvx' G UP PkzvUQx.
""]u zxh \u xv''

Azu UPzv P iuPUPP |h B\ Uv
UPzv, \Uv UPzv "u ' sqx P
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675
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685
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687
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695
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EPPP BPq P {UQPUSzu
\z [Pa \ skx , P ]
nP, |P |Q ][Pzv ] \[P BQ
"CUQU Psnmh' G "uz' G \ P
zi hzuPUS mku \sk. zu x
Tmhzv \hx.
B "u ' J uzzv \zzu[P
Aik, A mkmk Azu \x; v v EP P
A mk, (]zx) "i' soz u \x G
zxUPsh B uzzu[P A|P mh k; A|P
AP Pu PP mkk. Au UuP,
UuP J AUS, J AUSzu Cv
[P uUP siuQx. " |UPP USx
Cu a[PP, Ax zP (AP), PPz
ux Bx zu Ai' G G[P a\ UP
i & Aimh Ch[P uzzu, P C Gkzxa
\ UP. Ssh} P \[Pa \ aP[P
Au [Pa \, Uv Ena] EshUPUTiuP AP
nP E [P mk GkzxU Pmh.
uUS Azu \x Au uu A
g\ zv UQ Gx Aih
[PUTha \UP i? PmP "Ix
BP mk Psk EmPx? Auk g\ u G
APa \UQu!'' G {P GuPP zu
mhh? Au Chzv "Cv A~]u, z; CuS
Cii uzzu G Gkzxa \sk.
A u (B\) APPa \Q. A[P, Au
u wzu Gimhx u? z Dah ]
P[PUS Ai CUQx! GQ. A uzu | ]
vzx, Ax Avx P[P |US Q |h _
[P AizxUPsk uP zx | _zv uS
P Ci APPa \UQ. Cv |P&|Q Fh
P zu \Qx. |P |Q
A Fh ukzxuPP A P uu
A ] P[P Ah u wzuQx G \
\UQ! Cua \ P[PuP Ah \nu
|US S, S G x | ]zu AUSP }US Gu mk
700
Gia \i? Au Cu \zu si. B

Aia \x AUSP Azu[P soU Ph
| v UP u sk. ""| vPTh "C Ci
sqx?'' G \ US B mh Da
kQ Gvx B\ P Gzu ux? Auh |
Gzu UuUP sk G h skxu
"uz' G v UPzu zxU Psk Psk!
US v free licence PkzvUQx. G Uu,
P yP GP. J yP & o APUS
i |mh |k u G sk sn.
Uu P h w GkzxU PP. Uu
PP CP& B\ C[P Aizu CUQ& Uv
zxUS, P ziUS uumk J |PP uzv
Pkzx uvzv | \UThu ], \z
u[S ]UTha \P, ok, vu
Uzuk zu |[Th P GkzxUPsk uk
uzv \P. {u xv \x, \x( u)
uv Jzuz yUQ zx CUSx, Csk US
|k P mkx G AP squ | uP
{UPUThx. | Au UP imh[Th APUS Ax
u Gx JUP sk.
Czu H \Q u ' BUQu
aP Pzuk u CuPUS "G '
CUP.
("uz' Gu UPUS UP ush G
] QP. "Rapport' G J \, "Ax | zu u.
G GUS AzuPx' GQP. " CnUP' G J
\ Qa]hx, " CnUP G \x C
"]UQ' GQP.)
""] v, A z. Ah \Uv u A A\Q
G u aP \Qx. Cia \ shmiu
Bmi UQ GQx. z shmi Bmi UQi
BkQ. A umh A J \ ix.
A\UTh ix. "' GQ US kQ
GQx. Cx ! BUS u A a
\q GuPP Ci JiP SUP sk?''
G CnUP CuP {UPUTk. Ai PP
{UPUThx GuSzu uzzu, P BQ
C \.
\nP E & a&1
701
Cv uzzu, Pu ]z\Uv zuu

Pzv A\Qx Gx. u | G Ax ux Pu
Pu G \. Pu G Aih |QUS
Ah[QP |Pa \x u A A\zu C
A\Q G \x A[RPUz uUPuQx.
Ci Csk Aih UP uuk |
PPi ]&\Uv uz[Pa \ "P['PP
CUS.
\Uu uzzvS \
A\u ] Au A\x Pzv DkkQ G
u i Pg\ UQ zu: "mh' G uzuzua
\QP. Au "C' GQP. Aux
\ mhx mhiU Qhxu GQP. Au
"Cm mh' G \zxa \uP CUQx. B Aimh
Cm mh v \mk, v J \xu g\
EshUQu |Pz uQx. Ai Hu J &
\Uvu \u mha \USiP souP BQx?
Aua \u mhzu ] G Aua \UP US
\Uv \Uv, A G \UQx.
{a\ ], U |z[P Bzx AqUS E
q G u \zxUPshuSU Pn \Uv
UP i J \vUQP Gu A "mh', A
"G' G Aih UQa \. Cnu
Csk G AP Aih CskTh C Ju
Gu AhU "mh'' "G'uPa
\uU Pmi Evkzu.
B J z, z G, A[P J
mh G UQ A mh C k.
C[P ] \Uv Gx \au zP CUQP.
\UvP G mkU PshUS x ] mh
A Cx PsiUQx! H C[P "mh' Gu
hP C E "m'hP CUQx; Au, AUP iu
Bz uzP CUQx; \u nP CUQx. hzv Bzx
hzv ixk i mh[Th Cua
\uzvx uxu. Cx Ij, "B
m, Gi[h uP Au \u Buzv
UPP z v miUQP. B Au h
GUm so {UP, A~UP ix.
702
u~hzvu Au {n, z A~ QhUS.

US uzxUS kP Cu J
Pmki A|P CUQ. Ij ii vx
|hx Aq Ba]U PskiP u \z[P & SP Azu
uu \Uu P & \uSU QmhU Qmh x
PsiUQ.
Pzv "h' "' G Eh Gx uh
Buzv zP Cu. "i'P Ca \u
G J Kmhzv KkQx Au Kmhzv uha] Ax
Ax z v |hUS CUQx Gxu | x Psh
mk "ii v'. u J Bu z; Aua
\vu z vz uUSiP PzxU
PmkQxu Cu P G Azu \Qx. Au
P A \Uu \z[P SkuPa \.
uzu "ii' G PuS { ChUQu? Cu
iUS
Bu
"Am'
G
PskiUP. u P uz \v[P Auzu ,

] GQ. (u "', uz \v "LL' G J
Sk \mh |h uzv Cu Csk UP i
(]zx) ]&\UvP v J \xu CUQ. uPzv \x
mk; Au Amh P Bz P A~zx
CUQP. Axu EUP EP CUS J Es
E.
Au Cx \. C imP
G "v' Au JUP | u, Au proof G[P
zvzxUS u \. Auz ux P Bz
\vzvS [P Gu \ siUS. \Uv
"i' \ |hPzv ]zu vPU Pmi
US, Pzv Azu \zu \zx JiPa
\gUQ Cu a \UP \kzv { u
uxPsk "Am'hP BuS \ Au BPx. Ax
. u \v[P Au a \. A
\, A \Q | , Ph] "goal'&BP
CUQ Chzuz vx kx Au, "Am'ix zx
mk soz u i Auh \zx
UP i?
GUS Aush CUS zv |
CzxU S \x u. Au v PP u[PUS J
G PmiUQx Gu x P sk. AuS Awu
\nP E & a&1
703
[Pa \ \v[P G AP {x u.
Csk PshP JU P Cmk {U Psk
Pi G Gsn Csk uUS CUP sk.
PskiP \z uzzu[P Gi
\UQ G zu Gzu ] [P
APk.
zhuP: J AqUS i GUmi \Q
z U h ] G, Aua _ |Pi
\ GUm A G zxU Pmh.
"i h' GuP GuS zP J \u uUQx.
\mh Ax \Uv ` GuU PUP
sk. | Pzu GhU Pmk "DU' Cimh \u
uu; J uzuzv P Sx JPk "h AL
Ui' \u uu. [P Th "h h' G
CUQx. z J \u uzvx \Uv , mh,
izu uzu[P AQ, P[P \UvPP |hUQ. Au
\uzuzu ] G, Au PU Psk _ kQ
\Uv A G \x.
JUS US i, Aua _ |Pi Gu
&A G USx Csk , Cnx \
QP G A PkUPuu C uPa
\UQx. Aux J zvx, x _x
GuS v Csk v, v G \UQx.
Axu Azu|a & x UP i , Chx UP
|Pi A. Cia \v i Pn uQx
G, Chx UPu u CUQx? u US
Axu \Uv uQx. Ax P \mh x UP
J sn ix & ""| P S\: vx'' u!
Cv J G Chx UP uu
u US \Uv PkUQx G, J uzv Chx UPzu
h x UPu v zuk, "'k PzxUS EuuP
CUQx. PP \ x UPu EPuuP CUQx. x
P \ iQ v Chu ix. |si "' Th x
Pzu zxUPP FU Px! |h "ChxP Eu'
x P mk FU PsiuP i zvUQP!
Cv Au \Uv u Guz uuP J
A\UQx. \zv x&Chx UP [P Gx Gx |hzv
Pm \Qx G zu, x UP zu
704
Chx UP Pm sqQx G, Chx UP zu

x UP Pm sqQx G uQx. Aux v
\UvPPU P sq |h \zv ] kUS Ai \Uv
Pkzx Pm sqx \Uv h GQx.
Cvu Ah vz (P |) AS CUQx.
Au vUS \UvUQ, uh A
\UuPU
PmkQ.
Ah
ush
AQsh[P QkQk |k[Q izx Si Ai
J \Uv! ushu G. Buz ush \u
"Ah v\ QkQh' G PUn v iUQ!
A | \ sk & Ah h izx J
z mh x, mh B Pmk \Uv zu,
CUS nzv Pmh, |k[Si CUQx! J A
mh Evx Qx! a J
]a ]zu Gzu " 'US \Uv mk
z[P Q! vUS Amh \Uv AP uQ!
"\Uv G s uzxhuP CUQx.
AiUSx sP "A' "' G \ BsP
AhUQ x AU GQP CuU PUP sk. \Uv G
s Pkzu Au \v[P u \Uv aUS AvP
\Uv ux, A AhUQ zx C Ah[Q G, u
Ah[Qx, Aixu sPUS AS G Pmku
\Q. ]uzv zu u. \ g\
Uz AUPxu. Au A[P A |hUSU
Pkzxmk, u \uP CUQ Ch u C.
J \zv v v, Chv u G CUSx xUP AvP
\Uv uQ G. x UPzu un P G, Chx UPzu
P G \x, "un' G vk Tix.
zuP x UPzvS Ai CUQx. "' G
APP Cx. AQP, uP A Cu AUS u
G B\ "u ' souPP AS u
P AhuP CUQx. \Uv G C \Uv vUS
AvP uxmk, u UP uP {Q.
A A\u, Cu A\UQ GuS K P Cx
(un, G Qu zuP) CUQu, u,
C[Q Aik P CUQx. &Ch Gv "'
G "' u! "Ch' Gu CP CUQ u, h.
"h' G A\ Cx G u Azu. C[Q
C J i UQx. "Lm' Gx "' BQ J
\nP E & a&1
705
\x G Azu a \x ux G, Ax
"U'U Sx G \QP. "m' Gx "mm'
umhx G |P \[SzuP Cx G Azu G
\QP. "m B[Q' GQ x Cu Azu uQx. Av
RUPmkUS 90 iQ J \[SzxU Pk {Qx. JzuUS ,
\Uv Cuu |P P {P i? \Uv umh _sk
kzx kQ. Sxx xS T Qx. |P {x
\P Ah. u \Uv, \Uv Csh Cnzx
Azv \uPP i P \U PkUSx
u |P, {x {Pzu PU PkP. AuS Ezu
G . BP "m' G \Uv, "Lm' G \
Qhx GuP A& uz[PUS |vP CUQx! A
u \Uv vUSU Pkzxmk, uUP \
Ah \nPv snmh vuP Cua \Q
v!
Lm, mi m [ Ciu iU zu
Lim & Chx\& Pm]Pu J m] soU PsiuP,
mim & x\ & Pm]P, CUQ i CUPmh' G PiP
\u uP CUQx! C[P UP ] \u, Ch
UP \Uv Pz xi Gx zuP CUQx!
uzzu, P , BQk iU Psk
xmh! [P BP vuS Ci
uzv Azu Pkzuu iQx!
x&Chx P C \. zv uP Cx
v zv ChuQ kQx; Au v Cv Chx Av uQ
kQx. {Sn \u G Azu uz U
Psni vUSx zu Pzu { \ Sn
Qx G Azu \v[P J PP Esk. Aux
]u U Psni ux AQ! Au
G G Pmh Azuzv, G G PmPu! H Ax
G \ ix. Axu squa\! | Au
G x P k? G izx kP. \Uuzv, "Au
Au. Ah J A\u G \UQx.
\; \Uuzv, ] P kzxQ Pmhzv
u Qx G \. USzu ] Gx
u UQ zvxu . CUQ \au x ]
USz uui, C Ax Q xUP CuP
USz ui \xxu \Uv . C[P
&v Gx i i & |Pi Psk kQx.
706
B v \x GUmi i&|Pi. Cx
\x LhUL i&|Pi. Lh
i a\ a\P, Cmk CmhP Ei CUS.
|Pi a\ CmhP, Cmk a\P CUS. Axu
Cx CuuP, Cux CuP uQ Agb;
P! Cx | Cu Agb ua \U Su
AvU Qhuu CuS Au Pnu A
UP , G \Q.
B J UPhx, UPhx. Auu HP
\ i \Q. Cuu CuPU Pmi
sq A J| Pnk Au CuuP so,
CUQ J | JPa \UP \. A Pv G
Ah P izxU Psk PPzu, hiP
izxUPsk & \ si {a\ Ai A~U.
Cia \UPsk Qx i, |Pi P
C m APkQx. Cu Csk zuPUP G
Azu? i G Cx; "' Gx. "|Pi' G
Cux; "|' Gx. \Uv Gzu |u \au zP
Cx C. Au A |Pi G \ sk. ]
\uu \au zP G Cx. BP i. B
Ci |PiPUP BuuP CUPmh | Au
i IUkzxP CUQ...
GUS HPuuP CUS \[P , uzzu,
P uU Pmi HSiP snUTi Ai
UP. B x \uP GQ z, uz,
z [P, ] Pu nP Aik uh
mkh sk. E\u {P |a \ uP Hmh
uzzxUS Azu \ , PmPUS u
[P, APUS u EshUSQ [P,
AP P u i [P \x
S; AUS B\US sq A\.
u aPzv h
""Eh \vmh ] A\U Th i''? G
B\ BUS u PmQuS EzuP, | GkzxUP
si Eu\P, hP, GUS G uQu,
""Eh U Cmh |[P Au A\u {
Ahi?'' G | \ A PmuPzu uQx.
A\uu A\zu \Uv A & zxUSz u CuPz
uu Ena] A\x A Bzux!
\nP E & a&1
707
u aP PmkQi, uz u AxP
] Bv \ Au |hUQx. A \zxUS
\P JiP |hxu |h {z \ UP x
ivUQx! zvx & PzxUP Cua \[P
An Uzv Aux iiPU R {PUS CUQ 36 uz,
24 uz G J \vzv JuPa \UQx.
Cu A nzu Evolution GQP. h \x C: A
Ex n ua \Q. Cx Ea\o
{x ux ux |US \. uz
PQ Avx uz[P "C' Bu,
Aux Eshu Cu "C' Gx. Cx uz
| uzQ Au | { { Ahu |US . Ci,
Pmh G EP kx Bn. zvx
& An; x & Bn. Bn H
\ & Pu{ G Hx. An C[S \ {uP.
"' u C[Q C[Q "' Bx u . C
AhuS Cu "' x Pu{ P H "' BPq. Hx,
C[Sx Gu h x, Ah[Sx Gx C Pz
uQx. Pmkmk, Aux x x
PzxUPu C GQP. x Esh
EPmk mkU Sx P Ah[P sk. Cu
"C' (Involution) G APPa \QP & ux _[Qa _[Q
involve BQU Psh u zv ixkx. CuS |
A] sku G Ax mk ux. Amh
x Cu |P C B Ax |P soU
P A {zuP so Hmhxu?
AiUSx | mk zv Gi P
C BP i? P zx |hP & & \v A
|US
squP
m
Pkzvx
uu | (P BQ) Uv vzxU
Pskh ix. A A~Uzvu Au vzxU P
i. Gu \Uv izxz u Axu i
EUS CzxU Psk BP sk. ma sozu
L _ BUQu A Au L uP {P i?
x izxzu Au {zv UP i? Au m\
sozu Au {zu sk?
] CUS Au Pn G B\
Bzvv AuS UPP & J P_ Cu AuS Csk
UP CUQ v, UPP & ]P C
Au Pn; AuPP A Q | si si
708
sk G | GUS A Eu]uPz ux P
sk.
Cv | kuS Ch PkzvUQ G. G
, Gi kx G P Uv, b, P G
E u Pu. A UP
CUPmh Uv n z u u PmiU
PkUQ.
Gmhu uzzu | US Gmki J A
zv zu x, Auz uz | Gmi iUSi C[Q x
k. Ai UQxu Uv. Au Uv zu u
x[P J z UQU P zv Px B\
Cu uzzuU PkzvUQ. z Q u
""]:\Uz'' G Gkzu Gk A&A i u\
sqzvUQ. Ai squ AUS \Uv uP
A CUQ Ah EzPzu PmiUQ.
Aii Psh AQsh

u} u \n[P
g]: ] \v P & AP >
z| \: Pu n ]
:z| v uzy| v >> 2 >>
(u) Ex (\n [P ) u u Esh (u})
P ~sou () y (g]:) (g])
vzx (Auz Psh)(P) G ESP (AP)
P (\v) {oUQ. (H) Cu (uy Aux
AuU Psk hUPmh ESP) (\:) q (Pu)
G (n ]) B uP (v) u[SQ.
(H) Cu (:) zv (z) |S iUQ (u Ezy
v) v} ]UP (v) A~iUQ)
Cx Cshx aP. u aPzv "" & & g\v
Bz'' G \u C[P uzx, zzvP
Ah U \zu (A v) u u[Ph BUP,
Pzu, Azu G P[Pa \QP GQ.
Ah J u yU Psh Czu
P[P hUQ! "' G u y. Au u
y[ Th isk y GuPz "u}' G
miUQ. zv n \Uv J GkzxU Px
\nP E & a&2
709
Au uzv izu y v|S P iUS u

uzuzuU Pkzx kQx! Cx i \.
A . Au z| G \k q J
u A \zxU PsiUS Au & (Aux) Bv\.
A B u u[QU Psk UQ, Cu P, Cx
Ah Au J A[Uq (Aii) u! qUS C[P
"\' G \UQ. vUPsnzv \
G US . x\zv ` GQ
P uu Qn zUS \ G . US
Au PkUP {sk. CUS A Asn u Ax
AvP {[Th! A u\uzv JP \Q. \u
G \Q. Au q \Pa \, A
B u P[Pz u[SuPa \x u u?
zu P Uu BUQu
]UP Gu \Qx!
u u[SQ G P[P Esk P
vkzvz yUSQ Gx | Azu. Ezu UQ
Gu. ""Pu'' & ""Gi'' & CuU Pzu A sqQ G
(B\) \Q. Ph uu; B Gi (Pu)
Au vUQ G uz. uyz Psk i
P squSU "Pu' h; A z
squa \x h. C[P mk miUQ.
H i Gx Pg\ | so ix Q P.
AuhU Sa\ | ix! J EshUSuh
Ax u? B Pz Gxu }sh P
& P[P, P[P & sn siuUQx. Czu }sh P
q Pzuz u[SQ Guu C[P zv "Pu'
miUQ.
Ph u y ] u , Ax
U. v| PP BQ Ah u y
q ] UQ.
C ] UQ Da [Pzv
zyP ]U PsiUQ. " } ] '' G
n \. uPiP Da \zx
hUQx! u y \xu\ P[PP B?
Pzv Au Da i iP so,
"CuS A uyu Cx Axu'' G Gsnzv
Au \ ]UPQ!
710
\UPa ]u Ah uzv y zv
]PzuUS. uu A uzv u zx |P
sqx Aua ] i A Smi S[SP
JmiUPQx G |zv Qx: av u y Uu
u yP. AuU S[S iP J A U
vP EUQx! uP v, A uPU
S[S Pkx UP. C[P A S[S US
vQUQx.
vzvP A BvUQP G aPzv
\mk C[P APh (vzvPh) Uz[Pa
\u Au Bu P Ah A~U
zv u AP CuU P[Pa \ iQx G Es
uUQ {Qx.
uzv uh[P?
u aP [P aP vx. Cshvu uz
& "hUm'& BUQu \ uy k
BzvUQx.
" u nu uzvx BUPsk? v
uzvS ] A Bx u? H zP
soUQx?' G u.
A[P A[PP J Bh zu ozxU Psk
Sx u ( uzvS) uv P\, (s uzvS)
P\v u Gx. C[P Cu "Bu ' U, Ai
uzvx Bzx \ ozxU Psk uP
aP[P C. "u ' G \k
Uu \U QP A[P n x. A[P Gi
u Ai ] Qhzv BzvUQ; A
C[S \P u Psk izvUQ.
n nU Q G GkzxU Pux Guz
u u Au uzu iUPzu P sk. \nPv
G x uzvu. Uu ] uzu zxzu S P
u w Pkx. A AUS A; SUS S. Au
""A!'' G A PU PmiU Pu \, S G w
Pmh \ uzuzu iUPq. BP (uzvzu) Ci
Bx xu.
CTh, ] \UvUu G \Uv ]Uuu.
AP Azu|aPP Cu ] U P\vu
\nP E & a&2
711
n sn {sh Ai J xv B\
\vUQ. Au {zv A uvP\PUTh
oUPu. C[P Ai n uhx Pmh
uzv Bzuv ]P (]hx P)
A Cu Pmi v zxU P.
Gu zvS Bzu "Ai' G \x UP &
"Aix ~' G \Q. Au v A "Ai'
BzxU Psk xu ?
Akzu Csk aP[P[Th Ah uzu
\Q. viUS Ai y u
\mk A vi a \Q.
C& | u Cni i
viz y G A~U \Qu
aPzv \Q. g\ UP Au G
Cshx aPzv \ g\zv PUS Ax
Gi
A~UUQx;
g\zvu
kzx
A~UUQx. G \Q.
Az| Au & v & & z|P
Az G Agb Ax J Cmk; "v' G
aPzv \US Cmk, gvP E Bz
uui Agb Cmk \Qx. Ci AgbP CPUS
u u J P\ |P v b a\zu
A uy PkUQx. "' G . "z |P'
Gx J w |P. Eu Pzv zu z
zvUS J wx GQv u. Au zu C[P
\UQx.
""Agb uUS P A uy CUQu
\ x! " EvUQ wUS |PP' G?''
G {P hu \QP: ""v zw|P''
G. v Ezw|&P G v . "Ezw' G P\Pz
ysikx. BP Ci zxU Psh "Agb' G
Emh UQ b P\zuz ysi k ' G Azu
PkUS.
g\, {g\ G Csk, g\ [Pk
umh Sn "g\'. g\ AuS x
Aimk zuzUS {Sn {g\.
g\ i vv [PUS A uyU
712
PnPU \ v aPzv A Sn PU Pmi.

Cu aPzv A }US P\ G \,
{g\P, {Sn PU PmkQ.
AUS Azu { xzvU Psk A xk! Uv
uz
x
k!
Eh,
"zu
zv
CUQPUP \ u? Au Gxu iu i
z, Au (Azuzu) GUS A[P[P
uUPzu sk u snhx' G zuP
av CUQk! Aizu C[P Az u {zvua
\mk, Pzv G B\kQ zv\zu, Ia
BQa \ BUQ.
Az Gx Bzz ux Psh Pz u UQ
Azu izvx. zvP, PmiUPP[Th
Azx kmhPP CUP mhP. A u
(y) Azu UQ Bz b P\zu AUQx G Ea\
uzua \uS A AuS Akzu i Ax zv P\
Eu zu bzu u zvPUS PkUQx GQ.
h| \u&uP&Pu&v
"h|' G "h' v A vzx CPUS. AP
A sk UQP. AiUSx AuS A
uy J u zu LhP a]izx _P
sqQx. "Pu v' G u zv Lh.
u Ax J zvu F? C[P Aimh
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u; B\ ; Ai {zuu A\;
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s US Csk \P. Su
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CUQ. J] z[P AUS Chx UPzv ]
x UPzv uP P Cu UQ. Axu
`x . ` G \P. B
\nP E & a&6
727
Ch[P US x UP ] Chx UP
uP P CUS. Ax Bvu AUP Hmh
uP GP. Cu v uUS Csk u~ &
C Bx J zu Bx J G uQx.
Ah A zuxu. ""S:'' Gx
"A'zv A P J. "S': . "C' : A.
"S:' G nUP. |h aPzv "g\ ]P:'
G Qx. Ix n[P G Azu. Gzu n G PnUSU
PkzvUQu J Gu Bx G \. unP
P Azyo HPmh n[P zvP. CUP
Iu n[Pu ! A \P UP ! Au Ix UP Au
(u), A\P, ù (), |P, }z G G
"A'zv CUQx. Ix n[P Eh G Azuzv
"g\\' G uUS Av J \UQx.
Pi (Pizu) Cu . Iu Ix
n[Pu. Au n[P, "APz xzu' G
EzvTha \Q, Aiz xUPU Ti G
zu | UQx ! i xz uUS
[P CUS n[P ! Szvz xuS v GUS zu
zvzv Gkzx | A[P ~m Pso
JU P sk G ua \Q ]z n !
A mh |s sk, Ax G G zu
\P u~ Ai ~PU SUP \UQ skP, uskP.
""C mk Pg\ zxQu ! Pmi u[P
iu !'' G C u "hPm'h (S) BU
PmkuPP Hmh. hPm Bh sk mh
u Gi |s C nzu hi? C GuS
CUQ P & Ax & n C
Puzu zxUPsk [P \x PsiuSzu.
Pzv Azu vzv nzvS Auz vzvz u
. Ax \UPUS P x & aPzv
Gu P Gu Qx. A P
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\x \u. ]P x v Ena]P A Gx.
AUS Gv zzvS E ] EPa \Q.
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PP
]''
G
zP
]u Azu? Au Jzuh \shmk UP
Q P Bu so GkzxU Psk
zuUS ! u |PU Pu GkzxU Psk
Q !
728
Pzv x P. Pzv x . J
Cu Au mh J Pk k. Pg\ umh | P zu
xk. ]v ! x \P, PP Cu Av
AuPU Pg\ _US CUS. G a
\PQU SzxQx. g\ zu \\, P Pg\
P, | P Cu PUSU PUQ.
Px P\P\ AuP CUQx. u
_zu, _, x, AS G GP CUQx. J
~ G Pmhu Ah Ps mk Gi ~mP,
J y] mhTha ]UQ AUS P CUQu, Ai
sk ia_P vUQ B v zv Th
x u v \P, xP CUQx. Aimh zv
Ix uUS nu G iUPu?
Ix n GuP IP J CUPzu.
Au, A\P, ù, |, }z BQ Gux Guu
CzzvS EP GTha \xsk. A P Cu g\
n[P |zv g\v ukzvzu
\UQx, ""g\ Cz[P A~UPk Ix
u[P \u, \, , , Pu GQ.
Ix n[P IU Su Au nzuz ukzx
QuS BuP u~ Gx? g\v[PUS Bu
u ! ""| Push'' (zv E P
Eh) G u \mk Au | ""g\
uz P'' GQx.
J J Cv P Cx mk. Gu
J zv g\ uzP umk kQ.
u A[P sk xk. g\ uzP zxUP
|P Cu J. J Ax zv sokQu |
{UQ UP. \zvS xP, zv APP,
uz uuP, | Pu _uP \u Uzu
mk uv? AuU Szu Auz ui sk
uh [P \uzu zv sqQu | {UQ UP.
""Ai ! P !'' G A\u[P mkU Psk Q
\shUPP C [P [Ru k sk |nk u
\shUS Q !
""u~: xP g\ ]P:'' & Ci u~, Au
|n, A Gx UPP Gi CUPq AuS zP,
EU A\, CUQ. J & ],
\[Q UP APUSU P PmiUPsk, B |
\nP E & a&6
729
hPP E u G S{ P zv u[P
P ìUPsk xsk. Ai CuU PUS
AhhP x mk h C G zu,
A[P Hu !
""u: u:''
u u, Ahk, Tmh u
G. u P J BUv GkzxUPsk [PUSU Pzuz
ysimk uUS sn u G TmhPU
Th uPa \P. S, uP
CUPmh "C' Gu zvP C A. A
xmh Cvu [P a\ m
mkUPsk { PkUP Bzxk. HPP UP
Bzxk. " ' G \u xUS J .
EU, S Pk PsqUS USUS uP
CUQ x Ax. Cu Sn[Pk J \shUPUSU TmhP
iUPu? BU|z, Ax Eh
mk zx SiPa \Q uz kx
\zUP UP. C[P U ûnzu
u \z zv Th Q ! u H Q u
G zu C ] Qx! !
" z Bu| u:'

"Bu' & zuzvP; "u:' & u; "z' & u GQ
v x _Q P. Aux \u k
SS _Q u. gasP U Psk uS
v Cua \shUP u uzu uUQ
UPsk Q. "u' Gu Ax EU,
v G uQx.
Bu[P PsqUPx , A G uzv uu.
P u x, H Q u u PsqUP u!
mh mh {Q [P S xu,
nUP Bu zxzu u uu x
P sk. uP | kuU Psku u uz u
vu x P sk. mi v AzxU Psk
Q "h[U'SUS v Ci J \z !
Gh ]z, & Au zu CUQ,
u, A Gi CUQ?
730
u
""A|[P:''
A A[PP CUQ. u, u, , Pu, P

Gi AUS A|P Cu B\ Azu iku Cu
Chzv A[P G UQ Gkzx miUQ.
Au US G Azu? "A[P' G "A + A[P', Aux
A[Pu. Cu u. a A P
souP A AUS i Pkzu
PkUP. APzxUP sou Ai souP
CUP sh Ah zv EzxU
Pkzxmk Ezu i izxU PkUP {zvU
Psh. Ah z vh uzv AUS mk
A zuk ui A~Uzu. m, k
u force P PTh & Cx A J force - BP zu.
zu G | iP, Pn PnPU PP,
mh\mh EhP C. \ UQmkU Psk,
zu ki C. | Pu zu Ai
Cux mk. B~P Cmh \PUTh
"u' G Pmh J EUQ ! "E' G
\kP CUQ !
uUS , "|a\' \x guess
soU P. uz u k ux
ux P. Cu A[PPa \zxU Psk
A[QP CUQ, Azu J uzv guess & sn i
J A[PP CUQ. ux P i E SxPsk
BmkUQ Av force !
Gzu iUP? \ Cu Jzu \Uv Cu
EPn[PU Psh Pzu UQ !
v Pzv aUS , \Uv u
u~, Q |s, z q A, \vP u
\U, uzumk, vP G \ux. Aix
Au kzvU P A J ] ]zu.
Au ! P Pz yUQ Sv, h. _ ]zu.
"\Uv E zxU PsiUS GUP u G
CxP vUQ? G {zxa ]zxU Psh. Eh
zP QmhP !
\Uvu EPn[P Cx A A \x
P zu. \Uv Cu EPn[P zxUPsk
u UQ. CsiS Pn Ju ! J Au !
\nP E & a&6
731
US E A \UvP CxPsk () vzxU

Pkzu. C[P uUS A u \Uv \ Phzu
A~Uzu Pz v A \UQUQ.
J v EPn[P zxU Psk, A
Ehu A[PP Cuv, ""uu'' & Ci Cu
v, ""HP:'' & u J zvP CxPsh & US u
G J Tmh Cu , B, Sv Gx,
""P U'' & G \z uu E U Hu
Pg\zu & ""E'' Gx A; ""Qu !'' G Tmk,
""Eh U Hu Pg\zu & GQ. AuU U
Ah Phzv u u ""u A[Pz z''
GQ. ""A[Pz u'' G aPzv u, ""u'' Eh',
""A[Pz''&Phzu' G Azu \xP sk.
Ah Phzu Hu Pg\ U u
uP, z EPn[P zxU Psk ""Pvu'' & ""Cu
Pz'' & Cu Pzu, ""'' & Pzx , ""u'' &
zxkQ.
Ci iUS A~U sqx g\zua \u
P. CuS Ph\ x. z Gx y &
& Pn \[P {Pn so ({Pzx) Pn P
{x. Ax {g\zv \US P. AuS A E
n\UvP Cx |hzvU Pkzuu i. z u
so CuU P u so AuSU Pn
Ah Cu n \Uv zvh C u x
A~U \Uv Gkh A[Q xu.
P zuu, A A UP zuu, \x
Auk mkhUThx. A | zuP sk; P
soP sk. Da zv AuS A E { \Uv
PkzvUQ Gu C[P | bPkzvU P sk.
|US six Au A~Uu. BUQ \Uvu AUP i
GuPPzu C[P B\ BUQ \Uva \x.
AUS \Uv Cu EPn[P A uvx Eu
uzzv u. A zxUPsk zuu AUS
A a\u UQ G AhUP CUS. Cmh
A xk G Pn Cu v UPU
Pkzux.
A[P A J Pzv [P u \
uu. ""u v'' G CUS \ CuSU
Pn AUS A AQ u \ uxu. Au
732
A AUS Ax Cux. Ax uP
`zh AvmkU PsiuP. DaUS J z
Eshu
Ù
P
iu,
Ax
unzvPz uU Pzvu DaUS u SP
Auzvu Ah z uUP sk
suh \ A zuP. |h aPzv
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A GkzxUPsh A|P Au[P Cuxu Da u
u u somk, A Ah
Psk Pn \xPshu Au C[P mhv u
zu CUQx. Ax Pu. u uP h a[P
Gsnzu EshUPa \ u AP. "K ! | a
PUQ UPUTi \Uv? G A
AUSa \ux. "u' G "U PUSQ' Gu
Azu. Phu "u' Gx. "v u' G (PhU
Phuua) \Q? u sq u,
PUPiu U uu U PUP i G
Azxh . A G Ba_? A C Cu Ch
u _UQmh. k A zx Pkzu. B
Cx u Gx i G A AUS
miux. A A zx Axu UPU
P ""P'' G nP B Ax u
n P nP Cu Au \Uv u
A uuu G uxP. Cu AhUPzxh
u ux PsiuuP Au nU Pu PmkQx. ""G
\Uv UP QUS'' G Cx A h
P, ""G u A~U \Uv GUS [Qzu Qx !''
G ""m'i , Ai zu. Aux A
]|zU u AUS u \Uv Cu
A Q mhx. uh zu
AUQu A P sku, i A
A Ezux EUP mk \u EhU
PkUP. (]zx) Ezu "EhUP' !
EP somh.
"US Bu' G . u va
\uu. y u y G AuS . Pg^zv u
{ si u J ChzvSz y G . uu u]P
A[Pu u. PP u squPP J u
zu AvP mh. AuS DkPkUP i A A
P xu. A ux ""ux !'' G A zu.
\nP E & a&6
733
A[P US Bu G {zxU Pmi. A

v C[P vzv P Cx z
\Uv BuUQ. z \Uv Ph \Uv
uUS BuUQx.
AUS uuu AuU Phu. AU
|zzu v UQu, Au \ A Au |zzu
zu. Eh uUS E xmhx. "P' G US J
Azu uh Azu, Phzu, P Esk so
Gxu.
""]U P ua \ux''
PUSa \Uv u uu PaQ u
P |h uz AU Szuu G Cu aP
KUS |P ukzvkQx. Cu UP Ehzxa
\. xhP, P Pzu UQ & ""Pvu
A|[P u'' & G \UQu u Da zuuP
C. Au AUS Hkzvz uuxu
Pa U . Aua \. P u |hu
zv, Aux A Dah ux, ux mk
E Cx zv AUS Hmiu v
Auzuzu "Qu' GQ PmkQx. k
Ah Psk Pn soU Psh[Th AuU
P PP, Ah P, \v. Ah
_zu , A so Azu uu
unzv CUQU Pn uP BUQ G AuU Pu
Qx. ""Pu'zv \, Pu "S 'zv "Ahm'
soUQ uu Cxu. u aPzv P
P UPa \Q CUQu u Da
A zx UPa \uuP C. q kzx
AuU P \uuzu A[P \UQx. A (q)
Ch u. P zP Ah u C
uu CUS G sk. A Unu
sox u AUS z G P u.
BP AUP A |P ] UP so G,
Azu , P[Th u UP
sqQ Gu zx zu A[P \UQx.
"u ' G E Ezu Pzvu u
zuua \UQx. A Ssh[P Csk. A
Ah Psni v Pzv Pmk v Ssh[P
Csk GuP Cu | | \UPU Psh Ah P
734
G uzv HUPsk u Dah \shUS Q

J aPzv (59) Qx. A Da US n
Da u \ n P G J aPzv & (\
]zx) Csk aP[P (52, 58) Qx. uzv Qx, n
P sox mk A zumk
P ku J aPzv (86) \UQ &
Ah \[P Q[,Q[ G \vx u k
Pu GQ. B Cu Pzv Au
(] u zu ) \. P AvP
PzvP Au \xmhUQx !
G \ u, | uzzv uu Pa
Gu C Ehzxa \, B |P
Fzxki Cx aP[P Pkzxmh. C PUP
UPsh u, Akzu aPzv z aP v
hP Pa zu ozxkQ.
""], \UvPP C ]\Uv JP''

Pa G Pa ThU Pmi, Ah Chx
i A Cx n Cuu UP , B
], ]z[P Ai sqx A ! yP Au
v soU Psn zu AUS Uz v
US mhz ux PnUP.
Pg^zv Au mku uUQ? AuS
Pnsk G Pa G Jzu |k |PP EmPzv
zx AUS [Pzv A G Ah Ch
uu S. Auu xP a
Eh, u G A mk PmkuP CUQx.
J "\g_'US Pa u PaP x mk
UPmh GTh CUQx ! Csk |UQizxU Psk
J v |S Bu[P izxU Psk EmPvUSx
Csk u~, Csk n G UQP Sui ]
sqx, ]z kx Phu. AuU Phzu \zx APP
soU Pmkvu Pb GQ z CUQx !
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xkQx ! JzvPU Pmimk Au a \
Guu G P, a, u, zu,
ih G P \uUQx ! ~qUPP
z \zzu zu aUS u~ & n & \ &
A[S\[Pk, C | PP uP & A & & A &
BQ Esk. Auk () na \zv izxU
\nP E & a&6
735
PsiUP sk. u z u Csk P izxUPsk

EmPvuP, a x P izx Chx Pz
u[PmkU
PsiuP
UQx
u.
Pah [Pzv PaP Ex (u~ n & \ &
A[S\[P uzu) | P, B Cu x P izx, Chuz
u[P mk EmPvuP UQx. x Pz u[P
mkUPsk Chu izxP Psi. izxU Psh i &
Csk "i !' & Au iu A EmPvx.
z aP G zu u () zu, a
Csk v [Pzv (CuPa) \, u
zvPzu \UQx. zzv Avuu G zx {
| z, G JPkzu six Cmh
zvPa \u "CskP' kzxQuPzu BS?
A zv HPzvPa \uS u
B\ UvP {[Pmi J aP (23) PkzvUQ. J
zv Azu |a zv v Chx UPzuz viU Pshx
mk AUSz vv u. Au Ah x
UPzu A Px Pnk kQ. Auu HP
zvPz uhu Ana ] {P CxPsk, B
Da nP {UPk h |z (|UPs). \zP
BQ uzxUPsk Pm] PkUQ !
Ah E UP[P J "DaUSzu
uP (P) Qhu ! P Qhu ! A A
Pkzxzu AUS Hmh? BP AUS P A
G sn Hx? HUPsk A~U G P
snu BUS \Uv Hx? Au Aa \UP sh.
P CUQ AUS mk sn G
zvUQx.
Ci u A[P Cu A~zu z aPzv
uzv B\ J sqx A zv (Pa
uP C) ozx soUQ.
]&\Uv G Csk zvPzu uzzu Bzu.
B ] \UvP CUPmh J zv xvxu .
BP, A A G iPa \ BUPq, Ah
[P ui va \ BUPq, Ah
vz ui v u \ A Aa \q
G {zx u aP \u, A "Ch A
"' soU P hhx G A zv ozx aP
PkzvUQ & ], \Uv G Csk , ]\Uv
J mk \. (Au aP Akzx x)
736
"" n''
""Unz & Pg^ & u P & P & S & u| & |u
n z nu & \a\z & u| >
u~ & n \ o uu| Pu:
uz Bu |: vx & P >> 7 >>''
(Unz) QQUS (Pgû) oa ]P Au Jmina
\mh Aou, (P & P & S & u| & |u)
Szu (u Sh h) {Pzu |Q n[Q
(Eh), (z) Chu\zv (n) P Czu,
(nu & \z & \z & u|) \z Pzx n \v Pzv,
(u~n \ o A) , A Ck \ A[S\[P
(Pu:) Pzu[P (uu|) izxU Psi, (vx:)
v[P Azu (]) (BP) A[P
i (Aux AP) (|:) |US (uz) Gv (Bu)
Gumk.)
Unz Pg^ u. "Unz' G \[P QqQq G K\
sqx. \uzu zu, xUS \ "\u~Pn'
zu, \[P Pmi JminzvSU "Pg^' G .
Jmin "P'. Av \[P Pmiu "Pg^'. |zv
""nzQ[Qo P'' G ""Unz Pg^ u''u
\UQx. \[P o G \xsk. Au Pg]
oP G \x. u g\Pzv "oP' J.
Av Pu|QP oP Ph] Pg^zvSzu x
A[P g\zv PhmkU Psiu UPUSz uhu A
zvzv B mh G \UQx. Ax zu ua
\ P. Au oP Pg^zv J zu Sh
w UP Ahu CUQx. B A
zvzvx A A mh \ |h A
P so U P souP CUQx ! ""C | |
Psh Gs|S A C' G P n \
CUQx. | G Ai. ""Esx |, Ekx | '' G
J miTh Qx. Aimh C | (J i) A] AP
AuUPsh A Au mk C
zu u[P so. Azx| u G J PnUS.
\nP E & a&7
737
Av u u C. Au vP Ph so zvsk
Gxsk. Auzu ""Gs |S A'' Gx. oPU Pu
zxzu P n GvmhPTh Cu |
\ ! B P oP GvuS v
\[P Pzv CvUQx. "PU Pso |\' G \[P
P s JzvUS . "PUPso' Gx "P'u !
P k Au Esk G AuU P Pu & A
Au ux so Pu & Au CxuUP
sk. Cu P Ax nU Pu
Cxu CUPq? oP G h Au Azu
Psh "Pg^' G U Psh FUS iP x \u
zuzua \u.....
Unz Pg^ u. "Pg^' G \v uzzv uu
u GuS "m' CUQx. Cu u\zv uPiU
PSx P Pv, \sha,
\u, |, AQsha, uzv, P,
, ]Pu, b, , PPxP, x {,
A, z, Ana, P, PU, n
Gi
A
zu[Pu
z
uzzv
\UQi u zuUS A[P n[Pk
Bu[Pk E J zv Pg^zv CUS Pu.
Auu "Fa \ a \UThx' G, Cu
uzzv G[P A a \mh Fx
\v CUPmk ""Pgû'' G mh UQx !
Pzu J v uuP & u Gu \Q?
Ai & J zv zu Ax Au zvP, Ah |
uP E Ch Pg^. Jminzv P |US
u "Pg^' G Au zvzvS Hmhx.
Pgû & "u' G P v CP UQ \k.
\u Un Euzua _U P Pmi mhu
"uu' G ux. \[PP mi Pn
Pg]x u[P CP UQ APPa \miu
"Pgû' GQ.
A |hx x ua ] mk Jmin
oP G \u sq.
P zvx Bzx J _a _ Av iQ
738
Jmin G Au |Pu Ah Ck u\zua

_x G Au Ck uUP sk
uQx. B uzv zu Gi CUQx?
""n z''
Au Ck uuP CUQx ! "n' & u. "' G
i \zu " u' G Azu. Ai Cxu
Ezu z n. xih Pih G \P.
]z Ah J \Q ! AqUS z Gi
xihUS G P[P !
CkS CUPmk. Ah P Gi CUQx? Au
[P[P U? "U' Gu "P' G zuxu
vUQx ! "Gs \qhUS ] u' GQ. Au
"u'u "U' Gu AzuPUQx ! Ah P
GiUQx?
"nu \a \z u|''
"n' Gv "' G Au u v
Bzu Csh v "'nu G BzvUQ.
Cv Cx PuUS AS, bP zxU P \v.
u |zv Th Ci { . "' G Cu
AoUS .
A Pzu oUSx "nu \z \z u|' GQ.
\v u. Av \ uzuk
(sk) u ûzuk CUQ \zP \v x.
"nu' G " a] Ahu' Aux o \v. \zPzx
o \v A P _P, P\P A{
u "m' sqQ. k ""u z|
uu| \z u'' G aPzv Cu Pzu
P zvUQ.
Pn, Au Aou Ck, U P Ba
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Gzu u, Av G Bu Gu zxzu Ax SP C
uu G {n squ. Aua \Q.
\nP E & a&7
739
""u~ & n \ o uu| Pu:''

u~ nzu \zu A[S\zu (o' G
"A[S\') Pu[P uzxU PsiUQ GQ. z
uzzv AvuuUS Cxu U Ah. u
zu, Pa Gx A . "hUP'P
UPmh a Gx Au. AP Ci Ex
AUS | u[P & Csi \, A[S\; R Csi u~,
n, uh Au P , n.
P & z G Csk. & G. P & .
z & . sk & sh, Px & ux G \a
\Q Csk Ena]P. |P B]zx zu P & z G
CskUS P UP Ah[QkQx G u. P
& z Gu P & Uu G \x. Csh AhUQU
Pmkmi zvUP sk. C A
Esh; Ah A~U x Q & Au
A~Uzuu Q & G bPkzvU Psiu
A AhUQU Pmih. ""P \m'' & "B\ i
\zu Eh'; ""UuP[S\'' & ""Uu BP A[S\
E'' & "P A[S\zu P]' G |zv
Qx.
P & Uu[P PzvS Px Ah \. \
G P. _Q P \ GQ? "B\' GuS
"\' GQ. u\ GQ. B\u P. P mkU
PmkQ v B\ | ukzxQx. UuzvS P A[S\.
P Gx A[S\zu mkU SzxQ vx. zv
C ! A | Pzu snTh !
|u | |h Pzu SzvUPsk & A[S\U SzuPU
SzvUPsk & skzvUPQ ! Pzv Jzu G
G m BQx G | ia \QP. Cv
iUPP, \v[PUS JzxuP, C G
\QP |US J iUP Px Psk
Pkx | \Uv m \Qu, izx
uPU Pzv Qxu Auh v \Uv m
BQx GQP. "u \z' GP & Ai |x v
CxPsh S x P.
A[S\ G bP Eh Qx. \
umhxu. Gx Pmkz u \[Q
740
mkUPmizu UP sk. Aua \[Q \u. P

Uu nh Gu
\[S\zu A AhUSuPU Pmkx. P Uu[P AhUSx
G G? A UQ AhUSx G Azu. Au
uP B\ "]|u' \UQ;
""u u'' G (u C' & u.)
A \[S\P CuS J UP & C[Th A
, Ah u A[P[P G UP sk Gx.
C UP & A |h \ zx, u P \zu
|U Pmi |h \[Px Czx A B\h
"A !'' G PmiU Pi sqQ; " 'z
uQ; Au, |h Pzv A PzxUPsk,
AuU PzvS E A[S\zu AuU Szv AhUQ \uUSQ
Gx.
Cu Csh \mk A u~ n[P
|zv \UQx. xPa \x "u~ & n &
\[S\' G, , \[S\zu u A u~
nzu \UQx. Cxu UuP uQx. u "u~
n'
G
Au
Csk
uUP
UP
{UPk? Au AUS \ Ah
Uz ux. Ax zv. u Hk iUS,
uzxUS Au { Pn Gu Au Csk (Bu[P)
C Pu, u \ Au Gu UPhU Thx.
u u~ & n[PTh A PUS Ch x
u\zuU Su & Cu zvS A
Q & Au Csh u \ uUS C J Pu
G v Gsn Hk. Ai BPUPzu
AUP |a u [P E \[S\[P
u \x. A|P P[P J a[P PzvS zv
(Axu P Jzua \UQsqQx Gu)
C u~, n[P G uP zvUQu, Azu
u PzvSP \zu, Ax zv AuS Gva
\Uv PzuU PmkuP A[S\zu zvUQx. A
u \mh A |Pz usquP & (]zx)
Cmm squP BQx.
Pzv {u u Uu. B\ {,
u a_ G P EshQx.
741
\nP E & a&7
741
Ah B\, Pzvh P G Azu sqx Au

\[S\ u \ Bu A uzzu \uP
BQkQx.
PzvS \, UuzvS A[S\ G \uP
|zv ""| & Push'', ""g\ uz P'' G
Csk P u~ nzu Szxa \UQx.
"" C Push (P )'', "" Ix uzP
n[P'' & ""C Eh'' G Azu. "uz'
G C[P uzP A~P sq g\v Gu
Azu soUP sk.
u P E Cshu. Az uh AvPPU
Psk Pzv ]U Pzu Esksq AQsh
\Uzv Au G ukzxuPP Au Csk
Ch CUQ. B Ax mk. \[S\[P Gi
u, Csh PmkuPa \, Ai Cu
Csk[Th ! u P x ]U Pzv ~
Au u~, g\v[P Au g\ n[P
uQ, Ah uzvu Au u~
Pzv Czxa \UQx. Au n[P
Pzv Ah uz Rzu[P PmP sk.
Ah \nwzuuzu ]UP sk, Ah {
[P mkUPsk v Puzu A~UP sk
GuP g\v[P vmk _zukzvkQ.
uh Cux Gu u~n[P | P
Pkzv A P[P Psk u, Au
u~n[P Ah CUSx Au [PUSU
PnP, {z PP CUS Ah | ,
Cv[Pz vkQ. Au Bu[P; Ch u
kQx ! |z wzxU Pmih sk vh
PzvU PmkQ; Au \Uv | PUS xmh? A Kmh iUP
sixu?
u Pux Pg \P, [Px
uP P x Pzu UQa ]zv ]UP zux.
A P Au Csk Bu[P Ah Pn zu
Q. vP |USz uh Uv SQx. Ah
Pn |h Uv J \x Hk Bu zv
u x zu A~UQ. u [Sx &
Pmhx. u x b & |v |x.
Ci Ah J Ch {Uhu (}\u)
742
EzUhQx. (EuuQx) Gu USx | soU

P A[Pzu Ch AUS somh
Eu zu Ah G . | A[P soU
Psh Ax A[PzuU PkUQx; Au A[Pzu AUS
so zu Ax A[PzuU PkUQx.
_UPPa \, Cv {Uzu A P
n {Uzu C u~ A~UzxkQ. Cx
Hmkmh A bu, u. J sh !
g\n _zukzxQ g\v[P,C u~
_zukzxQ \zx B Pn[P G \xsk.
skUS B \n[P Cx J US Cu B Pn[P.
uh J B Pn & \n sk G, Ax, Gi J sk
uUS Ai uxk Ai A u
u uxh sk G |h uzzv
B\ Ph] \Q. ""{ : Pn \n: m\nu''
(a. 90)
G PUPq A[P Cv[P A
uzv u~n[P Ah[Psk \.
Ah \nzv Ah[Psk G \UQx. ""}
uzu A u u siv; E \n Au
sokQx'' G i \. C[P (""UnzPg^ u''
aPzv) [PUS vP Au Csk u[Px u~
n[Pa \UQ. C uQ {U, Cz
{U[P mk Ah \nu PkUPu G G
PUS vPzu i g\v[P J \u
sk Au Auzv ux u \UQ.
(u P[P) \ A[S\[P AhUSQ |h P,
Uu[P A uzu izu Ah[Qku !
GuS | u, Ai J zu USx
Gzu uP CUQx? AuPPzu A uv
Guk \Uzv. Au P uzu uP u~&n
sk u[P. G u~ n uPzu ]zvx.
, A G Aizu kx. Gmh CUQP
uUSuP Bu Axu. Av \vzvP u~u Gu
CUQx? Au Cu oUS u~ n[P UPU
Pkzux.
A b o, zuz uQ Guz
uuPP Gu Csk uuu b Au
\nP E & a&7
743
P&z[Pz uUQ \[S\[P Csk u[P

Pkzvx.
uzv |P UP si Cz[P A uP
CzxUPuU
Pmh
uzv
u~n[PP
zxUPsiUQ & ""Su H P q?'' G yUQU
P izxU PsiUQ v !
Gu u~n[PU Psh A bUS Da
PzuP ~UzvUP sk Pzv
vmk ]Pu, Au u~n[P zv
g\z[P u Pi AhUQU Psk
u C[P v aP va \ bPkzvUQ.
Ph] zu Cu u~n sq Pzu Ah
\n sokQx G izvUQ !
G Azu & J BuzvS J \Uv G Au
\Uv G G[Px ux? A Pkzxzu ux.
| |US , Bu zu UQ. Ah,
UP Ahu ! Au zu A P Bu[P
A Gi, G zv, A PkUQ Ai [QU Psk
Ah [PzuU Pzv sqQ ! A [Pzu
x, P |hxk G uzvPP P, Pn[PU
Psk |hzvU PmkuP kQ !
Ah \nzu izxmh x ! Pn [P so
A, , g\v {U, {U Gx
A~Uzx k. Cu JUS CuP Bu,
zv u Pmk; Pmh C; P
Pu G Azu AuS P (u Px)
Pmk !
] b EmPxmh P |hUPu,
|hUPu Gu P u Chzv u PaQ Au
u~ n[P GkzxUPsk ^Pzx \zu.
u GkzxU Pshx mk. Au ][Th Au Bu[P
GkzxUPsk Pa G a[P zvSi so.
A P Ezx AUP zvh Pzu
EshUS AvPzu i uu. uxmk Au Bu[P
h u zxU Psh.
B Cx A Pzu mh. Cv[P
~Pzv Czxmh Au Bu[PU Psh
Cx Az uh CzxUP Bzu. P~
Pv A~P[P [P siuPP uh Au
744
Bu[P J v P sn zu, AP P UQU

Psk P uh v si zv Ai vuS
EPnP Az u u[P uzxU Psh.
BP A u Av[P zxU Psiu, A
u (u \z ]) JzuUSzu P
EshUSQ; PUSU Pzvx \ uQ. b
zv zv zv A ]PuP
CxPsk, UuPUS bP CUQ. u Pu
zu Cu Bu[P A zuU Pzv uQ;
B Da Jzuh mk \ A P
.
Ah \x[P Jminzu
Ck \a\z uzu ozxmk & Cx A ,
Cu ozxmk & uz P A G G G x
PkUQ, ""vx; BP'' G ""z h
u BP (i)'' Gx CuS u Azu.
BP zu AUS Hmh "|' G Ena] E A.
Ph u~ n[P zxU Psi C
zvh z ]z\UvP CUQ b G Azu.
Cu v \.
uz Bu. ""uz'' & Gv; ""Bu'' & CUPmk,
[Pmk. ""\vUQ Pg^ u miU Psk Jix Q
v Ck, \zP n \v v P, u~ & n &
\[S\[P uzu u[P Psh A & ] u
o & | Gv [Pmk'' GQ. |UP {
A Pm] PkUPsk zvUQ. uUS zv
| GUS \zx zvUQ. ""uz Bu |:'' GQ
Chzv ""|:'' GuS ""|US'' G Azu. ""GUS'' C; ""|US''.
Ai A UPso {zv uSzu Cu
aPzu AP nP soU PkzvUQ.
AUS ] n[P Esk & ] \zP, h
|z (|UPs), g\ ... Uu x mh,
\UPa \ G va ]P n & Ci n[P Esk.
aP[P Au [P Q. Au [P C Cu
aP |h uz zv C G hP Ev
\xkQx.
Au u uzu Akzu aPzv B\
oUQ.
\nP E & a&8
745
A Auv Cu uU Szuxu. (vUPh)

A zu u~ n \[S\[Pk CUPmh.
\
u\U
PP
UPi
,
shP,
Aku C. B (A) mhUS A u\
uux Cizu (uPPzu). Auv Cshx
mi A v aP v ozx u~ n \[S\
uPzu \UQ; iUQ Ph] mi Cu
u nzu \UQ.
""AP Ch''
uu & z h & j & u
oz }|v ]uo & U >
]P g\ ] & [P {
v z u: Pv\| ]u|u >> 8
(u u:) AuU Ph (z) |k ( & h & j &
u) PP zv `mh (oz) zv
o B wQ ozzv (} & E|v) Pu
a\h Tiu (]uo U) {zuu AUS
]uoP Czx BUQ P ]uo Uzv
(]P g\) ] i g\zv (] [P {)
]Q zu Gu (]u|u ) bu
UPQ (z) E (Pv\|) G ] (u:) UQ\P (v)
kQP.)
]USU P, qUS Ssh v uUS
u P Esk. APUS J uu. CUP
Csk. Av J sh GQuS G U[P
ua _ i zvUS ]Pzv Cx. Au
]P[P P q P,
]P BQ CuP Au US |k|P u
]Pzv A P CuP \UQx. "" z
a[Pu'' G |zv Cua \UQx. Cx J.
Cx u Cu shzv Ah[P u PP i
soUPsk AuS J zzv (w) UQ. ""u
P zu, P, Pu}'' G |zv Cu Au P
Chzua \hu P |zu \UQx.
B\ ox Cu uzuzu. Cxu A
{ozxU Psh P. z ][Pzvx uzua\
aP {ozux & A Pkzu \Uvu ! uPh
746
\z sh u squPP A Bzu.
Eh, ""Cu | o, a'' G uP mhP
soP. oUS uP aP HPmh Pmh
Pzu[Pk u P[P CUS uzv
AUS J zu {ozxU Pkzu. B B\
ox A izxU Psh AuP zuzu.
zv , Au P Av Ah
FUS mh A[P J z. U
Pmhx Bzx As A PUS Ch
Csi J v P[P, [P, uhP[P,
[Pu. Au uUS (u|PzvS) Ax |P
G Csi . Ax Czux PmhP P[P
ùx. u Cx n J zu
J Pmh. A |zv[P J J
Pmh. Ci P B Pmh,
zv B Pmh, A[Pzu Pmh G[Th Esk.
Ph] u, \v u, u u CU Psh
J Pmh. PmhPUS |k v [P E
[P, KhP. G usi Czuux
Bnzv & Bn G Pu & z G J
u zu Kh . Ax AP v. AuS \[PUS
v ]uoU PP zxU Pmiu A As .
As CUQ o, a Gx J UP. Ai
UQx u mkUPsk u |hzx.
\ g\ [P | PP
PP Psh , Av Pa i EmPx
Psk u |hzx. o G AvP uzu UP UP
uzzu v a[Pzv G UQx
[P uP C HPu AuLzv u\
u. Au u\ uS E\u Cz {U
uu i. uzzu a[Pzu xPsk
uzzxUS QQ UUQUS mk Ai u\
QhUS. u u g\ C[P
(AuLzv) g\P CUS. Av Pak A C.
zv zv uPUP u
|hzxQ oP, Au P zv Ezu uPPUSU
Pa vu uP C. u uP
J, Av Su JP k
G A~U.
\nP E & a&8
747
Aimh Ah zuzu Au Pzvx

BzxU Pah i _UPP Cu (8&x) aPzv
B\ ozvUQ.
(aPzv zuP J \hP zvS
\U PQP uQx.\hP
mk h QP.)
Au P zv & uP [P G Ix & u,
u, u, PP, \u G. Aimh [P Ahu
Aszv `mhuP E oz G w & { UP
snP PP C z P Cu Ai
& Auz w & } G [PU Psh Ezv & Pu
Guzu } G \x, Pzv AUS
x PuP Cuxu. u Ph, Ph Gx.
PUS Ax v. Ph G u P AUS
\UQx. ozzv Pu [P B E
CUQx. ""Pu | }'', ""Pu| \p'', "Pu | \'',
""Pu | zP'' G AiUS Ai Bzx B\ AhP
iUQ. SuPUSUTha \U PkUP A B\PU
PU Psk \... Pu zv BuP A g\
soU Psi. x Pu, ozzv E,
E G ] . so uP zu U. u
w Kzv PPv v [P PhP CUQ. A
uUSU Qmh Pu EUQx...
G[P zu h, h G Pmh Bzx zu
mi. A mh P UPUP A|P v
x kQu xPsk Cx z
PshkQ ! Au Ez u v |huPz
uQx ! Bv Pzv Czu hP Cuu Gu Fu
G E CUS. Pmhk Ti u G {a\P
CUS. "|a\ Am' BP Ax Puk \z
zvhx FU PU Pkzux...
} E ù ]uo Uuv & Ez zvS
Ah As. ]uoP {n so UQ
As. |h Gsn[P oUQ & o o
]uPP A {zx Au oP & B
Pmi Ax ]uo Uu. AuS, Aux | ]uUS,
A x SiPskk. Ai squS Pzu
AUS u \ Au zx. i A
|US sk. A mh Aizu, ""E P A[P
748
CUP, C[P CUP?'' G vPU Pmkmk ""G

|g\P?'' G izvUQ. C mi, ""J A
x CP xP zv, Au EP
Aimk {S Bz P C, Gi G
Czusk |g_US v \Q !'' G Ba\kQ.
]uo UzvS ] g\zv & g\
\, Au &
Au Ix US ] G ] G
P CUPmh Pa i & ""] [P'' G
\UQx. ""A[P'' (anka) G zv \u "i'. "[P'
G xP kUP, Pmi, Ck i \zxU Pmi
v G Azu. kUP, Pmi G Azu }sk Psh
, ]P QP Av kzxU Pu AuS
[P G x, Ax vx vx "US', palanquin G
BQmhx. ""\|, g\, [P, [P:'' G "A'zv Qx.
Au "[P'u palanquin G US G Bx. |P
|u \mi G ] UuP P J P
Cu. A "US' Gx "AUS' Gvx ux; Aux "
A[P' ( PsP) J UQ Q SvUSP
Au zvP Ai xmhx G \xP i.
uzv "[P'u [P & [PUS Gx...
(A Au ix 1926& \nP Pimi US
izx C J o PUS Gu uS. x
\miU Pni G \nP , A USz
yUQP JPz u v u[Q uu \nP
vi h GUT Eh AP x J g\P i.
Avu "US'US x Psiu)
Pa i zu AUS [P.
Av EmPv Pa, a G a[P
uP, oP \ bzv Ea]USz yUQ
"]u|u ' G PkzvUQ ! Axu B\ UQ
! a[P P A k CUQ Ax
Bz a[P A? zumk u ]zv Bu P
CUS ? Auu, Cii BPmh Pzv,
F, Uzv, C Bzv EmPvx uzv ]uu
US G izvUQ.
Ci uzv ]u|u P E E ]
U\P kQP GQ: ""v z u: Pv\|''. P
\nP E & a&8
749
Bh so, ""Pv\| u: z v' & GuS "J ]

U\P E UQP' G Azu.
""H "J ]'? u sqPP CUP !
Ax C |US | vsk u !''
G sn. B _ "n n'
somk J PzuU Pmi mh Ax { Qk?
""Ai Gx { ?''
Gx & aPzv A zu ozuu?
Au |P [QUPsk {zvU P sk. Cx
ozu Ah uzv | Cx {UP
sk. Ah A Au PP, PPU PhP |a
_a `vuP, Au A | CUS zQ
mhuP, |h U Chu u
]uo PmiuP Hh sk. Axu
U Gx. Ch uzv PzvS | x
U G x \x. | G[Pu Ax
Au P G BUQU Psh C \ G uQx.
UzvS A : zvS x. Au PU
Px , E, F G usi As Ah
g\ CUQ ChzvP mh . PP Au
zu vUP sk.
U & [PUS A . S zu {zx
{zx Ai BQx A zu {zx {zx
| Ai BQkx . aPzv \
n F F, Au zu ] [Pzv EmPvuP
Ai zzui Cu Uv EshS.
A iP Uv. zv J v CuS iPz
uzzv JP BQkQx. Auz uz G Guzu
"]u|u ' G. Au z Px
h sk. Axu .
Pu k C. Au G sq {
CUQ PP Au & Px Q Azu
& CUP sk Azu.
uP Ah PzvS x, u\
sqx, uzzv Px G |hUQx |hUPmk. Cx
PP Au sozxU P sk.
G EmPu UP Cizu DkmiUP sk.
750
"BUS |a\? Pj CUSz u Ah?'' G bP

Gx Au Au P A Bzx ]u|u P
AP CUQ uz Psk Ai UP
sk.
Ci | sqQ? G ] u,
s\Pu A zv ]u|u zuz ux
PQ AUS \x? Auu ""Pv\| u:''
G.
Ssh} zv
CuP ] aP[P AU Ssh} u
P[P z Pzu kx, Ai ku QhUQ
ua \UQx.
Ssh} B \U[P (Au \U[P P[P G
\xsk. AuU P[P) Rx Q Uzv u
Iv z u BP\ u Ix uz[PP, Bv
uzP A CUQ, (Aa \U[P) | |i
i, ] CUQ u zzv v ]k
IUQ & Aux A[P J Ssh} \UvU Psk
\UQx Azuu zuvUPa \Q &Akzu
aPzv (a&9) \Q. ""Ashzv Ex shzv'' GP.
Ai, g\P A vUSx Av g\ u[P
G, Au P[PU Pzu z G C
J h Ssh} \U[P P P so
A~zvS xkQ. Au u
zzv ] zv IUQ Azu~ zvUQx.
Azu ~ Au ~PU QhUQ \zu
AuPkzu aPzv (a&10) \Q. a\ Azu~zv
G J, Auz uQ J (Axu A), Q J ()
G z[P. Ax nwu. E\zxUS "~' Gx.
B Ax HkuS , Pu k Qmhzumh Au
A~zvS J vv G, Auz uQ G
Q G J zi () CUS. P[P \, A
| Szxz u UP C. Szxz u
a\zvu . \vP T S. AUa `k mh
iS. B Cu (Ssh}) P[P AU Psh,
Psh, \z Psh G CUQ Auu PshzvP
uP a]h ! i u zzu zxuP n
\z ] CUS. Avx \zPP Au S. Axu
\nP E & a&910
751
. Au zuz ux G zu AUS. \v
zv zS \nP Ah v \n CUS. Avxu
uzv Au Sx. Au \v USuPU PmkQx.
Au Au zu P, AP CUQ. B
"Au , u sq uP Cx' G
Azu Cx PsiUS.....
""Gu E
P~& b~& ~[P''
""Ssh} Qmh P mh GQ, | Ph
mh GQ ! , Cu E\u A~[P |US GiU
QhUS? Cu \x CUPhu?'' G &
Ai (Ssi}) PPzu sn sk. Gu
, Ssh} P P Gu
E Av JPP, P, |UP
a[Pk soUPsk J {US Ex
aPvP P u Gi BS Aiz uP k.
|US Ax uUThz ux. B uP k. C
E\u { E zv | ukx a
SPP Ai { k. unP QP zvP |
CUQx Chx | a_ uP CUS. Ax J
Ezzv u\ so Ju u AhQu, J
{v \umk CUQ u a\U Pzu
x | uPz u. C E\u { Csk |
P & AuS SPP Ai (a_) {kuP,
B a\hPz vn P, mhP CuP &
Ci aPv u zu \. Av iP & Ax
Azu iUS v {P & a \ Ea] |iP mi
A uzuz umk Au u zxk.
P UPTh u Hmh a\h[Q
a\ kQ Ax SPzv u. Ai, ""Ea]
Sx a_ !'' GQ, Ax Au Auzv \ \
(x x) Ea] |i xuu !
Uv UPzv Azu Ezu~[P Esk GuPPa
\.
uP P Uv PuQU P]x Psp
Q'', GAi P mkUP zu | u|mka
]iP, q PuPu G, i, [P,
752
hu\, C LP, Qx UvP mkPTh J

P~P, b~P A[P[P flash soUPsk
u UQ.
C[P ~zu \q. Ca\\Uv, Pa & Pa
G uzzu a \x , _zu
a[Pzua \ux. P, P G CUQu G |US
G u & S, { G CxPsk Hu
Pg\ \xTh A (x TuS Jux)
u & uzv Av uzzuP J u. J
\u Buzuh \Uv UPsk P i
HmiUQx Guzu Ai "U'PPz uzvUQx.
Cv u C Guu uuzv (u i)
A|P PUS P~, b~[P Cu
a[P~ HkiP A soUQ ! uzzv
C u Ca\, a[P i QP,
uuzv C u Ca\, a[P i
QP, uuzv C A|P
PUS IUzvS h |P HmiUQx ! Ax
\Uvk IUQmh {. Ax (|P) ]k IUP
sk u EshQx. Auz uzv, ""| J soU
PuQ. E Ca\u'' G \nPv sqx. A
]k \sk G Ca\ ] Ca\ zv
{Qx. Aux mka \xPsh C
]h u C [PzxkQx. Au Chzv Au J
zumi ] C , C
Sx A EUS [QU Psk kQ. unP J
zv J mh Aizx, Aizx Au
u KzvSz u, Au zv J _
_zxU PQx k x Ax EUS [QU PQ v
C[P |hUQx.
] B Ca\, Ph] Ca\ Csk a[PP
BQx ! Cx G u\zx, G uzx P
hP zu uQx. LUP, Qx iUS
BQP UQ vUP (oUP\P),
P mkUPUS Aii "'P (CnP)
APkQ ! P~, b~, ~ GUS
xP HkQx...
], (BQP) Ca\ G Au ]zu\ A
Pu ! EUS Au ]P Cu u
\nP E & a&910
753
EUS A [QU PuPa \x A Pu.....

Uv E\u P~[P Eshua \. P
u, uzP u G P, ""| \UvUS Au
Amh . Hu, "A, \Uv, }u Pv !'' G Qh ''
G | Ak {zx Uv soU Psiu "Hu
u sqQUS !'' G u Hh ChUPx. ux
QhUQ Auz u yUQ G Ea] A~ G
Pk.
zv ( u P G Tx) n \Uv
\Qx A[P n \v P\ _Qx; Au u PmkQx
G \, Au A~ |US C G H Aq? "nu
\a\z u|' G (a.7&) zu? Aimh
Ah n \z Pzu P Ai {zui
Cu x; Avx SQ Phu, uuu
(Pu) BQ {zxU Psiu x,
{zuu {PU Pkzx, E&\z, E&u G zvUP
sok.
\Uv, z EP Ai (Ssh} Pzv)
UPmk. |US G\P J Uv. "A' G J iu
|UP x. APUSU Qh |US A
QhUP sq. J hUS A | Au [Th
Au A~P iP A sn. C UPzv
Pi P uP soP, ""x Cu'' G
yUQ mkmk, \nPv G \ QhUSi sn.
|iP A Au PuPa \ aPzu
Gi izvUQuU PUP sk. n \Uv ]US
H A[P u EshUSQ, Ai AzuP
IUkzvkQ G iUP, i Au n \Uv zv
]x \U \UP C[Q x uzv \Uv [Qa
_miUPsk y[Q Q izvUQ.
_iU Psk kzvvxu "Ssh}' G
ux. J Ssh Gi P CUQu, Ai J x
y[Sx Eha _miUPsku kUS. | P P
|P }miU Psh Pz y[SuP CUQx. A
Pg\ sk, _sk, Qsk kzxUPsh, ""Aia_
mh yUP'' Gx |P Eh }miU Psku
Qh. B J x B Gu zu Eh
J v zxUPsk [P g] zxUPsku
754
y[SQ. CuS Ea\zv J {z sqx J

_mhPa _miUPsk SshPP kUS. \Uv \Uv
A P |h mk UQ Azu
\ hu |h uzv A Cia
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i. EuP CUQx, Ah AS ! ""Pu
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762
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\ CUQx? Auz u uxP sk' G
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u zP zu n uzuz ux P
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i SUP). Amh Au E\u vv Cu u vP
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zxUPsk, Au A AP UP sku
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] Qhzxk G? ] QhUPUTiu Ax? ""u:
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763
u PnP u[PUS A u uu
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i' Gxu Em? Ai Cu v, u
so iu ]zu P
Pzx UQP GuS "B i' Gu Azu.
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CUQ. Ci J \UzvS PnUS \Q.
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u u P'' G \UQ. "P' G Qn; Qn
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& Aux zzv, "u u P': Eh C
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(a. 15) \Q:
764
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SiP) iP A, (uP P) uP BQU Pzv
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u, zu u P \uu Cu
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765
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766
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767
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Ssh} zvS A \zP Cx |US Bz zu
A~UUQ Guu Aia \x.
\nP E & a&20
781
uzvP S G J ""SSsh '' &

"BzP u u Sshzv y[QU PsiUQ' & G
Cu u B\ \UQ. Au vvUS
BmhP Bz P (a]) u |S. "S'zvS Bm
"| S' (S C.) BP Ai !.....
Ph, R G \zP Cv
PhU Skv \ Esk. H Phu
U PP mk Auzu GkzxU Psk
uP C. [PUSz u AUS u. A
Ch uz u Aikzv zvu. u
ku sqi Ph u PmkU Psh.
"uPzvx } Au Pskx G SuPUS (Aux
[PUS) Pkzuuu E u k'' G A
{u mh. A uP uvh \sh
mk zx Au P\zuz yUQUPsk Ki xmh. B
i Au [P \h i BuPU Pu.
[Pzu C \kuP B ! Au u AUS
Esk GuPPa \. Bshh Au u
zy PhUS siUPsk ""Au P\'' G
(_Q) v J n |z \QP. Au nzv
\ P\ G, EUS n Au G zxUP
sk.
uPzvTh Cu uzu. U|a Au S zxU
PsiUQ; z P\ zxU PsiUQ; x zxU
PsiUQ; uP zxUPsiUQ G vPa
\UQx.C P\zvS z Cuu x
KmiS z vzu zxUP Cx ! P\, AuS Au
GuS vu uPzv \ E n &
zy PhUS Uz v. G F
US Gv Ph C C[P zv US
UPzv uzv A C ! J UP Bsh,
C UP PhP A[P C. G Pn
&
[Pzv
Bsh
[P|u
Ai
IUQ
soUPskmh. Cx , ""GUS snP
Ci J EzQh U Pkzxmk, | Psn k
Ci
A
zxUPsk
G
}
Pkkzu?'' G h Au. Eh ,
""Au ! | Ak E zyUP x, uUuPU
Pn soUPsk A[P {z sqQ'' G
782
USU Pkzu. Ax Phu Ps iz vuS

AP zyUSz yUQU Pskx \zux. Au
a]zu A BshUS uP UPzv
zxU Psix. Ph\ GP.
Ph Au u; u {zv \Q.
A Au Qn Q \vPu ] zv z
Ph zv P, Aux zu, AhUQ
AzxkQ G B\ \Q: "" n u \v
\Suv C'' "\Su Av G PUS P CUPmh Ph
""\Su' G . P mkmk Su
zuu AUS "\Su' G . G
I[PP zxU Px Ph u. " vi'
GP. B zxU Px vi G,
Ph G zxUPv; "'u "Pha\' G
zPuu zxUPx.
Cu aP zv Csk P[PUS {zv. J UPi.
& virus fever - Gu Av \zxUP. Ax
E U xu?
C, xP EshQu C[P \
Jzu Au Qn oP A zzxUPsh
Cu AUP Au |i G J EshQk. Ax
u Ah |iP G zxU P.
Au |i KkQ uh Psn A J uUP
zu x, J snsiv; h
zm Pv uu .
UuuP \z Pu iP v CP. C[P \Q
A (a G ] Ch[P CUQ v, C
a G \ ! C) Au iP n G
\v J zu uQx. G Au UuuP
Gmk (\Uzv) EmPvUS Gs PnzvP " P
\U' Gu . z \u[P Gu P xk
G uuP Ci UQx.
] ];
^P'zv Em
iP n A C[P \, z uu G
]u. ]u Ah ]. uQx BP\
] Qu? BP\ mk BP\zvx
\nP E & a. 18-20
783
u g\zu Ah u Pv \UPa \ {
P soU PsiuP Jzu v \ AUS
^P \Uv EshS G Csk aPzvS v
\UQ. "Cu "^P' \[P | ^PUP sh ! Ax
uzuzvS Ch PkUS' Gu " ' soUPsk
aPzvS u. B Aua ] ]a \q, ^P
Gu Ezuzu uzxmh |u Cx
uu Au aPzvSz (a&18) vUQ.
u , Cx \Uu uz[P
\v[P ^P, z a, uP \ v G
\u "h'P Azu soUPsh (|
u Psh) Azuu ! C P ^PUQ
G uzv G BS? AUS C aUQ
Gu BS? Auu Az u izxU P sk
a z sqQ ! n, k, { G J {
Eha \zxU PQ, uzv Cu A
EhP AUS AiP CUQ Azu. A mk
ku C uPz uUQ G Azu?
Aizu Cx ! "a sqQ' G "C aQ',
"Au B\US C AiP Cx Au \mk {Q' G
Azu. Ci A A AUPP {x, Bz
zPzvPP {x GuP |P
Ahzu Gu BS. Ai BuS G[Px B\,
C Cu v \UQ P, z \v P
\U PkP? A EPh {
B\ \x ""vu | |'' GQ.
Ai Au G AUS Gsn[P, B\P,
|_UQz xPzx mkmhx G Azu. A
E P[P u v u soP
C. AU Rzu a[Pk \zx _x { BPx.
Au Cia \uS Azu, (Smh uP) u GuS
aP uh AhUQ \kzv GuPzu
GkzxUP sk. C Gu \kzxQ G
\UQu Ax CUS BPUPmk Ai
Qmhu Azu. ""z B: \v zz uzz P:
\v '' G P \ , & J zzvS Azu
|vP Cmk, a & ax G Ax (Ckx) u
Azu? Ai |vP zzvS Cmh A & A
, u G zu Ak Eh i? Ai
A AzuQ, ""\v B|v'' G \uPzu
784
Ah[SQ? Aizu bUS Azu P[P x

x, A B\ki xP C, B\ Ax
{ A BQkQ. x G zuP E
mk B\z yskQz uUS AzuQU
Puzu "a', "a' G figurative - BPa \x. uP
BUQU Pskmh A Gi Ax J BUhP CxPsk
B\z ysh i? zP[P J zQ Ah
]QkQx G, (a&19) A uUS g\ A
E xu G Ax bQmh Azu. C
u v BQmh u Gi CU Pzv u UP
i? (a&99) BP uP \ Q P
sokQ Azu xP sk.
a i vmkU Psk Pzu
ix zvSz v mkUPsk C A.
A va ]P z \UQx. v a\.
P ; u n (g\) G \xsk. P P.
xP }. |h Pa Anua ].
Cu ]US G ] G, Cx LU JUPP
]&\UvP Pz i squ, Au UPP,
Uzv Pzv P iU Phx Ahu
Pmkxu.
J P \u Jx ] u
u A VIBGYOR G u n[P UQ B
k. V-I-B-G-Y-O-R H Gzv ix n[P Bzx
k. Ph] R u Red-u ]. Cx u u
Auz uhx Bg (O), (Y), U (G), (B), CiP (I),
CiP Gx Pzu } &, m (V), Czu k. R-US
CushU Pi GuU P \u CUQ, V,US
AushU Pi GuU P \u P CUQx.
, P H P \UP : |
PP xUP UQ. A J
a\UQx, C }UQx Gx H G,
a\Pz u x "m & 'P (JP) a\z u
UQ GUPP uUS izx AhzxUPsk a\
zv kuu; }P E x }zu zv
mk UQU PP E izx zxU PsiUQx.
PP Ci. Ci G[P US m P J
vu mk kQx & reflect sqx &, UQ G
E izx zxU Px & Aux absorb soU Px GuP
\nP E & a&18 & 20
785
CmhU P[P |h Ax uzu P, P

Gx. J x P CUQu Ax J E izx
zxU P m Ai UP mkkQx.
mh Azu PP \u Qx. Reflection, absorption
G Csi (reflection G) J mk C[P Cuu AuU
P \UP, P \ G, A[P AuU P
x m UP absorb soUPsk, Aux P G |
\ G E ozxUPsk Gu reflect
snUQx. C[P J v mk |hu AuU P
\UP.
z, , u G USn[P, uUP Gu E
izx zxUP G mkmk, UP
_zuP, P\P CUQ u "z'. Ax b
zvS, zvS AhP Cx. uUP
G izx zxUPsk CmhP CUQ P "u',
Aux n Agb. ] "' & Aux U \Uv. zu
P sqQ U, zvS A UQ U
CskUS \Uv. U Cu _zu ] b zvx
\Uv G u Gsn U zx PaPa \UPa \
{h Auz uhx, Agb u Psk \u
i U BzxkQx. V, I, B, G, Y, O, R G H P i
]zzu, variety - IU Pmk i\. Azu P \u
Qk. Czu g\ J _zu zvx uxu;
AxP ixu ! Czu Avx squS
Bv Pn zvx u mh ]U
Pau Gu Ah ]USa ]. Cu v
zu, u PzxU QmizxU QhUQ | Au Px
uS Aua ]UPu soz ux.
\Qx, IUQx GuP A EshS u
vuu EshP i ! vuu A JPa \
i? HPP Cx Psiu \ C GiU
QhUP i? AuPPzu uz ] & \Uv G x A
Pa & Pa uvP, A i Au uz
uUSU SuP PP ux. Ci USx A
A~uPPzu ]P Bx G uQx.
Auu A, Av, SP a[P A BQa ] {
Gx.
i ]. Gsnu Bv x Gsn G
J Guxu iUS Ai . BP i ]
Gx. iPzu ] {u. Emh Gx zu
786
Kmhzuu |hUQx. Au zu ]. "Uu' G ] G

Azu. P G sqQ? A Gsnzu zxUPsk P
i sqQ. Aia \x uh A~zu GUS
Pkzx Gh Ju IUzu Q. Auu
Pa \Uv ] G \x.
A vu u Pn. G APUS Ea]
zhu SQ A Ax. Au u
i & i (a.93) & "" P J
P Qhu \ G x Pzu uPP
An Q, Pn AnQ, |h kQx''
G Qx: Pz&zx \ & v Pn P]z An. CuS
aPzv ] a[PP zx, ""iP [P\ a
E ] h x Ah \zu a[P GkzxU
Psh J zv v sokQx'' G \UQ.
z . ]. zzvS uux Gx uu
. H C[P ] "K' Gx G A
squS zu nzu q. Au zu
zwuP CUS _zu zv zP A
EshSx Ax Ezuzu J Pa \UPa \
CUQx G uz.
P \uP z vvu zUS {.
Snzv A P sqx \uzu Cx Sx
Q. B \u z P Pzv Dkkx
uh \u Pu Tzuix ! iP [P\
h { \ Cx AuSu Cu ] h _x. Au
A[P {USU S.
| u Snzvx, DaUv& G Ezu
US , Da Au Snwu {USz yUQh
sk.
Sxo, P, v ]P CUQ.
B A Sn G zUQx? Sxo .
P P\PU P\u EhUS |x. v xP
CxPsk EhUS |x sqQx. Cu vu Sna
] zUQx & ukzx , zuU
Psh , AuSz yUQkQ G zUQx. A
yUQkQ ]zu Pahx.
Aimh u\a ] uPU Pmik
a \UvG \ Pg\[Th ux G x P
sk.
\nP E & a&18&20
787
A Aua ] BP\zvx G
PiUQ "" o''P zUP sk Cu (18&x) aPzv
\Q. Gx [P, Bz \. |h
uzzv A uzuzu Aimh Pa
\UQx. ""o'' G u & G Azu.
Bi "" o'' Gx ""u '' Guu.
B aP (12) ""zw u'' G
BzvUQx. C[P ""u ''US synonym - BP (P)
""o'' G Qx. Cu Cu ""Bu '' P
"u ' Pzv Psk \US hxu G
PmkuP CUQx & z, z, uzzu Gu Au
u u\zvPPzu G PmkuP !
P\vu G ShUTi n zvUS Au
Ah[QkQx. B Avx _Q ] v
g\ UQx.
|zv P\vu nUS i& Au C[S
\ G[P u[P sk A[Pu A A
izvUS Bu[P \u, P\zv BuS
i & Bu[Pa \UQx. u \, A
A[S\, u~, n G \UQx. Bu[Pa
\ A uz uzPa \UQx. A[P \zu
"P' G \zu BzvUQx. P \m. "P'
G "]', "B\' G Csh SuS. C[P \x
u\ G u P Ak Pmi k \ | P.
Ax z Aik h sku zzu
zzx, Pzvh PzxU Psk SzvUSzv AhUPq.
AuSzu A[S\. A |h g\v[P
Ah zxh sk. C \kzuzu A u~
n
zxU
Psiu
\.
CuPu P\vu u\ QhUS. AiU QhuS v &
J Smh n zv A uuS &
PzxUP, vUSz vPu zvUS Ah An
n u. Auu P\zua \ |US v |P
A[P (|zv) ""{n z sh sh''
G Qx. ""v E Ao{ U|'' G
u (18&x) aPzv \x Axu. Ax
Ah Pn ] | Q |h Uv
UPkUQx. Eh P\v u u\ QhUQx.
788
|zv u , A | u, | i G
Pmk ""u'' Akzu vv Gu zuU Pmk
""d'' (o). uP ""|a'' & "' Gx
"' GuU Su. Aux Ax zuU Pmkx. A,
Cu zu ]z v u? Au \UvU Su
""]uU{ Ssh u' G |. A|v uz ]z\Uv
u G zv Gx u Cu
hPU Pmi Akzu UuPa \UQx. uP
sh
Pkx
kuPPzu
]z\Uv
uP Au sox. ""uP zu'' G Auzu
Akzu |Pa \x. AU Ph u uP
u[Ph \zu AU Sshzv AUS An sn, h
u ]zu APh E zv {x, ]zu
A uP Bzx uP Ezu. (A
sh zu.) ]z AUSsh u'' G
Cx Eh[QUQx.
zu, \Uv, Ax uP u u BQ
B |UP \Pa \mk Akzu | Ah
va]a \xu: Ezz~ . B Eu
Pv \u GiUS Amh {h,
Aux Uu vP C G Azu.
A
]
{zua
\h
Ah
\xzu, Av |S Bu[P \mk & Au P
zxmh & AuP i Aua ]
sh sh[P UPiuP | \UQx.
P\zv Bzx, A[Pa \uS v
u[Pa \uSU Pn Au U \Uv G
uuPPzu. {U UUPPzu Ax?
"P' G "P \x'u? Au P[P u \x.
Cu UPUS Csk UP PkzxUPsk u[Sx Ca\
\Uvu. Au Ca\ \Uvu \UPa \ Cx. Au u
nUS ""Ezz~ G
{nz sh sh'' G | \x.
Auu | aPzv B\ ""v E Ao{
U|'' Gx.
""| u''
C[P ""u |'' n ""u '' Aa\P
J GkzxUPsk v C A|P Ch[P CUQx.
\nP E & a&18&20
789
Ba] so zu Cx J u "hi'Qk ! v
B\ sqQ A n |zu close - BP follow
so Ch[P _Q.
Ah | vzu Azu \v v CUQx
(a.46) Gx ""Ah & \z & & uP & u \u'' G
| Azuzu PUQ. A PsPz
vu
i,
i
(a.55)
GQx
""E&{zu & | & |'' G | { Qx.
Ah EumkUS U Pi (zu) JPx G
Cv (a.62) u, Av (|zv) Au Azuzv ""| z
& & UP & z|a\u'' G CUQx ! ""v
nPzu g_Q \x Ah a_UP CUQx. { &
& x & {zu & Pa\'' G |zv Q
"Ii' ga Pw (a&66) J aPP B\
"h' soUQ. J AzxUS Hux E \
mk, ] Ch[P Au E ux GQ B\ Ah
PUPmh mk, ""PuP : u _P J u?''
E Cu E Gi ox?'' GQ. (a.67)
|zu zu A[P UPmhUS zv comparisonH \ ""A|Pu & za & _P & u'' (J
Hmiu AP P]UQ) G CUQx !
a uPP u AP Ahzxzu
AyoP A [P CUQx G C[P (a&83)
uS ""(CzP u) yn [QP'' G
| CUQx. av ] & Aux uu u
& Ah u [SQx G B\ \Q G
(a.84), | APP, "uu Smi A
yP GuU S[S CUQu Au u uyP
soUPsh: av & u & y & Uu & u yP'' G
oUQx. |zv ""u & z & & Uu & &
CniP Pv zu u UQ'' G J |.
B\ Cu ""} u'' G (87&x) aPzv "h'
so Gzu u[P Ah u u UQx G
PmkQ. J u PQk. AUP uP UPP
Csk u A uzvS u Avu Bu
! Csk: u z u Tx. A u
Gx a]P Cx. : u z u zxU
PsiUQx. uUSu EmPvUQ? A
u Au kQPUP (\zu) U PkUQx.
""CiPz u E u UQx'' G iUQ.
790
"Th & q & uu' & "B xP

[P Eh' G |zv Qu Khzv
(a&88) "u ... Pi Pj P x' GQ. Ph G
Tu. Pa\ G BUS C .
J aPzv (a&91) Ah uzv [P za
]P JUQu "P o g ou ... \n P' GQ. Cv
Ii (Pzx) mk zuPTh |zv E g &
o & g & siu & u Gu follow sqx |Pz
uQx.
Bx A] zu Ci C { APh.
|zv \u Ci B\ GkzxU P
G J uzv Cx Ah , |zuzu
PmkQx.
zvu
u
uPzvx
A
"Ii'UP zuP Gkzx Cv miu Ax
sk uP somh G SPa \. B
zPPUP uux. zv x.
Ux |u. Aimh uPzvx
GkzxU Psh G Auh u Uvz uzxU PQ.
Auh AvPPz u Gx \h ix G |zuk
{UQ Gu Azu? P B\ "Ji'
] A soUS uvP\u, P\vuu
uz[P, "q uv P\u uz'zv Ai J
PPPU PmiUQ. Bi "u ' G
A oUQx A mk zvu
|zvx A[P[P GkzxU PsiUQ Ch[P xU
PP uzv Azu n \vUP. B Ai
sn |zuU Psh G Auh u
vUPmi P Au vUSi sqQ Gu
Azu.
Ci ~v |P Azu soU P.
Ax Ah Auzu {zx E\zvP Azu soU
P. B\ ? z Da A \x so
Au. A A C. "|'zu sox
? ]v \UvP GQ U \Uv A~Uzx Au. US
x A zxzu A A~Uzx Psk
uuP zzv Pmi US {a\P Ahxu. U
uuPh, ""P zuP G |UP uzP
sq[P'' G A Ezu mk, Ezu mhx mk
AP uh Phzu ] Au uz EshSiP
so G \UQx. Au u | A
\nP E & a&21&22
791
zxzu. Bi A B\P x uzzxU

Pshx Avx ] A[P Cv \zuv, Guz
u. |Pzv umh kx |UP u
ux v Pskx zu G u? B\
uzzu iUShzv ""zw: U:'' & ""Eh
UP'' & Bx Cx G \UQ.
Ru Un z Ph{z u av U[P,
A[P Ai GkzusiUQ. Bv Au av
z[P A a]u Cx, A Au PUS A
USi so. Au wzuk Cx i
AxP Ru A[P[P mh. Au vu Cx.
Akzu aPzv (a & 21) Ssh} P zv Ahu
u zv Bxua \Q. Bu zu
"Bu' GQ. u & Bu uzzv
A|P P Cx J. A AS , B\ A~ ,
A , Pu G J \uv Ci P
uzzvS \miUQ. Ah Uu
AUSP, |_UQ mh & vP | | &
G C[Pu \Q.
""J]haP''
""u'zvx "'zvS''
Akzu aP (22) x. Cu ("Bu') U \Uu
\vzu[P mk Uv xvP, Pu GuP
aP[P Esk G? AuS Cu aP |
Eun. "a[P' G ]ho Cu aPzv
zu Uvx Uv \Uv b PvUS Ju
Azu {US J yUPPz yUQkQ.
PPU PmjP, C? ""zu Uvx Azu
bzvS'' G \. Au bzuk Uv \Uv Px
J v AzuP CUS vvUSz yUQkQ G
\Q. H... Bzvx aPzvS Azu
zxUPsk u :
{ z u u zi Pn
Cv ux g\ Puv { z Cv : >
uu z u v\ { & u
Su & z & h & Sh & }u & u >> 22
792
u
""{'' & "A { !''
]US G J . h \Uv }. , \,
Da, _v, z, EU, , (u GQx) G
Ahzv ]US Gmk \ |UP. iUS
& (]zx) C (pavan)u (Bhavan). Ah
zP Aa \x }.
""z'' & "}'; ""u '' & "u Ghzv'; ""Pn'' &
"Pnk Ti'; ""zi u'' & "a \zxP !'
""A { ! Ai G Eh A|UP _P !''
""Cv'' & "G'; "_P G'; "":'' & "G (A
], z Az G P. A
GimhP n Cxmk Pmk ! G
Ah Ph sk zvUP B\mk); ""ux
g\'' G "zvzxUP B\mk'; ""{ z u
u zi Pn'' G Cu zuPa \ A Phzu
zvUP B\mk, Cv u Csk zuP ""{ z''
G \ Bzu Eh;... Csh "{ z Cv :
Puv'' G uS, ""{ z G G \Q' G
Azu. ""uu'' G BuS "Eh, "Au'
G Azu. Ph zuP Ci Cu ("{ z' G) Csk
zu A \ Bzuh... Eh G
|hUQx?""uu z u v\ { u'' ""uu'' &
"Eh', "Au nzv' & Aux J, G J
B, aPzv u P Ph zu Qu, Au
UPUTha \, usk zuP "{ z' Gu
zv \h; ""z'' & "}'; ""u'' & "AUS'; ""{'' &
"Eh, EUS u, Eh , Eu'; &
""{ u'' G "Ehu u' P
Azu so ""}P BQ u'' G
\sk; Ai, Au G J Au Csk zua
\ zvzv A }P BQkQ Ea]
uU PkzxkQ. ""v\'' G uSU ""PkUQ'' G
Azu.
""{ ! } u G E Pn Phzua \zx'' G
xvUP B\kQ J, "{ }' G Azu u "{ z' G
Bzu Au nzv } AUS Eh zu
u PkzxkQ'' G USPa \zx Azu.
uP zuh IUQkQx .
C[P zuk AzuP AhQ . H Cia
\nP E & a&22
793
\Q, | Aizu Cu n
Qx.
Su z h Sh }u u G Au CUQx.
""Su'' (G) q G uvUS. ""z'' G
u] z C ! " Cz' G Azu. ""h
Sh'' & P\ Qh. ""}uu'' G iQx. } G
wu. "}'US \mk "}u', Aux "wu
\mh ""u'' & "u[P' "", q, Cz BQ
Qh[P wu \mh u[P iP Eu
uU
PkUQ''
G
k
AkzvUP sk.
"Qh[P uzvS wu' G G? , q,
Czv A uzv ] zx P |P
sqQP. Ax APh ] Qh[P P\
A uzv AiUQx. Ax wu \Q CUQx.
Ah AP Uu IU mhu Ax
AUS Cimh " q Czv Qhzu wu
\k u[P Eh u' EshQkQx GQ.
b Azu Ahx Ci CUPx.
A[P uzu Eh J zv CUPx ! i, vvP
CUPuuu qUP CUPmhP. C[P Sn
zv P zu \u Cx "g\' G
\, Au \. (Azu {g\ {Sn
uzzv IUkx.) BP Cx Azu \v \
.
\Uv G g\PnP BQ, Au g\zvSa
\UzvP Cx Psk, v Czv uP AvP
PP zx P { |hzv Au uP u uzv x
i k CUQu, Au vv Au \Uvk
\UvP z BQkQ J zuzu C[P
\UQx.
iUP G Azu \vzv Cimh J
vva \. Au \vzv Cu
u. \Uv \ P Gx C,
\uP E {Snu Au . B Da (\Uv
Da Gu A[P (Azu \vzv) \US; Au Da)
Hu J sqQ, "| Azv; Ai snu! G
\ i? \u A Pm? AU PmSiU
794
Pmhkzu BS? Au A Ch (Azu

uPh) u mh sqQ ! Auu E{zv,
B\ GUThu, [P G J HhU
Thu C a \Q Ch[P ]v, ""A
B\mhu AhQ. A [P sou
|hxkQx'' G Qx. Cia \ G Azu?
AUS "Ia' Gk Dazu & Aux \UvP CUS
u & HkQx G Azu. C b
AzuP {Snzv IUP {zu Sn
\Uv, "Gh Q \UvUTzx Aizxmk A \u
vUS !' G izxU PQ. Au v {zu
kTh Au A~ P U Pzv C \UvU
TzuiUSiP A sqxsk.
Ai
sqUPk
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mk
ixhmh. A[Pu CUS. v,
v~ CUPx. A Cimh v~zuk, v
uzuku
\Uv
Uvh
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A
zPzxUPsh \UvU Tzx Ai. A C E\UP
(Ezv) u uP \UvU PmkQx, [PUQx. B\kQx
G C A [Pi, Chi BkQ
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kQ
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Ax Ezu Uv Ena] CUS; Ak'
JmiUS Sn Azu b CUS; AuS
Aimhzv Cu Sn \UvUS Bu {Snzv Bz
AxPsiu J \u Ena] CxPsiUS. b
Q Q \u.
Ci, b & Uv & \Uv G Puu J u C[P
B\ \x; A Azu uP[P \Q
zP.
Au . a (]h) G, Ax G?
Cmi[PP Auzu Cu aPzv B\ \vUQ.
Aua \ uzzu \U PsiUQ !
""{ z'' Gh A Uuz uUQU Pskk
uQ G? ""{z'' G Au zu
]h zx soUQ !
C J \ Qxu ]h? Aui
Uu "{ z'' Gu J \P, Au A
AUS A~ zP BUQU PkzxkQ.
\nP E & a&22
795
C \x ""{ ! }'' G Azuzv. A Au Gi Azu

so ~USQ?
"{' Gx Csk u Azu PkUS. Au zu a
\P ; Azuzv a \P . Au
zuUS uxP, verbalroot - BP E ""'' G zu Ci
a \k J Azuzv a \P C Azuzv
uS. A suffix (Sv) \zxU Psk ""{'' G
}Qx Ci AuS Csk Azu. "' a \P
CUSx ] . Ax "{' G z
A. "' Gu a \P Ex "CP' G
Azu. "wUP [P '. "wUP , " ' G
\Qx Cu Azuu.
"', "v' G Csk zu Esk. "' GuS
a\ "z'u. "', "v' G () "I', "Ao'
G uPa \Q Azu. "w' G wUPP u
& Tkx "v' G SPa \sk. "
v !' Gu mk \uUQx. "Ao ! a\k !'
GuS "v ! u ! G \uP CUQx.
"I' u "' G wUPP
" ' G SUQ \sk.
|h aPzv B\ A zx "{' zu
mk sqQ Ah ] uhP\
A zx "" H '' G zu mk
soUQ. "' Gx uPz "u[P' G \x. "
H ' G ""u[P Q au !'' G Azu.
Au \[P CUPmk "{'US Csk Azu G
Gv Cu? a \USx "' G
"CP', "BP' G Azu. "{' G "B', "BP!'
G Azu.
Bi "{ z' Gv "{' a \P Azu
soU Psh "}P BP !' G AzuS.
u, C[Q u P K Uzv J u
C Bhu sk Cx Uuzv
P v . Au ""{ z'' Gu ""z
{'' G zxU Psk ""z'' & "}, ""{'' & "B': ""}P |
B'' G Azu \xPq.
A~Uzu J \P U PkUS U Psh
A Cizu Azu GkzxU PQ. "Su Cia \
796
mh ! |P A BuPa \Q ! A zu
UPhx' G U Psk Az uP BUSQ
"{ ' uU PkuxkQ !
C G Ah Su G E PshiUPsk
Ah z ^mh GvUPUThz uUS Au
C G {zx, |a zvu Ah uP,
AUS Aimh UPP, u zxUPsk A J
Ph so _ G zvUP {UQ: ""u u
zi Pn Cv ux g\''. uzv A
JUS Euu P CUPq Auu "x', "w'
(|) G Gx \ ""'': "G' & G u
BP CUP. Aimh & G miUQ.
G vv, Ai J zu CxThz uuP A
CUP. B A, "} BQ' G Azu u zuP
Gx \mh Ax Aui sn sixu G
A PkzxkQ.
P , u u G zv x Cu zu.
Ci {zx uPa \U PQUP AP Azuzu
AU PkzxkQ ! Cx ux Sn Azu. Cuz uu
A {Sn Azu u hmh !
Bg\| ""u'' G \UPsiu
""'' {US ; mk uP C
GP. ""u & u: A'' G ""| u'', ""Ai''
G Azu, "" & : A'' G ""A (z) |''
G Azu. u G QP UQU
PQ A G B\ \Q.
"| P CUQ' G \PP, "} AxP
CUQ' G S \PP U[P u zx
AzuP sk G hu kkQPUTh Ax ]
zvv. AiUP, PmPuUS Au A
Pn
PkzxkQ
!
(]zx)
Au
uU[PUS Ci B\ PkzvUQ "{
z' G U sokQx !
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Cshx Azu Cvu ]ho CUQx.
C, x, Azuzv ]h xQx. ""z''
Gx u zu K zu JmiUPsk
SvP x ""u'' G k. "Pz' G "Pz
\nP E & a&22
797
u'. ""A Az Ahu'' Gv "Az' G

"Azu'. Ci {, z G Csk zu
z G J zuPU Psh "{ \Uv
u GS. ""{, z G Csk zuPU Psh
{ \Uv u GS. ""{, z'' G Kzu
Phzu zvzx BUQu, A zua
\uSUTh AP\ u A Chzx, ""B ! z
{ G } |Q { CUPzu CUQx'' G \z
uh u "z"zu AUSz uxkQ.
Au | \six { Uvk A AiQ
AU PhzvPP zvxu. "":'' G A
mkmhu {UvTh C EuUPP CxPsk,
""{ z'' \mh Qhzxk G uzu
\x PUThx. { Uvk, {P Ai k
Ah[Qx, {P Ah Phzu sh sk.
uh zu Jzu UPa \UTh C, \
B\u mh, B\mk Csk zu \ Bzu,
AuS A A UPa \u G Pmi
Auh E\u A~Uzuz uxkQ G A
P CUQx. ""g\ vP'' (B\mhuS P AvPP) A
u Pkzxk G aP (a&4) \ C[P
""ux g\'' & Jzu B\a \ zvUP B\mk &
UPa \uS v "g\vP'P A
zu PkuPa \x P CUQx. Cx Pn .
Cu zu mi A|P CzxU Psk
xmix Pu !
Cu UQx, \v u |Pz
uxPsh J z P Ah u Ah u
G \UP Pu UvP Cxmh & B\
Aizu Cu; Au v Cxmh & P Eu
sn, APh un a][Th uz[PU
Pski uQx. Au uzzu A AUS
A~P Pkzxk. A \Q US
PkUQx Au h zu uzzu
UQ Ezu E E AUSU PkUP?
S \uS C[P J x QhzxkQx !
""G Pm'' Av ""'' uzzuU
Psk Psh Ax AvUS QkQx. ""A'' G
S ix A~v A G zxUPskh.
798
n uzv {Sn Azuzua \mh, JU

Pmh, J vv Sn qP
Ah P \UvP kxsk G \ J
zuu Esk. B Cia \ x J]zzu mk &
E]u, J[Sz ux Gu mk & ""vzzuz
u'' q UQ n[P, Ia[P Au US
G GU Pkzxa \P. Ci Evzzuz u
UQ G J zv aQk G
]zuzv \Qxsk. |US (AzvPUS) zv
{Sn J Cx APUS |n & ,
]
&
\Uv
G
uvu
AP
Cia
\siUQx. B Ci Hu J ""Ax u'' G
\mh, UQ u x kQu ! BP Ci
GU PkUP Au zuuUPPUS BuPa \
sh G B]UQx Cu aP vxkQx ! |
|n Pq Ax ] BPq G zu,
z snu ! Pq, A Pq
sq. uPu Pkzx kP. A, Au
A
E
qk
Dak
IUmh
CPu? Au u PvUQ z u
PvUQ q Ax ] zv Auz u Pzx q
zu ] zu EshUQ k. Ci Au
zvk EshQ xu Au zvUS Ia,
U Gu z mk u E
Pxmhu Cu UP vz [P
HkzuUP i' G aP \ \Qx.
uQ A uP Buv u z IU;
A uP B uPS x Uv [P Ea\o
zu |P ! Axu Ai Azuzv Pskmkkx
G A~P P Gv zvUQP.
Cu \zu Ai v zx aP,
azuUSz u A uh n uzuz
uu uPzx zP PP ]zu
UQP G \u zu !
Azu & zu, uz & iUP, Uv & siz, u &
x (|P ) G \zx \x shP
Ci aP B\ A~UzvUQ.
\nP E & a&22
799
"" PzvP''
C[P Su vP Qh P\ (A uzvS)
} \QuPa \ Hmk aP u Chzv
z \Uvk IUQua \, Au Au uzu
AhuUS PU G Fz w }
\uPa \Q. (_.30)
"" uU{ & \v }| v''

i, P u G Phx z uz
"AP BQ G Azu. A[P \k Au B
G Jzu "":'' C. Uvh siz \u
CUQ[Th C. AuS E\u CUQ[Th C.
AuS E\u A AzuP Ezx P
Aa \UQ. C[P (""{ z'' aPzv)
|&}&BQ& u\P Ax mkUSU P xu;
Au B Ezu]zuv. A[P Ai. A "":''
GQx, Auk mkh, Gimh "":'' GQ. |P
Ax, ""}u |'' G u zxU Psi & ""z
A Cv u v :'' & G \UQ. u
G G EUQ AUS PU
Pzv BQkQx GQ. P
sqQ Ax CUS \P wu Pmi Uv
nqQu !
u } Qx. & q &
CvP Qh A uzv sq } J. Ah
AzuP B\mk Ai BUQU PshUS & Cia
\ AUS Gu Azu & AUS, zv
Au \UvP CUPmhUS Au U sq
} Cshx. uzzu zv sqhzv (x
aPzv) x } Qx. U\Uv P\P
UQ AUS B\ Cu u G U
PUQ A[P } PmkQ.
Cu iUP, vvUP, zvP G
CUQ. B U u vv, A , Ph]
i G Qx. vv & Pnk PmiU Pzx x & u
AUS U. Auu nzv P i, vv,
[PU SUS A, E, G A[P u, un
GQ "E' |zv vv A "E' u, A
"', Ph] uP iUQ uzv m
800
"A' G CUQx. C[P }[P Cui Q.

Su vP u[P Qhzu sq } vv. AP
CUQP, Pzu zxU PsiUQP Gu Cx
vv P G uQx. P C internal evidence - Em\
Th & aPzv uQx. ", q' Gu \x
UP C[P vvUS q u Su
G \mk Au a \UQx !
Pzu za \; Cvzu \UQx.
U \Q } Gx zua \x. Cx
US hP .
Ph] aP } i. Gi: B\ Cu
uz iUS A Pn G \zu AuU Psh
AUS A[P } PmkQ. A u PP g\zu
izvUQzu J P u P P,
uz G iUQ. Ciz u iPz u Cu
uzzvS a \US Au; shP CUS Au
a \UQx J P H _h Au Cu
uz G A[P B\ \UQ.
Ci } PkUS [P hP u
CUQx.
C[P | UQ u } , q, CvP Qh
P\P CUQx.
""za \uu?
yUP & n[P x v''
& q & z G zzvPa \u UP.
zua \u Axu zu. AiUP C[P
z mkmk Cz H \?
C[P B\h Ezu\ zzvPUS A G
Pmkv C. Auzu B aP, Akzu aP Csi
\a\ ! uvP vi u A
G xhPa \xu C[P Ezu\ Au P
P US q, uP Cv, Au
uP J Ph G h u {P Au
BQ U uPa \UQ. Cv
u Guk, AhvU P Jzu; QUSz vUP
UQ. vUP A CUQ P
|hUQx. Cx vv P G EvQx.
\nP E & a&22
801
Cx vv }, Au za \ G J
Pn \.
C Pn Esk. (Ax) uzzux. (G)
z & & u, Cu Phu {Sn G | Cv i
& & , vv & z & q. & u & z, x &
{Sn & G J zv G CUQx. |uPa
\ x Gx Pu {. A[P {Sn Gx Au
zu PmkQ Snux. i, vv, [P
zv Uz () & (P) & v ({zv)PP
CUQ. u J zxUPsk , F,
P[PU PzxU PU PsQ uu i. A
{ & Uuu Gv & P [P |hzxx
vv. G Ah[Q y[SQ v & . Ai C
y[S x y[P, EUS Gv mkU P
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G Azu. {PUS , E, Ai G
CUQ & B A\kP |US Aik uu & |x {.
"\xzu' G Au |US Q (slU) E{z
\Qx. Uu & & v G J \ &
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i & vv& [P Ash G macrocosm - BQ
Pzu |hzx Da \.
x mk CskUS x; CskUS J xu ! Sn
DaUS Bu zP Guz x J Sn
P "{Sn ' G CUQu z Axu J
US AuPUSBu "Bz' G Cx.
Cu
hLU
G
GuSa
\U
PhkzxQ, Gxu & US
Aiz umh & x {USU Qmhx G
Pmhzu. J x v { Gi h[Q
\uUQ Au v Uzv, u C;
vu CUQ. \uUQ G bzuk Au
\uzu A J z A~P vu Q u
v \uzv Cu b A~u C. BP Cu
Csk z vvP Gx uu. B[Th
J "', JiP k[P GUQ Uz &
[Pk "P' sqx vu x~zvSU
Qmhx. Cu g\ v u so US x
G PUSz uPP \v PkUS zu
802
iPzu , vvPzu q BQPh \au

\v
PkUS
zvSU
Qmh.
Au
zuzu ] G \, \Uu \v[P \x?
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\uP HmiUQx. z zv, Da vu G
PzvS zv, u] Ax ] A~U zv & Aux
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] G bP Sk so P
UQ z, Da, ], ] G J Gu
GsnUQx.B , q G AP Auu
zvP mk {UQ. Gu zvk JP
{v.
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CUPmh \Uv & |h uz uu Pa Au
u \Uvu; A & z z vPzu
z {UQ UPUQx; vP,
P {UQv. u \Uv
""Qu !'' ""x|Qu| !'' Gx v A|P
Pu TmiUQu u, ""v ! !'' G
Th.
, zUP ] (]k {).
qUPUS C. C[P A uzv }PU Qh
i |P \ uuPa \ (B\) {zvUQ.
Ax Ah v ] Aia \x &
Pzv J[S US Ax & G {zvUQ. Ezu
Pzv UPU P [P Pkzx aP[P sqx
sk n Pzv (Fh) ] \Uv P
uPa \ u, Cu () Pzv uzzvS uzzvS
u Pkzx soUPsk Sx Aia \
sh {zv UQx. u aPzvu
A A ] a\ \ &
Ah \uu A A\ i G ! Akzu aPzv
Ah J u qU Psku A Uz
sqx G \ ! C _ _ A AUSU
R \U PsiUP shu C[P ]a
\UP & ] P {UPk z \UP & Su
Cv |PuPa \miUQ.
zu | \uS zP J aPzv
]u A uzv |PUQ hPa \uPz
\nP E & a&22&25
803
u. ""E uzxUS J Aa\ somh x; Ax

zzvPUS souQkQx. Gi E uzv
AP u[P ] zx, AuS u[P PP Ag TU
PsiUQP. Bi E P sq Aa\
APh ]US souP BQkQx'' G A[P Qx.
Ai ]u Ah |PUPP JzuuPz
uQx? B aP \Pzu PP zu A[P zUS
]US \U P[\[Th Ch PkUP zzvP
Jzu mk zvzu \UQu u.
A uzv |PUS zzvP Ah z u
Sn[P J uPP mk "U'Pa
\UQx: ""zn u| zSn {u| u ]''.
Ah USn[P u zu z zu C[P
a_, Ah Snzv u AUP u Su
vu? AuU Su A |P sqx {u?
v u ] |PuP C GuP \.
zSn[P u zzvP A
AhUP G Iia \ {zu A[P
]h P {UPk za \UP i.
xP uP A UQP G Ii
h sq u Ai {uuu ]. Da, z
G Gu h Su, , Cz G mkmh.
C[P CP zv C kQP; Ax
CUQ J J C[P C !
""Azu UuPUS A''

bP u, Au } Q aPzv J
\kQ. Au aPzv ""z A'' (""} |'') G
A AzuP EUQPUS U Pzv
PmkQu \uS Azu Ax AP A
Gu. B i J aPzv (a.26) Pzv,
Ax Ak soUPsiUS (iU
PsiUS) a J u P, P,
qUP Eh, C kuPa \UQ.
Gi Cuz z & A EPP A uuPa \?
\u. AP AUS P Cu A
siPu. B AP Sn Ak AzuP
IUP A? Snu; {Sn. {SnzvS Hx
}\? uzu & Uo & Aoz & Au
G C[P A u Ah Ia[P Ah
804
\zvu aPP Ezzx Aa `vUSi Sn

vvu CUQ {a\kQx. & z & u v
Cu Sn Ak { PPzu C[P
\k "z & A' PP uxP sk.
Sn, {Sn Gi Ak J
P. B AUS P "AP' G Smk,
U AP wu QP G \UQu
G, AuSU Pn: Ah Cu |hP z u[P
squP APUS Azu CUS, Auh J
v PzxU Psk, ""Cu A Ci \Uvk Ci
\Q !'' G Uv Bu CxPshu
CUS. g\ i&vv& \Uv uzv Gu
zUS ix. Aux Sn zuk n
Azu n Ia x |hUPu P. B
Ea] { UuUS Sn squ u sqQ
v CUS; BP Au Ena] CUS. B A
Ai BPix. CuU SUS {zvP, Cu Cmk {uP,
A squ Uvk zx BvuP CUS. SnP E
{ z u ]P A~ Cx ! Pa \
Ci ]P A~zu Ph~ Pi JzuUSU
PkuPPzu z SnP CUQu G?
Ci zuzuP Ak CP
mh uPPu zuP A zvUQ.
Aia \ Au mkUS AP miUP
Gu Azu? g\ |hPzxUS |iPP
miUPshPu Av x Av
miUPsk Ax P. |iPP CUQ {US |
Pkzxmk, |hP UQPP EmPx
PsiP |hP |huS Gi BP?
Bi, Sn Ak J v Azu P
G , zuP Ah |hPzu P, UP
mk \QP, |iUQP G , Au "z
& A'PP g\ |hPUS AmhP. ""] Jzu
g_'' G \ aPzv g\zv miUPsh Azu
Ax Sx A zv uQ G Azuzvu
\UQ. BP A[P Aia \mk C[P Ai
miUPu "z & A'PP U }P
QP Gv shx C.
"]' G | x \Q Pa ]P, ]
G
{Sn
uzP
CUSxu
g\zv
\nP E & a&22&25
805
miUP. B z, a,
u] g\ P[P {USx A Av
miUPshu. zv g\ AQx z Au
AP Cu, Au A i A A
sixu. Cmh g\ mk zv G
Jzu J P CuP A BS? J B
Gkzxmh Au B AvPP P sixu?
g\ k x Av g\ Uz \ Hmh
AvPP hsixu. iUP, UP,
UP, izxh, izx mhvx
kUP P Cux x u]
zvP CUPsiv. Aizu |hUQx.
A [Pzu Ezu]zx Ah AUS
Pa, AUS BuuP CUS {Sn ]u Ax
Cx. ]zv {zzzua \si A]. Ax
Jx CUPix. Au mh \Uv vP &
(]zx) JUP vP & E Pa ]zuu
zv g_x. Ch mi Ck \x
h A Hmhuu ""v v zz & v''
(""vu ! Eh Cu v kQ'') G (26&x
aPzv) \UQ. ]zu AUS vP
{zx i "" '' G A B\
\x zu. B, Tha \x kux
{SnzvS uuP C[P Pa ] G Azu
sox.
"z & A' PPa \ aPzv AP Au ]h
Iazu vnzvP {P G J E\zvP E\zv
zx, J CUPP CUQa \UQ: ""z||
zv znu:'' G AP \u[Pzuk ! UPsn
Ia "z|| zv. Au P {UQP & "znu:'
Hia \ AUS "Da' G zu Cu
uzv "Ia' Hx? \Uv, oP Au
A DaP zvu ! A Pkzu Iazu, (]zx) by Her
leave - Ah u & PmiQu A. B ""} |''
G E so Ai A BUQU PshP
Ahu Au Iazu, \Uv Ak Jmh
u[PhuP PskPQP. Cu PzvS i Da
Qx J. AUS A n Iazu
PkUP. C AvPPUS Av [S mkU
PkzvUQ. Ak HR "z & A'PP
806
Ah n Iazu u[PhuP A~P.

Auu ""v|| zv znu:'' G...
Azu Uv kzxuPP Ci
E\zva \x. Aiuzu G {zxhUThx. A
Da
C.
Ahu
Ahxu. A Ah Iau: ""Ia
Cx:''' G P iUQ.
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\. B ""| }'' G \ ""} |'' G AP
\v | CUQx. U[P J ""|
UQ' GQx; C "Cu Bz, Aux
zPz ux ' GQx. C[P \ ""} |'' & E
Au U[P uzzv Ju G, P
xP iuP A[P (U[P) \
mk zu, u x G xP,
zvu
G
u
\U
PsiUQ G uzu soU P ChUQx. SPP
Uzvu CuU SiUS Ch, ""Ax ()
}UQ'' G uP Qx. C[P "z A' Gv
Au "}u |x' G zUQx. "} |
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hPz uuk |UQx. Au zv A
Iazv n zu A~UQ P ! Au zxzu
EPPzu EzkzxuPP B\ Dah
Ia CUS znzv G Tmia \x...
HR , Ak Gx AUS
Csk US A Gxu zuzv .
""Ah Pa ]''
G Ax k Pzv
mk Ak iU Psiu Au aPzv
Pa \ UQ: (a.26)
Au zv ""g]: g\z v'' & A
AhQ. "": B|v v'' & q L hQkQ !
""|\ R|\ v'' & G |\ha \Q , A
|\hQ. "R|\' Gx h J . ""u|u v {u|'' &
\zvS G g] C A Ax Azu
\ P ix. A ix Q: ""v {u|''. u|u
G S. {u| G i. u|u & {u|, |\ & R|\ G, Au
\nP E & a&26 & 28
807
zv A kQ v, B\ zuPk
kQ ! ""uz z uv u z\'' & J
Cv, A|P CvP \u mh Psi ""
{zv'' Gu AhxkQx. Pshu uP Psi
Qx! i Bzvx Au u A|P
u[P, J uzvS J x Cv
vPu Cv mh & ""u uv:'' & G
miUQ.
Cimh Pzv & "" (A)'';
Ax[Th, ""v v zz v & '' & Eh v CUQ,
A mk Ek iU PsiUQ !
""v''
G
AU
Tmka
\Q.
Azu
ikThzu Au a \U TkQ. v G
vu. vUS u Cu Chzv u nun squ
G (u) b \ mh A Ax.
A Au zv Ax ix uzv A
iu {z. \Uv Gi i i? {z A
v vuUQ. Bi, Ah v A
CuPzu CuPq? v |hxmh Au v &
P] & U u x "v' soUPskk !
BP Au v {z [Pzu mhu Ah
v Au zvTh zx Q.
Cu Azuzu ""uh[P
uzvUQ & u |{ uh[P .
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zu a v&\uPz vu: >
P z Puu: PP|
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\ C \ (u) Auzu (Bz A) Av[Th
(v \uPz:) , Cv u (avu:) Azx
uP (zu) ( zvx) AQ.
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(Puu:) Esh (\:) ]US (mk) (P P)
PUS Bmkux (| z) Qhu (u ) AuSU
Pn (u) Ex (uh[P ) uh[Pzv u.)
zu, Av EU PTh zu, \mh Eh
808
UP sixu; Au \mhP GUS

\PP u {zxUPsiUQ. B C[P
|hUQ Pu uRUQx ! Pzv, Au
\mh uPTh AxkQP. PTh G
G \ [P zua \mh a
Jzu zv g] {Q !
""D\k, H uk
AP h ''
J iUP G C[P A mk uzx J UP,
uP \x J UP G CUQ vu A
CUQx ! Su&&Cv G \ UQ G
uuP Av AhUPu; Ai, G uuP A
\nzv u[Ph Qh ì ] h UQP. Ax
Da Jzu zv UP uU PP CUQ. AuU
QhUP PPk \hsi A \ !
UQPUS,
UPuUS
A
Gi
v
sqQ zuu ]zUQx ! zuP
zv AxQP ! UPu zv Ax
mk zxUPsk, Ah kQ !
UQP
Qh[P
ChU
Psk,
UPu uPP A KkQ G Th J _P
CUQx. u ahP Ah \nzv u[Ph
Qh[Pa \zx |P soU PsiUQP. Ax
Da G[P mkz vQ. A G[P yzv
Qu zuh AUS vUv, Csk
[QUPsk Qu. A GvPshUPq G u
Bzumk Gx KkQ. Ax Ah \iP, zx
Si A Ga\uP aP soUQ. G,
u G G \ \iPh Ga\UP zuP
mk \ aPzu Bzx drama - effect Pkzx
kQ:(a&29)
""Qh g\ '' & ""h Qhzvx Q
[P.'' (Cx AP Pi o Qhzv A
ukUQU PuPP Ax \i \ Ga\UP.)
"g\' G "g] h'. h
P "g]' GQuzu B\ { "' soUQ.
B aPzv ""&&g\v'', Akzu aPzv ""g]:
g]''. ""g] u'' G PP Tmhzua \hzv
\nP E & a&26&28
809
""\n g\wv g]:'' G hL \UQx. "g\v'

G "i sqQ' G, CuU Pzu, "\P' Aux
uUP E ] oP \Q Gu "g]' G
G GU soUQx. \ PkzvUQ
UQx !...
""g] Qhzu mk Q |h[P !''
A, ""Phu: Ph Pj P'' & ""Ph
x u CUQ & Axu q & Ah Pmi
Qhzv ukUQskh ! zx [P !''
x&PhP q {z soUPsiUSx Ah
| Pzv CUS uUP uP. Ax A y[SQ
uPz uP G ix Gu A Ai P
{zv u, Au P {zP CUS A
siUPsk, A A~Uzuu A GvUP
snsk {zx A uz so. A Au
v q BUzvu... Aia \ q
UuPUSU P G? Au "Bazvu' G
sk vzvU PQ... q Bazvu uh
{z \Uv UQUPsh. A Gvx xPhP u
so. | aPzv a \h q \
|u Csk Ah ukzxu
xPhzuuzu allude sqQ ""Phz'' G
qUS miUQ.
Ah Qh "Ph'UQx GQ: "Ph Pj'
"Pj' G Qh. ""Su o&ap&P|zPj&siu'' G
u |zv A zP P]UQ Qh Aou
G Azuzv \UQx. Ph Qh G Pmi
Qh. "' C; Ai "'h CUS Qh. H G,
AuS h B\ "q uv P\u uz'zv CUQx.
Uu & Sh & u & [P & vh G A[P \Q. ][P
P Qhzu q zxU PsiUQ !
][P "'hPzu CUPq? iUP
G, A Uv, Au [PzvS A\a\
GuUTh q {zx UP Qhzu Ah u
hzv \zvUQ? A vh Uv sn
Kku Au [PzuU P Ch UQ ! Uv
JiP k x & Psn ][Pzv |z uzv
\U P FU Psh v & Gu A\ A\v !
810
Su & & CzP Sh[P A uzvS }

\uP \uP C[P & qa
\uP Cva \Q & "" Sh''. G
AU Pu CzUS G . ""Czh
Qhzu JxUS[P; Ax uzu Cia_skhu !'' & Ci
Ah \iP AUS Ga\UP sqQP. A |
{zv zxUPsk uzUS B\ ""u |Uv: u &
Ci Eh osP \x AzuP
[SQx'' GQ.
APh Ga\UP \[P u mPU PkUQ.
iUSx Ga\UP sqx Aux Ah
osP, uzvUQ. |k Gu uzv G &
Axu U? Au & \UQ... ""nu'' &
"aPzv \ u ahP |P soUPsiUP'.
AP |P sqxu uP G, C. u
G Smh J Pzv mk |hx. uP |Pu u
P |hx; ""\a (\auP) Su Pzu Sh:'' G
C Chzv (a.25) \UQ ! C[P \
u & "PhUm' & G? Au "" GQ ] E[P
UzvSz v x'' & "Eu' G vx. Ax
A Gvx Gv Pshuzu "Azu' GQ.
""Azu| Au'' G zu Pmhv CUP ! P
Ru (IV.7) \xu.
""u u u U{ & v u >

Azu| Au uuz| >>
""Gx Gx uzvSU S Qu, AuzvS
""Azu'' EshQu Au | G AuP
hzxUPQ'' G \Q. C[P "Azu' GuS
"Gvx' Gu zx "Ga]' G Azu sqx UP.
"Azu' GuS Gvuk Gv PshUP x G
Azu u QhUQx. Cu UQx Ru
aPzvTh Ci Azu sn, P Au
sqiP v CzxUPsk u Auu G
Azu sn G... (|k | ]UQ.) n, P,
sP] Au soxu A Au sqiP
CzxU Pskux? Au | G { Au...
(SPa ]UQ) ! B Au soPUS Au[P
G Pv Hmhx? Au xhhu !...
\nP E & a&28&29
811
Da APzxUSz vx A Q xi &
""'' G uS "J PPz xizxU Psk' G Azu &
Ai A Gvx KkQ uzvu Ah \n[P
ixQhUQ uP Qh[P A ChU P
UuP Si \iP Ga\UQP.
\n \u CP A Pzv
AxP mkmk, u h \nzv q G Ki
AUS mk Ax P CUQ !
P uP CiU Ph G uzv
AP Au zv Au QP? APh \u
AQx. E? Ah IUQkQx. Auh G Esk? P
\xzvPP P \zxQP, Da zv
Ah vzzv, [P \zu Ax
zvUQ \UQx.
Au vz, [P \[P uu.
Auu Pzv uPUS \ HkQ v
DaUS Hh Ah \ \auUQx. Gx
Ah E Ah E IUu. Csk
\[P AP uzuP CUQx Csk E J
P IUmkzu CUQx. \[P zu US
v&z G Cu Ah [PzvS Au v
[P \ Pzv
hUQx.
""n & ]n ''

Pzv mk uP UP Au
u |hu Pzv nzx ux. Au vsk uS v
AP _UQkQ v PTh u ux.
Au Gkzxa \kuS DaU Thu uP Cx
nzx ux mk Ah ""A !'' G KiP !
A ""Cu ug_u?'' G PmP, Th Ai
{UP, PsP, zQP, AuU PThzu Ai
Emia \mkmh.
Es , Aux "', Lord
GQ
AimhUS n ]n Csk n G \v
\. u RUQP A UPsk. Ax mk
ux. AP ua \u ]UP sk. [Pzv
Aizu UQ? Bzv, T, P.W.D C UP
812
Hmh. Au v, Auh UP, G Pm G

]UP immP CUQ.
&A uv n&]n P
. vP Au mk |hvUQx.
u bzv A \ zP sou uP _
zxUPsiuPu AP ]zu. \
zP so zP Akzu Au Gkzx, Au
uPUS | |PP J z Esk squS Au
Auzv u xP Cx AP zu !
UPshk ][Pzu \zx \zu ]x, uh
\ Pmh?'' G Au vuUSU P x
Au ]zux. Auzu Chx P A
Euzu Gx ! Ax P Pu. P Pu zu |UPs
| A G Au |U Pso v
Chx PUS Ahxu. Aux C[P ] J v
A [S B A A, u A mk,
AUS zx Pkzx zxUQ ! Auk {P
UQ AUS AUS A \Uv ux, u PP
]zvUQ G AUSU "P 'U Pu
kQx ! C[P (u ) uh[P a \Q
aPzv, n PzS zu EunP A
zua \mk uPU Px A A zuu
bPkzvUQx.
A US P A Ah Pshzuz
uh uzu xP izx A[P {zv G nU
Pu \P.
Ai PTh PshzvS Cu mk
sn mk k G? Au |i E Gkua\ !
""D\US Emk x A''

BP uz . Cu nUPuPUSz uz uz
uzv CUQx. G CUQu: ""]'' G J x
CUQx. Ax PzvS x & ""a''. [P
P[PUS Ax x Gx mk. Czu PzvS
PnP P (o) G CUQu, Ax w Au ]
x. Au? '' & Ci u \Qx. Au z
zP {z \ Au z AP \Q.
""
a
!
PTh
zua
\mk
}
zvUQ EUS x Pkzux ! Au GUSz
\nP E & a&28
813
ux G {UPu ! Au zP Cx GUS
\h Q !'' G PP " z a'zv Au Chzv
uQx. G Au ? Au Gi uu h _
PzxUSz uUQ?
""A ! EUS Csk \. Cx Av z \Pz uQ.
"zP' (zUS \) G P |k[SQ Aimh
Pzv C P "Pu' & G Au |
"Amh' soUQ. B Aimh EUP "]' G
[P CUQu ! Aui? Gi, EUP Ci
[P C \uu''.
(uu UPP ] uP ux UPPz uhQP:)
zu Pzv |x&Pmhx G CUQ G J Da
u u, |uS mk God, PmhuS satan G |h
u \v[P C. Dau zPUQ;
\uP, ~U zvP ] GUQ.
P zv, ASzv G CshPa \x P Gv
P mk Ph u GU Pmh AhUP,
AS Gv A, \u, u u G |x
AhUP Azu. P UP zu Pmhxu {
Cx uQx. Auu "P ' G P \x.
B PP ixh A[P[P Ax J C
\u, U, AS x Pzu \kzxQx; vUS x
ux sqQ v PzxUS x ux ] sqQx. |x
Pmhx Csk Pu a P GuP Cu ~ P
|hUPq z [P. Cv Pmhx Pg\ v
Cuu Pzvu uzx, |x Pmhx CskUS Awu
Bz vvUSU Pzu Gu Pmhu v
zvUQx G zxUP. i Ezu\ |
GUS ""Cxu'' G {a\Pz ux. Auu, "|, Ci
sk zxU P' G. v Pmhx Cu
Aik Pmhxu G Pzu BUQhUThx G z ]zu
CUQx. "a' (Px) G PmhuP mk Gi
CUPi? Au vUS x uQ P PzvS ]
x. JiP vz wzxkv. Ai so
P J |uQk ! J \k mk A ]
C G BUP i? ]UQx, \ mk
AuUS ] wUQx, i ], i \ GQ v P
vUS A ] sq x. Au x? Auzu
u \Qx, "]' G.
814
""A ! E z \zu ] \P soUS x G

u? Au ] }mi "]' G \xu x. G
\zvS P CUPmh zUS [P A
G J zz (u) CUQu ! Au ]u E zzu
\ so ]P BUSQ x'' & Ci av \Qx.
Pzv miU Psk |h PhzvP
Au x Guk mk u ixh. A
""a'' G izxh. P |hPk
xUS z vQh Pn UQ \
sq ""z '' Au G zv \vUQx.
]h z ] G Azu \ x A G
Pz u [PP CuP zxUPsk, Ah z
Gu & Aux Ah Sn G UP & A "]'
G \Q. B, C[P u \ Cu Ai Au
] x \uu z ] G B GQx ! (Bs)
\ (s) "] u' GQx. Ai, ] GQ
zzu Hmh \. uhx. B \
uzv Cx. xa \i "P' GQ. "P'
("P') s. Au Pa \mk BsSu UP
i? Ax, ""Cu \ Au Pu'' G
\Qzu zh \zu ]h \P ]
zx Au \zu ] u Gx. "' su.
"' G |PPa \ u U Pmi Cia
\UQx.
Ai PP ]\ Hmh A u
uuP A u skuP Av v \ AP
A A B. AUP PP Cu z
PzvS uP u A u. Au A Ezv Pn
Qzu A uPU PTh vUP Auz u [Qa
\mhx. Cx AUS x u Au zu P,
\ Hh uP A, Ak PvUS A,
zu.
P [PUP A Ph Cxmh x, AP
z Hhx. AiUP US E Pn P
CxPsk \zv vP A CUSx Gi
Az uUS? , Gxu Giz uUS? B\
USi DaUS PP| C. PU PnUS Ah Gkhx;
Pzv i AUQ. ""P'' GQ. Ph
miUPuzu Aia \x. C PP. "zg'
\nP E & a&28
815
G Au A \zxa \, zg z
BUzvPP UQ. z zuUP Gi z
EshS? zxU Pkzu ChxPP Az uh [Pzu
GUS AP BUQUQ.
Ak u APU Pvu A
vUP zuu P [PUS Q zv A Pzu
izx Av zu {zv zuuPU Pmi. uzv Ax A
US uTh J sn i
Ah CxuUS. Cu [PUS vz
usk. A usk, AUS
vhu usk G hz u P A
Pshzu izx A[P zu {zv.
Au EUa\ ! Azu uP PvP[P
zuua\ ! Au zu Ps Ga\P G ! AiUP Au
Gi } Psn iUP UP iux? zux mk.
P Ai Emiz vmi GkzxU Psh ! Au EUS
|P (|) G? zux mk, P
GkzxUPshx mk. | }P, EshP J
|P vz vmiu "U' G US mkU Psh!
|P Pux, zuP Av\ SP PkP, Ai
SPQmhu? ("|USUS Ai a_UP, BP\zv UP'
GQ v AzuP Ja \ zuP SP PkP.)
Ai CuU PTh JP EUS uzu, zu Psn
GUQ Au US mkU Psh?'' Ci B\
PmSx & "]|u 'xu \U PsiUQ &
"zu SP' GQx zu zzv uQ SP
{zxUPsk "z'zv "]'k PUm so
PmuPz uQx. Auk A AuU Pzv {zvuS J
AP Pn C[P QhUQx. ""zu, Gkzu,
mkUPsh ! Auhx {? C,
mkUPshu C E uU Pshzv zxUPsh.
EUSU Pzv }o "|U' mkUP sk
B\xu CiU PshnP AhUQUPsh? \''
G PmQ. ""\'' & ""u'' G U Pmk aPzu
izvUQ.
J B\u. Au AUS n Gx
mkU P sk G CvUPx. AUSzu vUS
A[PP Au U Pzv }o n AS \
sk CvUP sk. Auu u [Pzu
mk, Ax P \zu mk A AuU PTh zu
816
Cu Ch u A Si \vUP i Ai
sn Au \[S v Pshzv zv }oP
Ax U PsiUSiP zxmh !
A \au, Auk vu, {z [P Gu
a Gu zv Ahu \auP BQ. A
\au uP \mh P AuzvS GxP
A CUP sk. H Au Auzua \mhP
zvSz ui ! Ah Pzua _
Au PP KkQu Ax AUSz "uso mh k'
Gu Azu? BP A AuzvS Hu J
BUP sk.
Ax G Ez uz ]zxu, \uu.
zv n sn \Uvu P Auzu h
{z uQ Cxu { Au ! Auu A Au
\u zv'' G \uUQx. P Auzu
xUP x G \x UP. "" x G
\x UP. "" x'' Gx Axu. z uu x,
GUS C zvx G Azu. C[P | aPzv
"" & z & p'' G "z'US i \ "' Gx
u. \P, B zuzv A\UuQU Ps
u, Px PmP, |hUP i G AumkU
Psk ] G ? AuSa \ !
Auu " x' Gx. Au zUP {zvUS
x, |USz uu xUP x G Au
\u Au xUS xu? Au Au \u
zwPzu u & "a ' & A h
PP CUSx AUS Gi A Hh i?
BP, "u U, u U' GQ & BUhm,
zv Qhx G CUQ J P. BQ Jzu
u zu Ax A shmih u Uu GQ
& Ai A u Uzuu zvPmk
PTh zv uPmk, uzux.
""A uh[P''
Auz u Uzuzu Ah ""uh[P '' G
\UQ.
u av G, P so u \z[P, Qn
z Eu]zu Ru v GP. B\ UP
vk \UP. US A x G av UPzu
\nP E & a&28
817
B\ C[P v UPPU PkzvUQ. Ai Pizu

AQ Gu, E x A G va
\, (A x) Ah [Pa ]
uh[P G u | \zxa \UQ ! "u U' G
x \uz "uh[P ' GQ.
iUPP, Auz uh[P uu ! Cu v kQ
G, | J x\Pa \. Pu \uzu
JUQ. ""u \ uh[P'' Gx Pu US. u, u
G . \ G _ G J Azu. "\'u vx "_'
B G uQx. C Azu. Gu CUS "\' G
. "u \' G G Azu. Bv Pzv
[P hh Gux zPh
[P Bn[P [P z uUPu K |USUP
u G xmhx. "uk' Gx u.
Pv Au Ka _mizu mkU PsiUQP. |
zvUQ. A|P Si vP Ai mkUPsk P
UP[P u Bv | n zP Eh & Pu
USi z \Uv Eh & G Kz uku mkU
PsivUQP. Auu Pzv HPa \ zuk
mkU Pshx Th Au " K' G \ UP
Hmhx.
"P' G umha \x. "P', "P' Gxu Ai
Bx. |k J P, _ B G, |k PoP _ CuP
J u CUQz uk Pmiu "P' G zxU
"P' B. AiU PmhkQ U PUS Au "P'
G ux. ""| Eh P'' G E\u zua \P.
Czu , h, hP xmh CUS A
A mkUPQ G PSo
a\ [PPUSU PkUQ.
"u' u () G uP uQu, "uh[P'
G azn (Puo) "u'zv AiP uxu. "u'
Gx "uh(da)' G BS. "A[P' G ]. uhzu [Pa
] "uh[P'. "uh z' GTh Au Bnzua \xsk. "u
\' G "uh z' Gx. "uh(da)[P' Gu
A "uh(ta)[P' G vUQx. uk, AuS PU Ssh
(Cu | US, UQ) G C, uk Ssh Csk
\zx so |P uh[P G uQx.
u, uk Csk \ [Pn[PS.
[Pz Pzumkz u C[Sx Pu
818
mkz uh uh[P C[Qh sk. Au J |

Bzu, Pshzv Th A uz "u U' G
\Q v "uh[P U' G \ sk. Auzu
B\ "uh[P ' GQ. "[S mkUPsk Au
\mh Azu uP Ax P. US [Q,
u a\ v zua \mh E v A
CUQ Ax E uh[P u ! & u |{
uh[P !'' GQ.
azzvS \ v. g\ u[P E\uu BP\ uzzv
GQ \uzu UuP g\v[P Cx Ax. u
Ci azzu Umhuu av G
x? Eu\[P PmkU Px azu.
Au
S
o
Azu
BP[P
v[P Au ]x v S Dahx
uh azzv PmkU Psh. GUS P
|h zu, uz Rzu G A PmkU
Px azzv u?
Cuu G, Ah uh[Pzv |h
B\US Uv, u. " [P' Gk AUS
[Pa ] Ax. \vP Ah Csk uh[P G
|zv : uh[P & P & u uk sh G. Au
\vP |US PkUQ A Csk [P
G B\ Cu u \UQ (a&34)
BP Auz uh[P[P J UP a z [Pa
], C UP SuP |UP mkQ z
zzv ] G BQx. BPu Pazv
AQsha \Uv [P u[P iu AUS Bx A
\U vh so Av AvPi \Uv BPn so A
\kzu {zux Au \Uzu uh[P zv so
Ah azvzv vizxmh. z z,
z z u Pg^zv A P \Uv Cu
v Auux AUS Gv z & &
\U u so. Ax Ah uzv Ph].
Pa A z. AuPPU P z uUP i?
A mk; u, , BP\ Gvu (z uUP) ix.
z mk iu AiU Pg] so.
Pazv G so PUS P
Ah [P ] ]zu Psk G {zx
CskUS xa ]P CUQ uh[Pzv \Uzu AhUQ
\nP E & a&28
819
zzvS z, BnzvS Bn GuP Au AUSa

\zvmh. Gi Cu u uz \z uzzuz
uzxUPsk, P uzP APz uUQu,
Ai Auzuh[PVP \z v [PUS n PkzxU
Psk, Au AUS AS \Q & ASUS AS \Q &
BnP CUSiP somh !
\U, ]\U uh[P[P G Aa \x,
\Uzv Jx Bn \U[P Cv | ] \U[Pu: Ix
Ahx. |h uzzv aP (a&11)
""\x: Psh: ]v: g\'' G Cu \UQ.
C[P " Psh' G A "]v' G
\x "uh[P ' aPzuk zuP AUQx.
" Psh' G }Pshu. zvS "' G Cu
zxzu " Psh' Gx. uh[P aPzv
\mh AUS Av\zuzu \Q. "]v'
GA Ah z G Pkzxa \x
Ah [Pzu, EUu, zu ]
A~U ]zuzu uuP CUQx.
C "z ' G u \. B\ |
Ch \Uv [PUS zQz u[P i B.
uzv Ax zP. P P [P \Uv Sx
uu A zuzv Bv vhu {
P \Uv AP u[P i. |US EhUS x
Qx i BU u | B xUP
UP iQU Pg]u |x G BQu? Ai !
Ah A~U \Uv Ax "hm' sou
u[QUP PzvSa \Uv Cux. Axu B\ GUm
\Uv \U uh[P[P AhUQ, Au AUP BnP
mh.
aPzv A \Q U Pu AUS
DaUS A EU zz Psh nUQ, A
Ah EUzu & Aux [P A vv EUPz
u P & AUSU Pn nUQ !
J zvSa ]P Hu "' G UP,
BP mk & UP P, P BPmk & Au
USx Au zvP Cua ] i
\uP BQkQx. ]zxUS Hmh, Cx mh
Ax zvP EshUSQx. ]zvP J \Uv
EshQku Ci |hUQx. szvSa ] Eu
820
(r) mkU Psh s zvQx ! Ax Ax

, Pn Hu wmk xmh v PzTh [Q
Qx ! P, P G [P zv
vP UQ ][P zu[Th Ci CUQx. u]U
Pi Gx J ]u. AuS Av |hUQx G u
uQx. Ax Ax u {P u\zvS Bzx Qx.
Cu Szu Pzv Pi, Pim uP u
Avzu PkP ]UP sk \mh soUQP !
uP J ]u. B | uP
iU PkUS \Uv AuP CUQx G Azvu
AUP hmTh AuU P zxU Psk a n
GkzxU PQ. (]zx) |vPP P Ax P & ]
E zx Q i, BvP G \UP
| |h a ][P UQ, Q G
CUQx !
]zu Ax \ zvP & zvP
HkQx GuPPa \ u. uh[P Aizu.
Aux, vUS G uh[P C[P sk Gx mk;
Auz uh[P C[Pvu vUS Hh ix ! AUSU
Pnzvx [P G ] mkQx uh[P
miP. z A Au Ai
([Pa ]P) {zvP. Ax AuS
uP Gimh "', "' HmiUS? DaUS
A G AUS Auz uh[P [P P
BQUS ! AuP J \Uv EshQ Ai zvUS. Au
Amk G[Px P, C[S? C[P C[Px. z
AUS P CUS uzu Ax Pg\[Th mkU
PkUPxu? Ax Ai iuP ""C[P mh'' G
EmPvUSx US zu, zu J
ix. Axu B\ \ uh[P .
B "Aim'hP G P \Uv Aa
\zxu. A Pkzu J x J
Qx. u Gx Cu Ax "" u\ ''
(""G \Uv A\Pz uu'') G Qn z
\UQ. Auu B\ ""u |{ uh[P '',
""A, Eh uh[P '' G Snzva
\UQ.
\nP E & a&23&28
821
""q mhu?''
, Cv u G uP P AQP:
""zu a v \uPz: vu:'' G C[P \UQx.
"v' G . "\uP' G Aau so
Cz. "Su & & Cz' G qa \zx Qh
} PkPa \. A[P z mk \
mh. C[P zv APa \x q
miUQ. "" A'' G Csk, aP
va \ (a&26) Ax AQP G m PkUS
x ""v v'' GuP qUS Ax i
Hkua \, C[P Aa \. A
u A i i Aia \
UQx? Ax u &
Auzua \mh uP zu C[P a_.
""uz vu:'' G uS ""Auzu \mh
uP'' G Azu. q Au uzv x snu
Jzu\. Au Phx \mh AUP
uPUS \u Au. A A APk
\x Phu. zuu u PhU Px |z
"uv[Qnu' mhx Au Tu so Au
xS hiPz u[QU Psh. Ph] Au ux
Au Au zzvSx uu zv J P\zv Psk
ux. AuP A GkzxU Psk APUSU
QhUP uPUP zP x ! Au
Gu v A EmP G B. BP G
uPUSu A Au mh u A \h.
Puzv Ai (A Au \mhuP) C. Auu A
C[P \UP.
{z [PP A Cu ]a \UP.
z & a & u] & Pa G G ]h
ukzv {u Au zvP G C[P
\UP. "[P' G Azu PkUS ] u
"[P'P Cu PzxU Pk u {z Pn
uzuU PzxU Pkv B\US Azu P !
"Ah vmk !'

"] u~' GuP US Csk \[P J \P
APhuP CUQu u \x; Azu |a
zv AP HP \zv vP Cx & BQ Csk
822
A[P \zx B\ AUSz vmk mh Pkzx

J aP soUQ ! ] \Uv vUQ v
\vUQ v, uzu \[P J \zv A[P
(vUP[P) Cu z G Csk
APa \x HP zuP, HP \uP CUQx Gxu.
uzuP Csk , v \x J \, [PP A
CUSx |P P A _U Psix, A
Pmh EUS zxUPsk A zvP
unzv G Cx, CuS GvmhP xP &
G AP Cx J uzzuP HmhuS.
uzzu PuPa \xsk. PP Au zu mk,
sqP. Aizu Az viP B\
ix.
vmk ! "vh \zu UPz viU
Pskmh ! vmka \zu Jzxzu P? Ai C
Au \zuz uUS JzxU Pskmh ! vix
mk, [Qmh !' G Pi PmkQ AUSU
Psk {zv aP \vUQ (a.23)
""z z & zu| |

\u \ & A \[P u Az >
z Huz zz P An z||
S\ B| Si & \] & `h & Sh >>'' 23
(z) GUPn (Huz zz ) Cu Ex E (P
An) x \h (z|) UPsqh (S\
B|) |QP x (Si \] `h Sh) vU Psh
P\ Shzxh (Eu,) (\:) ]h (:)
Ch UPa \ (z) E (z) AUPmk (Azu)
(Ai) n vv Pnu (|) (E) zv (A)
(\u A) v \[Th (u) AUPmhuP (Az)
Buu (G) (\[P) IQ.)
""z z'' G BUQu AUSz vmk mh
PmikQ !
"z'' & E, "" :'' & h \zv Chx UP;
""z'' & vhmk, ""vhmh '' G uzu
zx Azu soUP sk. "A ! E a
Chx P vhmhuS '' G? ""Azu
|'': n vv Hhu ; h Pzuz
\nP E & a&23
823
viuk E zv Ahuu; ""\: A \u

A u Az'' & \ \ v, \zv v,
vhmhuP B. J vz viv zv Ahu }
v vimh.
zu mk B\ uz[P { CUS. C[P
u "Azu|' GQx J "A' Qx. ": + "A
zu|' Gx "zu|' GUQx. Akzu
"\' G "\: A'zv J "A' CUQx. B
Au "A'US Cu "A'US Azu ! n & "'n,
zP & "'zP GQ v JUS {z u hP,
prefix - BP, "' Gx xsk. Ai "zv' "
zv'USuS "zv' G \x. "zv'US Gvu
"Azv' Au Azuzvu, "v Ehz vi Gi zv
EshS? v zvu Esha_' G Ezuzv " zv
Ahu ' "\u A' GQ Chzv "A' G "'
G Azu. "\zv v' G C[P Azu.
US P mk A Gx zv. Aizu
{zx B\ u\ sn ; Azu|aP
US G {zxU Psk . B A zux
G? u & uUPa \zx UP Q, Cv v Av
vP J \u zv, G {zx . B x
u Pzu Cux ! unP GQ x UPu ! u
J (iP [P\), A ] G A
PmiUQ. Ax v v AuU PPP CUPsk.
C Azu[P G Aizu CUPq. B A zu
zv Ai. Auzu ""P An'', "UP
]P P]x' G \UQ. \P Ax.
""S\ B|'' G Auzu \Q. Au CUQ.
A Pt. (""A P...q !'' G Su PUQP.)
A UP AP CUQx !
Azu|a Gx A|P v [P Ju?
Ai ] & v, |h & ]Pu, |
z GkzxUPsh Pa & Pa G
uzuP APUS Esk. Pa & PaPP i
u\ G Av Ah Uz A[Q kQuu
( Au \) A zv uP u\ uu
AvP. Pg^zv Aizu CUQ. B Cu uUSz
uu v B\ |iUQ. A v A v G \u J
u uUSz u GQ v |iUQ & A {u xv
snq, vmk mh PmiU P hq GuPP !
824
un P AhuP Cu zu. v
Auk zvmkh mh. v iUPzu
. J Cu A mkUS Cxk. B J
zv JzuUS Gi v Qhzxmh Aa
_UPhx. UQ iUP . Aizu
EuP G[P Cu u k Azu \zu
z AUSU Pkzuu , UQv A izxU
Psk mh G B\USz umhx. uzv
u G? iUP, P \x kuPP Aiz u
v PmkQ !
Az vh, UP vh, z vh Gx Az vi
z viQmh & unz vmi; v aP
C \zu vmk somh & G {zx kQ.
"uPn v' (vh u) Gx u USU Pkzu
. G uP sqQ Gu uU Su u
mi \mhx: ""E[ P P'' ! Au E[ P
Ph Eh Ai Pu vi A G B\
imh !
B viuPz u mhP \h sh...
"" Chzx \. Au | mhPa
\ miUP sh ! Gu n \UQ A]
uP [P zvPUP P Pmh Gia
\QP? "| H miUPq?' G zu \QP?
"Question-I Parry so mh G kQ. S G
|Pz uuUTh Pmi Aiz w sq "S
GPmh alleged G u kQ. Au | UuP
\'' G B\ {zx,
""\u \ uz'' & " v \
E vhmhx' G wP i soa \, ""\u
\ \[P uz'' G J "\[P' |k \zvUQ.
""\[P'' G "uUQ'' G Azu. ""Au v E
uP snmhu G GUS J u'' G zvP
miUQ. Ci J uzuU Q x, Ax
mmh hUTh |PU PmP vxk
Gu Ai hiUQ ! S G PL so
JzuU Pmi Auk k; Ax {
\x. B "uu |' G Ak {zvU
Psh, Axu Jzu Au {zx B
Aizu CUPq G iP PL soU
\nP E & a&23
825
PP. u Gkzu i Gu Cx |P {S !
Az vi G m so A\, Q\ uUS Au
PmQP Aizu, (A viu) G wP
Ahz ysi Pkzx B\ zv \vUQ?
Pu Gkzu fact-BP Ai \ hPP Hux
UP sk. Au "\[P' mi.
""\[P'' & ""ukQ'' & G AuSU Pn \
sk? x Pu umk h?
Ax z \Uv , vi G?
{U Pn \UQ. ], zv
A Csk UP zhuP CUQx G Pn Pmiu
zu. B Ax zv Gi x? ]z vi G
A \P Hux Chzv Cuu Ai
ukx {? vmk shzv Pg\x
Jzuhuu A \&m sn? A
UQ, J Ahu Chx UP
Gi x UP zvQ z BQUP.
Ai x UP \ C UP x
\UP. B\ u\ sn Au
G[Px UP. C zv CvUP.
BP \ vmk zx Hux Ch
Cu CU S \U Thxu?
Au B\USz uuv. ] \zua \u Csk
A\[P Ah zP zxmkzu A
umiUQ. G Csk? J ""z||'' Csk: ""Si \]
`h Sh''. ""z||'' G uvUS; "UPs'. ""Si \] `h
Sh'' G "\v h Ti Sh'. UPsn,
\va u? Au Csk AUSu?
"zP' G u AUS \uS "UPsn'
Gu Azu. zPzv \ z aPzv "v
iP [P z nx'' G x A ] \v
Cuz uUQx. C[P \x iP [PP .
AiUSx [Pzv Ea] n \v CUQ;
"nx' G Au aP \Qx. Au US P, Ps, Px
G A[Pk E zv Ea] n \vP C
P CUS.
BP, UPsq \z P a \u. B B\
u\ sox Ah Cu Csh A uxmh !
Cx {a\P A Aizuxu? Cu zu "\ m'
826
ThU PkUP "u' G mhPa \ viu

G | mh PkUQ AUS Ev sokQ !
C
x
A
uUS
uu
PaP Cu. PaUS h |z (|UPs) Esk;
Aux AUS zu |z[P. u | Bzv
\ ""yn U'' aPzv y An
Uu C[P \ ""P An'' G a ] .
""yn U z||'' G A[P u C[P ""P
n z||'' G PkzvUQ. Aux PaUS
EuP A[P \ ] , UPs Csh C[P
B\ \ x mk AUS uPa \ux
G x vhx uP sox G zx iUP
\vUQ ! AuP Au z aPzv ""u|P & \P
uR B| & '' G Qx. ""u|P \P'' G
\v\P G Azu. z AUP UPsn
Cx Euuu z aPzv Ci n PkzvUQx.
Auz ""u|P \P'' uh aP i B\ ""Si & \]
& `h Sh'' G miu C[P Au via \zxU
PshuP mh PkzxkQ & Ax, UuP, Ai
""uUQ'' ! B| '' G A[P z \Pa
\u C[P ""S\ B|'' G \ Cx AUP
Ezuxu G zxkQ.
BP Aa \uuP A[P ] , UPs, ]
\zP, z \ G | \v | B\
C[P \ Csku Aa \ux, Csk vhx
Azux G vmka \zuP Pmi {u xv
\vUQ. A vUS v \zu Azxmh G
S zvP GkUQ B\u AUS Eh | v
Ahx AzvUQ !
""uw, z||'' G |zvS AUS
\UQx. ""\ \zPu'' GuP A \z\PP
zvuuP Aa \ aPzv ""\x,
\zPu'' G Qx; \zP ]nPU Psh
G Azu.
Aux AUP \zP, z|z Esku. \z
Aizu ozvUQx. Pa ]z[PTh Ai mk
zvUQ. B b B\, ""bz
QhUPmk. A uz \Q; w GkzxU
P, Au wzv {u xv \ G
\nP E & a&23
827
A&uz?'' Gu Cu uUSz uu v Au
Csk A \ux, Ahu C viUP sk
G u ukuP imh. "Pzx x [P
UPs, \zP G ]hx Gu {zxU
PsiUQP? b u Au Pik \ux
Ci iUQ.
\zuz vi vmk zu Jzx UQ v
Au JUP zvUQ. G[P Jx? uUSu, (sk
_zxU TQP:) uUSu Jzx zxU Psk
G {zvUQ. ]zxUS \Uv GQ v \UvUS
]u ! Ai BUP skuPP J v A [Q
mhxu Azu |a A. PQn vTh,
""v ^mi & Av vz vxsk''
G imiUQ ! ""Q G [Q'' G
AnQ|u US CUQx. h \QP C,
Aimh AP Su ""Pia_z vhq US''
G Pg_QP ! (]zx) A Pzv vmk mk "h
P' kQx ! B\ vmkU PPa \u, AuUTh
doubtful- BP ""\[P'' mh \u | h PP
Pskxmh ! A ""]|u '' \US J h
P bPzv, Au Aihu Ci sqQ ! Au
h G, K h; A|P hP. Azu
zv ] so hP: B u so zvU
Psh P zvx J & ""Pz[P'' G Aua
\UQ. zu Ezx Ck PmiU Pshx
C & ""P| \y Psh|'' GQ. C, Qu zv
ux, Pmk ! Pzv Azu xUP
uUQ ! ""Au x'' G Au Pa \Q. EzuP
zu, Ck vP zu, Cu uu
P J zxU PsiUQ zuh
B\US J ][P u U so B& z uP
mkUPsk A v K izxU Psk
Q vz umhx. ][P S UQx
u S UQ. Csk US "g\P'
Esk. x u PzuUPshu ][PzvS "g\P' G
. Ix P hzuu US Ai . ][PzxUS
US ]h zx Ci aP soUQ. A[P B&
Pz v wzxmk AUS AhP Aua \[P
zv uh a ][P zxU PsiUQuP
828
ozvUQ? Axu C[P GUS bP x, Au v

Au A VQmk AuS AhP h
|zzu \zP PmkQ \z
u. \zu US UP v sh ][P
miUS ! C[P A & zv | Gi zxU
P, Au \ UP C \zvS k,
US AvP iP AUS h |z mk x[QU
Psk xmhx; \[Pk \ ]
uu \z P Ai uh mkmhx G
zxU P !
uzv h, vmk ! Au zg
Ch uh[P zv AuP BUSQx
GQx Au {z Gi h sqx? vmk
uzv Au C zv soUQ PP GkzxU
PmiUQP. Au \, uzv Ah
zv |hu J [P AUS Eu Rzv
A uUP viUPskmh ! Au J ,
HP \ P u, P [P u.
Azu|a zv Csk US xP E h |z
Pu sou AuP Rzv v AUSa \ sk.
B Pu zv G A Rzv uP soU
PsiUQ ! P UP Ahu Chx
uzu |huu AuP Rzv AUSxu. B
Cu UP A uP soUPsk Pzv G
hmi mkU PsiUQ ! Amh mh & ""Ah u'' &
Gu \u Gmk U UPP A Gmk z[P
Cv vUSUP Pu zvP vUPh
P zvP AUPkzvU PsiUQ ! Au
vmkU Pkzu ! A zv Ah v uPn
vvUQ ! B AUP uh \, Bz
G An so vuP C A.
Azu PU Pso zx P , CUQa _
GQP Ax SiP v \zu nPz viuP
B\ imh.
uUS AhUQU Pskmh
Gxu uz. CUS A Ah[Qmhuu P
v A mk zv UQx |USU S
CUP. u & u G kv J Bu Ci
u
u
G
USx
Cx
\nP E & a&27
829
JBuPzuUQx ! "u' G A zx
uku "uu' G A zx
uuP CUQx.
, \Uv G Csk, Csk zvu
CUPsk A ]\Uv IU oP E
Azuu iP aPzv Em.
(]x | PU Ps i Cx, P Eh[Q S
TQP:) J ] vP CUQx. , A,
A zv G {zx Aua ] A[PP zx
zu |U Ps uQx, \vP uQx ! zP, |US (
\[Ph[PUS) \za Au Csk
bPkzxQ. A uQ G zu C. Cu
Cshz u A \zv Gx u. Cimh A~
{ zxz u B\ (zu S) ""K ! v \
Ehx G zv BUQU Psh, P P Ax
u G v Azxmh?'' G PmiUQ.
]uzu [S h ix? P zxh sk.
Axu A sox.
"" n''
\, Bz G A Dan sqx
|kuzv a_ ux. Cu zu Ah | AzxU
PuP
"" : ] P A z \|
Pv: us& Un A\z & v v: >
n: \: P AQ Bzn & z\
& : u x & u >> 27
G (27&x) aPzv UPPa \Q.
| sqQ P P AUS AnQh sk
Gx _UPP Cu uz, , , Av PP z
Pmkx, un |P, u v[P \sj
BvPU Pkx G A P A|P
P[P EPP sqQP? C G
snsixu. B Cu , , u
AuuU Pg\ P squk ix uP, A u
mkUS QP zvP Dkmk Cv P[Pz uiU
830
PuP CUQ { sk. Pg\ A,

a\ G u P A P, P,
P CUSi soU Psk. EPP G
mk G Cia \sk.
""Aui Gx C sn i? SUP sh?
\h sh? y[P sh? P | h
P \ sh? |x \ sh? | ChzxUS P
sh? P P A\zx Hu PPU P sn
sh? bPP CUPmhPh[Th C
CUPzu \Qx''.
B. Cu CUPmk. A Cxu BPsk.
B Au bP Gi Cu G uxPsk
so snUQP, Ai } BP . Cu Ai
Cu ix. Pg\ Pg\P zu \x, Azu
Au {US . CuUS Sx, _x, y[Sx, |hx,
\x G Ah \Uv |hUQx & |P J sn
ix G { A EshUQU P. Cu { zv
soU Psh . A Pkzu \Uv \kQ G
{USx Pmh uzu[P E uzux. Au
|hUPa \Uv uQ G bP CUS x US US
Pz ux. A Pkx US Gx uP Amh
\, , Pmh [P "iP' sn mh. P
\nvP Au \Q G Ub CUSx
uU P sn mh. Ci B, P P Au
G \UQ Gv, \U P zv |
Gsqx, kx u \P G[Th |
sqQ. snsk G A sqUQi
BPmk G mkhz u. iP zu, u
P[P, u x EshUQ. Au
bUPzv \i |\ G sqx iUQx.
Au Ci Uv Ah Au JU Pkzx mh x,
Au v kQx. AuP | ]UPsk, P
soUPsk, g\ soUPsk CUSiP A
zu \, Ax Cu C zu \, Csi |
EUS J v \uP C. Au {US
zvUSiPzu Cu aPzu B\ A~UzvUQ.
: "":'' G a_. EU Pmkx Eh G
"'u. Cu P CUQ { Ax. ""| _u
E UPmk !''
\nP E & a&27
831
"", g\u^, h^ G E v[PPa ]u GkzxUPsk

UQ vv & u Cu A]u; uz ush
a]x |z v u sku; B
Ph] uP x G J & | _Qu E
G Ub Hhmk''.
P ] A z \| & ""| P \Q P P
E iUQ u zvPPmk''. ""z \|'' & "z
ix'. ""Ax Gh G ]Pmk.'' ] G
xP Gz uu. u Ax ]zu GQ Sculpture
mkQmhx. Cvu iUQ v ~
[Pz uP hUQ?'' Au UQx.
""uP E P G J Chzuz ui un sqx
G "Pv: us Un': | |hUQ |h
UP E un \uP & E uP & CUPmk.
| G[P g\ so Ezu _ Q G Gsn
CUPmk. \kQ A? Aua \k''... "A\v' G
"A\ u' G mk \ "A\v', Aux En
u GQ. Cu \kx , Psn
\ku Pm]P, uzu \ku \u [P
u G Cv A~[P SmhuQx. ""Cua
""\k'P & "Bv v:' & EUS zv Bv PkUQ
P BPmk.''
\u \ku |US E g\ nPUS BvPU
Pkzxmkzu BUQ. Ru P, u oP
uzv, , a| G hUP CxPsk
Bzu uPa \Q. A E EmPx PsiUQ
G Ena] u u xUP, [P, x,
u E hz u? Ci Psq, Px, US,
\ Au A~P sn iQx Gx CU
PmhxP \zuz u?
"\:' & "kzxUPQ, Ax'; "n:' & "EUS sq
|PP CUPmk'. kUSx A uzv QhUQ G
{zxU Pskmh Gzu \uP | i? Ai BPmk.
""h }miUPsh ? _UPPa \, u
G uP, PhP | ] so vP, vvP,
un |PvP \x G | mkUS UP
Gu soU Psiu, Gu soU Psiu, &
""u : x''
832
u
& ""Eh U QP BPmk.''
""| sqQ \P Azu E P CUPmk.''
"' G . GuS Azu[P Cv

J " ', "substitute' Gx. ""EUS sq US P
Auhzu immhP G P P BQhmk !''
" ' G J \u[Pz v x "P' GQ
\oU PsiUQ.
"P' & PP, UP, strain C, natural-BP & Cia
\v { Azu i CUQx. Cx Pmkhuu
Au "i' (u |hzu) Psk x strain BP
CUQx. ""G Eh \'' G u \,
\x Azx A G { zxUPsk
Ah Pkzu i Gx | ] so,
] so EshUQU P si J[S PU
Phkzu PP, "|a_'PU PTik. CPi
Cxu U? Cx CP UP Cuu
Aui AQ. B Cu U uPPPz u
CUQx. \au Uzuz ukUQx. Ax & Ah [P
zvP sqx & {P[P _zu US Gx CP
Au u |hiUPP |USz uP x \au UzuU
PkUQx. i G J ux, Aui | |hUQ
GTh zv P |US Q { !
Puzv Jx v Uv PP Ea] Gu
zvUQu Au ""Bz {u''zuzu & Ru i P
\ n \nPvzu & Cu aPzv B\
\UQ.
Puzv Jx v Uv PP Ea] Gu
zvUQu Au ""Az {u''zuzu & Ru i P
\ n \nPvzu & Cu aPzv B\
\UQ.
""Bzn z\'' G J zu |k miUQ,
""PQ Bzn z\'' G Chzv, Axu Cu Bz
{uzu, n \nPvz ux. Cu aPzvS Axu
E {. Cu aPzvS zv; P \z[PUS
Axu E {. (]zx) EUP Axu E{ !'' Bznz\''
G "Cu E Ai AUS n sok
' G Azu. Au Cuu a\
, \ z, C UQ \u
\nP E & a&33
833
Aii BS. "Bz n zv Ci BPmk

GuSzu i ""x'' G miUQ. Bz
nUP, { \nPu Gi C G aPzv h
izxU PmiUQ. A[P UP UPQmhu &
" 'P "'u & UQ.
Cu v Cu A[P, HUS Cu zuP "]
| uz'zv J aPP B\ A~UzvUQ.
""Bz z Q v: \: n: \ U
u & P \| {z v vv: >
g\: u: unv: uzo Q
z & zP P uz & uz & AQ \ uu >> 33''
""] } G Bz; G Gx Q,
uS, AP; Gh g\ nP Ek
Q[PPP u Pn[P; G \ E P; Gh
A~P[P E ; | y[Sx v {; P
g\u EUS un; _u E uz; |
G P \u, \, Azu EUS Bu !''
GQ.
Ci Pzu uUS An sqi P Ru
\Q. ""Gua \u, Guz v, Gu u
\u, Guz u so (Gv concentrate so G
Azu. Gu zu w Dkmhk so Ax uu)
Au GUS An \'' GQ.
""z P z Aa| z uu
z u Pu uz S z An >>''
>
""G \x x J'', ""| \. \

| CuS |P'' G | BP C
uu[P E P G Cimh total surrender -I (n
\nPv)a \UQP. u
Uvz ux Axu.
bzv " |\' Gxu Uv Qx
"\nPv' BQx. Csk Bznu. CsiS J :
Eu u u Uv.
""] & \Uv: E & Eh''

Eu | , z ],
834
|h un, \ku \u, kzxUPu

|P squ & Gx \ i. Cu EUS EP
A Cxu Cu Czu \UQ G Bzn
zv ux Px P, Gu ] zP,
Cu U PVP [P[PQ. P[Pa \
\zvSa \US E v, Cu E Czu \uPz
uu Cu E \ vUPsh Au
uzv \UQ G Hh sk. Cu, |
Jzu E mk P u u \PU Psk
Au u E Pkzx Qx G uQx Pzv
|hUS P P Auu BQx & ""A Aq A\x''
& G xPsk Auh Ah[Q n sq zv |P
Evk. Ci A aPP Cu Akzukzx Csk
aP[P (34,35) \Q. ux:
""\ z \: \] & & & P

uz| Pv |z| A|P >
Au: \: \z & E & unu
vu: u & |u & : >>'' 34
(Pv) C ! (\] P) \v
C |QPPU Psh (z) } (\:) ]US
(\) Eh G (A|P) S (|z) Jx i.
(Bu) Gk A (u) Ex (Bz) Bz G
() PxQ. (Au:) Cu (\: \ Cv) Eh &
Eh (A u:) Czuh ( u :)
Bu zu A~US Q () E[Ph
(E unu) xP (vu:) {x.)
"\:' & "ah'; "\ z' & "\P Cx }' G
BUQ. Dah \ A GQ. Ah
zu C viUPskmh G \uS
zuP Azu \ GP n \P \Q. B C[P
\Q Cu \ An n, v \, a \v, |U
Psq Eu. AQsh Pi sh[P Dah
\P CUS AP G C[P \Q. Aux m
GQ, AuPa \Q.
zUS g\[P \P CUQx. Au Eh
EP, uzxUS BzP g\zxUS E, A,
zzzu, P[P Pkzxa \zxU Psix
uz.
\nP E & a&
835
C[P \x ""u ' B aPzv \uS

zPz uQx. A[P \Uvmh ] A\UTh
mh G. Au ] h \ G Au Au CUSQ
\u E G B. \Uvu ] \ GQx
Eu Eha \uPzu BQx? C[P Au
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Dkmh' G Azu.
"' G sP \Q |mi. Ax uP CUS.
P BkQ |mi Pg\ BmhP CUS. AuSz
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\nP E & a&41
849
GQ u { vu Pvu[P ushzv UQ.

zv , , P UQ; A| UQ. Cu
CP Jmi Au |mi PP masculine, feminine G (Bs,
sP) zvUQP. Cu | ! Cx
G masculine BQU Psk Qx !
aUS "|h' G . AP\zvTh ""P
|h:'' G Qx. A Bhmh Cu EP Bhx. A\x.
Cx Ask AuS A z ush, FUTzx G
"h' BhsiUQx ! A A\u Au G u
aPzv \mhi A Ci AUPP BkQ
Gx A Pu G HkQx. A BmhP
Bhmkmk, A x Tha \x PP |h
\Q. | Pzv P P Bkx Kkx;
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u AuPi | |i |P Bkx GUS Pn
Ci Au APh shmi BkQ Bmhu ! \P u Ps
H xiUPsk? P u Euk H xiUPsk? |
GUS AuP a u CUQ? A
|[Pk ukx Bkuu |US Cu Bmh[P
HkQ. Cu u zua \ux; BP,
a A zuk umk |[PU PmkQ
{a \ux. C, A|P Bmh[P CP
CUQ. P[P G Au Aa] uzu _UPsk
BkQ. Q[P a _ h soU Psk Q.
P AiUQu, Ax K h. | u zxUPsk
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~[P EshQ. u Aizu uUQx. Au
P UQx. | vzx mh J AP,
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PmkQP. BP ush ]&\UvP v
umkzu CUQ.
Cu aPzv Cuzu \UQx.
k Bu zv | u ush
|mkQ. G \UQx.
""a P ush o'' G (u)
|zv UQx. B A[P \x ush;
C[P \x i ush. A[P Ai ush
850
Bkx A, & u? Au & Au

zP
zxU
Psk
mkUQ.
i
|mzvu u v ushzuk Tha\x uh
[PP sqQ.
""p'' & zxUPsk zUQ & G
| \, Au zvxTh A AU
P [Pmk _USx A A x S
sqQ B\ \uPa \. Au
|hUP somh Azu. P Ax J
A[PP |huP sk Au vmh mk, AuS z
AvPP Am sox. Au A[P Ssqux,
B mkUSU Pzv mk Azx sqx UP x
PkUQ vu. q \shz vmh[P mk squU
Th "B' Gu \x. Ai Cx zh
B!
A i i & A BuQ Bu
Ah Pk |mii ix. uzv
Bu&BuP ush&zu v \Q''
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Bmh \vUQx.
Bu uu Bkx kx G. UPP Sizx
Svzx ball dance G BkQP. Buhz uu | UPa ]v
mkU Psku CUQ? z Da A Bu
|mi BkQP. AP Ai CUQP G |
w GkzxU PskhUThx. Auu Buzuk
\uPP CUQP. Gx zxu,
Pzu, EUzuU Pmkx | Pmkmi Psk uPP
Ci!
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uv Bu. ""u'' & "u' G i
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u G sqQP? P i sqQP.
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u C; Uu'' G u. Ai. Cx
i sn CP {zvmh CuS i i G
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m; i i. ""Ci i sn sh Gxu ,
G[P Pm] G Av CUQ ua \Q. H | J
\nP E & a&
851
, x | J GQ v, i P G Czu
G J PnUS Esk. Ax Bh
uPq. Ci J Smh Pzv Qu, P
Au zv P ]PUS P wx AP
zvS AQ (APu PQ)P G?
Aui z? J v H PUQh
CUQuu Qx, u Ax US
UuPz uu, uzv U sqQx. G U
G US Gzu si P UQ Cu AuU PUP
UPx kzx, G m PkUQx.
B Cu mk \au . Qu
}sh P PkUQ mu. \au zUP s
so, u soU PU PzxU Px Da JmiUS
CmiP U Pmi Hhsix u. US Au Uu
vzxU P \Uv Esk G Da | Ci zvUQ.
Cx ~ vUS ? Au x
P Q; K GkUQ. Axu |P
vzxU Pu zvS J imm v Da
Pnk zv m uQ. B P UQ CUQu,
Auz wzxU Psh \au G u GiU
QhUS? AuPPzu i HkzxQ. Ax | PU
PzxUPsk
BuzvP
uzu
vzxUP \ Pkxu. Ci \ Pkx
Pnu?
Cu Ezu]zx Bu &P u[P |mizv
i Esk sqQP. P P UQU Psk
P U usk G squu "u' G
mh. Pzu Esk sq uvu P&, |
GUS AP uu u BP G E \ |
APk A Pmi kQ.
E HuEu&v Ezva u
|u b |P&|}z Pz Cu >>
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\P E[P Csk "Euv Ezva' & EP i
Eu \ Ezu]zx' (""Au Ezu\zu }[P P
somhu'' Gx uUQ {Qx. z uu
a J Ezu\ somh Ax {a\ Pzv
uQk. Ax |hux G \ siu C); ""Cu Pz'' &
"Cu Px' (Aux oP) P |}z'' & "uu
u EhuP'; ""b'' & "BQx'.
852
""I, i miUPsh! CUP

Bzxk!'' G kQ | zu B\,
""huu! Au!'' G Bu \ ""i
mk H UQ? zu u. i \ux Gu
{zx . A AP Da Au Cu Esk
soUQP Gu {zx . u uu G[Px Pku
sqP? | |uSzu Cua \vUQP. AP
{zu Pmhx |z uh zx |v \P.
} |v A|uPU QhuP {zuu E x
uUS. EUS P CUQ \Uv ak \zxz u
uuPz xnUS CUQP {zx .
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Psh |u }'' GQ.
SuP |US u&u G Csk CuPa
\u | |uP G uQx. Pzv Gi
CUQx? uP mk Cx A G \nP zx
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AvP J u EshPzu \Qx. Au v A mkx
Gzu \vP zu, "uPu A|uU Su' G
HkQx. ""\Uv G a G Hu J zv
Pzu UQx G \ uu? GuPP E &
a, & |n, u & Qn, u & G Csk
a \ sk?'' G PmuS Cxu v. | G
Suu P& Csk sk. P & u; & u,
CP Jzu Cmh A|u vzu u. Csk
Cuu "|u' G AzuPk.
aPzv ""|u'' G Qx. B iUP
G, Ax A|uPmh (A|u ) CUQ |a
Szxa \v; |US |u |uP E
A Szxa \x? Au Csk zx "E,
Hu, |u' GQ. "|uPP CUQ E[P C''
G Azu. Cia \ AUS DaUS
uzv CxPsk APUS n uQ
A BQx? Cx ]zUQu! "| G A|u. |US
|uP Da CUQ. AUSzu |u & A UP G
AUS J Cuu! Au Au A|u G
\. Cu B\ mh?
C, CPUS Cx uuPUP.
CPUS u JzuUS |uP CUQP.
\nP E & a&36&41
853
\Uv ]; ] \Uv C. J zv A \ &

A \, C A \ & A \ G B\
\? Ai, APh |uzv C AUS
CxPsk PTh zvx Ux
A UQ; uo, v u [P C Ah[Q
Jk[Q CUQx A Qzv P C UQ. uz
v ] \UvUS P, \Uv ]zxUS P Cx
soU Pu v \v[P, ]P[P
"vv' u \Q. Csk EP
nu. C A~UP J z A~Uzu |
sk. CuPPzu P&P Ex. AxTh
A A~Uzuu A A~U sq, A A~U
Cuu A A~U QhUS G \UQx.
\zu Au \Uv Ash

\zvA u \zu Ash
(vv & 333)
(\zu &\Uvk Ti D\; \zv & \Uv)

a u G \Q xTh, u G
zua \, "Ax B' Gu u&uu G
CshP {miUQx. Cu uQ CUQ Gu
UPmh A {v CUQu G? A[P
{zzuk \UP {v Pu SuPP J u
A CUPzu \Q. A[P "Bu ' aP[P
zvu \.
| Phzu mh A AQ x C
u P P a \uk Bu P
zvQx.
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Cx "P&z' BUS! Aux z a \Uv
|U PmiU PUQ PU Psh uUS!'' G B\ u
PkUQ. PkUQ, EzkzxQ. P&z'
G "u uu USi u' G Azu.
SuPUS si E Axu. Ax Pzx [P Azu
US CUQx G AUS \Q.
|k|k z, z, Ssh} u [Pa
\, Cu Pzu zv sqx GUS,
uP |h u \Uzv PU Qmh Uv
sqi P J A&A CuU Pmi |
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854
zx Bû soUQ. "Bu ' Ciz u u

uuPU Pskizxmh Su { Buzuk
zvQx.
{P ]&\UvP
u uu G Au A Ai
CUQ izx {UP siu x . AuS
B\ AP {P u EP
\UQP E&[PPa Psh vS.
"u' G AihP J {zu . "g\' G AuS AS
sn A x Q [P G |hPzv
zvUQP; Au v! Cu "Bu' Pzv Au Csk
Gi PmiUQu Pg\ UP.
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US `ho. Axu u aP Pzv A
UP PzuP CUQ A[P A
"K' G Akzu aP \Qx. Ah J
uqu AUS Au \UvU Pkzux GQx. C[P u
| Gi CUQ Ai A CUQP &
UP A uzv uzv CUQ.
u
aPzv A zzvP JzuP "&&g\'
GQx A A UPkQ & ""Bz'' & G A
AUS uzv uzv hPa \UQx. Pg\
u (a&7) A US ""BP'', Aux A uz
u ux PsiUS Ena] G HUS u aP
Azu Jmia \UQx. A UP A uzu
iUQU Pa G zx A i PaP z
G EmPvu Akzu aPzv ""] [P {'' G
\UQx. zuUS CshU Tmi g\ UzzvS
vPP z Sn zv Cmh i
\UzvP \UzvP C[P AP CUQP. A
zv Sn x {Sn A Ai
Cx PsiUS { Akzu aP (a&9) "" z
z '' ( zzv vh Th zv
PUQ) GQx. A J _P(11) \UQ zv AP
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Ix Ahx G. A vu Pz u nzu
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vUS Ah[Q zP A CUQ. B A zx sk
aP u (23&x aPzv) A J AhiPU Q,
\nP E & a&41
855
Ah v \zu Azux uu C v
Azx mhuP B\ S zvP uUP \Q.
AuPkzu aPzu U Pg\ detailed &BPa \q.
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Pzu UQ'; "": Av'' & "q UQ'. ""z:
u'' & "z AUQ. B Auk iUP g\ Uz
zvP UQ Csh P[P \Q. Av J
Da ""D\vv'' G aPzv Qx. ""D\
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[SQ.
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a\ Ezu mh J sn mh! c!
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Pm J v A\UQ & ""n&\u:&vP:'' G
a\ zu vUQx. Au Ezu G ]
zxzu & ""Bb B'': "Ah Bb G PmiP
izxU Psk & g\ Uz zvP i u P[Pa
\x.
Czu P, [P uhh AUS C[P Cu
zzvP A uP UQP G Bzv
\uh Cx J i Sa\u. A[P A u, AP
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AP mh A o AP Q[PPu!
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miUS u |u \Q?''G Ai zxU
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\UQx.
856
Czu \Uv, z AUQu Au A

Pkzuxu. Au {zv Da. C Da zxU
Pshx {u. B uP A ""mk
Pmk! x Ai a_UPmk G mkmh.
Cu Czu UQ CUQ! Ix |u
zu? IuuP A~U UzzvS J CUQ! C
sou zu A CuS J i Hux zxU
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vP ]. Au C zxUPskh Q!''
G A {zu.
Au AU Tmk, "K! EUS J a_US. B ]&
a_skhw!'' G \...
h UvP J sn & n & Cu.
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Tkx?' G AUS Cuu.
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i? \S[P!'' G Au B \.
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u G AUS!
U Psk A vu.
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" zu ' G \ \x.
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A[P'' G vPTh Qx. u "zu '.
\nP E & a&1&41
857
u u\ P u[SUPP Bm] Cuu A|Pz

u[S zuP uk Pxmh. Ai uxu ""zu''.
""'' G Azu.
A~U UzUP ] G zxU Pskh
Q G A {zx zxUPa \v
u Czu Pu ux.
A G so, G zxU Psh Gu
B\ \UQ: ""u&&]:'' G. Ai, "u'
G Ah Psk ]'' G Azu. Aux
"u]'. Axu A~U UzzvP zv zxUPsh .
B B\ H "u] G Ci plain &BPa \ "u G
Ah \zxUPsh ]' G }mia
\Q, SPzu Ai soUQ! Ah &
A G Ah Pg\ sou AS Gu &
S soUQ! A ] P CUPhx G {zx
A~U UzUPh, ""Ai a_UPw!'' G \P A,
"" ]; u]; Gx ]; Gx ]
Gu Au J Pzv U Pia \ ix'' GQ
v "u]' G zxUPsk x A Hmh!
A Hu AuU Pua \ S snq; subtle &BP
PPa \ iUQP ""Cu CiUP!'' G
zxU PnzuU Psk iUSi sou Ax CUQ
|S; iUQ BP "C' BS Gu, g\
Uz zvP Jzu \UPsk x
"u]' G |Pa \ iUQP Au \PU PUP
mhPu Aia \, "u ]' G \,
Au \UP A Hu Pu G u ux
Pmk G Ai B\ miUQ.
\ u , AUS US Gzu u
\UQux. zzvP zP, DaP,
u]P E US A x A PP
CUQuP C[P (a24&) PmiUQ. Akzu
aPzv USn[PUS zuP, zvP G x
Azu & B aP[P \ Azu & GkzxU
Psk, ""EzvUS sq APUS souQx.
Gi E \nzv APh ] CUQx. u[P uUS
AP PU TUPsk Auz u Eh \nzv
\zx |PzxU PsiUQP. AuU PP T uP
E \nzv Aa\ so [PP CUQ. Au Aa\
858
[P P UuP Eh \nzv Aa\

\ [P xu BPq? Ci EzvUSa \
zzvP ]US PzxUS \u QkQx''
GQ. UQP UPkPQ kQP & ]\
& z AUS UuP A AUS uPUQ.
Auk Ah SuP A CuPa \
Gi &
""zn u| zSn {u| u ]'' G B\
\Q. "]' G Azu ik miUQ. ""]
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G {u \xzu. ]P Ex Ax Pu .
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Au ]z\zv Ca\PU QU PaQzu zSn[P
zx
zuP
UUPP
zzvP
Au
zSn[Px zux. ""u zSn {u|'' & ""Eh
zSn[P zuP zzvP'' & GQ. Ai
AUS zuP u. zzvPUS A . US
A uP uz v \xsk. z uSn
zvP A CUSx, uz A uPTh x
P iP & ""J \Uvxu USn[P x AUS
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x PiP & CUQ.
(]zx) mi GTha \! US A A Gx
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u zSn[P x \Uv SuPP u; Au
zSn[P SuPP, ""zSn {u|'' G B\
\Qi uP zzvP G AUS U
SuPu? Ci J z ]US Ah!
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Pzv Ak zxU PsiP a
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z ix Q Ax. Au sqx hUhP
\Uv. x mk G zu g\zvS A Ai
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Ch? Au ] PP {UPkQP
(z, a, u]) Ax ix P sixu.
"Ah g\ zu g\ u G
\xsk. Cu Au Ix zvPUS AuP
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\nP E & a&1&41
859
uzxUS u Gu Ai G \.
bP CUQu, C? Au ( PkUPu) hu
P. Ax Au zu so UP
sk GuP sqx G U UP sk G
Ca\ \UvUS Cu A PaP CUQ. Au {z
[PUS Gx v CuP sku Pa
CUQ. ""]P g\ ] [P {'' G v J
aPzv (a&8) \v g\ u, Ax g\ , Bzv
A i EmPzv zxUPsiUS Au " ]' CuU
Pau. AP BuPa \x iU PsiUQ
uvP C[P (a&26&) PmkQ. zv G Bu
G Ax PPz uu, uzv AP u[P
SuP P PiP P ux kzx
u[PUS Czx zuU PQ Pu? Au Buu!
J uQx: C[P " (A) v v
zz&v&'': " Pzv E v n sqQ''
G miUQ. "n' G i ukx, TiU
Px G Azuzv Czu | \. Ax mk Au
zuUP "' G Azusk. n, An,
n, n, A, , G G
zuP xP | "' G \Q zuUS
vP h. Ai C[P Pa mk, Paa
\zxU P A mk, \Q Guzu
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G uQx. AkTha \x A mka
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zk
zx
kQ
Pmh
aPzv
zu. ""Au zvx Cu E v n
sqQ'' G mku UQ CUQx: ""
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zu sqQ G Azu soUP |P Ch
PkUQx.
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xPsku! APUS | [QuSzu!
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sn. vmh Ahxu, GUU & Axu
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Au oUS EUSa \o P CvUS Pa
Cx i iUSx mk |P AvP Au
Au sqx' G Pmi AUS | [Q uSzu
860
Ci Azu so! GUS u |zv mh

CUQx! Au , "C G, Chi Azu sqx?' G
PmP ix. |zv G CUQx? "a P
ush p'' G CUQx. P ush' Gu
Azu P P[P i zvx a BkQ
Bmh G Azu sn; Ax, a zu
P snmh U Tzx G Azu nn.
"P', "P' G | {UQi CmkUPmh,
C G Azu. |Pz vmh mkU PQ
sqx Pu. Ai au zu
sqQ Azu \. C[P "a' G
vu zv G Azu. Cu uzv Au Azu
Pg\[Th ux. " u B P C'
Gu C[P "a'US Azu. Ci A, A z
zv n sn, A Au zxU Psk
mk UQ Gxu "a P ush
o'US Azu.
BP Cx J x_, |u xP \uS |
& AUS DaUS (Ch) xPa \u?
Au P sq, ] zP zxU PsiUS
Bz Gxu. C[P Au P \UvP
\ A UQ!
zu u z \ zvS , Au
z \k \ Ci
CUQu Iu (g\ Uz) G J zu, Ax
P Cx uu P \Uv, A z
G ]uzv & \ z[P uuP E zzv
& soUQx! g\ Uz u ush GuP Ix
uP |hu A[P sqQ. G AvP
A P A A[P J Tzx Aizx AUPkzvU
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\uP, CUQ Ch u C. ""I, I'' G A[P
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|mhs G PmuS ""]u, x?'' G
Pmxsk!...
u A&P u \U
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\nP E & a&1&41
861
Uz \, A zxUPsk, A actor, A spectator

G J zUQ v Cu aPzv zu
vUQx: "" v v zzv.''
Chzv A "' GQ. A[P "kQ;
vkTiU PUQ' G hP Azu PkUS iP
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z z
J Q uzvx \U \UPU Ssh} \Uv
GUPsk ] Ea] AhQx Au \UvP CUQ A
nPz u kzvUPsk vk \x kQ;
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uzvUQ. Axu C Ph] h. Auk
z&z IU EshQ v HmkkQx.
v USUTh UPz u, Ci J BuP
Au zu (J US) PmiUPsk, A Au
(Gx) , A~ GuP A AuP (AP)
BUSQxu Auz u squPa
\PUQ; zvx a \UQ G
zxU P.
APh P S&] Esk.
SP A ]P CP. BP[P
uz[P
uP
\k
mk
P Eu]zx A PmkU PshuPzu
CUQ. bP A z PzvS
uskuPP, J sqUS vu S u
Gu P\kzxuPP Ci ] zv CxPsk
z vhu Eu\ U PQ. Au
u (a&31) \UQx. Azx| uz G
J PnUS Esk. Au Azx| Eu]zx A
PmkUPsh Cv Qx.| Au zu AuPP
\. Gu J u Pnzv \xu u
]. Ai C[P," J zv zv u
J uzP Azx| Eu]zxmk Auk \
Cxmh. Ax } zu! "Cuh, Ci Hu J
z u uuP Azx | mk |
SuPUSU Pkzxmk, uzu P [PQ G
P uu |h z Q \
uzzu mk Eu]UP iU Psk mh! u, Azu,
P P AuS Esku, UP ()
862
BuUQ (AP hUQ) Ai

AuLPnzu Bz JkUQk zPzvS
x Cu uz? CuU SuPUSU Pmh mi
zxUPsk uUS mkU mkU Psk EmPx mh!
Cu A?' G zu! "G SuPUS G uzzua
\ Pk! PkUPmh hmh' G A
{ukzv!'' (G Au aPzv \UQ.)
"{u' G zu
""|&z&{uz'...
B\
miUQ:
P Aizx zvu Cu
Czxmhx! B A Av A AvP mh!
G A\P Jzu EmPuv A g\
QkQkUSi BuU Tzuh Bzxmh! Ax g\ Uz u
ush. A ush & Ax Au \Uv
UQmk A Bk Bk G BiUPsk! A |h,
SUSh |h G H v Bmh[P! Cv \
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*
Soundarya-part1.pm65/Friday, August 6, 2010
865
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