Dulu
Sekarang
1 jenis 1 Unsur
~ 90 jenis atom
Jutaan senyawa
Elektron
Proton
Neutron
www.thinkgeek.com/images/products/additional/large/periodic_magents_close.jpg
Elektron (-1e0)
Proton (+1p1)
Neutron (0n1)
Electrons are negatively charged particles that surround the atom's nucleus.
Electrons were discovered by J. J. Thomson in 1897.
Electrons determine properties of the atom.
Chemical reactions involve sharing or exchanging electrons.
Particle
Charge
Mass (g)
Location
Electron
(e-)
-1
9.11 x 10-28
Electron cloud
Proton
(p+)
+1
1.67 x 10-24
Nucleus
Neutron
(no)
1.67 x 10-24
Nucleus
Lambang Atom
Atomic Mass
Symbol
Atomic Number
Charge
(if ion)
133
55
Cs
12
6
13
6
14
7
14
7
24
11
Na, dan
24
12
Mg
Example:
http://education.jlab.org/glossary/isotope.html
Hydrogen
1
1
Protons: 1
Neutrons: 0
Electrons: 1
Sodium
Protons: 11
Neutrons: 12
Electrons: 11
23
11
Na
Rhenium
186
75
Re
Rhenium isotope
187
75
Re
becomes an ion.
A cation has lost an electron and therefore has a positive
charge
An anion has gained an electron and therefore has a
negative charge.
Sodium
Protons: 11
Neutrons: 12
Electrons: 10
23
11
+
Na
Symbols
n
80
35
Br
Symbols
n
Symbols
n
Symbols
n
e
e
e
+
e
Elektron dalam atom berada dalam kulitkulit. Elektron valensi menunjukkan jumlah
elektron pada kulit terluar.
Konfigurasi elektron menggambarkan
penyebaran atau susunan elektron dalam
atom.
Kulit =
Subkulit =
Menunjukkan orbital
m = l, , sampai + l
l= 0
l=
2
m = 2 1 0 +1 +2
m= 0
Orbital = s
Orbital =
l=
m = 1
Orbital =
1
0
p
+1
l=
m=
Orbital =
d
3
+1
+2
+3
1.
Aturan Aufbau
1s
2s
2p
3s
3p
3d
4s
4p
4d
4f
5s
5p
5d
5f
6s
6p
6d
7s
7p
1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p, 5s, 4d, 5p, 6s, 4f, 5d, 6p, 7s, 5f, 6d, 7p,
2. Aturan Hund
2, 2s2, 2p4
O
=
1s
8
1s
2s
2p
1s
2s
2p
(Salah)
s=+
s=
s=+
s=
s=+
s=+
s=+
s=
LANGMUIR
Elektron mengisi kulit baru setelah yg lebih dalam
penuh. Maksimal e tiap kulit :
2, 8, 8, 18, 18, 32
BURY
Elektron terluar tidak lebih dari 8. Kulit tidak berisi
lebih dari 8 e, kecuali kulit yg lebih luar telah terisi.
Maksimal e tiap kulit :
2, 8, 18, dan 32
Latihan
1. Tuliskan konfigurasi elektron unsur-unsur
berikut :
Li (NA = 3)
Ne (NA = 10)
Ar (NA = 18)
F (NA = 9)
Cl (NA = 17)
Ca (NA = 20)