1

(a) A student carried out an activity, shown in a diagram below to investage the effect of salt on
the freezing point of water. The procedure of the activity is as follows:
Seorang pelajar melaksanakan satu aktiviti yang ditunjukkan dalam rajah di bawah untuk
menyiasat kesan garam pada takat beku air. Prosedur aktiviti adalah seperti berikut:
Drop an ice cube in the glass of water
Masukkan seketul ais ke dalam satu gelas air
Take the string and dangle the end of it on the ice cube
Ambil tali dan biarkan hujungnya berada pada permukaan ais
Sprinkle a bit of salt on the ice cube
Taburkan sedikit garam pada ketul ais
Try lifting the string
Cuba angkat tali
String
Tali

Water
Air
(i)

Common salt
Garam dapur

Ice cube
Ketul ais

After some time, the student tried to lift the string. State one observation.
Selepas beberapa ketika, pelajar itu mengangkat tali. Nyatakan satu pemerhatian.
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[1 mark]

(ii)

Name two physical processes that occur in this activity.

Namakan dua proses fizikal yang berlaku dalam aktiviti ini.
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[1 mark]

(iii)

Explain the observation stated in (a)(i).

Terangkan pemerhatian yang dinyatakan di (a)(i)
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[2 marks]

Making your own ice-cream.

Membuat aiskrim sendiri.
Place one table spoon of sugar and a cup of milk in a small bag.
Masukkan satu sudu gula dan satu cawan susu ke dalam satu beg kecil.
Seal up the bag
Zipkan beg itu.
Put ice cube into a large bag.
Masukkan ketulan ais ke dalam satu beg besar.
Then add half cup of salt to the bag.
Tambahkan separuh cawan garam ke dalam beg.
Put the small bag into the large bag with the ice cubes.
Letakkan beg kecil ke dalam beg besar yang telah diisi ketulan ais.
Be sure both bags are sealed shut and shake.
Pastikan kedua-dua beg dizipkan dengan betul dan goncang.

Milk and sugar

Susu dan gula
Ice cubes and salt
Ketulan ais dan garam

Explain the role of salt in the process of ice-cream making.

Terangkan peranan garam dalam proses membuat aiskrim.
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[4 marks]