KATA PENGANTAR

Assalamualaikum wr. wb.

39Puji dan syukur kehadirat Allah SWT yang telah memberikan
rahmat dan hidayah-Nya, sehingga dengan izin-Nya laporan yang berjudul
Material Umum ini dapat diselsaikan. Salawat dan salam tidak lupa pula penulis
ucapkan keharibaan Rasulullah SAW yang telah membawa kita dari alam
kebodohan ke alam yang penuh dengan ilmu pengetahuan, seperti saat ini.
Adapun maksud dan tujuan dari penulisan laporan ini adalah untuk
memenuhi tugas yang diberikan tim blok V (lima) semester dua kepada kami
mahasiswa Program Studi Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Syiah Kuala angkatan
2016. Penulis mengucapkan terima kasih kepada Tim Blok dan fasilitator Ibu
Viona Dian Sari, S.Si, M.Siyang telah membimbing kami dalam diskusi mengenai
Material Umum serta memberi banyak pengetahuan dan masukan yang
membangun.
Penulis menyadari bahwa makalah ini masih banyak terdapat kesalahan-
kesalahan, baik materi maupun teknik penyajiannya. Oleh karena itu, penulis
menghapkan kritik dan saran yang membangun agar laporan ini lebih baik lagi.
Akhir kata penulis berharap kerangka acuan pada makalah ini dapat memberikan
wawasan dan pengetahuan kepada para pembaca pada umumnya dan penulis pada
khususnya.

Banda Aceh, 26 Maret 2017

Penulis

1
 DAFTAR ISI

KATA PENGANTAR........................................................................................................
i
DAFTAR ISI.......................................................................................................................
ii
DAFTAR GAMBAR..........................................................................................................
iv
DAFTAR TABEL...............................................................................................................
vii
BAB I PENDAHULUAN..................................................................................................
1
1.1 Latar Belakang.......................................................................................................
1
1.2 Batasan Topik........................................................................................................
2
BAB II PEMBAHASAN ..................................................................................................
3
2.1 Logam....................................................................................................................
3
2.1.1 Definisi
.............................................................................................................................................
3
2.1.2 Komposisi Logam
5
2.1.3 Sifat Logam
.............................................................................................................................................
6
2.1.4 Struktur
.............................................................................................................................................
7
2.1.5 Proses Pengolahan
.............................................................................................................................................
9
2.1.6 Pengaplikasian

2
.............................................................................................................................................
14
2.2 Komposit...............................................................................................................
17
2.2.1 Definisi
17

2.2.2 Komposisi Komposit

19
2.2.3 Sifat Komposit
20
2.2.4 Struktur Komposit
22
2.2.5 Proses Pengolahan
27
2.2.6 Pengaplikasian
31
2.3 Polimer..................................................................................................................
32
2.3.1 Definisi.........................................................................................................
32
2.3.2 Komposisi Polimer.......................................................................................
33
2.3.3 Sifat Polimer.................................................................................................
33
2.3.4 Struktur Polimer...........................................................................................
35
2.3.5 Proses Pengolahan........................................................................................
38
2.3.6 Pengaplikasian..............................................................................................
43
2.4 Keramik.................................................................................................................
45
2.4.1 Definisi.........................................................................................................
45

3
 2.4.2 Komposisi Keramik......................................................................................
45
2.4.3 Sifat Keramik................................................................................................
46
2.4.4 Struktur Keramik..........................................................................................
48
2.4.5 Proses Pengolahan........................................................................................
52
2.4.6 Pengaplikasian..............................................................................................
53
2.5 Pengaruh Material Umum Terhadap Lingkungan.................................................
53
2.6 Cara Pemilihan Material Umum............................................................................
54
2.7 Cara Pengujian Material Umum............................................................................
55
2.8 Kurva Strees-Strain dari Jenis Material Umum.....................................................
68
BAB III PENUTUP ...........................................................................................................
76
3.1 Kesimpulan ...........................................................................................................
76
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ........................................................................................................
77

4
 DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.1................................................................................................................8

Gambar 2.2................................................................................................................8

Gambar 2.3................................................................................................................8

Gambar 2.4................................................................................................................9

Gambar 2.5..............................................................................................................11

Gambar 2.6..............................................................................................................12

Gambar 2.7..............................................................................................................13

Gambar 2.8..............................................................................................................16

Gambar 2.9..............................................................................................................17

Gambar 2.10............................................................................................................18

Gambar 2.11............................................................................................................18

Gambar 2.12............................................................................................................23

Gambar 2.13............................................................................................................23

Gambar 2.14............................................................................................................24

Gambar 2.15............................................................................................................25

Gambar 2.16............................................................................................................25

Gambar 2.17............................................................................................................26

Gambar 2.18............................................................................................................27

Gambar 2.19............................................................................................................28

Gambar 2.20............................................................................................................28

Gambar 2.21............................................................................................................29

Gambar 2.22............................................................................................................29

Gambar 2.23............................................................................................................30

Gambar 2.24............................................................................................................30

5
Gambar 2.25............................................................................................................31

Gambar 2.26............................................................................................................32

Gambar 2.27............................................................................................................32

Gambar 2.28............................................................................................................33

Gambar 2.29............................................................................................................36

Gambar 2.30............................................................................................................36

Gambar 2.31............................................................................................................37

Gambar 2.32............................................................................................................37

Gambar 2.33............................................................................................................38

Gambar 2.34............................................................................................................39

Gambar 2.35............................................................................................................39

Gambar 2.36............................................................................................................39

Gambar 2.37............................................................................................................40

Gambar 2.38............................................................................................................40

Gambar 2.39............................................................................................................41

Gambar 2.40............................................................................................................44

Gambar 2.41............................................................................................................44

Gambar 2.42............................................................................................................49

Gambar 2.43............................................................................................................49

Gambar 2.44............................................................................................................50

Gambar 2.45............................................................................................................50

Gambar 2.46............................................................................................................51

Gambar 2.47............................................................................................................51

Gambar 2.48............................................................................................................55

Gambar 2.49............................................................................................................60

6
Gambar 2.50............................................................................................................61

Gambar 2.51............................................................................................................62

Gambar 2.52............................................................................................................63

Gambar 2.53............................................................................................................63

Gambar 2.54............................................................................................................63

Gambar 2.55............................................................................................................64

Gambar 2.56............................................................................................................68

Gambar 2.57............................................................................................................69

Gambar 2.58............................................................................................................70

Gambar 2.59............................................................................................................71

Gambar 2.60............................................................................................................72

Gambar 2.61............................................................................................................74

7
 DAFTAR TABEL
Table 2.1....................................................................................................................6
Table 2.2..................................................................................................................10
Table 2.3..................................................................................................................38