Jawapan Bab 4: Termokimia

Subtopik Aktiviti Jawapan

4.1 Perubahan 1 1. membebaskan; meningkat
tenaga dalam tindak 2. menyerap; menurun
balas kimia 3. Eksotermik: (a), (b), (c), (d), (f), (g)
Endotermik: (e), (h), (i), (j)

2 (i)
Tenaga

Mg(s)+H2SO4(aq)

ΔH = -467 kJ

MgSO4(aq) + H2(g)

(ii) Tenaga

CuO + CO2

ΔH = + 178 kJ
CuCO3

3  eksotermik
 dibebaskan; larutan kuprum(ii) sulfat; larutan zink sulfat;
kuprum
 lebih
 meningkat

 endotermik
 53 ; diserap; gas iodine; gas hidrogen iodida
 kurang
 menurun

4 1. pemecahan; pembentukan
2. diserap; dibebaskan
4. dibebaskan; tindak balas eksotermik
5. diserap; tindak balas endotermik
4.2 Haba 1 1. haba tindak balas
pemendakan 2. H
3. kJ
4.

5. Perubahan haba apabila 1 mol mendakan terhasil.

2 Soalan 1:
q= mc
= (200+200) x 4.2 x 6
= 10080 J

Soalan 2:
q = n x ∆H x 1000
= 0.05 x 60 x 1000
= 3000 J

Soalan 3:
MV
Bilangan mol AgNO3 =
1000
0.2(50)
=
1000
= 0.01 mol AgNO3

MV
Bilangan mol NaCl =
1000
0.2(50)
=
1000
= 0.01 mol NaCl

Maka, 0.01 mol AgNO3 bertindak balas dengan 0.01 mol NaCl
untuk menghasilkan 0.01 mol AgCl

q = mc
= (50 + 50) x 4.2 x 1.5
= 630 J
Adakah anda tahu mengapa kita
merujuk bilangan mol AgCl
q apabila menghitung ∆H?
∆H =
n
630 Ya. Berdasarkan definisi, haba
= pemendakan ialah perubahan
0.01 haba apabila 1 mol mendakan
terbentuk. AgCl ialah mendakan
= 63000 J mol-1 putih.

∆H = −63 kJ mol-1

Soalan 4:
MV
Bilangan mol BaCl2 =
1000
2(50)
=
1000
= 0.1 mol BaCl2

MV
Bilangan mol K2SO4 =
1000
2(50)
=
1000
= 0.1 mol K2SO4

1 mol BaCl2 bertindak balas dengan 1 mol K2SO4 untuk

menghasilkan 1 mol BaSO4
 Maka, 0.1 mol BaCl2 bertindak balas dengan 0.1 mol K2SO4 untuk
menghasilkan 0.1 mol BaSO4
27.5  29.5 Mengpakah kita perlu
Purata suhu awal = menghitung purata suhu awal
2
o larutan?
= 28.5 C
Dua larutan mempunyai suhu
q = mc awal yang berbeza
= (50 + 50) x 4.2 x [38.5 – 28.5]
= 100 x 4.2 x 10
= 4200 J

q
∆H =
n
4200
=
0.1
= 42000 J mol-1

∆H = −42 kJ mol-1

Tenaga

BaCl2 + K2SO4

ΔH = -42 kJ mol-1

BaSO4 + 2KCl

4.3 Haba penyesaran 1 1. Perubahan haba apabila 1 mol logam disesar daripada larutan
garamnya oleh logam yang lebih elektropositif.
2. Mengurangkan kehilangan haba ke persekitaran.
3. Terdapat haba hilang ke persekitaran
4. Zink lebih elektropositif daripada ferum. Lebih banyak haba
dibebaskan apabila kuprum disesarkan oleh zink.
2 Soalan 1:
q = mc
= 100 x 4.2 x 13
= 5460 J

Soalan 2:
Jisim
Bilangan mol Zn =
Jisim molar
0.65
=
65
= 0.01 mol Zn

MV
Bilangan mol CuSO4 =
1000
0.2(50)
=
1000
= 0.01 mol CuSO4

Zn + CuSO4  ZnSO4 + Cu

1 mol Zn bertindak balas dengan 1 mol CuSO4 untuk

menghasilkan 1 mol Cu
Maka, 0.01 mol Zn bertindak balas dengan 0.01 mol CuSO4 untuk
Adakah anda tahu mengapa kita
menghasilkan 0.01 mol Cu
merujuk bilangan mol Cu
q = mc apabila menghitung ∆H?
= 50 x 4.2 x 10.48
= 2200.8 J Ya! Berdasarkan definisi, haba
penyesaran ialah perubahan haba
apabila 1 mol logam disesarkan
q daripada larutan garamnya
∆H =
n oleh logam lain yang lebih
2200.8 elektropositf. Cu disesarkan
= daripada CuSO4 oleh Zn.
0.01
= 220080 J mol-1

∆H = −220.08 kJ mol-1

Tenaga

Zn + CuSO4

ΔH = -220.08kJ mol-1

ZnSO4 + Cu

Soalan 3:
(a) q = mc
= 100 x 4.2 x [37 – 28]
= 3780 J

MV
(b) Bilangan mol CuSO4 =
1000
4.4 Haba peneutralan 1 1. Perubahan haba apabila 1 mol ion hidrogen bertindak balas
dengan 1 mol ion hidroksida untuk membentuk 1 mol air.

2. Asid hidroklorik ialah asid kuat manakala asid etanoik ialah asid
lemah. Sebahagian haba yang terbebas diserap semula oleh
asid etanoik untuk mengion molekul asid etanoik dengan
lengkap.

3. Bilangan mol air yang terhasil adalah sama.

Ion K+ dan ion Na+ hanya ion pemerhati.

2 Soalan 1:
MV
Bilangan mol HCl =
1000
2.0(50)
=
1000
= 0.1 mol HCl

MV
Bilangan mol NaOH =
1000
2.0(50)
=
1000
= 0.1 mol NaOH

HCl + NaOH  NaCl + H2O

1 mol HCl bertindak balas dengan 1 mol NaOH untuk

menghasilkan 1 mol H2O
Maka, 0.1 mol HCl bertindak balas dengan 0.1 mol NaOH untuk
menghasilkan 0.1 mol H2O

q = mc
= (50 + 50) x 4.2 x 13
= 5460 J
Adakah anda tahu mengapa kita
merujuk bilangan mol AgCl
q apabila menghitung ∆H?
∆H =
n
5460 Ya. Berdasarkan definisi, haba
= pemendakan ialah perubahan
0.1 haba apabila 1 mol mendakan
terbentuk. AgCl ialah mendakan
= 54600 J mol-1 putih.

∆H = −54.6 kJ mol-1

Soalan 2:
5.5 kJ

Soalan 3:
6.8 oC

4.5 Haba 1 1. Perubahan haba apabila 1 mol bahan terbakar dengan

Pembakaran lengkap.

2. Tin kuprum ialah konduktor haba yang baik

 3. Bilangan atom hidrogen dan atom karbon per unit molekul
pentanol adalah lebih banyak daripada propanol.
Lebih banyak gas karbon dioksida dan air dihasilkan.
Lebih banyak haba dibebaskan semasa pembentukan gas
karbon dioksida dan air.

2 Soalan 1:
q = mc
= 100 x 4.2 x 28
= 11760 J

Soalan 2:
Jisim
Bilangan mol = Jisim Molar
18.5
=
4(12)  10(1)  16
= 0.25 mol C4H9OH

q = n x ∆H x 1000
= 0.25 x 2678 x 1000
= 669500 J

Soalan 3:

Soalan 4:
1.793 g

Soalan 5:
(i) 60g mol-1
(ii) 33.6 kJ g-1

Jawapan Latihan Topikal Format SPM

Objektif
1A 2D 3A 4D 5B 6A 7C

Struktur

1 (a) Heat change /released when 1 mol copper is displaced from copper (II) 1
sulphate solution by zinc

(b) (i) 50 X 4.2 X 6 J // 1260 J 1

(ii) (1.0 )(50) // 0.05 1
1000

(iii) 1260 J // 25200 J mol-1 1

0.05
= - 25.2 kJ mol-1 1
 (c) 1. Correct reactant and product 1
2. Correct two energy level for exothermic reaction 1
3. Correct value heat of displacement and unit 1
Sample answer
Energy
Zn + CuSO4 //
Zn + Cu2+
∆H = - 25.2 kJmol-1

ZnSO4 + Cu //
Zn2+ + Cu

(d) Blue colour becomes paller / fader 1

(e) 1260 J // 630 J 1
2
Number of mole copper (II) sulphate half 1
TOTAL 11

2 (a) 50.425 kJ heat is released when 1 mole propanol is burnt completely in

excess oxygen. 1
(b) Exothermic 1
(c) (i)
[Correct formula of reactants and products] 1
[Balanced chemical equation] 1 2

Sample answer :

2C3H7OH + 9O2 → 6CO2 + 8H2O

(c) (ii) Carbon dioxide and water 1 1

(d) Energy content of reactant more than energy content of product 1
(e) (i) Mol propanol = 3 / 60
= 0.05 mol 1

Heat released = 0.05 × 50.425

= 2. 52125 kJ. 1 2

(e) (ii) 1. Functional diagram [ water in copper can, thermometer in water,

propanol in spirit lamp, tripod stand ] 1
2. Label [ water, thermometer ,propanol ] 1
3. Precaution [ Windshield, the flame of burning propanol must touch
the base of copper can ] 1 3
 TOTAL 11

Esei
1 (a)(i) Neutralisation//Exothermic reaction 1
(ii) Total energy content of reactant is higher than total energy content in product 1

(iii)  The heat of neutralization of Expt 1 is higher than Expt 2 1

 HCl is strong acid while ethanoic acid is weak acid 1
 HCl ionizes completely in water to produce H+ ion 1
 CH3COOH ionizes partially in water to produce H+ ion and most of 1
ethanoic acid exist as molecules
 In Expt 2,Some of heat given out during neutralization reaction is used 1
to dissociate the ethanoic acid completely in water//part of heat that is
released is used to break the bonds in the molecules of ethanoic acid
that has not been ionised
(b)(i) No of mol acid/alkali= 50 X 1 /1000= 0.05 1

Q= H X no of mol
= 57.3 X 0.05 1
= 2.865 kJ // 2865 J 1
(ii) 2865 = 100 X 4.2 X 0 1
0 = 2865 ÷ 420 1
= 6.8 0C ( unit must correct) 1
(iii) Some of heat is lost to the sorrounding 1
Heat is absorbed by polystyrene cup 1
(c )
A B
1
The reaction is exothermic// Heat The reaction is endothermic// Heat
releases to the sorrounding during absorbed from the sorrounding
the reaction during the reaction
1
During the reaction, heat releases to During the reaction, heat absorbed
the sorrounding is x kJ per mol from the sorrounding is y kJ per mol
The energy content in reactant is The energy content in reactant is
1
higher than energy content in lower than energy content in product
product
The temperature increases during The temperature decreases during
1
the reaction the reaaction
Heat released during the formastion Heat absorbed during the breaking
of bond in product is higher than of bond in reactant is higher than
heat absorbed during the breaking of heat released during the formastion 1
bond in reactant of bond in product

TOTAL 20