DAFTAR ISI

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ................................................................................ i

KATA PENGANTAR ........................................................................................ ii

DAFTAR ISI ......................................................................................................iii

DAFTAR GAMBAR .......................................................................................... v

DAFTAR TABEL .............................................................................................. iv

BAB 1 PENDAHULUAN ................................................................................. 1

1.1 Latar Belakang ................................................................................... 1

BAB 2 TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ........................................................................ 3

2.1 Anatomi dan Fisiologi ........................................................................ 3

2.2 Definisi ............................................................................................... 9

2.3 Epidemiologi..................................................................................... 10

2.4 Klasifikasi ......................................................................................... 12

2.5 Etiologi ............................................................................................. 13

2.6 Faktor Predisposisi ........................................................................... 14

2.7 Patofisiologi ...................................................................................... 16

2.8 Manifestasi ........................................................................................ 21

2.9 Diagnosis .......................................................................................... 25

2.10 Penatalaksanaan .............................................................................. 30

2.11 Komplikasi...................................................................................... 34

2.12 Urosepsis......................................................................................... 35

2.12 Prognosis ........................................................................................ 41

BAB 3 KESIMPULAN .................................................................................... 43

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DAFTAR PUSTAKA ...................................................................................... 44

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 DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 1. Struktur saluran kemih manusia .................................................... 3

Gambar 2. Struktur anatomi ginjal .................................................................. 5

Gambar 3. Vesika urinaria dan uretra pada perempuan dan laki-laki ............. 6

Gambar 4. Vaskularisasi Renal ....................................................................... 7

Gambar 5. Collecting System .......................................................................... 8

Gambar 6. Mikroanatomi Nefron .................................................................... 9

Gambar 7. Klasifikasi infeksi saluran kemih ................................................ 13

Gambar 8. Masuknya kuman secara ascending ke dalam saluran kemih ..... 17

Gambar 9. Pertahanan lokal tubuh terhadap infeksi ..................................... 18

Gambar 10. Bakteri menempel pada sel urotelium menggunakan fimbriae ... 20

Gambar 11. Pielonefritis ................................................................................. 22

Gambar 12. Sistitis .......................................................................................... 23

Gambar 13. Uretritis........................................................................................ 24

Gambar 14. Hubungan antara lokasi infeksi dengan gejala klinis .................. 25

Gambar 15. Dip-Slide Test ............................................................................. 29

Gambar 16. Proses terjadinya skar pada ginjal ............................................... 34

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 DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 1. Epidemiologi ISK menurut usia dan jenis kelamin ......................... 11

Tabel 2. Persentase biakan mikroorganisme penyebab ISK .......................... 13

Tabel 3. Kriteria untuk diagnosis bakteriuria bermakna ................................ 28

Tabel 4. Pemilihan regimen antibiotik untuk infeksi saluran kemih ............. 31

Tabel 5. Pembagian terapi antibiotik ............................................................. 32

Tabel 6. Definisi sepsis .................................................................................. 36

Tabel 7. Terapi suportif pada urosepsis ......................................................... 41

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