Ekstremitas

Ekstremitas superior
Ekstremitas inferior
Ekstremitas superior
Terdiri dari:
 Cingulum pectorale:
clavicula, scapula
 Pars libera ossa membri
superior:
 Humerus; lengan atas
 Radius, ulna; lengan bawah
 Carpal, metacarpal, dan
phalanges; telapak tangan
 Clavicula

 Bentuk “S”:
 medial 2/3 convex ke
ventral
 lateral 1/3 convex ke dorsal
 Ekstremitas sternalis:
medial
 Ekstremitas acromialis:
lateral
Scapula
 Margo:
 Superior: processus coracoideus, incisura
scapularis
 Lateral (axillaris)
 Medial (vertebralis)
 Angulus:
 Superior: ~ costae II
 Inferior: ~ costae VII/spatium intercostalis VII
 Lateral: cavitas glenoidalis, tuberculum supra-
infra glenoidalis
 Facies:
 Anterior (concave): fossa subscapularis
 Posterior: spina scapula, fossa supra-
infraspinosus, acromion
Humerus
 Epiphysis proximal:
 caput humeri, collum anatomicum,
tuberculum majus-minus, crista
tuberculi majoris-minoris, sulcus
intertubercularis groove, collum
chirurgicum
 Diaphysis:
 Facies lateralis: tuberositas deltoideus
 Facies post.: sulcus nervi radialis
 Epiphysis distal:
 Epicondylus lateralis-medialis,
capitulum humeri, trochlea humeri,
fossa coronoidea (anterior) – fossa
olecranon (posterior), sulcus nervi
ulnaris
Radius
 Epiphysis proximal: caput radii,
collum radii, tuberositas radii,
circumferentia articularis
 Diaphysis: margo interosseous
 Epiphysis distal: processus
styloideus (lateral), incisura
ulnaris (medial), facies articularis
carpalis (inferior)
COLLE’S FRACTURE :
Fx pada epiphysis distal os radius
Ulna
 Epiphysis proximal:
olecranon
processus coronoideus
incisura trochlearis/semilunaris
incisura radialis
tuberositas ulna
 Epiphysis distal:
processus styloideus
caput ulna
circumferentia articularis
Ossa carpi (Carpalia)
 Deret proximal ― (lateral-medial)
scaphoideum (naviculare),
lunatum, triquetrum and
pisiforme
 Deret distal ― (lateral-medial)
trapezium, trapezoideum,
capitatum and hamatum
Ossa metacarpi (Metacarpalia
I-V)
Ossa digitorum (Phalanges)
 14 tulang
Ossa Carpi
Quiz:

 Jelaskan tentang canalis carpi, eminentia

carpi ulnaris, dan eminentia carpi radialis!
THE CARPAL TUNNEL

 Terowongan yg dibentuk
oleh ossa carpalia &
retinaculum flexor pada
pergelangan tangan.
 Dilalui oleh n. medianus
& tendon otot2 flexor
tangan
Ekstremitas inferior

Terdiri dari:
 Cingulum pelvicum: Os
coxae
 Pars libera:
 Femur: tungkai atas
 patella
 Tibia; fibula: tungkai bawah
 Tarsalia, metatarsalia,
phalanges: telapak kaki
Coxae
Terdiri dari 3 tulang yang mengalami fusi:
ilium, ischium, pubicum
 Ilium

 Corpus

membentuk 2/5 superior acetabulum

 Ala: crista iliaca, tuberculum iliacum,

spina iliaca anterior superior, spine

iliaca anterior inferior, spina iliaca
posterior superior, spine iliaca
posterior inferior, incisura ischiadica
major, facies glutealis, fossa iliaca,
linea arcuata, facies auricularis,
tuberositas iliaca.
 Ischium
 Corpus ― membentuk 2/5 posterior-

inferior acetabulum, spine ischiadica,

incisura ischiadica minor
 Ramus, tuber ischiadicum

 Pubicum ― membentuk 1/5 anterior-

inferior acetabulum, eminentia
iliopubica
 Ramus superior: pecten os pubis,
pubic tuberculum pubicum, crista
pubicum, facies symphysialis
 Ramus inferior: foramen
obturatorius
Acetabulum ― dibentuk oleh corpus os
ischium, pubicum, ilium: facies lunata,
fossa acetabuli, incisura acetabuli
Pelvis

Figure 5.23a
Perbedaan pelvis pria dan wanita
Quiz:

 Jelaskan tentang pembagian cavum pelvis

dan batas-batasnya!

 Jelaskan ukuran-ukuran panggul dalam dan

ukuran-ukuran panggul luar!
Femur
 Epiphysis proximal: caput femoris,
fovea capitis femoris, collum
femoris, trochanter major,
trochanter minor, linea
intertrochanterica, crista
intertrochanterica
 Diaphysis: linea aspera , tuberositas
glutealis, linea pectinea, facies
poplitea
 Epiphysis distal: condylus medialis
dan lateralis, epicondylus medialis
dan lateralis, tuberculum
adductorium, fossa intercondylaris,
facies patellaris
Fx collum femoris
Tibia
 Epiphysis proximal:
condylus medialis dan
lateralis, eminentia
intercondylaris, facies
articularis fibularis,
tuberositas tibia
 Diaphysis: margo
interosseous, linea musculi
solei (posterior)
 Epiphysis distal: incisura
fibularis, malleolus medialis
Fibula
 Epiphysis proximal: caput fibulae,
collum fibulae
 Diaphysis: margo interosseous
 Epiphysis distal: malleolus lateralis

Patella
 Basis dan apex patellae
 Facies articularis anterior-posterior
Os tarsi (Tarsalia)
Terdiri dari 7 tulang pendek dalam 3
deretan:
 Posterior ― talus , calcaneus

 Medial ― naviculare

 Anterior ― cuneiforme mediale,

intermedium, and laterale,
cuboideum
Os metatarsi (Metatarsalia I-V)
Os digitorum (Phalanges)

Surface landmarks:
 trochlea tali
 tuberositas calcanei
 tuberositas os naviculare
 tuberositas os metatarsal V
Quiz:

 Jelaskan tentang arcus pedis!

Clinical aspect
Radial head dislocation
Colle’s fx

Scaphoid fx

Boxer fx

Bennet’s fx
Elbow: Radial head dislocation
Wrist: Colles’ Fracture
Description
 When someone falls on their outstretched hand, they
sometimes get a "broken wrist." The bone that is usually
broken is distal end of radius.
 Therefore, the medical term for the most common type of

"broken wrist" is a distal radius fracture

 In fact, the radius is the most commonly broken bone in the
arm. The break usually happens when you fall and land on
your outstretched hands.
 Sometimes, the other forearm bone (the ulna) is also broken.
When this happens, it is called a distal ulna fracture.
 This fracture was first described by an Irish surgeon and
anatomist, Abraham Colles, in 1814
Wrist: Scaphoid Fracture
• fall hyperextended wrist
Wrist: Boxer’s Fx X-ray

distal 5th metacarpal, reduce if

angulation > 30
Bennett’s Fracture
 Description:
An intraarticular fracture of
the base of the first
metacarpal with
involvement of
carpometacarpal joint.
Symptom is extreme pain at
the base of thumb, with
tenderness and swelling.
Bibliography:
 E. H. Bennett:
Fractures of the metacarpal
bones.
Dublin Journal of Medical
Science, 1882, 73: 72-75.