Toefl

Tips ; Trick ; Cara; Strategi menghadapi soal reading TOEFL
Pertanyaan-pertanyaan dari sesi reading dalam tes TOEFL terdiri dari 5 reading; setiap
reading terdiri dari sejumlah pertanyaan baik itu pemahaman reading atau pun pertanyaan
terkait kosakata tertentu. Topik-topik dalam bacaan (reading) TOEFL bervariasi; umumnya
terkait dengan pelajaran-pelajaran yang dipelajari di universitas Amerika: sejarah Amerika,
literatur, seni, arsitektur, geologi, geografi, dan astronomi.
Salah satu hal yang umumnya menghambat para peserta tes TOEFL yaitu terkait dengan
“TIME.” Waktunya sedikit banget lho hehehe… bayangin ajha waktu saya ambil tes TOEFL, 1
reading terakhir belum di baca baik-baik eh pengawas dah minta suruh kumpul. Waduh
pusing bukan main. Ya terpaksa dech ngisi ajha “SECARA KILAT.” *_^
Nah di bawah ini saya akan tulis strategi-strategi dalam menghancurkan soal dalam reading
TOEFL. By the way, kok pakai kata “MENGHANCURKAN SEGALA”? hehehe nthu ada
pesannya lho hehe. Maksud dari kata ‘menghancurkan’ itu supaya kamu, jika ingin
mengambil tes TOEFL, JANGAN santai belajarnya tes TOEFL itu gak gampang ngejawabnya.
Butuh banyak latihan, butuh keseriusan, n tentunya butuh modal. Modal maksudnya di sini
pembayaran ikut tes TOEFL yang sampai 400rb minimal ^_^
Strategi-strategi dalam MENGHANCURKAN tes TOEFL (Cuma untuk reading)
1. Pakai strategi Skimming untuk mengetahui ide pokok dari bacaan. Udah tahu kan
skimming itu apa? Kan dah belajar d SMA kelas 1. Lau kagak tanya thu om goggle. Tak perlu
tahu semua rincian isi bacan untuk menjawab pertanyaan. Buang waktu aja heeheh (gak
usah jadi anak TERLALU rajin lau lagi ketemu soal, atau kamu kehabisan waktu ntar hehehe)
2. Lihat baik-baik jenis pertanyaannya. Beda JENIS pertanyaan pastinya beda CARA jawabnya
^_^
Untuk ide pokok (main idea), perhatiin baris pertama setiap paragraph.
Directly and indirectly answered detail questions (termasuk informasi rinci, tersirat,
preferensi dan pronoun), pake metode skimming untuk cari kata kunci atau bagian yang
membahas pertanyaannya secara cepat.
Pertanyaan arti kata (vocabulary questions). Mudah kok nemuinnya letak kosakatanya di
reading cos ntar di soal diberitahu kok. Yang susah nthu jawabnya hehehehe piiiiiizzz ^_^
Overall review questions. Ntar di sini yang ditanyain semisal: di baris mana penulis
membahsa informasi tertentu, juga termasuk apa tujuan penulis (tone, purpose, course).
Susah ya???? Emang susah lau gak mau serius belajar :P
3. Baca bagian dari bacaan untuk menjawab pertanyaan yang ditanyain soal. Bukannya yg
ditanyain teman lho ehhehhe
4. Yang terakhir PILIH JAWABAN TERBAIKMU. Hahaah tentunya, kecuali cuma datang tesnya
untuk have fun ajha heheheh :P. Perhatiin ya “TERBAIKMU” bukannya terbaik menurut yang
di sampingmu. Dilarang nyontek hheeheh. Jangan ikuti saya, suka nyontek xixixix ketahuan
&_*
(Di nyontek dari Longman Preparation Course for the TOEFL Test)
Apa arti frasa ìn the sense that`?
Apa arti frasa ìn the sense that`?
Salah satu arti dari frasa ìn the sense` ialah `dalam artian bahwa`.
Contoh kalimat:
All science is static in the sense that it describes the unchanging aspects of things.
Hockey is a unique sport in the sense that you need each and every guy helping each other
and pulling in the same direction to be successful.
Teaching can be research-informed in the sense that it draws consciously on systematic

inquiry into the teaching and learning process itself.
No The Proverbs The meaning

A bad tree does not yield good apples. If the source is bad, the results will also be
2
bad
A bad workman blames his tools. Unsuccessful people do not take responsibility
3
for their failures.
4 A bird in hand is worth two in Don't throw away your security on a gamble.
5 a bush.
A broken friendship may be soldered When trust is lost the relationship will never
6
but will never be sound. fully recover.
A burden of one's own choice is not Things we choose to do, do not seem difficult.
7
felt.
8 A burnt child dreads the fire. People avoid repeating bad experiences.
9 A cat has nine lives. Cats are remarkably resilient.
A chain is no stronger than its weakest Every member of a group is important to its
10
link. success.
A change is as good as a rest. A change in routine can be as refreshing as a
11
break or a holiday.
A dry March, a wet April and a cool When the weather is dry in March, wet in
12
May fill barn and cellar and bring much April and cool in May, farmers will have a rich
hay. harvest
A fault confessed is half redressed. When you admit fault, you are on your way
13
to repairing the damage you caused.
14 A flower blooms more than once. Opportunities lost may well come again.
A fool and his money are (soon) easily A greedy person is easy to cheat.
15
parted.
A fool at forty is a fool forever. A person who hasn't matured by the age of
16
40 will never mature.
A friend in need is a friend indeed. Someone who helps you when you are in
17
trouble is a real friend.
A friend to all is a friend to none. A person who is friendly to everyone has no
18
real friends.
19
20 We can trust our friends to tell us the truth.
21 A friend's eye is a good mirror.
22
A good example is the best sermon. What you do is more convincing than what
23
you say.
24 A good beginning makes a good end. Prepare carefully and you will be successful.
A good conscience is a soft pillow. You sleep well when you have nothing to be
25
guilty about.
A guilty conscience needs no accuser. When you have done wrong, you feel guilty
26
even if nobody else knows,
A hungry belly has no ears. Feed the hungry if you want them to listen to
27
you.
A hungry wolf is fixed to no place. Nobody is safe from people who are
28
desperate.
29
30
31
32 A leopard cannot change its spots. People don't change.
33 A lie begets a lie. Telling one lie leads to more lying.
34 A little fire is quickly trodden out. Handle problems while they are small..
A loaded wagon makes no noise. Wealthy people do not talk about their
35
money.
36 A loveless life is living death. Without love, we are not really alive.
37 A man can die but once. Do not fear death.
A man is as old as he feels himself to Psychological age is more important than
38
be. chronological age.
A man is known by the company he A person's character is judged by his or her
39
keeps. friends.
A monkey in silk is a monkey no less. Don't be fooled by fine clothes; the person
40
wearing them has not changed.
41 A new broom sweeps clean. A new leader eliminates people who don't
cooperate with him.
A problem shared is a problem halved. Problems see less worrisome when you
42
discuss them with someone sympathetic.
43
44 A rising tide lifts all boats. When conditions improve, everyone benefits.
45 A rolling stone gathers no moss People who avoid ties remain independent.
A rotten apple spoils the barrel. A dishonest or immoral person influences
46
everyone for the worse.
A smooth sea never made a skilled In order to improve, we must challenge
47
mariner. obstacles.
A stitch in time saves nine. If you deal with a problem at an early stage,
48
you will prevent it from getting worse.
A stumble may prevent a fall. Making a small mistake may open your eyes
49
to greater dangers.
A swallow does not make the summer. One good sign does not mean that everything
50
is all right.
A watched pot never boils. If you wait anxiously for something to
51
happen, it seems to take a long time.
A young idler, an old beggar. Work when you are young if you want to
52
have money when you're old.
When you can't be with someone you love,
53
Absence makes the heart grow fonder your love grows.
54
55
56 Accidents will happen Some misfortunes are inevitable.
Actions speak louder than words What a person actually does is more
57
important than what they say they will do.
58 Advice is cheap Some people's advice is worthless.
Advice is least heeded when most When a problem is serious, people often do
59
needed. not follow the advice given.
Advisors run no risks. It's easy to give advice when you won't have
60
to suffer the consequences.
61 All cats are grey in the dark. Don't be overly influenced by surface beauty.
62
All days are short to industry and long When you are focused on a job, time passes
63 to idleness. quickly, but time goes by slowly when you
have nothing to do.
All good things come to those who
64
wait. If you are patient you will be rewarded.
65 All that glitters is not gold. Appearances can be deceptive.
All is fair in love and war. People can be ruthless in pursuit of what they
66
want.
All's well that ends well. When a solution is achieved, the tactics used
67
to get it no longer matter.
68 All things grow with time - except With the passage of time, grief may lessen.
grief.
All things are difficult before they are
69
easy. It's not easy to learn something new.
All work and no play makes Jack a dull Everybody needs a balance of work and
70
boy. relaxation.
An apple a day keeps the doctor away. A small preventative treatment wards off
71
serious problems.
An empty purse frightens away friends. When one's financial situation deteriorates,
72
friends tend to disappear.
An Englishman's home is his castle An Englishman's home is a place where he
73 feels safe, enjoys privacy and can do as he
wishes.
74 An idle brain is the devil's workshop Keep busy and you will avoid temptation.
An onion a day keeps everyone away. A humorous version of "an apple a day keeps
75 the doctor away"...Onions smell bad, so if you
eat one people will avoid you.
An ounce of discretion is worth a
76
pound of wit. Don't make jokes at other people's expense.
An ounce of prevention is worth a A little prudence now will keep small
77
pound of cure. problems from becoming large ones.
Anger is the one thing made better by Let your anger cool a bit before speaking or
78
delay. acting.
Any time means no time. If you want to get things done, you must be
79
specific.
April showers bring May flowers. Something bad or unpleasant today may
80
bring good things in the future.
As you sow, so shall you reap. You have to accept the consequences of your
81
actions.
Ask me no questions, I'll tell you no Don't pry about things that are none of your
82
lies. business.
No The proverbs The meaning

Pohon yang buruk tidak menghasilkan Jika sumbernya buruk, hasilnya juga akan
2
apel yang baik. buruk
Pekerja yang buruk menyalahkan Orang yang tidak berhasil tidak bertanggung
3
alatnya. jawab atas kegagalan mereka.
Seekor burung di tangan bernilai dua Jangan membuang keamanan Anda pada
4
taruhan.
5 semak.
Persahabatan yang rusak mungkin Ketika kepercayaan hilang, hubungan tidak
6
disolder tetapi tidak akan pernah sehat. akan pernah pulih sepenuhnya.
Beban pilihan sendiri tidak terasa. Hal-hal yang kita pilih untuk dilakukan,
7
sepertinya tidak sulit.
Seorang anak yang terbakar takut Orang menghindari pengulangan
8
dengan api. pengalaman buruk.
Seekor kucing memiliki sembilan
9
nyawa. Kucing sangat ulet.
Rantai tidak lebih kuat dari tautan Setiap anggota kelompok penting untuk
10
terlemahnya. keberhasilannya.
Perubahan sama baiknya dengan Perubahan dalam rutinitas bisa sama
11 istirahat. menyegarkannya dengan istirahat atau
liburan.
Maret yang kering, April yang basah, Ketika cuaca kering di bulan Maret, basah di
dan Mei yang dingin mengisi gudang bulan April dan dingin di bulan Mei, para
12
dan gudang serta membawa banyak petani akan mendapatkan panen yang kaya
jerami.
Kesalahan mengaku setengah ditebus. Ketika Anda mengakui kesalahan, Anda
13 sedang dalam perjalanan untuk memperbaiki
kerusakan yang Anda sebabkan.
14 Seekor bunga mekar lebih dari sekali. Peluang yang hilang mungkin datang lagi.
Orang bodoh dan uangnya (segera) Orang yang tamak mudah ditipu.
15
mudah dibelah.
Orang bodoh di usia empat puluh Seseorang yang belum matang pada usia 40
16
adalah orang bodoh selamanya. tidak akan pernah matang.
Teman yang membutuhkan memang Seseorang yang membantu Anda ketika Anda
17
teman. dalam kesulitan adalah teman sejati.
Teman untuk semua adalah teman bagi Seseorang yang ramah kepada semua orang
18
siapa pun. tidak memiliki teman sejati.
19
Kita bisa mempercayai teman-teman kita
20
untuk mengatakan yang sebenarnya.
Mata seorang teman adalah cermin
21
yang bagus.
22
Contoh yang baik adalah khotbah Apa yang Anda lakukan lebih meyakinkan
23
terbaik. daripada apa yang Anda katakan.
Awal yang baik membuat akhir yang Bersiaplah dengan hati-hati dan Anda akan
24
baik. berhasil.
Hati nurani yang baik adalah bantal Anda tidur nyenyak saat Anda tidak bersalah.
25
yang lembut.
Hati nurani yang bersalah tidak perlu Ketika Anda melakukan kesalahan, Anda
26 penuduh. merasa bersalah bahkan jika tidak ada orang
lain yang tahu,
Perut lapar tidak memiliki telinga. Beri makan orang yang lapar jika Anda ingin
27
mereka mendengarkan Anda.
Serigala yang lapar tidak bisa bergerak Tidak ada yang aman dari orang yang putus
28
ke mana-mana. asa.
29
30
31
32 Macan tutul tidak dapat mengubah Orang tidak berubah.
bintik-bintiknya.
Sebuah kebohongan menghasilkan Mengatakan satu kebohongan akan
33 kebohongan. menghasilkan kebohongan yang lebih
banyak.
34 Api kecil cepat-cepat padam. Menangani masalah saat mereka kecil ..
Gerobak yang dimuat tidak membuat Orang kaya tidak berbicara tentang uang
35
suara. mereka.
Kehidupan tanpa cinta adalah Tanpa cinta, kita tidak benar-benar hidup.
36
kematian.
37 Seorang pria bisa mati tetapi satu kali. Jangan takut mati.
Seorang pria setua yang dia rasakan. Usia psikologis lebih penting daripada usia
38
kronologis.
Seorang pria dikenal oleh perusahaan Karakter seseorang dinilai oleh temannya.
39
yang dipeliharanya.
Monyet dalam sutra adalah monyet Jangan tertipu oleh pakaian bagus; orang
40
juga. yang memakainya belum berubah.
Sapu baru menyapu bersih. Seorang pemimpin baru menghilangkan
41 orang-orang yang tidak mau bekerja sama
dengannya.
Masalah yang dibagikan adalah Masalah terlihat kurang mengkhawatirkan
42 masalah yang dibagi dua. saat Anda membicarakannya dengan
seseorang yang simpatik.
43
Gelombang pasang mengangkat semua Ketika kondisi membaik, semua orang
44
perahu. mendapat manfaat.
Sebuah batu bergulir tidak Orang yang menghindari ikatan tetap
45
mengumpulkan lumut independen.
Sebuah apel busuk merusak laras. Orang yang tidak jujur atau tidak bermoral
46 mempengaruhi setiap orang menjadi lebih
buruk.
Laut yang mulus tidak pernah menjadi Untuk meningkatkan, kita harus menantang
47
pelaut yang terampil. rintangan.
Sebuah tusuk waktu menghemat Jika Anda menangani masalah pada tahap
48
sembilan. awal, Anda akan mencegahnya memburuk.
Tersandung dapat mencegah jatuh. Membuat kesalahan kecil mungkin membuka
49 mata Anda terhadap bahaya yang lebih
besar.
Menelan tidak membuat musim panas. Satu pertanda baik tidak berarti semuanya
50
baik-baik saja.
Panci yang diawasi tidak pernah Jika Anda menunggu dengan cemas untuk
51 mendidih. sesuatu terjadi, sepertinya butuh waktu
lama.
Pemalas muda, pengemis tua. Bekerja ketika Anda masih muda jika Anda
52
ingin memiliki uang ketika Anda sudah tua.
Ketidakhadiran membuat hati semakin Ketika Anda tidak bisa bersama seseorang
53
dekat yang Anda cintai, cinta Anda tumbuh.
54
55
56 Kecelakaan akan terjadi Beberapa kemalangan tidak terhindarkan.
Tindakan berbicara lebih keras Apa yang sebenarnya dilakukan seseorang
57 daripada kata-kata lebih penting daripada apa yang mereka
katakan akan mereka lakukan.
58 Nasihat itu murah Nasihat beberapa orang tidak berharga.
Nasihat paling tidak diperhatikan ketika Ketika masalah serius, orang sering tidak
59
paling dibutuhkan. mengikuti saran yang diberikan.
Penasihat tidak memiliki risiko. Sangat mudah untuk memberikan saran
60 ketika Anda tidak harus menderita
konsekuensinya.
Semua kucing berwarna abu-abu dalam Jangan terlalu dipengaruhi oleh keindahan
61
gelap. permukaan.
62
Semua hari pendek untuk industri dan Ketika Anda fokus pada suatu pekerjaan,
panjang untuk kemalasan. waktu berlalu dengan cepat, tetapi waktu
63
berlalu dengan lambat ketika Anda tidak
memiliki pekerjaan.
Semua hal baik datang kepada mereka
64
yang menunggu. Jika Anda sabar Anda akan dihargai.
65 Tak selalu yang berkilau itu indah. Penampilan bisa menipu.
Semua adil dalam cinta dan perang. Orang bisa menjadi kejam dalam mengejar
66
apa yang mereka inginkan.
Semua baik-baik saja itu berakhir Ketika solusi tercapai, taktik yang digunakan
67
dengan baik. untuk mendapatkannya tidak lagi masalah.
Semua hal tumbuh seiring waktu - Dengan berlalunya waktu, kesedihan dapat
68
kecuali kesedihan. berkurang.
Semua hal sulit sebelum mudah. Tidak mudah untuk mempelajari sesuatu
69
yang baru.
Semua bekerja dan tidak bermain
70 membuat Jack anak yang Setiap orang membutuhkan keseimbangan
membosankan. antara kerja dan relaksasi.
Satu apel sehari dapat menghindarkan Perawatan pencegahan kecil menangkal
71
dari penyakit. masalah serius.
Dompet kosong membuat teman- Ketika situasi keuangan seseorang
72 teman takut. memburuk, teman-teman cenderung
menghilang.
Rumah orang Inggris adalah istananya Rumah orang Inggris adalah tempat di mana
ia merasa aman, menikmati privasi dan
73
dapat melakukan apa saja yang
diinginkannya.
Otak yang menganggur adalah bengkel Tetap sibuk dan Anda akan terhindar dari
74
iblis godaan.
Bawang sehari membuat semua orang Versi lucu "apel sehari membuat dokter
75
menjauh. menjauh" ... Bawang berbau busuk, jadi jika
Anda makan satu orang akan menghindari
Anda.
Satu ons kebijaksanaan bernilai satu
76
pon kecerdasan. Jangan bercanda dengan biaya orang lain.
Mencegah lebih baik daripada Sedikit kehati-hatian sekarang akan
77 mengobati. mencegah masalah kecil menjadi masalah
besar.
Kemarahan adalah satu-satunya hal Biarkan amarah Anda sedikit dingin sebelum
78
yang dibuat lebih baik oleh penundaan. berbicara atau bertindak.
Setiap saat berarti tidak ada waktu. Jika Anda ingin menyelesaikan sesuatu, Anda
79
harus spesifik.
Hujan di bulan April membawa bunga Sesuatu yang buruk atau tidak
80 bulan Mei. menyenangkan hari ini dapat membawa hal-
hal baik di masa depan.
Saat Anda menabur, Anda juga akan Anda harus menerima konsekuensi dari
81
menuai. tindakan Anda.
Jangan tanya saya, saya tidak akan Jangan membongkar hal-hal yang bukan
82
berbohong. urusan Anda.
Cara Meningkatkan Speaking dalam Bahasa Inggris
Aturan pertama: Selalu Mempelajari dan Me-review Gabungan Kata (phrase) bukan kata
per-kata.
Jangan pernah mempelajari kata per-kata. Ketika Anda mendapatkan sebuah kata baru,
selalu lah menulis kata tersebut beserta kata lain yang bergandengan (dalam bentuk
phrase). Ketika me-review ingatlah selalu untuk me-review phrase buka kata per-kata.
Kumpulkan banyak phrase. Speaking dan grammar Anda akan meningkat 4-5 kali lebih
cepat. Ingatlah untuk menulis phrase yang lengkap. Jangan pernah lagi menulis kata per
kata. Jangan pernah menulis kata per-kata pada notebook Anda pelajari phrase. Phrase
merupakan gabungan kata yang pada dasarnya selalu bersama.
Aturan 2: Jangan Pernah belajar grammar
Berhenti belajar grammar
Berhenti belajar grammar
Mulai sekarang berhentilah. Jauhkanlah buku-buku grammar Anda Aturan-aturan grammar

mengajar Anda untuk berpikir tentang bahasa Inggris, Anda t entunya ingin berbicara
bahasa Inggris (speak) tanpa berpikir terkait structure kalimat Anda . Jadi aturan 2; jangan
pernah belajar grammar.
Aturan 3: Hal yang Terpenting – Listen first (Mendengar terlebih dahulu)
Aturan apa yang didapatkan oleh Humberto? Simple. Aturannya yaitu listening.
Listening, Listening dan Listening
Anda harus mendengarkan untuk mendapatkan bahasa Inggris yang bias dimnegerti. Anda
harus mendengar (listening) setiap hari. Jangan membaca textbook. Listen to English. Sangat
sederhana. Inilah kunci sukses untuk bahasa Inggris Anda . Berhentilah membaca textbook
mulailah untuk listening setiap hari. Belajarlah melalui pendengaran anda. Bukan melalui
mata. Dalam sekolah Anda biasanya Anda dilatih belajar dengan mata Anda membaca
textbook. Anda mempelajari aturan grammar. Habiskan lah waktu Anda untuk listening.
Inilah kunci untuk bias speaking dengan baik.
Aturan 4: Pelan-Pelan, Deep Learning Is Best
Rahasia untuk bisa speaking dengan mudah adalah dengan mempelajari setiap kata dan
phrase secara mendalam (deeply). Tidaklah cukup jika hanya mengetahui definisi dari
sebuah kata. Tidaklah cukup untuk menghafal hanya untuk ujian. Anda harus menyimpan
kosakata bahasa Inggris dalam otak anda. Untuk speaking dengan mudah, Anda arus
mengulangi berulang-ulang kali setiap pelajaran. Anda harus mempelajari bahasa inggris
deeply. Learn deeply, speak easily (belajar secara mendalam, bercakapa dengan mudah).
Bagaimana Anda belajar deeply? mudah saja – Anda hanya butuh untuk mengulangi semua
pelajaran-pelajaran dan mendengarkan (listen) berulang-ulang kali. Contohnya, jika Anda
mempunyai sebuah audio beserta transkrip nya dalam bentuk buku, dengarlah 1
pembahasan (bab 1) sampai 30 kali sebelum Anda melangkah ke pembahasan selanjutnya,
Anda harus mendengar (listen) baba 1 tersebut 3 kali sehari, selama 10 hari.
Aturan 5: Gunakan “Point of View Mini-Stories”
Anda dapat belajar grammar secara otomatis dengan mendengar (listen) pada bahasa
Inggris yang asli dari native. Cara terbaik yaitu dengan mendengar pada cerita atau audio
yang sama. Diceritakan pada waktu-waktu yang berbeda (point of view): past, past perfect,
present, future. Bagaimana Anda menggunakan cara ini? Mudah saja! Carilah sebuah cerita
atau artikel yang menggunakan present tense. Begitu pun bentuk tense yang lain: future,
perfect tense, dll. Ingat dengarkan berulang-ulang kali. Anda tidak perlu tahu aturan-aturan
grammar. Yang Anda perlu lakukan hanya mendengar cerita tersebut dan grammar Anda
akan meningkat secara otomatis.
Aturan 6: Gunakan Hanya Pelajaran-pelajaran Bahasa Inggris yang Asli dari Native
Jika Anda ingin mengerti apa yang dikatakan oleh native dari Amerika, Inggris, Australia, dll,
Anda harus menggunakan majalah asli dari negeri berbahasa inggris, artikel + audio, TV, film
berbahasa inggris, radio, dan materi-materi lain yang bahasa Inggris nya asli dari native
berbahasa inggris luar negeri.
Aturan 7: Biasa kan Berbicara secara Langsung pada Native
Biasakan lah menjawab pertanyaan bahasa Inggris sara langsung. Ketika Anda bercakap
dengan seorang native atau pun mendengar radio bahasa inggris yang berupa pertanyaan
jawablah pertanyaan tersebut secara otomatis, cepat tanpa berpikir. Speaking Anda akan
berjalan otomatis. Biasa kan untuk banyak bercakap secara langsung pada seorang native
berbahasa inggris.
Apa arti kata Thy, Thou, Thee, dll.
Archaic word adalah kata-kata yang out-of-date, bahasa yang sudah lama tidak digunakan
lagi. Kata-kata yang masuk dalam kategori ini umumnya digunakan pada abad pertengahan
sampai akhir abad XIX.
Kiri = Archaic words (Bahasa Kuno)
Kanan = Modern words
Thou = you
Thee = you
Ye = you
Dost = do
Lest = let
Wilt = will
Standeth = stand
Thy = your
Receiveth = receive
Nigh = near
Knoweth = know
Hath = have/has
*Kata-kata semacam ini masih ditemukan dalam penerjemahan sebuah alkitab.
Pengertian Ain't
Kata "Ain't" umum digunakan dalam percakapan bahasa Inggris sehari-hari. Ain't merupakan
sigkatan dari "am not", "is not", "are not", "has not", dan "have not." Ain't dianggap sebagai
bahasa Informal.
Contoh:
Thank God we're all alive, ain't we? [ain't = aren't]
I ain't finished yet. [have not / is not]
You ain't seen nothing yet. [have not]
You ain't heard nothing yet! [have not]
Bagi contoh 3 dan 4, penggunaan ain't merupakan sebuah kewajiban karena dalam bahasa
Inggris standar, double negatif dalam 1 kalimat kurang dibenarkan.
Ke dua contoh tersebut digunakan dalam lagu. Pemaknaannya masih ambigu bagi
kebanyakan.
"You ain't seen nothing yet" seharusnya "You haven't seen nothing yet". Hanya saja
terdapat perbedaan dalam pemaknaan "You haven't seen nothing yet." Ada yang memaknai
"You have seen something" dan ada juga yang memaknainya "You haven't seen anything."
Pengertian I Am into You
Makna "Into" dalam kalimat "I am into you" yaitu "Interested in" atau "Enthusiastic about." I
am into you" merupakan bahasa Slang. Hal ini berarti "I am into you" tidak formal
(informal).
Singkatnya, "I am into you" mempunyai arti "Saya tertarik denganmu" atau "Saya suka
kamu."
Contoh:
Jackie is really into classical music.
They are into vegetarianism.
Pengertian Gotta
Kata "Gotta" merupakan singkatan "Got to." (Informal)
"Got to" sendiri singkatan dari "Have Got to." (Less informal)
"Have Got to" bermakna "Have to = Harus" (Formal)
Contoh:
I gotta manage my money.
I gotta obey the laws.
I gotta move to a bigger house.
I gotta impress my boss.
I gotta brush my teeth.
Tag: Apa arti gotta; Apa bahasa Indonesianya gotta.
Apa itu TOEFL?
TOEFL merupakan singkatan dari Test of English as a Foreign Language, yaitu salah satu jenis
tes dalam mengukur sejauh mana kemampuan bahasa Inggris seseorang. Tes TOEFL hanya
diperuntukkan kepada mereka yang bahasa Ibunya bukan bahasa Inggris. Tes TOEFL
umumnya digunakan untuk prasyarat melanjutkan studi S1, S2, maupun S3 baik dalam
maupun luar negeri. Olehnya, soal-soal yang diujikan dalam tes TOEFL 100% berkaitan
dengan kehidupan-kehidupan akademik/kampus.
Tak diragukan akan reputasi TOEFL -pertanyaan 100% terkait akademik- lebih dari 8.500
universitas di seluruh dunia mengakui dan menggunakan skor tes TOEFL sebagai pengukur
skill bahasa Inggris.
Jenis Tes TOEFL
Format tes TOEFL saat ini terbagi atas dua : Paper-based Test (PBT) dan Internet-based Test
(IBT). Format tes TOEFL tergantung dari daerah pusat penyelenggara tes. Untuk pusat
penyelenggara tes yang tidak punya akses internet maka akan menyediakan PBT. Untuk
daerah Indonesia masih banyak pusat penyelenggara tes yang menyediakan PBT. Berbeda
dengan PBT, IBT yang menggunakan internet terhubung langsung ke pusat administer ETS
terletak di Princeton, New Jersey, mempunyai jadwal yang telah ditetapkan jauh sebelum
tes dimulai dan juga peserta tes TOEFL IBT tidak boleh mengikuti tes yang berbeda dalam
masa 21 hari setelah tes.
Bentuk tes
PBT
Terdiri dari 4 bagian: Listening, Structure and Written Expression, Reading, dan
Writing/TWE. Untuk bagian ke empat TWE tidak begitu umum di prasyaratkan dan cara
penilainnya berpisah dari ke 3 bagian lainnya. Skor untuk tes PBT yaitu 217-677.
Test Section Description Time No. of

Limit Question
s
TOEFL Listening Comprehension Measures the ability to 30-40 50
PBT understand spoken English minutes
TOEFL Structure and Written Measures the ability to 25 40

PBT Expression recognize language appropriate minutes
for standard written English
TOEFL Reading Comprehension Measures the ability to 55 50
PBT understand non-technical minutes
reading material
TWE Test of Written English™ Measures the ability to write in 30 1 topic
English minutes
IBT
Terdiri dari 4 bagian: Reading, Listening, Speaking, dan Writing. Walau pun mempunyai sesi
khusus setiap skill yang diujikan, pada sesi speaking dan writing akan ada kombinasi dari
beberapa skill. Dalam speaking terdapat 6 pertanyaan; ada yang mempersyaratkan peserta
tes TOEFL mendengar dan merespon sebuah pertanyaan, percakapan, seseorang yang
berbicara sendiri, atau seorang professor yang sedang memberikan perrkuliahan. Ada juga
yang meminta peserta untuk membaca sebuah paragraf dan kemudian mendengar
percakapan terkait topik paragraf tersebut dan kemudian meresponnya dalam bentuk
speaking. Begitupun dalam sesi writing akan ada kombinasi dari skill reading, dan listening
yang kemudian direspon dalam bentuk writing. Total skor untuk IBT yaitu: 0-120.
Section Time Limit Questions Tasks
Reading* 60–80 minutes 36–56 questions Read 3 or 4 passages from academic

texts and answer questions.
Listening 60–90 minutes 34–51 questions Listen to lectures, classroom

discussions and conversations, then
answer questions.
Break 10 minutes — —
Speaking 20 minutes 6 tasks Express an opinion on a familiar topic;
speak based on reading and listening
tasks.
Writing 50 minutes 2 tasks Write essay responses based on
reading and listening tasks; support
an opinion in writing.
Pengertian dan Contoh Appositive
Appositive merupakan noun (kata benda) yang fungsinya menambahkan informasi

tambahan terhadapa noun lainnya. Berikut contoh kalimat berisi appositive.
1. The smartest student in the class, Budi has won the English debate competition.
2. Budi, the smartest student in the class, Budi has won the English debate competition.
Di kedua contoh kalimat di atas 'The smartest student in the class' sebagai appositive,
memberikan informasi tambahan tentang siapa itu Budi.
Untuk informasi selengkapnya, berikut penjelasan di video kami. Kami berikan lebih jauh
pengertian appositive beserta contoh-contoh kalimat dan soal.
Belajar STRUTCURE / GRAMMAR TOEFL 1
Skill 1: Pastikan kalimat itu mempunyai sebuah subjek dan kata kerja (Verb)
Sebuah kalimat dalam bahasa Inggris HARUS mempunyai minimal sebuah subjek dan kata
kerja (Verb). Hal yang paling sering muncul di tes TOEFL bagian structure/grammar yaitu
masalah subjek dan kata kerja: Bisa saja dalam sebuah kalimat kata kerjanya dihilangkan
atau mungkin subjeknya, atau mungkin juga ke duanya, atau justru mempunyai subjek dan
kata kerja yang berlebih.
Contoh 1:
________ was backed up for miles on the freeway.
a) Yesterday
b) In the morning
c) Traffic
d) Cars
Dari contoh di atas, terdapat sebuah kata kerja (was), tapi tidak terdapat subjek. Maka
jawaban yang paling tepat yaitu c) Traffic. Jawaban a), dan b) tidak termasuk dalam kategori
subjek. Ingat!!! Kata keterangan waktu seperti yesterday, in the morning dll tidak boleh
menjadi subjek. Sementara jawaban d) juga salah karena cars berbentuk jamak sehingga
tidak sesuai dengan kata kerja was (tunggal). Silahkan klik di sini untuk belajar mengenai hal
ini lebih jauh.
Contoh 2:
Engineers _____ for work on the new space program.
a) necessary
b) are needed
c) hopefully
d) next month
Kalimat di atas sudah mempunyai subjek (enggineer), hanya saja tidak mempunyai kata
kerja. Olehnya yang dibutuhkan untuk mengisi jawabannya yaitu sebuah kata kerja. Dari ke
empat jawaban yang tersedia hanya satu yang berbentuk kata kerja yaitu jawaban b) are
needed. Jadi jelaslah bahwa jawabannya adalah b. Necessary (kata sifat), hopefully (kata
keterangan/adverb), next month (kata keterangan/adverb).
Belajar STRUCTURE / GRAMMAR TOEFL 2

Skill 2: Perhatikan objek dari prepositions (kata depan)
Objek (apa yang datang setelah) preposition (kata depan) HARUS berbentuk kata benda
ataupun pronoun (kata ganti). Contoh dari preposition yaitu in, at, of, to, by, on, behind, dan
lain-lain. Silahkan lihat kamus untuk mengetahui bentuk preposition.
Contoh:
After his exams Tom will take a trip by boat.
Pada kalimat di atas terdapat dua preposition: after dan by. Kata exam (kata benda)
merupakan objek daripreposition after, dan boat merupakan objek dari preposition by.
Objek dari preposition dapat membuat kebingungan di tes TOEFL

bagian structure/grammar. INGAT! Objek dari preposition bukanlah subjek dari kalimat.
Contoh:
With his friends _____ found the movie theater.
a) has
b) he
c) later
d) when
Ingat pelajaran pada skill 1 hal yang pertama di perhatikan dalam hal soal structure TOEFL
yaitu mencari subjek dan kata kerja (verb). Pada kalimat di atas terdapat kata kerja (found).
Sementara subjek tidak terdapat. Olehnya yang kita perlukan dalam pilihan jawaban yaitu
subjek. Kata friend dalam kalimat di atas bukanlah subjek dari kalimat karena friend adalah
objek dari preposition with. Dari ke empat pilihan di atas hanya pilihan b) he yang bisa
dijadikan sebagai subjek. Olehnya jawaban dari kalimat di atas yaitu b) he. Has (verb), later
(adverb), dan when (conjunction).
Contoh lain:
 The interviews by radio broadcaster were carried live by the station.
 At the neighborhood flower shop, flowers in quantities of a dozen or a half dozen can
be delivered for free.
 The progressive reading methods at this school are given credit for the improved
test scores.
Kata yang di blok yaitu subjek dan kata kerja (verb). Yang di miringkan dan di garis bawahi
merupakan preposition dan objeknya.
Belajar STUCTURE / GRAMMAR TOEFL 3

Skill 3: Perhatikan penggunaan dan posisi Appositive
Appositive dapat menjadi pengecoh dalam mengetahui subjek pada sebuah kalimat dalam
tes TOEFL bagian structure. Appositive merupakan sebuah kata benda yang datang setelah
kata benda lainnya yang mempunyai arti sama.
Sally, the best student in the class, got an A on the exam.
Pada contoh di atas Sally merupakan subjek dari kalimat dan the best student in the
class dapat dikenali dengan mudah sebagai appositive karena terdapat koma yang
memisahkan. The best student in the class itu merupakan Sally juga, jadi ke duanya sama
saja.
Contoh 1 (yang dapat mengecoh dalam tes TOEFL)

_____, George, is attending the lecture.
a) Right now
b) Happily
c) Because of the time
d) My friend
Penggunaan koma di atas memberitahu kita bahwa George bukanlah merupakan subjek dari
kalimat. George merupakan appositive. Olehnya jawaban yang kita butuhkan yaitu sebuah
subjek untuk melengkapi kalimat di atas. Right now (adverb), happily (adverb), dan because
of the time (adverb) tidaklah bisa menjadi subjek. Jadi jawaban yang paling tepat yaitu
bagian d) My friend.
Contoh 2
_____, Sarah rarely misses her basketball shots.
a) An excellent basketball player
b) An excellent basket player is
c) Sarah is an excellent basket player
d) Her excellent basket player
Pada kata Sarah tidak terdapat koma setelahnya. Ini menandakan bahwa Sarah merupakan
subjek dari kalimat. Kalimat ini juga menjadi contoh bahwa posisi appositive tidak selalu
terletak setelah subjek kalimat. Jadi yang kita butuhkan dalam kalimat diatas yaitu
sebuah appositive yang sama dengan Sarah. Pada jawaban b) dan c) terdapat kata
keja is sehingga bukanlah bentuk appositive. Pada jawaban d) merupakan
bentuk appositive hanya saja play (permainan) bukanlah appositive untuk Sarah (player).
Jadi jawaban yang benar yaitu a) An excellent basketball player.
Contoh soal:
1. The son of the previous owner, the new owner is undertaking some fairly
broad changes in management policy.
2. Last semester, a friend, graduated cum laude from the university.
3. Valentine's Day, February 14, is a special holiday for sweethearts.
4. At long last, the chief executive officer, has dicided to step down.
5. Tonight's supper, leftovers from last night, did not taste any better tonight
than last night.
6. The only entrance to the closet, the door was kept locked at all times.
7. In the cold of winter, a wall heating unit, would not turn on.
8. The new tile pattern, yellow flowers on a white background, really brightens
up the room.
9. The high-powered computer the most powerful machine of its type, was
finally readied for use.
10. A longtime friend and confident, the psycologist was often invited over
for Sunday dinner.
Ket:
Yang diblok merupakan subjek.
Yang diblok dan digaris bawahi merupakan verb (kata kerja).
Yang dimiringkan merupakan appositive.
Pada kalimat 1, 3, 5, 6, 8, dan 10 merupakan bentuk kalimat yang benar (sudah terdapat
subjek dan verb) beserta penempatan appositive dari subjeknya telah benar.
Pada kalimat 2, 4, 7 tidak terdapat subjek sehingga dibutuhkan subjek untuk membenarkan
kalimat tersebut.
Sementara kalimat 9 terdapat subjek, verb, dan appositive. Hanya saja tidak terdapat koma
setelah subjeknya (computer).

Skill 4: Perhatikan penggunaan dan posisi Present Participle
Present participle yaitu Verb + ing: talking, playing, watching,dll. Bentuk present
participle dapat menjadi pengecoh dalam soal tes Structure TOEFL. Present participle bisa
saja menjadi adjective (kata sifat) yang umunya menjelaskan subjek
layaknya Appositive (lihat di sini mengenai appositive) atau menjadi bagian dari kata keja
(verb) ketika di dahului oleh be (am, is, are, was, were).
1. The man is talking to his friend.
2. The man talking to his friend has a beard.
Pada kalimat pertama bentuk present participle talking merupakan bagian dari kata kerja
karena di dahului oleh be (is). Sementara no. 2 present participle talking merupakan
sebuah adjective (menjelaskan mengenai laki-laki itu) dan bukan sebagai bagian dari kata
kerja karena tidak di dahului oleh be seperti kalimat pertama. Kata kerja dari kalimat ke dua
yaitu has (the man has a beard).
Contoh kalimat di bawah ini menggambarkan bagaimana present participle dapat menjadi
pengecoh dalam test Structure TOEFL.
Contoh
The child _____ playing in the yard is my son.
a) now
b) is
c) he
d) was
Pada kalimat di atas kita bisa melihat bahwa kalimat tersebut sudah mempunyai subjek (the
child) dan verb (is). Jadi kata present participle playing merupakan
sebuah adjective sehingga tidak butuh be sebelumnya. Olehnya jawaban b) is dan d)
was tidak dibutuhkan oleh kalimat di atas (jawaban salah). Kalimat di atas sudah sempurna
karena sudah mempunyai subjek dan verb sehingga tidak butuh lagi kata kerja (is/was) atau
subjek (he) sehingga c) he juga salah. Jadi jawaban paling tepat yaitu a) now (adverb).
Contoh soal:
1. The companies offering the lowest prices will have the most customers.
2. Those travelers are completing their trip on Delta should report to Gate
Three.
3. The artisans were demonstrating various handicrafts at booths throughout
the fair.
4. The fraternities are giving the wildest parties attract the most new pledges.
5. The first team winning four games is awarded the championship.
6. The speaker was trying to make his point was often interrupted vociferously.
7. The fruits were rotting because of the moisture in the crates carrying them
to market.
8. Any students desiring official transcripts should complete the appropriate
form.
9. The advertisements were announcing the half-day sale received a lot of
attention.
10. The spices flavoring the meal were quite distinctive.
Ket:
Yang dimiringkan merupakan (seharusnya) present participle.
Pada kalimat 1, 3, 5, 7, 8, dan 10 merupakan bentuk kalimat yang benar (sudah terdapat
subjek dan verb) besertapenggunaan present participle telah benar.
Pada kalimat 2, 4, 6, 9 merupkan bentuk kalimat salah karena mempunyai double verb.
Seharusnya
1. The companies offering the lowest prices will have the most customers.
2. Those travelers are completing their trip on Delta should report to Gate
Three.
3. The artisans were demonstrating various handicrafts at booths throughout
the fair.
4. The fraternities are giving the wildest parties attract the most new pledges.
5. The first team winning four games is awarded the championship.
6. The speaker was trying to make his point was often interrupted vociferously.
7. The fruits were rotting because of the moisture in the crates carrying them
to market.
8. Any students desiring official transcripts should complete the appropriate
form.
9. The advertisements were announcing the half-day sale received a lot of
attention.
10. The spices flavoring the meal were quite distinctive.

Skill 5: Perhatikan penggunaan dan posisi Past Participle
Penggunaan dan posisi Past Participle mirip dengan present participle yang telah di bahas
kemarin (lihat di sini). Bedanya Past Participle berbentuk passive voice (di ...).
Past participle yaitu Verb III: purchased, written, taught,dll. Bentuk present participle dapat
menjadi pengecoh dalam soal tes Structure TOEFL. Past participle bisa saja
menjadi adjective (kata sifat) yang umunya menjelaskan subjek layaknya Appositive (lihat di
sini mengenai appositive) atau menjadi bagian dari kata keja (verb) ketika di dahului oleh be
(am, is, are, was, were) dan have (have, has, had)
 The family has purchased a television.
 The poem was written by Paul.
Pada kalimat pertama bentuk past participle 'purchased' merupakan bagian dari kata kerja
karena di dahului oleh have (has). Sementara no. 2 past participle 'written' juga merupakan
bagian dari kata kerja karena di dahului oleh be (was).
 The television purchased yesterday was expensive.
 The poem written by Paul appeared in the magazine.
Kedua bentuk past participle di atas (purchased dan written) tidak diikuti oleh be atau
pun have maka ke duanya merupakan bentuk adjective yang menjelaskan masing-masing
subjek dari kalimat (television dan poem).
Contoh kalimat di bawah ini menggambarkan bagaimana past participle dapat menjadi
pengecoh dalam test Structure TOEFL.
Contoh
The packages _____ mailed at the post office will arrive Monday.
a) have
b) were
c) them
d) just
Jika di lihat sekilas atau hanya awal kalimatnya saja bisa-bisa kita terkecoh dengan
menganggap mailed itu sebagai verb dari kalimat padahal kalau kita lihat kalimatnya
selengkapnya maka kita lihat ada verb di sana yaitu will arrive. Jadi dapat kita ketahui
bahwa mailed itu bukanlah bagian dari verb melainkan sebagai adjective. Olehnya
jawaban a) havedan d) were tidak dibutuhkan oleh mailed -yang berfungsi sebagai adjective.
Jawaban c) them (objek tidaklah dibutuhkan. Jadi jawaban paling tepat yaitu d) just
(adverb).
Contoh soal:
1. The money was offered by the client was not accepted.
2. The car listed in the advertisement had already stalled.
3. The chapters were taught by the professor this morning will be on next
week’s exam.
4. The loaves of bread were baked in a brick oven at a low temperature for
many hours.
5. The ports were reached by the sailors were under the control of a foreign
nation.
6. Those suspected in the string of robberies were arrested by police.
7. The pizza is served in this restaurant is the tastiest in the country.
8. The courses are listed on the second page of the brochure have several
prerequisites.
9. All the tenants were invited to the Independence Day barbecue at the
apartment complex.
10. Any bills paid by the first of the month will be credited to your account by
the next day.
Ket:
Yang dimiringkan merupakan (seharusnya) past participle.
Pada kalimat 2, 4, 6, 9, dan 10 merupakan bentuk kalimat yang benar (sudah terdapat
subjek dan verb) besertapenggunaan past participle telah benar.
Pada kalimat 1, 3, 5, 7, 8 merupkan bentuk kalimat salah karena mempunyai double verb.
Seharusnya
1. The money was offered by the client was not accepted.
2. The car listed in the advertisement had already stalled.
3. The chapters were taught by the professor this morning will be on next
week’s exam.
4. The loaves of bread were baked in a brick oven at a low temperature for
many hours.
5. The ports were reached by the sailors were under the control of a foreign
nation.
6. Those suspected in the string of robberies were arrested by police.
7. The pizza is served in this restaurant is the tastiest in the country.
8. The courses are listed on the second page of the brochure have several
prerequisites.
9. All the tenants were invited to the Independence Day barbecue at the
apartment complex.
10. Any bills paid by the first of the month will be credited to your account by
the next day.

Skill 6: Gunakan kata penghubung coordinate connector dengan betul
Banyak kalimat dalam bahasa Inggris mempunyai lebih dari 1 klausa (clause):
 I am learning.
 Mom is cooking, and dad is working in the garden.
 The girl who is looking at me is my neighbour.
Kalimat pertama cuma mempunyai 1 klausa sementara kedua kalimat terakhir mempunyai 2
klausa yang pertama 'mom is cooking' dan 'dad is working in the garden.' Yang ke dua 'the
girl is my neighbor' dan 'who is looking at me.' Dari contoh di atas dapat kita simpulkan
bahwa klausa merupakan bagian dari kalimat atau kalimat itu sendiri yang mempunyai satu
subjek dan satu verb. Umumnya diartikan bahwa klausa itu merupakan sekumpulan kata
yang berisi sebuah subjek dan sebuah verb.
Pada skill ini akan dipelajari mengenai bentuk-bentuk kata penghubung coordinate
connector serta penggunaannya dalam kalimat. Coordinate connector digunakan untuk
menghubungkan antara satu klausa dengan klausa yang lain. Contoh coordinate
connector yang umum yaitu: and, but, or, so, yet (tapi). Perhatikan penggunaan koma
sebelumnya.
 Tom is singing, and Paul is dancing.
 Tom is tall, but Paul is short.
 Tom must write the letter, or Paul will do it.
 Tom told a joke, so Paul laughed.
 Tom is tired, yet he is not going to sleep.
Contoh di bawah ini menggambarkan bagaimana coordinate connector dijadikan sebagai
soal dalam test Structure TOEFL.
Contoh
A power failure occured, _____ the lamps went out.
a) then
b) so
c) later
d) next
Dari kalimat di atas dapat kita ketahui bahwa kalimat tersebut mempunyai dua klausa 'a
power failure occured' dan 'the lamps went out'. Jadi kalimat tersebut butuh
sebuah coordinate connector untuk menghubungkan ke dua klausa tersebut. Dari pilihan
jawaban yang ada hanya 1 bentuk connector yaitu so. Jadi jawaban paling tepat yaitu b) so.
Contoh soal:
1. The software should be used on an IBM computer, and this computer is an
IBM.
2. The rain clouds can be seen in the distance, but no has fallen.
3. They are trying to sell their home, it has been on the market for two months.
4. So the quality of the print was not good, I changed the typewriter ribbon.
5. The lifeguard will warn you about the riptides, or she may require you to get
out of the water.
6. You should have finished the work yesterday, yet is not close to being
finished.
7. The phone rang again and again, so the receptionist was not able to get
much work done. (Correct)
8. The missing wallet was found, but the cash and credit cards had been
removed.
9. Or you can drive your car for another 2, 0000 miles, you can get it fixed.
10. The chemist was awarded the Nobel Prize, he flew to Europe to accept it.
Ket:.
Yang dimiringkan merupakan coordinate coordinator.
Pada kalimat 1, 5, 7, dan 8 merupakan bentuk kalimat yang benar (sudah terdapat subjek
dan verb) beserta penggunaan coordinate coordinator telah benar.
Pada kalimat 2 dan 6 kehilangan subjek. No. 3 dan 10 kehilangan connector. No. 4 dan 9
juga salah karena salah penempatan connector. Sementara no.
1. The software should be used on an IBM computer, and this computer is an
IBM.
2. The rain clouds can be seen in the distance, but no no rain has fallen.
3. They are trying to sell their home, and it has been on the market for two
months.
4. So The quality of the print was not good, so I changed the typewriter ribbon.
5. The lifeguard will warn you about the riptides, or she may require you to get
out of the water.
6. You should have finished the work yesterday, yet it is not close to being
finished.
7. The phone rang again and again, so the receptionist was not able to get
much work done. (Correct)
8. The missing wallet was found, but the cash and credit cards had been
removed.
9. Or You can drive your car for another 2, 0000 miles, you can get it fixed.
10. The chemist was awarded the Nobel Prize, so he flew to Europe to accept it.
Belajar Structure / Grammar TOEFL 7

Skill 7: Gunakan kata penghubung keterangan waktu (Adverb Time Connector) dan kata
penghubung Penyebab (Cause Connector) dengan betul
Kalimat yang menggunakan klausa dari klausa keterangan waktu mempunyai 2 pola dasar:
 I will sign the check before you live.
 Before you live, I will sign the check.
Tiap contoh di atas, terdapat 2 klausa: you live dan I will sign the check. Dari ke dua klausa
tersebut klausa keterangan waktu (adverb time clause) nya yaitu you live karena didahului
oleh kata penghubung keterangan waktu (adverb time connector) before. Perhatikan
penggunaan komanya ketika adverb time connector berada di depan kalimat.
Contoh di bawah ini menggambarkan bagaimana pola kalimat ini dijadikan sebagai soal
dalam test Structure TOEFL.
Contoh
_____ was late, I missed the appointment.
a) I
b) Because
c) The train
d) Since he
Dari kalimat di atas dapat kita ketahui bahwa kalimat tersebut mempunyai kata
kerja was yang membutuhkan subjek. Juga terdapat klausa yang lain I missed the
appointment. Jika memilih jawaban a) I atau c) The trainmaka jawaban Anda tidak tepat
karena hanya menyediakan subjek untuk kata kerja was sementara connector untuk ke dua
klausa tersebut Anda abaikan. Untuk jawaban b) because hanya menyediakan connector jadi
juga jawaban yang tidak tepat. Jawaban paling memungkinkan yaitu d) Since he (karena dia).
He sebagai subjek dari verb was: he was late dan since sebagai connector menghubungkan
dua klausa he was late dan I miss the appointment.
Diagram untuk daftar kata penghubung adverb time dan cause:
ADVERB TIME AND CAUSE CONNECTORS

TIME CAUSE
After as soon as once when As now that
As before since Because since
whenever Inasmuch as
As long as by the time until
while
Contoh soal:
1. Since the bank closes in less than an hour, the deposits need to be tallied
immediately.
2. Their backgrounds are thoroughly investigated before are admitted to the
organization.
3. The citizens are becoming more and more incensed about traffic
accidents whenever the accidents occurat that intersection.
4. The ground had been prepared, the seedlings were carefully planted.
5. We can start the conference now that all the participants have arrived.
6. The building quite vulnerable to damage until the storm windows are
installed.
7. Once the address label for the package is typed, can be sent to the mail
room.
8. Because the recent change in work shifts was not posted,
several workers missed their shifts.
9. The mother is going to be quite upset with her son as long he misbehaves so
much
10. Inasmuch as all the votes have not yet been counted the outcome of the
election cannot be announced.
Ket:.
Yang dimiringkan merupakan adverb time atau cause coordinator.
Pada kalimat 1, 3, 5, 8, dan 9 merupakan bentuk kalimat yang benar (sudah terdapat subjek
dan verb) beserta penggunaan adverb time atau cause coordinator telah benar.
Pada kalimat 2, 4, 5, 7, dan 10 mempunyai kesalahan masing-masing. No. 2 dan 7
kehilangan subjek. No. 4 juga salah karena tidak terdapat connector. No. 6 kehilangan verb.
No. 10 kehilangan koma. Inasmuch (karena) merupakan adverb time connector.
Seharusnya:
1. Since the bank closes in less than an hour, the deposits need to be tallied
immediately.
2. Their backgrounds are thoroughly investigated before they are admitted to
the organization.
3. The citizens are becoming more and more incensed about traffic
accidents whenever the accidents occurat that intersection.
4. After Tthe ground had been prepared, the seedlings were carefully planted.
5. We can start the conference now that all the participants have arrived.
6. The building is quite vulnerable to damage until the storm windows are
installed.
7. Once the address label for the package is typed, it can be sent to the mail
room.
8. Because the recent change in work shifts was not posted,
several workers missed their shifts.
9. The mother is going to be quite upset with her son as long he misbehaves so
much
10. Inasmuch as all the votes have not yet been counted, the outcome of the
election cannot be announced.

Skill 8: Gunakan kata penghubung keterangan yang lain (Other Adverb Connectors)
dengan betul
OTHER ADVERB CONNECTORS
Condition (pengandaian) Contrast (berlawanan) Manner (cara) Place
If (jika) Although (walaupun) As Where
In case (if) Even though (although) In that Wherever (di
Provided (if) Though (although) manapun)
Providing (if) While
Unless (kecuali jika) (walaupun/sedangkan/tapi)
Whether Whereas (while)
Contoh:
Bob Went to school even though he felt sick.
Even though Bob felt sick, he went to school.
Catatan:
 Perhatikan penggunaan komanya ketika connector di awal kalimat.
 Perhatikan subjek (kata yang diblok) dan verb (kata yang diblok dan digaris bawahi)
di setiap klausa
Kecuali: While atau whereas selalu menggunakan koma

The Smith family arrived at 2.00, while the Jones family arrived an hour later.
Mary is rich, while John is poor.
While John is poor, Mary is rich.
Whereas John is poor, Mary is rich.
Contoh
You will get a good grade on the exam provided _____.
a) studying
b) study
c) to study
d) you study
Dari kalimat di atas dapat kita ketahui bahwa kalimat adverb connector nya
yaitu provided yang berada di tengah kalimat. Maka yang kita butuhkan yaitu satu klausa
yang lain. Ingat bahwa klausa merupakan kumpulan kalimat yang mempunyai satu
kombinasi subjek dan verb. Dari pilihan yang ada hanya pilihan bagian jawaban d) yang
mempunyai subjek dan verb. Olehnya pilihan yang tepat yaitu d) you study.
Contoh soal:
1. It is impossible to enter that program if you lack experience as a teacher
2. The commandant left strict orders about the passes, several soldiers left the
post anyway.
3. No one is admitted to the academy unless he or she the education
requirements.
4. While most students turned the assignment in on time, a few asked for an
extension.
5. I will take you wherever need to go to complete the registration procedures.
6. I will wait here in the airport with you whether the plane leaves on time or
not.
7. Providing the employee is postmarked by this Friday, your application still
acceptable.
8. As the nurse already explained all visitors must leave the hospital room now
9. This exam will be more difficult than usual in that it covers two chapters
instead of one
10. Though snow had been falling all day long, everyone got to the church on
time for the wedding
Ket:.
Yang dimiringkan merupakan adverb Connector.
subjek dan verb) beserta penggunaan adverb connector telah benar.
Pada kalimat 2, 3, 5, 7, dan 8 mempunyai kesalahan masing-masing. No. 2
kehilangan connector. No. 3 dan 7 juga salah karena tidak terdapat verb. No. 5 kehilangan
subjek. No. 8 kehilangan koma.
Seharusnya:
1. It is impossible to enter that program if you lack experience as a teacher
2. Though Tthe commandant left strict orders about the passes,
several soldiers left the post anyway.
3. No one is admitted to the academy unless he or she meets the education
requirements.
4. While most students turned the assignment in on time, a few asked for an
extension.
5. I will take you wherever you need to go to complete the registration
procedures.
6. I will wait here in the airport with you whether the plane leaves on time or
not.
7. Providing the employee is postmarked by this Friday, your application is still
acceptable.
8. As the nurse already explained, all visitors must leave the hospital room now
9. This exam will be more difficult than usual in that it covers two chapters
instead of one
10. Though snow had been falling all day long, everyone got to the church on
time for the wedding

Skill 9: Gunakan kata penghubung Noun Clause (Noun Clause Connectors) dengan betul
NOUN CLAUSE CONNECTORS
what, when, where, why, how whatever, whenever
whether (apakah), if (apakah) that (bahwa / sering tidak diartikan)
Contoh:
I know what you did
I: Subjek
V:Verb
What: Noun Connector
You: Subjek
Did (mengerjakan): Verb
Contoh diatas dapat kita ketahui bahwa Noun Clause (what you did) berfungsi sebagai objek
kalimat.
Contoh:
What you did was wrong
What: noun connector
you: subjek
did: verb
was: verb
Contoh diatas dapat kita ketahui bahwa Noun Clause (what you did) berfungsi sebagai
subjek kalimat.
Noun clause merupakan sebuah bentuk clause (klausa) yang berfungsi sebagai
sebuah noun (kata benda) yang berarti bisa menduduki kedudukan noun yaitu: sebagai
subjek atau objek kata kerja atau objek dari preposition (kata depan).
1. I know when he will arrive. (noun clause sebagai objek dari verb)
2. I am concerned about when he will arrive. (noun clause sebagai objek
dari preposition)
3. When he will arrive is not important. (noun clause sebagai subjek kalimat)
Pada contoh kalimat pertama, terdapat dua klausa, I know dan he will arrive. Ke dua klausa
ini dihubungkan oleh connector (kata penghubung) when. When mengubah klausa he will
arrive menjadi sebuah noun clause yang berfungsi sebagai objek dari kata kerja know.
Pada Contoh ke dua, ke dua klausa I know dan he will arrive yang dihubungkan
oleh connector (kata penghubung) when. When mengubah klausa he will arrive menjadi
sebuah noun clause yang berfungsi sebagai objek dari preposition about.
Pada contoh ke tiga lebih sulit. Pada contoh kalimat ini, terdapat dua klausa, tapi agak susah
untuk dikenali. He will arrive merupakan subjek dari kalimat.Perhatikan:
When he will arrive is not important.

When he will arrive (subjek)
When: connector
he: subjek
will arrive: verb dari klausa he will arrive
is: verb dari kalimat
Contoh
_______ was late cused many problems.
a) That he
b) The driver
c) There
d) Because
Dapat segera diketahui bahwa kalimat di atas mempunyai 2 verb (was dan caused) dan
setiap verb butuh subjek. Sementara dari kalimat di atas tidak nampak satupun subjek. Jadi
kita butuh 2 subjek. Jawaban d) Because jelas salah karena bukan subjek. c) dan b) hanya
punya 1 subjek. Jadi pilihan jawaban paling tepat yaitu: a) That he. He merupakan subjek
dari was. Sementara that menjadi connector yang mejadikan status he was late menajadi
subjek dari verb caused. Perhatikan:
 He was late.
 It caused many problems.
 That he was late caused many problems. (kenyataan bahwa dia terlambat
menyebabakan banayk masalah)
Contoh soal:
1. When the season starts is determined by the weather.
2. The manual how the device should be built.
3. The schedule indicated if the teams would be playing in the final game.
4. He refused to enter a plea could not be determined by the lawyer
5. Talked about where we should go for lunch
6. Why the condition of the patient deteriorated so rapidly it was not
explained.
7. Whether or not the new office would be built was to be determined at the
meeting
8. That the professor has not yet decided when the paper is due.
9. The contract will be awarded is the question to be answered at the meeting
10. He always talked with whomever he pleased and did whatever he wanted.
Ket:.
Yang dimiringkan merupakan Noun Clause Connector.
Yang berlatar hijau merupakan noun clause.
Pada kalimat 1, 3, 7, dan 10 merupakan bentuk kalimat yang benar (sudah terdapat subjek
dan verb) beserta penggunaan noun clause connector telah benar.
Pada kalimat 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9 mempunyai kesalahan masing-masing. No. 2 dan 8 kehilangan
verb. No. 4 dan 9 juga salah karena tidak terdapat connector . No. 5 kehilangan subjek. No. 5
kehilangan subjek. No. 6 kelebihan subjek..
Seharusnya:
1. When the season starts is determined by the weather.
2. The manual describe how the device should be built.
3. The schedule indicated if the teams would be playing in the final game.
4. Why Hhe refused to enter a plea could not be determined by the lawyer
5. We Ttalked about where we should go for lunch.
6. Why the condition of the patient deteriorated so rapidly it was not
explained.
7. Whether or not the new office would be built was to be determined at the
meeting.
8. That the professor has not yet decided when the paper is due is certain.
9. When Tthe contract will be awarded is the question to be answered at the
meeting.
10. He always talked with whomever he pleased and did whatever he wanted.

Skill 10: Gunakan kata penghubung Noun Clause yang berfungsi sekaligus sebagai subjek
(Noun Clause Connectors/Subjects) dengan betul
NOUN CLAUSE CONNECTORS/SUBJECTS
Who what which

Whoever whatever whichever
S V noun connector/subject V
I know what happened
Contoh diatas dapat kita ketahui bahwa 'what' tidak hanya berfungsi sebagai connector saja
tapi juga sekaligus subjek dari noun clause 'what happened.'
Contoh:
noun connector/subject V V
What happened was great
Contoh diatas dapat kita ketahui bahwa 'what' tidak hanya berfungsi sebagai connector saja
tapi juga sekaligus subjek dari noun clause 'what happened.' Dan 'what happened' berfungsi
menjadi subjek dari kalimat What happened was great.
Pada skill sebelumnya (skill 9), kita pelajari bahwa noun clause connector berfungsi
sebagai connector (kata penghubung). Dalam skill 10 ini kita akan mempelajari bahwa noun
clause sonnector (kata penghubung noun clause) tidak hanya berfungsi
sebagai connector tapi juga dapat sekaligus menjadi subjek dari noun klausa.
1. I do not know what is in the box.
2. We are concerned about who will do the work.
3. Whoever is coming to the party must bring a gift.
Pada contoh kalimat pertama, terdapat dua klausa, I do not know dan what is in the box. Ke
dua klausa ini dihubungkan oleh connector (kata penghubung) what. Perlu diketahui dalam
kalimat ini connector 'what' mempunyai 2 peran: sebagai subjek dari kata kerja 'is' juga
sebagai connector yang menghubungkan ke 2 klausa.
Pada Contoh ke dua, terdapat dua klausa . Pada klausa pertama, we merupakan subjek dari
are. Pada klausa ke 2, who merupakan subjek dari will do. Who juga berfungsi sebagai
connector yang menghubungkan antara ke dua klausa tersebut. Noun clause who will do the
work berfungsi sebagai objek dari preposition about.
Pada contoh ke tiga, Juga terdapat dua klausa: whoever sebagai subjek dari is
coming. Whoever is coming to the party merupakan subjek dari must bring. Kata connector
'whoever' berfungsi sebagai subjek dari kata kerja is coming dan juga
sebagai connector yang menghubungkan ke dua klausa tersebut.
Contoh
____ was on television made me angry

A. It
B. The story
C. What
D. When
Dapat segera diketahui bahwa kalimat di atas mempunyai 2 verb (was dan made) dan
setiap verb butuh subjek. Jawaban A dan B karena subjek 'It' dan 'the story' tidak bisa
menjadi subjek dari 2 verb (was dan made) sekaligus. Jawaban D jelas salah
karena when bukanlah sebuah subjek. Pada jawaban C kata what berfungsi sebagai subjek
dari was dan juga sebagai connector ke dua klausa di atas.; noun clause 'what was on
television' merupakan subjek dari verb 'made.' Olehnya jawaban terbaik yaitu C. What.
Contoh soal:
1. The game show contestant was able to respond to whatever was asked.
2. You should find out which the best physics department.
3. The employee was unhappy about what was added to his job description.
4. Whoever wants to take the desert tour during spring break signing up at the
office.
5. The motorist was unable to discover who he had struck his car.
6. The voters should elect whichever of the candidates seems best to them.
7. It was difficult to distinguish what was on sale and what was merely on
display.
8. You should buy whatever the cheapest and most durable.
9. What was written in the letter angered him beyond belief.
10. You can spend your time with whoever important to you.
Ket:.
Yang di blok dan dimiringkan merupakan Noun Clause Connector sekaligus sebagai subjek
dari noun clause(warna hijau).
Yang berlatar hijau merupakan noun clause.
Pada kalimat 1, 3, 6, 7, dan 9 merupakan bentuk kalimat yang benar (sudah terdapat subjek
dan verb) beserta penggunaan noun clause connector/subject telah benar.
Pada kalimat 2, 4, 5, 8, 10 mempunyai kesalahan masing-masing. No. 2, 4, 8, dan 10
kehilangan verb. No. 5 kelebihan subjek.
Seharusnya:
1. The game show contestant was able to respond to whatever was asked.
2. You should find out which is the best physics department.
3. The employee was unhappy about what was added to his job description.
4. Whoever wants to take the desert tour during spring break must signing up
at the office.
5. The motorist was unable to discover who he had struck his car.
6. The voters should elect whichever of the candidates seems best to them.
7. It was difficult to distinguish what was on sale and what was merely on
display.
8. You should buy whatever is the cheapest and most durable.
9. What was written in the letter angered him beyond belief.
10. You can spend your time with whoever is important to you.

Skill 11: Gunakan kata penghubung Adjective Clause yang berfungsi sekaligus sebagai
subjek (Adjective Clause Connectors) dengan betul
ADJECTIVE CLAUSE CONNECTORS
which that
(for things) (for people or things)
whom
(for people)
S V adjective connector S V
I liked the book which you recommmend.
S adjective connector S V
The book which you recommended was
interesting.
Note:
Adjective connectors bisa dihilangkan (omitted). Penghilangan ini sangat umum
dalam speaking tapi tidak seumum dalam formal English seperti juga dalam tes Structure
TOEFL.
Adjective clause merupakan klausa yang berfungsi seperti adjective (kata sifat) yaitu
'menggambarkan kata benda (noun).' Hanya saja posisinya tidak persis sama. Kalau kata
sifat (adjective) normalnya sebelum noun yang dideskripsikan, sementara adjective
clause berada setelah noun nya.
1. The woman is filling the glass that she put on the table.
2. The glass that she put on the table contains milk.
Pada contoh kalimat pertama, terdapat dua klausa:, woman merupakan subjek dari kata
kerja is filling, dan she merupakan subjek dari kata kerja 'put'. That merupakan kata
penghubung adjective clause (adjective clause connector) yang menghubungkan ke dua
klausa di atas, dan adjective clause 'that she put on the table' menjelaskan /
mendeskripsikan kata benda glass.
Pada Contoh ke dua, juga terdapat dua klausa . Kata 'glass' merupakan subjek
dari verb 'contains' dan she merupakan subjek dari verb 'put.' That merupakan kata
penghubung adjective clause (adjective clause connector). Adjective clause 'that she put on
the table' menggambarkan noun 'glas.'
Contoh
The gift ______ selected for the bride was rather expensive.
A. because
B. was
C. since
D. which we
Dapat segera diketahui bahwa kalimat di atas mempunyai 2 clause: gift merupakan subjek
dari kata kerja was, dan kata kerja 'selected' membutuhkan sebuah subjek. Karena ada dua
2 klausa maka dibutuhkan sebuah connector. Jawaban A dan C terdapat connector tapi tidak
ada subjek. Jadi, bukan jawaban tepat. Jawaban B mengubah selected menjadi passsive. Jika
memilih jawaban ini maka subjek 'gift' akan mempunyai dua subjek: was
selected dan was. Jawaban ini tidak benar karena terdapat dua verb tapi tidak
ada connector untuk menyambung ke duanya. Dari segi makna sangat jelas salahnya. Jadi
jawaban yang benar yaitu D. The gift which we selected for the bride was rather expensive.
Contoh soal:
1. It is important to fill out the form in the way that you have been instructed.
2. The car which I have been driving for five years for sale at a really good price
3. I just finished reading the novel whom the professor suggested for my book
report.
4. The plane that he was scheduled to take to Hawaii was delayed.
5. The movie which we watched on cable last night it was really frightening.
6. I made an appointment with the doctor whom you recommended.
7. The enthusiasm with which he greeted me made me feel welcome.
8. The story that you told me about Bob.
9. The men with whom were having the discussion did not seem very friendly.
10. I’m not really sure about taking part in the plans that we made last night.
Ket:.
Yang dimiringkan merupakan Adjective Clause Connector.
Yang berlatar hijau merupakan adjective clause.
subjek dan verb) beserta penggunaan adjective clause connector telah benar.
Pada kalimat 2, 3, 5, 8, 9 mempunyai kesalahan masing-masing. No. 2 dan 8

kehilangan verb. No. 5dan 9 kelebihan subjek. No 5 kelebihan subjek.
Seharusnya:
1. It is important to fill out the form in the way that you have been instructed.
2. The car which I have been driving for five years is for sale at a really good
price
3. I just finished reading the novel whom which the professor suggested for my
book report.
4. The plane that he was scheduled to take to Hawaii was delayed.
5. The movie which we watched on cable last night it was really frightening.
6. I made an appointment with the doctor whom you recommended.
7. The enthusiasm with which he greeted me made me feel welcome.
8. The story that you told me about Bob was funny.
9. The men with whom we were having the discussion did not seem very
friendly.
10. I’m not really sure about taking part in the plans that we made last night.
Latihan STRUCTURE / TOEFL skill 1-5

Kemarin sudah dipelajari 5 skill:
Skill 1: Pastikan kalimat itu mempunyai sebuah subjek dan kata kerja (Verb)
Skill 2: Perhatikan objek dari prepositions (kata depan)
Skill 3: Perhatikan penggunaan dan posisi Appositive
Skill 4: Perhatikan penggunaan dan posisi Present Participle
Skill 5: Perhatikan penggunaan dan posisi Past Participle
Pada postingan kali ini berupa latihan (exercise) untuk mengukur sebagaimana pemahaman
terhadap ke 5 skill yang telah dipeljari di atas.
Latihan untuk skill 1-5.
Silahkan diblok untuk subjek dan diblok serta digaris bawahai yang merupakan verb (kata
kerja). Kemudian tentukan mana kalimat yang salah dan mana kalimat yang benar.
1. For three weeks at the beginning of the semester students with fewer than
the maximum number of units can add additional courses.
2. On her lunch hour went to a nearby department store to purchase a wedding
gift.
3. The fir trees were grown for the holiday season were harvested in November.
4. In the grove the overripe oranges were falling on the ground.
5. The papers being delivered at 4:00 will contain the announcement of the
president’s resignation.
6. A specialty shop with various blends form around the world in the shopping
mall.
7. The portraits exhibited in the Houston Museum last month are now on
display in Dallas.
8. With a sudden jerk of his hand threw the ball across the field to one of the
other players.
9. Construction of the housing development it will be underway by the first of
the month.
10. Those applicants returning their completed forms at the earliest date have
the highest priority.
Latihan TOEFL untuk skill 1-5.
Silahkan pilih jawaban yang paling tepat untuk melengkapi kalimat.
1. The North Plate River _______ from Wyoming into Nebraska
(A) it flowed
(B) flows
(C) flowing
(D) with flowing water
2. ________ Biloxi received its name from a Sioux word meaning "first peopke".
(A) The city of
(B) located in
(C) It is in
(D) The tour included
3. A pride of lions _______ up to forty lions, including one to three males, several females
and cubes.
(A) can contain
(B) it contains
(C) contain
(D) containing
4. __________ tea plant are small and white.
(A) The
(B) On the
(C) Having flowers the
(D) The flowers of
5. The tetracylines, __________ antibiotics, are used to treat infections.
(A) are a family of
(B) being a family of

(C) a family of
(D) their family is
6. Any possible academic assistance from taking stimulants _______ marginal at best.
(A) it is
(B) they is
(C) is
(D) as
7. Hendy Adams, born in Boston ________ famous as a historian and novelist.
(A) became
(B) and because
(C) he was
(D) and he became
8. The major cause __________ the pull of the Moon on the Earth.
(A) the ocean tides are
(B) of ocean tides is
(C) of the tides in the ocean
(D) the oceans' tides
9. Still a novely in the late nineteenth century, _________ limited to the rich
(A) was
(B) wa photography
(C) it was photography
(D) photography was

10. A computerized mpa of the freeways using information gathered by sensors embedded
in the pavement ______ on a local cable channed during rush hours.
(A) airs
(B) airing
(C) air
(D) to air
Kunci jawaban:
Latihan untuk skill 1-5:
1, 4, 5, 7, dan 10: Correct/benar. 2, 6, dan 8: Incorrect/salah (kehilangan subjek), 3: I

(Kelebihan verb), 9: I (kelebihan subjek)
Latihan TOEFL untuk skill 1-5:
B, A, A, D, C, C, A, B, D, A
Latihan STRUCTURE / TOEFL skill 6-8

Kemarin sudah dipelajari skill 6,7, dan 8:
Pada postingan kali ini berupa latihan (exercise) untuk mengukur sebagaimana pemahaman
terhadap ke skill 6-8 yang telah dipelajari sebelumnya.
Skill 6: Gunakan kata penghubung coordinate connector dengan betul
Skill 7: Gunakan kata penghubung keterangan waktu (Adverb Time Connector) dan kata
penghubung Penyebab (Cause Connector) dengan betul
Skill 8: Gunakan kata penghubung keterangan yang lain (Other Adverb Connectors) dengan
betul
Latihan untuk skill 6-8
Find out (temukan) terlebih dahulu yang mana subjek dan yang mana sebagai kata kerja
(verb). Kemudian tentukan mana kalimat yang salah dan mana kalimat yang benar.
1. Until the register makes a decision about your status, you must stay in an
unclasified category.
2. Or the bills can be paid by mail by the first of the month.
3. The parents left a phone number with the baby-sitter in case of a problem
with the children.
4. The furniture will be delivered as soon it is paid for.
5. Whenever you want to hold the meeting, we will schedule it.
6. The government was overthrown in a revolution, the king has not returned to
his homeland.
7. Whereas most of the documents are complete, this form still needs to be
notarized
8. Trash will be collected in the morning, so you should put the trash cans out
tonight.
9. It is impossible for the airplane to take off while is snowing so hard.
10. We did not go out to dinner even though I would have preferred not to cook.
Latihan TOEFL untuk skill 6-8.
Choose the best answer to complete the sentence (Silahkan pilih jawaban yang paling tepat
untuk melengkapi kalimat).
1. The president of the U.S. appoints the cabinet members, ______ appointments are
subject to Senate approval.
(A) their
(B) with their
(C) because their
(D) but their
2. The prisoners were prevented form speaking to reporters because ______
(A) not wanting the story in the papers.
(B) the story in the papers the superintendent did not want
(C) the public to hear the story
(D) the superintendent did not want the story in the papers
3 Like Thomas Berger’s fictional character Little Big Man, Lauderdale managed to find
himself where ______ of important events took place.
(A) it was an extraordinary number
(B) there was an extraordinary number
(C) an extraordinary number
(D) an extraordinary number existed
4. ______ sucked ground water form below, some parts of the city have begun to sink as
much as ten inches annually.
(A) Pumps have
(B) As pumps have
(C) So pumps have
(D) White pumps
5. Case studies are the target of much skepticism in the scientific community, ______ used
extensively by numerous researches.
(A) they are
(B) are
(C) yet they
(D) yet they are
6. According to the hypothesis in the study, the monarchs pick up the magnetic field of the
______ migrate by following magnetic fields.
(A) target monarchs
(B) target since monarchs
(C) target since monarchs are
(D) target
7. ______ show the relations among neurons, they do not preclude the possibility that other
aspects are important.
(A) Neural theories
(B) A neural theory

(C) Although neural theories
(D) However neural theories
8. ______ or refinanced, the lender will generally require setting up an escrow account to
ensure the payment of property taxes and home owner’s insurance.
(A) A home is
(B) A home is bought
(C) When a home
(D) When a home is bought
9. If ultraviolet radiation enters the Earth’s atmosphere, ______ generally blocked by the
ozone concentrated in the atmosphere.
(A) it
(B) it is
(C) so it is
(D) then it
10. Among human chromosomes, the Y chromosome is unusual ______ most of the
chromosome does not participate in meiotic recombination.
(A) in
(B) so
(C) and
(D) in that
Kunci jawaban:
Latihan untuk skill 1-5:
Correct: 1, 5, 7, & 8
Incorrect: 2 (unnecessary connector / konektor tak diperlukan), 3 (missing verb / gak ada
kata kerjanya), 4 (incorrect connector), 6 (missing connector), 9 (missing subject), & 10
(incorect connector).
Seharusnya:
1. Until the register makes a decision about your status, you must stay in an
unclasified category.
2. Or tThe bills can be paid by mail by the first of the month.
3. The parents left a phone number with the baby-sitter in case of a
problem occurred with the children.
4. The furniture will be delivered as soon as it is paid for.
5. Whenever you want to hold the meeting, we will schedule it.
6. The government was overthrown in a revolution, so the king has not
returned to his homeland.
7. Whereas most of the documents are complete, this form still needs to be
notarized
8. Trash will be collected in the morning, so you should put the trash cans out
tonight.
9. It is impossible for the airplane to take off while it is snowing so hard.
10. We did not go out to dinner eventhough even though I would have preferred
not to cook.
Latihan TOEFL untuk skill 1-5:
D, D, C, B, D, B, C, D, B, D
Contoh TOEFL Reading 1 (PBT)
Carbon tetrachloride is a colorless and inflammable liquid that can be produced by

combining carbon disulfide and chlorine. This compound is widely used in industry today
because of its effectiveness as a solvent as well as its use in the production of propellants.
Despite its widespread use in industry, carbon tetrachloride has been banned for home use.
In the past, carbon tetrachloride was a common ingredient in cleaning compounds that
were used throughout the home, but it was found to be dangerous: when heated, it
changes into a poisonous gas that can cause severe illness and even death if it is inhaled.
Because of this dangerous characteristic, the United States revoked permission for the
home use of carbon tetrachloride in 1970. The United States has taken similar action with
various other chemical compounds.
1. The main point of this passage is that

A. carbon tetrachloride can be very dangerous when it is heated
B. the government banned carbon tetrachloride in 1970
C. although carbon tetrachloride can legally be used in industry, it is not allowed in home
products.
D. carbon tetrachloride used to be a regular part of cleaning compounds
2. The word “widely” in line 2 could most easily be replaced by
A. grandly
B. extensively
C. largely
D. hugely
3. The word “banned” in line 4 is closest in meaning to
A. forbidden
B. allowed
C. suggested
D. instituted
4. According to the passage, before 1970 carbon tetrachloride was
A. used by itself as a cleanser
B. banned in industrial use
C. often used as a component of cleaning products
D. not allowed in home cleaning products
5. It is stated in the passage that when carbon tetrachloride is heated, it becomes
A. harmful
B. colorless
C. a cleaning compound
D. inflammable
6. The word “inhaled” in line 7 is closest in meaning to
A. warmed
B. breathed in
C. carelessly used
D. blown
7. The word “revoked” in line 8 could most easily be replaced by
A. gave
B. granted
C. instituted
D. took away
8. It can be inferred from the passage that one role of the U.S. government is to
A. regulate product safety
B. prohibit any use of carbon tetrachloride
C. instruct industry on cleaning methodologies
D. ban the use of any chemicals
9. The paragraph following the passage most likely discusses
A. additional uses of carbon tetrachloride
B. the banning of various chemical compounds by the U.S. government
C. further dangerous effects of carbon tetrachloride
D. the major characteristic of carbon tetrachloride
FOR ANSWER KEY CLICK HERE.
inflammable liquid : cairan yang mudah terbakar

widely used: digunakan secara meluas
solvent: bahan pelarut
propellant: bahan pembakar
banned: dilarang
inhaled: dihirup
extensively: secara meluas

Click the audio below to listen to the text. It would be very helpful if you read the text while
listening to it. It can practice your listening and your pronunciation (speaking). You may
download the audio by using Internet Download Manager (IDM).
The next artist in this survey of American artist is James Whistler; he is included in this
survey of American artist because he was born in the United States, although the majority of
his artwork was completed in Europe. Whistler was born in Massachusetts in 1834, but nine
years later his father moved the family to St. Petersburg, Russia, to work on the construction
of a railroad. The family returned to the United States in 1849. Two years later Whistler
entered the U.S. military academy at West Point, but he was unable to graduate. At the age
of twenty-one Whistler went to Europe to study art despite familial objections, and he
remained in Europe until his death.
Whistler worked in various art forms, including etchings and lithographs. However, he is
most famous for his paintings, particularly Arrangement in Gray and Black No. 1: Portrait of
the Artist’s Mother or Whistler’s Mother, as it is more commonly known. This painting
shows a side view of Whistler’s mother, dressed I black and posing against a gray wall. The
asymmetrical nature of the portrait, with his mother seated off-center, is highly
characteristic of Whistler’s work.
1. The paragraph preceding this passage most likely discusses

A. A survey of eighteenth-century art
B. a different American artist
C. Whistler’s other famous paintings
D. European artists
2. Which of the following best describes the information in the passage?

A. Several artists are presented
B. One artist’s life and works are described
C. Various paintings are contrasted
D. Whistler’s family life is outlined.
3. Whistler is considered an American artist because

A. he was born in America
B. he spent most of his life in Americat
C. he served in the U.S. military
D. he created most of his famous art in America
4. The world “majority” in line 2 is closest in meaning to

A. seniority
B. maturity
C. large pices
D. high percentage
5. It is implied in the passage that Whistler’s family was

A. unable to find any work at all in Rusia
B. highly supportive of his desire to pursue art
C. working class
D. military
6. The word “objections” in line 7 is closest in meaning to

A. protests
B. goals
C. agreements
D. battles
7. In line 8, the “etchings” are

A. a type of painting
B. the same as a lithograph
C. an art form introduced by Whistler
D. an art form involving engraving
8. The word “asymmetrical” in line 11 is closest in meaning to

A. proportionate
B. uneven
C. balanced
D. lyrical
9. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passsage?

A. Whistler work with a variety of art forms.
B. Whistler’s Mother is not the official name of his painting.
C. Whistler is best known for his etchings.
D. Whistler’s Mother is painted in somber tones.
10. where in the passage does the author mention the types of artwork that Whistler was
involved in?
A. Lines 1-3
B. Lines 4-5
C. Lines 6-7
D. Lines 8-10
objection: penolakan
uneven: tidak samarata

The locations of stars in the sky relative to one another do not appear to the naked eye to
change, and as a result stars are often considered to be fixed in position. Many unaware
stargazers falsely assume that each star has its own permanent home in the nighttime sky.
In reality, though, stars are always moving, but because of the tremendous distances
between stars themselves and from stars to Earth, the changes are barely perceptible here.
An example of a rather fast-moving star demonstrates why this misconception prevails; it
takes approximately 200 years for a relatively rapid star like Bernard's star to move a
distance in the skies equal to the diameter of the earth's moon. When the apparently
negligible movement of the stars is contrasted with the movement of the planets, the stars
are seemingly unmoving.
1. Which of the following is the best title for this passage?

a. What the eye can see in the sky
b. Bernard's star
c. Planetary Movement
d. The Evermoving stars
2. The expression "naked eye" in line 1 most probably refers to

a. a telescope
b. a scientific method for observing stars
c. unassisted vision
d. a camera with a powerful lens
3. According to the passage, the distances between the stars and Earth are
a. barely perceptible
b. huge
c. fixed
d. moderate
4. The word "perceptible" in line 5 is closest in meaning to which of the following?

a. noticeable
b. persuasive
c. conceivable
d. astonishing
5. In line 6, a "misconception" is closest in meaning to a (n)

a. idea
b. proven fact
c. erroneous belief
d. theory
6. The passage states that in 200 years Bernard's star can move
a. around Earth's moon
b. next to the earth's moon
c. a distance equal to the distance from earth to the moon
d. a distance seemingly equal to the diameter of the moon
7. The passage implies that from earth it appears that the planets
a. are fixed in the sky
b. move more slowly than the stars
c. show approximately the same amount of movement as the stars
d. travel through the sky considerably more rapidly than the stars
8. The word "negligible" in line 8 could most easily be replaced by

a. negative
b. insignificant
c. rapid
d. distant
9. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

a. starts do not appear to the eye to move.
b. the large distances between stars and the earth tend to magnify movement to the eye
c. Bernard's star moves quickly in comparison with other stars
d. although stars move, they seem to be fixed
10. The paragraph following the passage most probably discusses

a. the movement of the planets
b. Bernard's star
c. the distance from earth to the moon
d. why stars are always moving
11. This passage would most probably be assigned reading in which course?
a. astrology
b. geophysics
c. astronomy
d. geography

Vocabularies:
 relative to: berhubungan dengan
 stargazers: orang yg suka memperhatikan bintang
 barely: hampir tidak
 perceptible: nampak. jelas
 prevail: terjadi, berlaku, menang
 negligible: tak berarti, dapat ditiadakan, sepele

It has been noted that, traditionally, courts have granted divorces on fault grounds: one
spouse is deemed to be at fault in causing the divorce. More and more today, however,
divorces are being granted on a no-fault basis.
Proponents of no-fault divorces argue that when a marriage fails, it is rarely the case that
one marriage partner is completely to blame and the other blameless. A failed marriage is
much more often the result of mistakes by both partners.
Another argument in favor of no-fault divorce is that proving fault in court, in a public arena,
is a destructive process that only serves to lengthen the divorce process and that
dramatically increases the negative feelings present in a divorce. If a couple can reach a
decision to divorce without first deciding which partner is to blame, the divorce settlement
can be negotiated more easily and equitably and the postdivorce healing process can begin
more rapidly.
1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

a. Traditional grounds for divorce
b. Who is at fault in a divorce
c. Why no-fault divorces are becoming more common
d. The various reasons for divorces
c.
2. The word "spouse" in line 1 is closest in meaning to a

a. judge
b. problem
c. divorce decree
d. marriage partner
d.
3. according to the passage, no-fault divorces

a. are on the increase
b. are the traditional form of divorce
c. are less popular that they used to be
d. were granted more in the past
a.
4. It is implied in the passage that

a. there recently has been a decrease in no-fault divorces
b. not all divorces today are no-fault divorces
c. a no-fault divorce is not as equitable as a fault divorce
d. people recover more slowly from a no-fault divorce
b.
5. The word "proponents" in line 4 is closest in meaning to which of the following?

a. Advocates
b. Recipients
c. Authorities
d. Enemies
a.
6. The passage states that a public trial to prove the fault of one spouse can
a. be satisfying to the wronged spouse
b. lead to a shorter divorce process
c. reduce negative feelings
d. be a harmful process
d.
7. Which of the following is NOT listed in this passage as an argument in favor of no-fault
divorce?
a. Rarely is only one marriage partner to blame for a divorce
b. A no-fault divorce generally costs less in legal fees
c. Finding fault in a divorce increases negative feelings
d. A no-fault divorce settlement is generally easier to negotiate
b.
8. The word "present" in line 9 could most easily be replaced by

a. existing
b. giving
c. introducing
d. resulting
a.
9. The word "settlement" in line 10 is closest in meaning to

a. development
b. serenity
c. discussion
d. agreement
d.
10. The tone of this passage is

a. emotional
b. enthusiastic
c. expository
d. reactionary
c.
For Answer Key, click here.
Vocabulary list:
court: pengadilan
granted: mengakui
divorce: perceraian
fault: kesalahan
one spouse: seorang pasangan (suami/istri)
proponent: pendukung
deemed: dianggap
completely to blame: sepenuhnya disalahkan
in favor: yang setuju
destructive process: proses yang merusaak
equitably: dengan baik/pantas

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while listening to it. It can practice your listening and your pronunciation (speaking). You
may download the audio by using Internet Download Manager (IDM)
Whereas literature in the first half of the eighteenth century in America had been largely
religious and moral in tone, by the latter half of the century the revolutionary fervor that
was coming to life in the colonies began to be reflected in the literature of the time, which
in turn served to further influence the population. Although not all writers of this period
supported the Revolution, the two best-known and most influential writers, Ben Franklin
and Thomas Paine, were both strongly supportive of that cause.
Ben Franklin first attained popular success through his writings in his brother's newspaper,
the New England Current. In these articles he used a simple style of language and common
sense argumentation to defend the point of view of the farmer and the Leather Apron man.
He continued with the same common sense practicality and appeal to the common man
with his work on Poor Richard's Almanac from 1733 until 1758. Firmly established in his
popular acceptance by the people, Franklin wrote a variety of extremely effective articles
and pamphlets about the colonist's revolutionary cause against England.
Thomas Paine was an Englishman working as a magazine editor in Philadelphia at the time
of the Revolution. His pamphlet Common Sense, which appeared in 1776, was a force in
encouraging the colonists to declare their independence from England. Then throughout the
long and desperate war years he published a series of Crisis papers (from 1776 until 1783)
to encourage the colonists to continue on with the struggle. The effectiveness of his writing
was probably due to his emotional yet oversimplified depiction of the cause of the colonists
against England as a classic struggle of good and evil.
1. The paragraph preceding this passage most likely discusses

a. how literature influence the population
b. religious and moral literature
c. literature supporting the cause of the American Revolution
d. what made Thomas Paine's literature successful
2. The word "fervor" in line 2 is closest in meaning to

a. war
b. anxiety
c. spirit
d. action
3. The word "time" in line 3 could best be replaced by

a. hour
b. period
c. appointment
d. duration
4. It is implied in the passage that

a. some writers in the American colonies supported England during the Revolution
b. Franklin and Paine were the only writers to influence the Revolution
c. because Thomas Paine was an Englishman, he supported England against the colonies
d. authors who supported England did not remain in the colonies during the Revolution
5. The pronoun "he" in line 8 refers to

a. Thomas Paine
b. Ben Franklin
c. Ben Franklin's brother
d. Poor Richard
6. The expression "point of view" in line 9 could best be replaced by

a. perspective
b. sight
c. circumstance
d. trait
7. According to the passage, the tone of Poor Richard's Almanac is

a. pragmatic
b. erudite
c. theoretical
d. scholarly
8. The word "desperate" in line 16 could best be replaced by

a. unending
b. hopeless
c. strategic
d. combative
9. Where in the passage does the author describe Thomas Paine's style of writing?
a. lines 4-6
b. lines 8-9
c. lines 14-15
d. lines 18-20
10. The purpose of the passage is to

a. discuss American literature in the first half of the eighteen century
b. give biographical data on two American writers
c. explain which authors supported the Revolution
d. describe the literary influence during revolutionary America
Vocabulary List:
 fervor kb. kegairahan, semangat.

 reflect kkt. 1 menggambarkan, membayangkan, mencerminkan (an opinion). 2
mewakili (o's feeling). 3 memantulkan (heat). -kki. 1 membayang. 2 memikirkan (a matter).
3 merendahkan, mengurangi arti.
 attain kkt. mencapai. He's attained the age of 70 Ia telah mencapai usia 70 tahun. -
kki. to a. to mencapai. He finally attained to a very high position Akhirnya ia mencapai
kedudukan yang sangat tinggi.
 appeal kb. 1 seruan. 2 permohonan (dari hati ke hati) . 3 banding, apel,
pertimbangan. 4 daya penarik. kki. to a. a case naik banding (dalam suatu perkara.). --kki. 1
menarik 2 memohon kepada (dari hati ke h
 firmly dengan kuat
 desperate ks. 1 yang sangat menyedihkan. 2 nekat. 3 putus asa. to do s.t. d.
melakukan yang tidak-tidak. -desperately kk. mati-matian

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while listening to it. It can practice your listening and your pronunciation (speaking). You
may download the audio by using Internet Download Manager (IDM).
The Alaska pipeline starts at the frozen edge of the Arctic Ocean.
It stretches southward across the largest and northernmost state in
the United States, ending at a remote ice-free seaport village nearly
Line 800 miles from where it begins. It is massive in size and extremely
(5) complicated to operate.
The steel pipe crosses windswept plains and endless miles of
delicate tundra that tops the frozen ground. It weaves through
crooked canyons, climbs sheer mountains, plunges over rocky
crags, makes its way through thick forests, and passes over or
(10) under hundreds of rivers and streams. The pipe is 4 feet in diameter,
and up to 2 million barrels (or 84 million gallons) of crude oil can
be pumped through it daily.
Resting on H-shaped steel racks called "bents," long sections of
the pipeline follow a zigzag course high above the frozen earth.
(15) Other long sections drop out of sight beneath spongy or rocky
ground and return to the surface later on. The pattern of the
pipeline's up-and-down route is determined by the often harsh
demands of the arctic and subarctic climate, the tortuous lay of the
land, and the varied compositions of soil, rock, or permafrost
(20) (permanently frozen ground). A little more than half of the pipeline
is elevated above the ground. The remainder is buried anywhere
from 3 to 12 feet, depending largely upon the type of terrain and
the properties of the soil.
One of the largest in the world, the pipeline cost approximately
(25) $8 billion and is by far the biggest and most expensive construction
project ever undertaken by private industry. In fact, no single
business could raise that much money, so 8 major oil companies
formed a consortium in order to share the costs. Each company
controlled oil rights to particular shares of land in the oil fields and
(30) paid into the pipeline-construction fund according to the size of its
holdings. Today, despite enormous problems of climate, supply
shortages, equipment breakdowns, labor disagreements, treacherous
terrain, a certain amount of mismanagement, and even theft, the
Alaska pipeline has been completed and is operating.
1. The passage primarily discusses the pipeline's

A. operating costs
B. employees
C. consumers
D. construction
2. The word "it" in line 4 refers to
A. pipeline
B. ocean
C. state
D. village
3. According to the passage, 84 million gallons of oil can travel through the pipeline each
A. day
B. week
C. month
D. year
4. The phrase "Resting on" in line 13 is closest in meaning to
A. Consisting of
B. Supported by
C. Passing under
D. Protected with
5. The author mentions all of the following as important in determining the pipeline's route
EXCEPT the
A. climate
B. lay of the land itself
C. local vegetation
D. kind of soil and rock
6. The word "undertaken" in line 26 is closest in meaning to
A. removed
B. selected
C. transported
D. attempted
7. How many companies shared the costs of constructing the pipeline?
A. 3
B. 4
C. 8
D. 12
8. The word "particular" in line 29 is closest in meaning to
A. peculiar
B. specific
C. exceptional
D. equal
9. Which of the following determined what percentage of the construction costs each
member of the consortium would pay?
A. How much oil field land each company owned
B. How long each company had owned land in the oil fields
C. How many people worked for each company
D. How many oil wells were located on the company's land
10. Where in the passage does the author provide a term for an earth covering that always
remains frozen?
A. Line 3
B. Line 13
C. Line 19
D. Line 32
1, D
2. A
3. A
4. B
5. C
6. D
7. C
8. B
9. A
10. C
For Answer Key, click here.

Source: Official Website of ETS

Toefl

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Tips ; Trick ; Cara; Strategi menghadapi soal reading TOEFL

Strategi-strategi dalam MENGHANCURKAN tes TOEFL (Cuma untuk reading)

Apa arti frasa `in the sense that`?

Apa arti frasa `in the sense that`?

Teaching can be research-informed in the sense that it draws consciously on systematic

No The Proverbs The meaning

No The proverbs The meaning

Cara Meningkatkan Speaking dalam Bahasa Inggris

Aturan 2: Jangan Pernah belajar grammar

Berhenti belajar grammar

Berhenti belajar grammar

Mulai sekarang berhentilah. Jauhkanlah buku-buku grammar Anda Aturan-aturan grammar

Listening, Listening dan Listening

Aturan 4: Pelan-Pelan, Deep Learning Is Best

Aturan 5: Gunakan “Point of View Mini-Stories”

Aturan 7: Biasa kan Berbicara secara Langsung pada Native

Apa arti kata Thy, Thou, Thee, dll.

Kiri = Archaic words (Bahasa Kuno)

Kanan = Modern words

*Kata-kata semacam ini masih ditemukan dalam penerjemahan sebuah alkitab.

Thank God we're all alive, ain't we? [ain't = aren't]

I ain't finished yet. [have not / is not]

You ain't seen nothing yet. [have not]

You ain't heard nothing yet! [have not]

Pengertian I Am into You

Jackie is really into classical music.

They are into vegetarianism.

Kata "Gotta" merupakan singkatan "Got to." (Informal)

"Have Got to" bermakna "Have to = Harus" (Formal)

I gotta manage my money.

I gotta obey the laws.

I gotta move to a bigger house.

I gotta impress my boss.

I gotta brush my teeth.

Tag: Apa arti gotta; Apa bahasa Indonesianya gotta.

Apa itu TOEFL?

Test Section Description Time No. of

TOEFL Structure and Written Measures the ability to 25 40

Section Time Limit Questions Tasks

Reading* 60–80 minutes 36–56 questions Read 3 or 4 passages from academic

Listening 60–90 minutes 34–51 questions Listen to lectures, classroom

Pengertian dan Contoh Appositive

Appositive merupakan noun (kata benda) yang fungsinya menambahkan informasi

Belajar STRUTCURE / GRAMMAR TOEFL 1

________ was backed up for miles on the freeway.

Engineers _____ for work on the new space program.

Belajar STRUCTURE / GRAMMAR TOEFL 2

Objek dari preposition dapat membuat kebingungan di tes TOEFL

Belajar STUCTURE / GRAMMAR TOEFL 3

Sally, the best student in the class, got an A on the exam.

Contoh 1 (yang dapat mengecoh dalam tes TOEFL)

Belajar STRUCTURE / GRAMMAR TOEFL 4

Belajar STRUCTURE / GRAMMAR TOEFL 5

Belajar STRUCTURE / GRAMMAR TOEFL 6

Belajar Structure / Grammar TOEFL 7

Diagram untuk daftar kata penghubung adverb time dan cause:

ADVERB TIME AND CAUSE CONNECTORS

Belajar Structure / Grammar TOEFL 8

Kecuali: While atau whereas selalu menggunakan koma

Belajar Structure / Grammar TOEFL 9

When he will arrive is not important.

Belajar Structure / Grammar TOEFL 10

NOUN CLAUSE CONNECTORS/SUBJECTS