Medical Confidentiality
dr. Nur Azid Mahardinata
Center for Bioethics and Medical Humanities
Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada
Seorang wanita datang berobat ke dokter ahli kandungan karena
keputihan. Dalam pemeriksaan dokter menemukan penyebabnya,
yaitu kondom yang tertinggal cukup lama di dalam vagina.
1. Autonomy
2. Beneficence
3. Non-maleficence
4. Justice
BENEFICENCE (doing good)
Benefits Burdens
NON-MALEFICENCE
(doing no harm)
Benefits Risks
JUSTICE
SUPPLY DEMAND
AUTONOMY
Konsep Dasar Otonomi
1. (Intentionally)
Tindakan diputuskan dengan maksud tertentu
2. (understanding)
Dengan pemahaman yang benar
3. (without influence)
Tanpa pengaruh yang mengendalikan pilihan mereka
1. Liberty
Bebas dari pengaruh yang mengendalikan
2. Agency
memiliki kapasitas pribadi untuk melakukan
tindakan yang bertujuan
Pentingnya Belajar Otonomi
• Protects autonomy
• Protects right to control access to the self
• Protects right to relations with varying
degrees of intimacy
• Protects from the harm of mis-use of
information
• Protection of privacy & honoring confidences
enhances trust
Privacy & Confidentiality
Generally accepted principles:
Patients
17 % were dissatisfied on how the physician handle confidential
information
96 % recognized the common practiced for second opinion
69 % expected to be discussed in professional setting
50 % expected to be discussed with nursing staff
Generally did not expect to be discussed in Medical Journals,
or to the spouses or friends
SURVEYS (2)
Expectations & Practices
• Hippocratic Oath
“What ever, in connection with my professional
practice, or not in connection with it, I see or hear,
in the life of men, which ought not to be spoken of
abroad, I will not divulge, as reckoning that
all such should be kept secret”
The Ethical Basis (2)
• Priestly Medicine
Penyakit adalah hukuman atas dosa dari Tuhan, sehingga
memberitahukan seseorang berpenyakit sama artinya dengan
memberitahukan dosa orang lain
• Medical records
• Medical history
• Drugs prescription
• Medical tests administered
• Reimbursement records
• Computerized record
Pembukaan Rahasia Medis (1)
• Keadaan Darurat
– Pasien tidak mampu memberikan consent, boleh dilakukan
komunikasi atar sejawat
Individual
Interest/rights
Social interest/rights
Sanksi Pelanggaran Kerahasiaan Medis (1)