1
• FRAKTUR
• DISLOKASI
• FRAKTUR – DISLOKASI
•RUPTUR TENDO
•TRAUMA PD SARAF PERIFER
2
Diskontinuitas struktur tulang
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Fr dapat dibagi menurut :
•Menurut ltk anatomi :
ephipisis
ephypiseal plate
metaphisis
diaphisis
1/3 proksimal
1/3 tengah
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1/3 distal 4
•Menurut jenis :
komplit
inkomplit : buckle fr
greenstick fr
•Menurut garis fr :
transver
obliqe
spiral
segmental
komunitiva
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•Menurut hubungan dgn dunia luar :
fr tertutup
fr terbuka
Beberapa istilah :
fr compresi
fr impacted
fr patologis
fr intraarticular
fr avulsi
fr dislokasi
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fr dengan komplikasi 6
Kominutif Transversal
Spiral
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Segmental Impacted
Kompresi
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Avulsi 8
Fraktur intraartikuler
Bone Cyst
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DIAGNOSIS FRAKTUR
• TRAUMA • UMUM
• P. LAIN • LOKAL
- LOOK
- FEEL
- MOVE
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PENGUKURAN
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PEMBACAAN FOTO RADIOLOGI
SECARA UMUM :
hari dan tanggal
posisi penglihatan
perbedaan jar keras dan lunak
mulai dari luar ke dalam
nilai kelainan ortopedinya
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Pada fr yang dinilai :
aposisi dan panjang
angulasi
displacement
rotasi
Pada dislokasi :
jauhnya terlepas :
subluksasi
luksasi
adanya fraktur ?
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Pembacaan setelah reposisi dan fiksasi
Aposisi Angulasi
1. Lokasi fraktur
2. Fragmen distal
Rotasi
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PENYEMBUHAN FRAKTUR
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Fraktur Konsolidasi
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UNION
•Klinis
• Radiologis MALUNION
Komplikasi penyembuhan fr :
delayed union
malunion
non union : atropi
hypertropi
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NON UNION
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PENATALAKSANAAN
1. Imobilisasi
2. Manipulasi / reposisi
a. Reposisi tertutup
b. Traksi •Thomas splint
• Bryant
• Hamilton Russel
3. Fiksasi :
- Dalam: osteosynthesis
- Luar : POP, external fixasi
4. Rehabilitasi
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MANIPULASI PADA ANAK-ANAK
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CARA GIP
Stockingette Padding
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PLESTER SLAB
Bryant ‘s / Gallow’s
traction
Buck Extension
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RUSSEL TRACTION
TRAKSI BERIMBANG
( SUSPENDED OR
FLOATING TRACTION )
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Plate - screw
Fixasi External
Modifikasi
Luque
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Compartment syndrome:
Gejala klinis :
5P
- Pain (nyeri)
- Pale (pucat)
- Pulseless
Compartment Syndrome
- Paresthesia pada fraktur supracondyler humerus
- Paralyzed
Penatalaksanaan :
- Pasca pemasangan gips
Lepas gips
-Menurunkan tekanan intakompartemen :
Fasciotomy
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BATASAN FRAKTUR TERBUKA
Type Description
I Low energy injury with minimal soft tissue damage and a small wound ( less than one
centimeter) ; The fracture typically occurs as an inside -to out puncture from underlying spike
of bone. Typically, there is slight comminution of the bone.
II A Transition between the low-energy type I and the high - energy type III fracture. This
type may have associated soft tissue lacerations one to ten long, slight or moderate
comminution, and no or slight periosteal stripping of bone fragments.
IIIA The most severe pattern of open fracture. But it’s having adequate covarage with soft tissue
despite extensive soft tissue lacerations or flaps or injury reflecting high energy trauma, such
as extensive osseous comminution, segmental fracture pattern, or extensive soft tissue injury
(irrespective of the size of the wound) or combination of any these. Open fracture that occur
in an environment that predispo to extensive bacterial contamination, such as a baryard setting
or a public waterway
III B The most severe pattern of open fractures with extensive soft tissue injury, periosteal stripping
and expose bone. The problem is periosteal stripping with adequate muscle covarage of the
bone (it should be classified III A or III B) our decision it should if we need local or distant
flap covarage of areas of exposed bone.
III C The fracture is associated with a vascular injury that require repair for the limb-salvage.
A tibial fracture with only an isolated injury of the anterior or posterior tibial artery should not
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be considered type III C 33
(Description revision 1998)
DIAGNOSIS
I. RIWAYAT
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PENATALAKSANAAN Golden Periode
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Gb klinis ex Fix Fixasi External
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FRAKTUR PADA ANAK-ANAK
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ANATOMI TULANG ANAK
• Ephiphyseal plate
• Epiphysis
• Periosteum
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BIOMEKANIK
1.Traumatik Bowing
2. Fraktur Buckle
3. Fraktur Grinstik
4. Fraktur komplit
Bengkok F. Buckle
F. Grinstik F. Komplit
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FRAKTUR KOMPLIT
Spiral Oblik
Transversal Butterfly
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EPIFISIOLISIS
( Salter - Haris 1963)
Tipe IV
Tipe V
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TYPE DESCRIPTION CHARACTERISTICS
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KLASIFIKASI PETERSON
Metafisis
Fisis
Metafisis Fisis Epifisis
I II III IV V VI
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TRAUMA CINCIN PERIKHONDRAL
Osteochondroma
Angulasi
SH Tipe VI
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FRAKTUR EPIFISIS
FR. OSTEOKHONDRAL
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FISIOLOGIS
HUKUM WOLF
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PENATALAKSANAAN
Diagnosis
Terapi
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KONSERVATIF
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TRAKSI
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U-SLAB AND VELPAUE BANDAGE
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OPERATIF
INDIKASI
1.Tindakan manipulasi reposisi tertutup gagal
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FRAKTUR PADA MANULA
FRAKTUR COLLES
OSTEOPOROSIS
FRAKTUR KOLUM FEMORIS
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VERTEBRAE
HIP
COLLES
1. Osteoporosis primer
Tipe 1.
Tipe 2.
2. Osteoporosis sekunder
3. Osteoporosis idiopatik
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PERMASALAHAN
2. REHABILITASI
3. REST
4. OBESITAS
5. SOCIAL WORKERS
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PENATALAKSANAAN
• STABILISASI FRAKTUR
•MENCEGAH KOMPLIKASI
• REHABILITASI
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PENCEGAHAN
1. OSSEOUS OSTEOPOROSIS
2. EXTRA OSSEOUS
Umum
Khusus
Lingkungan
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TRAUMA SENDI/ DISLOKASI
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• Jenis Sendi
STABILITAS • Otot
SENDI
• Ligamen
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TERMINOLOGI TRAUMA SENDI
1. Kontusi
2. Sprain
3. Occult joint instability
4. Subluksasi / dislokasi
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TERMINOLOGI TRAUMA SENDI
5. Fraktur - dislokasi
6. Dislokasi -
8. Dislokasi buttonhole
9. Subluksasi residual
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DIAGNOSIS TRAUMA SENDI
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Dislokasi Posterior Hip Joint
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Penatalaksanaan
Stimson (gravity)
Allis technique
Dislokasi Anterior Hip Joint
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Dislokasi Anterior ShoulderJoint
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Penatalaksanaan
Stimson (gravity)
Kocher method
Immobilization on
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Velpeau bandage
Dislokasi : merupakan kasus emergensi!!
Komplikasi akut :
- Pendesakan pada struktur neurovaskuler
- Mencegah terjadinya komplikasi kronik
Komplikasi kronis :
- Ireducible dislocation
- Cedera vaskuler amputasi
- Kerusakan permanen pada syaraf
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TRAUMA NERVUS PERIFER
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KLASIFIKASI TRAUMA PERIFER
1. Iskhemi
2. Neuropraksia
3. Aksonotmesis
4. Neurotmesis
Penyebab :
trauma tajam
trauma tumpul
taruma tarikan
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DIAGNOSIS
1. Gejala klinis
• Paralisis flasid
• Sensation
• Temperatur
2. Pemeriksaan tambahan
• Tes elektris
• Nerve conduction test
• Strength duration curve
• electromyography
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PENATALAKSANAAN
1. Trauma terbuka
2. Trauma tertutup
3. Sisa paralisis
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NERVUS RADIALIS
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NERVUS MEDIANUS
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NERVUS ULNARIS
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TRAUMA PADA TENDON
PENATALAKSANAAN :
REPAIR PRIMER
REPAIR SEKUNDER
DELAYED REPAIR
TENDON GRAFT
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TRAUMA PADA PEMBULUH DARAH
TRAUMA TAJAM
TRAUMA LEDAKAN
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