1007 / s11738-015-1829-4
KERTAS ASLI
Struktur, profil ekspresi, dan evolusi keluarga gen sukrosa synthase dalam
persik (Prunus persica)
Chunhua Zhang1 • Mingliang Yu1 • Ruijuan Ma1 • Zhijun Shen1 • Binbin Zhang1 • Nicholas Kibet Korir2
Menerima: 12 Mei 2014 / Direvisi: 15 Maret 2015 / Diterima: 16 Maret 2015 / Diterbitkan online: 26 Maret 2015 Ó Franciszek Go ́rski Institut
Fisiologi Tumbuhan, Akademi Polandia dari Sciences, Krako ́w 2015
Abstrak Pesan utama Keluarga gen SUS terdiri dari enam gen dalam persik, PpSus1 hingga PpSus6. PpSus1 hingga PpSus6
dikategorikan mewakili tiga kelompok, kelompok I, II, dan III. PpSus menunjukkan karakteristik konservatif dengan Sus
pada tanaman lain. PpSus menunjukkan pola ekspresi yang berbeda dalam jaringan pada empat tahap perkembangan.
Abstrak Sukrosa sintase (SUS) telah disarankan untuk memainkan peran kunci dalam metabolisme sukrosa tanaman dengan
penelitian baru-baru ini melaporkan bahwa sejumlah kecil gen yang mengkode isozim Sus yang berbeda ada di sebagian
besar spesies tanaman. Meskipun demikian, informasi tentang gen yang mengkode iso- kim yang berbeda dari Sus in peach
(Prunus persica) masih sedikit. Dalam penelitian ini, kami melaporkan prediksi, isolasi, karakteristik struktural, koneksi
filogenetik dan garis besar ekspresi enam gen Sus dalam persik (PpSus1 hingga 6). Keenam gen PpSus ditemukan
didistribusikan di perancah 1, 3, 5, 7, dan 8. Analisis ekson / intron mengungkapkan bahwa gen PpSus mengandung banyak
intron yang berkisar antara 11 hingga 13 dan menampilkan tingkat konservasi yang tinggi sesuai Gen sus dalam spesies
tanaman lain.komparatif
Pemutaranmotif dalam protein PpSus menunjukkan konsumsi tinggi dalam hal jumlah, lebar dan urutan motif di antara
protein PpSus, yang secara tidak langsung menunjukkan bahwa enam protein PpSus memang anggota keluarga SUS.
Analisis filogenetik mengungkapkan bahwa PpSus2 hingga PpSus4 terkait dengan kelompok II dari keluarga Sus, PpSus5
dan PpSus6 dikelompokkan ke dalam kelompok III, dan kelompok I hanya berisi satu gen persik (PpSus1) bersama dengan
anggota dari 10 spesies tanaman lainnya. Analisis tingkat ekspresi dari enam gen PpSus mengungkapkan bahwa transkrip
PpSus1 paling tidak terdeteksi pada daun dan pada floem yang lebih tua, sedangkan PpSus2 dan PpSus4 hampir tidak
terdeteksi pada bunga. Tiga gen PpSus lainnya muncul secara berbeda di semua jaringan yang diperiksa dan terdeteksi pada
berbagai tahap perkembangan jaringan. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini akan berguna dalam memilih kandidat gen
PpSus untuk analisis fungsional lebih lanjut di jalur metabolisme sukrosa dalam persik dan khususnya dalam karakterisasi
mutan knockout / knockdown gen PpSus.
Kata kunci Peach Á Sukrosa sintase Á Karakteristik Á Analisis filogenetik Á Pola ekspresi
Dikomunikasikan oleh M. Stobiecki.
Singkatan DABF Hari setelah mekar penuh Bahan pelengkap elektronik Versi online dariini artikel(doi:10.1007 /
30 s (Tm seperti yang ditunjukkan pada Tabel 1), 72 ° C selama 3 menit, dan RNA yang diekstraksi diukur secara
spektrofotometri
72 ° C selama 10 menit. Produk PCR dipisahkan dengan dan kemudian diperiksa secara elektroforesis pada 1,0% gel agarosa
elektroforesis pada gel agarosa 2,0%, dan divisualisasikan dengan memverifikasi integritas sampel. Setelah itu RNA dirawat
pewarnaan dengan etidium bromida. Fragmen DNA target dengan DNase I dan terbalik ditranskripsi menggunakan
Perdana dimurnikan menggunakan Kit Ekstraksi Gel DNA AxyprepTM ScriptTM RT Reagent Kit dengan gDNA Eraser
(Takara
(Aygen Biosains, Union, CA, USA), kemudian diikatkan ke Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Dalian, Cina) mengikuti
vektor pEASY-T3 (TransGen Biotech Co Ltd, Beijing, instruksi pabrik. Semua sampel cDNA adalah di-
China), dan akhirnya diubah menjadi sel E. coli (DH5a). luted 1:10 dengan air bebas RNase dan diverifikasi olehsemi-
klonpositif yang diidentifikasi dengan analisis PCR diurutkan RT-PCR kuantitatif. Semua cDNA disimpan pada -20 ° C
oleh Invitrogen Biotechnology Co. Ltd (Shanghai, Cina). sebelum digunakan sebagai templat dalam kloning dan dalam
realitas kuantitatif-
Kesamaan antara gen Sus dalam persik dan gen waktu PCR (qRT-PCR).
di pabrik lain ditentukan menggunakan NCBI BLAST. Urutan yang diperoleh kemudian diserahkan ke Prediksi NCBI
anggotakeluarga PpSus
databasedan diberi nomor aksesi, JQ412752 untuk PpSus1, dan KJ493331 ke KJ493331 untuk KJ493335 untuk PpSus2 ke
PpSus6. Menggunakan protein gen Sus yang diidentifikasi dalam Arabidopsis.
Selain itu, penyelarasan berganda dari asam amino yang disimpulkan thaliana dan dalam Oryza sativa (enam), serta
dalamPopulus
urutandari enam gen dilakukan menggunakan DNAMAN trichocarpa (tujuh), model Markov tersembunyi(HMM)
Perangkat lunak(versi 6.0) (http://www.lynnon.com/) dan profil keluarga SUS diekstraksi dari Pfam sebagai
ClustalW2 (http://www.ebi.ac.uk/Tools/msa / clustalw2 /) dijelaskan oleh Wang et al. (2010) (nomor tambahan
program, dengan penalti celah default.
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81 Halaman 4 dari 15 Acta Physiol Plant (2015) 37:81
No
amino
berat
PI
asam indeks
(kDa)
PpSus1 ppa001535m 7: 18.751.831 ... 18757844 2421 13 12 806 92,62 6,00 92,74PpSus2 ppa001573m 1: 9.918.131 ... 9.923.492 2403 14 13 800
91,31 5.73 94.32 -0.243 PpSus3 ppa002723m 8: 21434978 ... 21439332 1923 12 11 640 73.08 6.06 87.61 -0.286 PpSus4 ppa001845m 1:
9912782 ... 9917014 2274 13 12 757 86.58 6.00 92.31 -0.145 PpS us5 ppa017606m 3: 149555 ... 153309 2502 13 12 833 94.72 6.56 87.11 -0.339
PpSus6 ppa001135m 5: 18201753 ... 18206006 2697 14 13 898 101.40 6.68 84.21
-0.289 Gen PpSus terdiri dari indeks asam amino bersama dengan asam amino alifatik. mulai dari 84,21 hingga 94,32. Massa
molekul yang diprediksi dari keenam protein tersebut berkisar antara
123
73,08 hingga 101,40 kDa, sedangkan PI teoretis mereka yang diprediksi dihitung berada di antara 5,73 (PpSus2) dan 6,68
(PpSus6), mirip dengan hasil analisis untuk protein Sus dari
81 Halaman 8 dari 15 Acta Physiol Plant (2015) 37:81
memiliki satu rantai polipeptida utama. Setiap struktur untuk
sebagian besar tanaman (Tabel 6). Indeks GRAVY menunjukkan PpSus1 hingga PpSus6 memiliki dua domain berbeda, domain
bahwa semua protein dalam keluarga SUS adalah hidrofilik. sukrosa dan domain glikosiltransferase. Hasil yang diperoleh dari
Swiss Model dan alat InterProScan menunjukkan domain pertama
Keenam urutan protein dari keluarga SUS dalam persik
yang terletak di residu 7-554, 1-545, 1–386, 16–503, 9–558, 9–559
menjadi sasaran analisis distribusi motif mereka yang dilestarikan
untuk PpSus1 hingga PpSus6, masing-masing (Tambahan Gambar.
menggunakan server web MEME. Keenam anggota tidak hanya
S1. S1. ). Adapun domain glikosiltransferase, diamati berada di
berbagi setidaknya empat komposisi motif umum tetapi juga
residu 565-735, 549-729, 398-560, 507-672, 567-736, dan 567-736,
memiliki urutan pengaturan motif yang sama (3,1,4,2) (Gbr. 3).
masing-masing (Tambahan Gambar. S2).
Selain itu, motif 3 dan 1 di setiap urutan protein terhubung erat dan
memiliki lebar yang sama, 166 aa (Gbr. 4). Namun, keduanya Struktur protein keluarga SUS dalam buah persik terdiri
memiliki jarak dari motif 4 dan 2. Hasil ini menunjukkan dari heliks, helai b, dan gulungan. Jumlah heliks-a dan helai-b yang
konservasi dalam struktur dan kemungkinan kesamaan fungsionalterkandung dalam setiap struktur adalah (127, 111), (127, 108),
antara protein dalam keluarga SUS persik. (104, 84), (119, 108), (35, 28), dan (34, 28) ) untuk PpSus1 ke
PpSus6, masing-masing. Struktur PpSus5 dan PpSus6 tidak
Struktur tersier dari protein keluarga SUS yang diprediksi
memiliki ikatan heliks yang relatif kompak dibandingkan dengan
dalam persik dibangun melalui alat berbasis web Swiss-Model
struktur PpSus1 hingga PpSus4. Sebagai contoh, struktur yang
(http://swissmodel.expasy.org/). Seperti ditunjukkan pada Gambar.
diamati dari domain sukrosa sintase dalam PpSus5 dimulai pada
5, PpSus1 hingga PpSus4 memiliki struktur tersier yang serupa
residu 10 dan berakhir pada residu 558 dengan 23 heliks-a dan 21
tetapi memiliki sedikit perbedaan dalam panjang dan komposisi
helai-b.tersebut.
asam amino unit yang membentuk struktur tersier. Struktur untuk
PpSus1 hingga PpSus4 memiliki dua tetramer simetris dan terdiri
dari empat rantai polipeptida utama. PpSus5 dan PpSus6 memiliki
struktur tersier monomer yang serupa dan masing-masing hanya
Gambar 2 Exon / intron organisasi gen dari keluarga persik SUS. Exon dan I, II, and III, respectively. The results of phylogenetic ana- lysis
intron ditunjukkan oleh kotak hijau yang diisi dan oleh garis tunggal, indicated that these Sus genes had a relatively deep evolutionary
masing-masing. Ukuran ekson dan intron sebanding dengan panjang urutannya.
root accompanied by the more recent dupli- cation events.
Angka-angka menunjukkan fase splicing dari
Fig. 3 Motif distribution of SUS family proteins in peach. Motifs of SUS family
proteins were elucidated using the MEME web server. Each motif is represented
by a number in the colored box. The height
Fig. 4 Summary sequence LOGO and regular expression of each motif shared by of the stack. The black letter below the sequence logo is a regular expression
SUS family proteins in peach. Sequence logo contains stacks of letters at each (RE) describing the motif. In each column, all letters with observed frequencies
position in the motif. The total height of the stack is the ''information content'' of greater than 0.2 are shown; less-frequent letters are not included in the RE.
that position in the motif in bits. The height of the individual letters in a stack is MEME regular expressions are interpreted as follows: single letters match that
the probability of the letter at that position multiplied by the total information letter; groups of letters in square brackets match any of the letters in the group
content
123
equal levels of transcripts as the leaf developed from the 45 DAFB
to the 105 DAFB, which was twofold that seen at 30 DAFB. Both
PpSus5 and PpSus6 transcripts showed the highest level in young
fruit, and then a gradual increase was observed as the fruit
developed until harvest. In ad- dition, PpSus5 and PpSus6 had
similar expression ten- dencies in leaves at different stages of
development. Expression of PpSus5 exhibited a gradual decrease as
the phloem developed from 30 DAFB to 105 DAFB. The highest
abundance of transcripts for PpSus6 was observed in phloem on the
70 DAFB, followed by levels at 105 DAFB with both levels being
far higher than those in other
of the motif ''block'' is proportional to -log (p value), truncated at the height for a
motif with ap value of 1e-10. The details of individual motif are provided in
Table 6 (color figure online)
81 Page 10 of 15 Acta Physiol Plant (2015) 37:81
Discussion
123
workable research. A single gene encoding the Sus isoform PpSus1
(Accession No. JQ412752) had earlier been iden- tified in the peach
'Xiahui6' (Zhang et al. 2013b). In this study, a comprehensive
analysis of genes encoding Sus proteins in the peach genome was
performed, resulting in the identification of six PpSus family genes,
including PpSus1. The sequence similarity of amino acid, position
of intron/exon, and structure of protein, as well as the ex- pression
profile in different tissues, was characterized. Sequences of the six
amino acids all had the typical feature of SUS family verified in
previous studies, particularly with the sucrose synthase and the
Fig. 5 Tertiary structures of all SUS family proteins in peach. Analysis of tertiary glucosyltransferase do- mains, which were identified from the pfam
structures was done using the online server ExPaSy Swiss-Modelprotein families database (Finn et al. 2014). The number of Sus
(http://swissmodel.expasy.org), which auto- matically causes amino acid
genes in peach is typical of that in other plants.
sequences to form tertiary protein structures through homology-modeling
tertiary structures. The
Phylogenetic relationship between PpSus proteins and other
stages of phloem development. PpSus4 was highly ex- pressed in plant Sus homologs
phloem at 70 DAFB and had lower expression levels in phloem at
the other three stages examined. Overall, PpSus4 was slightly The availability of the complete genome sequence of peach and the
expressed in fruits but was almost undetectable in fruits on the 70 previous identification of SUS family genes from other plant
DAFB. In addition, transcripts of PpSus4 increased with leaf species (Cristina et al. 2011; Zhang et al. 2011, 2013a; Chen et al.
development from the 30 DAFB to the 70 DAFB but declined at 2012) facilitated a comparison of PpSus gene and group, using the
fruit harvest. The transcripts of PpSus1, PpSus3, and PpSus5 all classification of these genes in Arabidopsis (Baud et al. 2004) as a
showed increased tendency during flower development, whereas criterion. Historically,
the transcript level measured for PpSus6 were constant in the structures in the circles at bottom left corners are the thumbnail with size 3.23 9
flowers studied. 3.23 cm of that for PpSus5 and PpSus6, respectively. Estimated per-residue
inaccuracy is visualized using a color gradient from blue (more reliable regions)
to red (potentially unreliable region) (color figure online)
Acta Physiol Plant (2015) 37:81 Page 11 of 15 81
dicots and monocots species ap- peared before the duplication
events of multiple genes. Furthermore, PpSus1 was clustered with
the first branch next to Pisum sativum, citrus, and other homologs
of dicots in our phylogenetic tree, which suggests that a gene du-
plication event that generated PpSus1 appeared before the
separation of cotton/citrus/Arabidopsis/Popular/Pisum
123
structure composed of side chains. Early studies reported that the
three-dimensional structure of a protein depends on its amino acid
sequence (Anfinsen et al. 1961; Anfinsen
collected on the 7th of May, the 22nd of May, the 16th of June, and the 22nd of
July, respectively. All values are the means of at least three measurements
123
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