DAFTAR ISI

Hal
DAFTAR ISI ............................................................................................ i
DAFTAR GAMBAR.................................................................................... ii
DAFTAR TABEL…. ............................................................................... iii
DAFTAR SINGKATAN ……………………………………………….. iv
BAB 1 PENDAHULUAN .................................................................... 1
BAB 2 TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ............................................................ 4
2.1 Sejarah Pekembangan Anesthesia Block............................. 4
2.2 Block Pleksus Brakhialis.................................................... 5
2.2.1 Anatomi Pleksus Brakhialis………………........ 6
2.3 Interscalenus Brakhial Pleksus Block.................................. 9
2.3.1 Anatomi……………………................................... 9
2.3.2 Tekhnik………………….. ..................................... 10
2.3.2.1 Panduan Nerve Stimulator........................... 11
2.3.2.2 Panduan USG……………………………... 12
2.4 Komplikasi… ….................................................................. 13
2.5 Farmakologi Klinis dari Anestesi Lokal.................................. 14
2.6 Obat Anestesi Lokal yang Sering Digunakan...................... 14
2.7 Toksisitas Anestesi Lokal……………………................... 15
2.8. Keuntungan dan Kerugian dari Block Anestesi Perifer...... 17.
BAB 3 KESIMPULAN……………........................................................ 20
DAFTAR PUSTAKA………………………………………………………21

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 DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 1. Anatomi pleksus Brakhialis

Gambar 2. Anatomi Interscalene Block
Gambar 3. Interscalene block- surface anatomi
Gambar 4. Anotomi interscalene block guiding nerve stimulator
Gambar 5. Anotomi interscalene block guiding USG

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 DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 1. Stimulasi saraf VS ultrasound

Tabel 2. Pembagia dari block pleksus brakhialis
Tabel 3. Obat-obat Anestesi Regional
Tabel 4. Keuntungan dan Kerugian dari teknik anestesi blok saraf perifer

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 DAFTAR SINGKATAN

C : Cervikal
CNS : Central Nervus Sistem
cm : Centimeter
DVT : Deep Vein Trombosis
Hz : Hertz
IVRA : Intravena Regional Anestesi
LAST : Local Anesthetic Sistemic Toxicity
mA : Mili Amper
mg : Miigram
Kg : Kilogram
ml : Mililiter
NS : Nerve Stimulator
PONV : Post Operative Nausea and Vomiting
RA : Regional Anestesi
SCM : Sternocleidomastoideus
T : Thorakal
USG : Ultrasonografi

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 Daftar Pustaka

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Interscalene Brachial Plexus Block: Conventional blind, Nerve Stimulator Guided and
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pages doi:10.1155/2012/971963
Chin, JK., Cubillos, JE., Alakkad, H. Single, double or multiple-injection techniques for non-
ultrasound guided axillary brachial plexus block in adults undergoing surgery of the lower
arm (Review), The Cochrane Collaboration. John Wiley & Sons, 2 September 2016.

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Dhir, S., Armstrong., K, Armstrong, P., Bouzari, A., Mall, J., Yu J. et al. A randomised
comparison between ultrasound and nerve stimulation for infraclavicular catheter placement*
Anaesthesia 2016, 71, 198–204 15.
Fischer, B., Benefits, risks and best practice in regional anasthaesi. Periodicum Biologorum
2011; 57:61 VOL. 113, No 2, 125–128.
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for Axillary Brachial Plexus Block for Hand, Wrist, or Forearm Surgery. Anesthesia &
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an ultrasound- guided peripheral nerve block room for orthopaedic patients. Irish Medical J
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McNaught, A., Shastri, U., Carmichael, N., Awad, IT., Columb, M., Cheung, J. et al.
Ultrasound reduces the minimum effective local anaesthetic volume compared with
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Neal, JM., Gerancher, JC., Hebl, JR., Ilfeld, BM., McCartney, CJL., Franco, CD. et al. Upper
Extremity Regional Anesthesia: Essentials of Our Current Understanding, Reg Anesth Pain
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Ochsner J 2011. 11:246–252 13. Danelli, G., Bonarelli, S., Tognu, A., Ghisi, D., Fanelli, A.,
Biondini, S., E. et al. Regional Anaesthesia. Prospective randomized comparison of
ultrasound-guided and neurostimulation techniques for continuous interscalene brachial
plexus block in patients undergoing coracoacromial ligament repair. Br J of Anaesthesia 2012
108 (6): 1006–10 14.
Perlas, A., Lobo, G., Lo, N., Brull, R., Chan, VW., Karkhanis, R. Ultrasound-guided
supraclavicular block: outcome of 510 consecutive cases Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2009 Mar-
Apr;34(2):171-176
Thomas, LC., Graham, SK., Osteen, KD., Porter, HS., Nossaman, BD. Comparison of
Ultrasound and Nerve Stimulation Techniques for Interscalene Brachial Plexus Block for
Shoulder Surgery in a Residency Training Environment: A Randomized, Controlled,
Observer-Blinded Trial. 2016.

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