CHAPTER 11

Cause and effect

A.Materials
a. Pengertian Cause and Effect

Cause and effect adalah text yang menuliskan tentang analisis dari seorang penulis untuk
memberikan suatu pembelajaran yang memiliki beberapa sebab dan akibat. Sebab yang
dianalisi boleh dua atau lebih dan yang lainnya merupakan akibat yang ditimbulkan. Cause
and effect biasanya ada di penulisan akademik (academic writing) daripada di penulisan
kraetif (creative writing). Seringkali penulis mebutuhkan suatu analisis yang jelas untuk
menentukan sebab dan akibat agar penulis dapat menhindari kesalahan dalam
penyusunannya.

b. Generic Structure (susunan umum)

Cause and effect juga mempunyai generic structure yaitu :

1. Susunan dari cause and effect harus mempunyai topic sentence (kalimat utama/pokok)
yang akan dibahas mengenai sebab dan akibat
2. Supporting sentences (kalimat-kalimat pendukung) dari cause and effect
3. Concluding sentence (kalimat kesimpulan) dari cause and effect

c. Language Forms

Jordan (1999) merangkum bentuk-bentuk bahasa (language forms) dari cause and effect
sperti di bawah ini :
1. Tenses yang digunakan flesibel atau bisa menggunakan tenses yang mana saja berdasarkan
waktu kejadian: dapat menggunakan present (saat ini), past (lampau), atau akan future (akan
datang)
2. Susunan dari kalimat dapat berupa :
a. X menyenankan Y (dengan kata kerja aktif/ active verb)
b. X disebabkan oleh Y (dengan kata kerja pasif/ passive verb
3. Kalimat yang kalian terangkan/ jelaskan dapat menggunakan active voice atau passive
voice.
4. Transisi dalam cause and effect meliputi: causes, result, due to, because, because of, as a
result, consequently, etc.
5. Kata kerja yang dapat digunakan dalam pernyataan inti (topic statement) adalah cause,
effect, result, etc.
6. Topic dapat di buat dengan:
a. Adanya beberapa causes (sebab) why…
b. Adanya beberapa effect (akibat) of…
c. Peneliti meneliti bahwa ada…
7. Menggunakan sudut pandang orang ketiga.
B. Soal Pilihan Ganda
1. I love living in Australia ______________ the weather.
a. because
b. since
c. as
d. because of  Answer

2. The increase in the number of cars on the road has resulted ________ more and more traffic
jams.
a. in  Answer
b. to
c. at
d. for

3. “He got to work really, really late ‘cos he missed his train”. Which cause and effect word is
‘cos short for?
a. due to
b. because  Answer
c. as
d. since

4. Keith lost his job due ________ cutbacks in the department.

a. for
b. at
c. to  Answer
d. by

5. The increase in tropical storms in recent year has been __________ global warming.
a. put up with
 b. put down to  Answer
c. set down to
d. put to

6. Elsa was ill yesterday....She didn't eat anything

a. Above
b. Because <--- Answer
c. Be patient
d. Begin

7.She can't go to his uncle's house....she is busy

a. Of
b. on
c. Because <----answer
d. Look for

8.We come late to the party......we miss the train

a. Due to the fact that <----- Answer
b. Dare to say it
c. Darkness in the night
d. Dizziness

9. Elsa always makes me happy....She is a very kind

a. A lot of
b. Lots of
c. For <---- Answer
d. Forhead
10. She didn't call me last night...She slept earlier.
a. Whereas <---- Answer
b. Where ever
c. Wearing
d. war

11. We are singing in the living room now .... We are happy
a. Sadness
b.Now and then
c. care of
d. now that <----- Answer

12. She will give birth at home....She doesn't have money to go to the hospital.
a. Since <--- Answer
b. Sure
c. Short
d. Send

13.Rangga came late to school....He got up at 7 O'clock this Morning

a. Getting better
b. Came in
c. Where are you?
d. Wherefore<--- Answer

14. They can win the race....They always do their own exercise everyday
a. As <---- Answer
 b. Ask
c. Axe
d. Act

15. He ate an egg last night...He was hungry

a. He was full
b. Are
c. For <----Answer
d. Pour

C.Essay

Long Drought 2011

Drought during 2011 has caused many problems. First, the people lack of clean water to
either take a bath, wash clothes or drink. Consequently, the government has to spend
more expenditure in social welfare. Second, many breeders do not find grass for their
cattle, sheep and goats. As result, their animals get thinner day after day due to lack of
enough food. Third, many farmers who depend on rainfall can not cultivate their land.
Consequently, they do not get regular income from agribusiness. This also causes the
farmer labors of losing their jobs. Therefore, poverty rate gets increased this year.
Finally, the drought has a great impact on the water reservoir: dams, lake, canal. Their
water level go down or even totally dry. All of those conditions are clearly due to mono
cause that is long drought in our country

1.What is the first problem posed by the long drought in 2011?

2. What is the consequent of the scarcity of clean water?

3. Why do animals get thinners?

4. How can the drought impact the water reservoir?

5. When did the long drought occur?