Praktikum Analisis Spektrometri

Tahun Akademik 2018/2019

KATA PENGANTAR

Puji dan syukur kami panjatkan kehadirat Allah SWT, yang telah
melimpahkan taufiq dan hidayah-Nya, sehingga kami dapat menyelesaikan
bundelan analisis spektrometri yang dibebankan kepada kami tepat pada waktunya.
Salawat beriring salam tercurahkan pada junjungan kita yaitu nabi besar
Muhammad SAW. Penulisan bundelan analisis spektrometri sebagai tugas akhir
praktikum dan syarat untuk mengikuti ujian praktikum.
Dalam penulisan bundelan analisis spektrometri ini, kami menyadari bahwa
peran serta dari berbagai pihak dalam mendorong, bantuan, dan dukungan baik
secara moril maupun materil kepada kami, sehingga kami dapat menyelesaikan
bundelan ini.
Oleh karena itu, dalam kesempatan ini, dengan segala kerendahan hati,
izinkanlah kami mengucapkan terima kasih kepada:
1. Kedua orang tua kami yang telah memberikan dorongan, semangat,
nasehat, dan do’a serta melengkapi segala kebutuhan kami baik moril
maupun materil.
2. Ibu Dr. Zilfa selaku dosen pengampu yang telah meluangkan waktunya
untuk memberikan petunjuk, bimbingan, dan nasehat kepada kami.
3. Syukri Ramadhan selaku koordinator umum dan Cici Afrinesha Ilfa selaku
koordinator harian serta seluruh asisten pembimbing yang telah
memberikan arahan dalam menyelesaikan bundelan.
4. Dan kepada semua pihak yang tidak dapat kami sebutkan namanya satu
persatu.
Dalam bundelan analisis spektrometri ini tidak luput dari tantangan dan
hambatan yang kami temukan, namun berkat dorongan, bimbingan dari semua
pihak di atas kami dapat menyelesaikan bundelan ini. Namun demikian kami
menyadari dalam penyusunan bundelan analisis spektrometri ini masih jauh dari
kesempurnaan, oleh karena itu kami mengharapkan saran – saran dan kritikan yang
bersifat membangun demi perbaikan dan kesempurnaan bundelan ini.
Kami berharap, semoga bundelan analisis spektrometri ini bermanfaat bagi
semua pihak, khususnya bagi kami pribadi, sebagai pedoman untuk meningkatkan
wawasan ilmu pengetahuan dan memperluas cakrawala berpikir.

Padang, 25 April 2019

Penulis

Kimia Kelas B
Angkatan 2017

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 Praktikum Analisis Spektrometri
Tahun Akademik 2018/2019

DAFTAR ISI

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ..................................................................................................... i

LEMBAR PEMERIKSAAN .................................................................................................. ii
KATA PENGANTAR ...........................................................................................................iii
DAFTAR ISI ........................................................................................................................... iv
KOLORIMETRI
I. TUJUAN ........................................................................................................................1
II. TEORI ............................................................................................................................1
III. PROSEDUR PERCOBAAN .......................................................................................4
3.1 Alat dan Bahan.............................................................................................................4
3.1.1 Alat dan fungsinya ......................................................................................................4
3.1.2 Bahan dan fungsinya ..................................................................................................4
3.2 Cara Kerja .....................................................................................................................5
3.2.1 Pembuatan Larutan Standar ......................................................................................5
3.2.2 Metode Silinder Hehner ............................................................................................5
3.2.3 Metode Komparator Bajerum ...................................................................................5
3.3 Skema Kerja .................................................................................................................6
3.3.1 Pembuatan Larutan Standar ......................................................................................6
3.3.2 Metode Silinder Hehner ............................................................................................6
3.3.3 Metode Komparator Bajerum ...................................................................................6
3.4 Skema Alat....................................................................................................................8
3.4.1 Silinder Hehner ...........................................................................................................8
3.4.2 Komparator Bajerum ..................................................................................................8
3.5 Gambar Alat .................................................................................................................9
3.5.1 Silinder Hehner ...........................................................................................................9
3.5.2 Komparator Bajerum ..................................................................................................9
IV DATA DAN PERHITUNGAN ...............................................................................10
4.1 Data ..............................................................................................................................10
4.2 Perhitungan ................................................................................................................10
4.3 Reaksi ..........................................................................................................................11
V. PENGAMATAN DAN PEMBAHASAN .............................................................12

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5.1 Pengamatan Setiap Langkah Kerja ...................................................................... 12

5.1.1 Pengamatan pada percobaan dengan Silinder Hehner ..................................... 12
5.1.2 Pengamatan pada percobaan dengan Komparator Bajerum ............................ 15
5.2 Pembahasan ............................................................................................................... 17
VI. KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ................................................................................ 19
6.1 Kesimpulan ................................................................................................................ 19
6.2 Saran ............................................................................................................................ 19
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ........................................................................................................... 20
Lampiran 1. Struktur Bahan yang Digunakan ................................................................ 21
FOTOMETRI
I. TUJUAN ..................................................................................................................... 22
II. TEORI ......................................................................................................................... 22
III. PROSEDUR PERCOBAAN .................................................................................... 25
3.1 Alat dan Bahan .......................................................................................................... 25
3.1.1 Alat dan fungsinya ................................................................................................... 25
3.1.2 Bahan dan fungsinya ............................................................................................... 25
3.2 Cara Kerja ................................................................................................................... 26
3.2.1 Pembuatan Larutan Standar ................................................................................... 26
3.2.2 Pemakaian alat Filter Fotometer ............................................................................ 26
3.3 Skema Kerja ............................................................................................................... 27
3.3.1 Pembuatan Larutan Standar ................................................................................... 27
3.3.2 Pemakaian alat Filter Fotometer ............................................................................ 27
3.4 Skema Alat ................................................................................................................. 29
3.5 Gambar Alat ............................................................................................................... 30
IV DATA DAN PERHITUNGAN ............................................................................... 31
4.1 Data .............................................................................................................................. 31
4.2 Perhitungan ................................................................................................................ 34
4.3 Grafik .......................................................................................................................... 37
V. PENGAMATAN DAN PEMBAHASAN ............................................................. 38
5.1 Pengamatan Setiap Langkah Kerja ...................................................................... 38
5.2 Pembahasan ............................................................................................................... 40
VI. KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ................................................................................ 42
6.1 Kesimpulan ................................................................................................................ 42

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6.2 Saran ............................................................................................................................42

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ...........................................................................................................43
Lampiran 1. Struktur Bahan yang Digunakan ................................................................44
TURBIDIMETRI
I. TUJUAN ......................................................................................................................45
II. TEORI ..........................................................................................................................45
III. PROSEDUR PERCOBAAN .....................................................................................48
3.1 Alat dan Bahan...........................................................................................................48
3.1.1 Alat dan fungsinya ....................................................................................................48
3.1.2 Bahan dan fungsinya ................................................................................................48
3.2 Cara Kerja ...................................................................................................................49
3.2.1 Pembuatan Larutan Standar ....................................................................................49
3.2.2 Cara Pemakaian Alat ................................................................................................49
3.3 Skema Kerja ...............................................................................................................50
3.3.1 Pembuatan Larutan Standar ....................................................................................50
3.3.2 Cara Pemakaian Alat ................................................................................................51
3.4 Skema Alat..................................................................................................................52
3.5 Gambar Alat ...............................................................................................................52
IV DATA DAN PERHITUNGAN ...............................................................................53
4.1 Data ..............................................................................................................................53
4.2 Perhitungan ................................................................................................................53
4.3 Grafik...........................................................................................................................56
V. PENGAMATAN DAN PEMBAHASAN .............................................................57
5.1 Pengamatan Setiap Langkah Kerja .......................................................................57
5.2 Pembahasan ................................................................................................................59
VI. KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ................................................................................60
6.1 Kesimpulan ................................................................................................................60
6.2 Saran ............................................................................................................................60
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ...........................................................................................................61
Lampiran 1. Struktur Bahan yang Digunakan ................................................................62
SPEKTROFOTOMETRI
I. TUJUAN ......................................................................................................................63
II. TEORI ..........................................................................................................................63

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2.1 Spektrofometer .......................................................................................................... 63

2.2 Spektroelekromagnetik ........................................................................................... 63
2.3 Hukum Bouguer (Lambert) .................................................................................... 64
2.4 Hukum Beer ............................................................................................................... 65
2.5 Syarat-syarat penggunaan Hukum Beer .............................................................. 64
III. PROSEDUR PERCOBAAN .................................................................................... 67
3.1 Alat dan Bahan .......................................................................................................... 67
3.1.1 Alat dan fungsinya ................................................................................................... 67
3.1.2 Bahan dan fungsinya ............................................................................................... 67
3.2 Cara Kerja ................................................................................................................... 68
3.2.1 Pembuatan Larutan Standar ................................................................................... 68
3.2.2 Cara pemakaian alat Genesys 20 ........................................................................... 68
3.3 Skema Kerja ............................................................................................................... 69
3.3.1 Pembuatan Larutan Standar ................................................................................... 69
3.3.2 Cara pemakaian alat Genesys 20 ........................................................................... 70
3.4 Skema Alat ................................................................................................................. 71
3.5 Gambar Alat ............................................................................................................... 72
IV DATA DAN PERHITUNGAN ............................................................................... 73
4.1 Data .............................................................................................................................. 73
4.2 Perhitungan ................................................................................................................ 76
4.3 Grafik .......................................................................................................................... 79
V. PENGAMATAN DAN PEMBAHASAN ............................................................. 80
5.2 Pembahasan ............................................................................................................... 82
VI. KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ................................................................................ 83
6.1 Kesimpulan ................................................................................................................ 83
6.2 Saran ............................................................................................................................ 83
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ........................................................................................................... 84
Lampiran 1. Struktur Bahan yang Digunakan ................................................................ 85
ANALISIS CAMPURAN TIGA KOMPONEN
I. TUJUAN ..................................................................................................................... 86
II. TEORI ......................................................................................................................... 86
2.1 Indeks Bias ................................................................................................................ 86
2.2 Pembiasan cahaya ..................................................................................................... 88

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23 Refraktometer ............................................................................................................88
2.4 Kolorimetri Visual ....................................................................................................88
III. PROSEDUR PERCOBAAN .....................................................................................89
3.1 Alat dan Bahan...........................................................................................................89
3.1.1 Alat dan fungsinya ....................................................................................................89
3.1.2 Bahan dan fungsinya ................................................................................................89
3.2 Cara Kerja ...................................................................................................................90
3.2.1 Pembuatan Larutan Standar ....................................................................................90
3.2.2 Cara Pemakaian Refraktometer ABBE ..................................................................90
3.3 Skema Kerja ...............................................................................................................92
3.3.1 Pembuatan Larutan Standar ....................................................................................92
3.3.2 Cara pemakaian Refraktometer ABBE ..................................................................92
3.4 Skema Alat..................................................................................................................93
3.5 Gambar Alat ...............................................................................................................94
IV DATA DAN PERHITUNGAN ...............................................................................95
4.1 Data ..............................................................................................................................95
4.2 Perhitungan ................................................................................................................95
4.3 Diagram Segitiga .......................................................................................................99
V. PENGAMATAN DAN PEMBAHASAN ...........................................................100
5.1 Pengamatan Setiap Langkah Kerja .....................................................................100
5.2 Pembahasan ..............................................................................................................102
VI. KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ..............................................................................104
6.1 Kesimpulan ..............................................................................................................104
6.2 Saran ..........................................................................................................................104
DAFTAR PUSTAKA .........................................................................................................105
Lampiran 1. Struktur Bahan yang Digunakan ..............................................................106
POLARIMETRI
I. TUJUAN ....................................................................................................................107
II. TEORI ........................................................................................................................107
2.1 Konsep Dasar Polarimetri......................................................................................107
2.2 Polarisasi ...................................................................................................................108
2.3 Sifat Optis Aktif ......................................................................................................108
III. PROSEDUR PERCOBAAN ...................................................................................110

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3.1 Alat dan Bahan ........................................................................................................ 110

3.1.1 Alat dan fungsinya ................................................................................................. 110
3.1.2 Bahan dan fungsinya ............................................................................................. 110
3.2 Cara Kerja ................................................................................................................. 111
3.3 Skema Kerja ............................................................................................................. 112
3.4 Skema Alat ............................................................................................................... 113
3.5 Gambar Alat ............................................................................................................. 114
IV DATA DAN PERHITUNGAN ............................................................................. 115
4.1 Data ............................................................................................................................ 115
4.2 Perhitungan .............................................................................................................. 115
4.3 Grafik ........................................................................................................................ 118
V. PENGAMATAN DAN PEMBAHASAN ........................................................... 119
5.1 Pengamatan Setiap Langkah Kerja .................................................................... 119
5.2 Pembahasan ............................................................................................................. 121
VI. KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN .............................................................................. 123
6.1 Kesimpulan .............................................................................................................. 123
6.2 Saran .......................................................................................................................... 123
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ......................................................................................................... 124
Lampiran 1. Struktur Bahan yang Digunakan .............................................................. 124
FOTOMETRI NYALA
I. TUJUAN ................................................................................................................... 126
II. TEORI ....................................................................................................................... 126
2.1 Spektrometri Nyala ................................................................................................ 126
2.2 Prinsip dasar Fotometri Nyala.............................................................................. 126
2.3 Spektrum Elektromagnetik .................................................................................. 128
III. PROSEDUR PERCOBAAN .................................................................................. 131
3.1 Alat dan Bahan ........................................................................................................ 131
3.1.1 Alat dan fungsinya ................................................................................................. 131
3.1.2 Bahan dan fungsinya ............................................................................................. 131
3.2 Cara Kerja ................................................................................................................. 132
3.2.1 Pembuatan Larutan Standar ................................................................................. 132
3.2.2 Penggunanaan Alat Fotometer Flame ................................................................. 132
3.3 Skema Kerja ............................................................................................................. 133

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3.3.1 Pembuatan Larutan Standar ..................................................................................133

3.3.2 Penggunanaan Alat Fotometer Flame .................................................................134
3.4 Skema Alat................................................................................................................135
3.5 Gambar Alat .............................................................................................................136
IV DATA DAN PERHITUNGAN .............................................................................137
4.1 Data ............................................................................................................................137
4.2 Perhitungan ..............................................................................................................137
4.3 Grafik.........................................................................................................................140
V. PENGAMATAN DAN PEMBAHASAN ...........................................................141
5.1 Pengamatan Setiap Langkah Kerja .....................................................................141
5.2 Pembahasan ..............................................................................................................143
VI. KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ..............................................................................145
6.1 Kesimpulan ..............................................................................................................145
6.2 Saran ..........................................................................................................................145
DAFTAR PUSTAKA .........................................................................................................146
Lampiran 1. Struktur Bahan yang Digunakan ..............................................................147