BUNDELAN PRAKTIKUM KIMIA MATERIAL

SEMESTER GENAP
TAHUN AKADEMIK 2019/2020
KELAS B

JURUSAN : KIMIA

FAKULTAS : MATEMATIKA DAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN ALAM

HARI PRAKTIKUM : SELASA

JAM PRAKTIKUM : 13.30 WIB

KOORDINATOR HARIAN : WULANDARI, S.Si

KOORDINATOR UMUM : DINI MUTHIAH ISLAMI, S.Si

LABORATORIUM PENDIDIKAN III

JURUSAN KIMIA
FAKULTAS MATEMATIKA DAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN ALAM
UNIVERSITAS ANDALAS
PADANG
2020
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LEMBAR PENGESAHAN

Bundelan praktikum Kimia Material ini dibuat sebagai tugas akhir praktikum dan
syarat untuk mengikuti ujian praktikum Kimia Material dan telah disahkan pada
tanggal 28 April 2020.

Koordinator Umum Koordinator Harian

Dini Muthiah Islami, S.Si Wulandari, S.Si

No BP: 1920412010 No BP: 1920412013

Dosen Pengampu

Dr. Diana Vanda Wellia, S.Si, M.Si

NIP: 198108052012122002

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LEMBAR PEMERIKSAAN

Bundelan praktikum Kimia Material ini telah diperiksa masing-masing objeknya

dan telah disetujui oleh asisten yang bersangkutan.

OBJEK I OBJEK II OBJEK III

Ahmad Fikri Wulandari, S.Si Aju Deska, S.Si

No BP 1610412027 No BP 1920412013 No BP 1820412016

OBJEK IV OBJEK V OBJEK VI

Dini Muthiah Islami, S.Si Ahmad Fikri Wulandari, S.Si

No BP 1920412010 No BP 1610412027 No BP 1920412013

OBJEK VII OBJEK VIII

Aju Deska, S.Si Dini Muthiah Islami, S.Si

No BP 1820412016 No BP 1920412010

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KATA PENGANTAR

Puji dan syukur kami panjatkan kehadirat Allah SWT, yang telah melimpahkan taufiq
dan hidayah-Nya, sehingga kami dapat menyelesaikan bundelan praktikum kimia
material yang dibebankan kepada kami tepat pada waktunya. Salawat beriring salam
tercurahkan pada junjungan kita yaitu nabi besar Muhammad SAW. Penulisan
bundelan praktikum kimia material sebagai tugas akhir praktikum dan syarat untuk
mengikuti ujian praktikum.
Dalam penulisan bundelan praktikum kimia material ini, kami menyadari
bahwa peran serta dari berbagai pihak dalam mendorong, bantuan, dan dukungan
baik secara moril maupun materil kepada kami, sehingga kami dapat menyelesaikan
bundelan ini.
Oleh karena itu, dalam kesempatan ini, dengan segala kerendahan hati,
izinkanlah kami mengucapkan terima kasih kepada:
1. Kedua orang tua kami yang telah memberikan dorongan, semangat, nasehat,
dan do’a serta melengkapi segala kebutuhan kami baik moril maupun
materil.
2. Ibu Dr. Diana Vanda Wellia, S.Si, M.Si selaku dosen pengampu yang telah
meluangkan waktunya untuk memberikan petunjuk, bimbingan, dan
nasehat kepada kami.
3. Dini Muthiah Islami, S.Si selaku koordinator umum dan Wulandari, S.Si
selaku koordinator harian serta seluruh asisten pembimbing yang telah
memberikan arahan dalam menyelesaikan bundelan.
4. Dan kepada semua pihak yang tidak dapat kami sebutkan namanya satu
persatu.
Dalam bundelan praktikum kimia material ini tidak luput dari tantangan dan
hambatan yang kami temukan, namun berkat bimbingan dari semua pihak di atas
kami dapat menyelesaikan bundelan ini. Namun demikian kami menyadari dalam
penyusunan bundelan ini masih jauh dari kesempurnaan, oleh karena itu kami
mengharapkan saran – saran dan kritikan yang bersifat membangun demi perbaikan
dan kesempurnaan bundelan ini.
Kami berharap, semoga bundelan praktikum kimia material ini bermanfaat
bagi semua pihak, khususnya bagi kami pribadi, sebagai pedoman untuk
meningkatkan wawasan ilmu pengetahuan dan memperluas cakrawala berpikir.

Padang, 28 April 2020

Penulis

Kimia Kelas B
Angkatan 2017

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DAFTAR ISI

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ..................................................................................................... i

LEMBAR PEMERIKSAAN ................................................................................................. ii
KATA PENGANTAR .......................................................................................................... iii
DAFTAR ISI.......................................................................................................................... iv
PENGGUNAAN CLAY SEBAGAI BAHAN PEMUCAT MINYAK SAWIT
BAB I. TUJUAN...................................................................................................................... 1
BAB II. TEORI ........................................................................................................................ 1
2.1 Clay ............................................................................................................................ 1
2.2 Adsorpsi .................................................................................................................... 3
2.3 Minyak Sawit ........................................................................................................... 4
BAB III. PROSEDUR PERCOBAAN ................................................................................. 5
3.1 Alat dan Bahan ........................................................................................................ 5
3.1.1 Alat dan Fungsi ....................................................................................................... 5
3.1.2 Bahan dan Kegunaan ............................................................................................. 5
3.2 Cara Kerja ................................................................................................................. 6
3.2.1 Perlakuan Terhadap Mineral Clay Yang Tidak Diaktifasi ..................................... 6

3.2.2 Perlakuan Terhadap Mineral Clay Yang Diaktifasi ................................................ 6

3.2.3 Penentuan Angka Asam Lemak Bebas ............................................................... 6

3.2.3.1 Minyak Sebelum di Pucatkan ................................................................................... 6
3.2.3.2 Minyak Sesudah di Pucatkan ................................................................................... 6
3.2.4 Penentuan Angka Penyabunan................................................................................. 6

3.2.4.1 Minyak Sebelum di Pucatkan ................................................................................... 6

3.2.4.2 Minyak Sesudah di Pucatkan ................................................................................... 7
3.3 Skema Kerja ............................................................................................................. 8
3.3.1 Perlakuan Terhadap Mineral Clay Yang Tidak Diaktifasi ..................................... 8

3.3.2 Perlakuan Terhadap Mineral Clay Yang Diaktifasi ................................................ 8

3.3.3 Penentuan Angka Asam Lemak Bebas ............................................................... 8

3.3.3.1 Minyak Sebelum di Pucatkan ................................................................................... 8

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3.3.3.2 Minyak Sesudah di Pucatkan ................................................................................... 9

3.3.4 Penentuan Angka Penyabunan................................................................................. 9

3.3.4.1 Minyak Sebelum di Pucatkan ................................................................................... 9

3.3.4.2 Minyak Sesudah di Pucatkan ................................................................................... 9
3.4 Skema Alat ............................................................................................................. 10
BAB IV. DATA DAN PERHITUNGAN .......................................................................... 12
4.1 Data .......................................................................................................................... 12
4.2 Reaksi ...................................................................................................................... 12
4.3 Perhitungan ........................................................................................................... 13
BAB V. PENGAMATAN DAN PEMBAHASAN .......................................................... 14
5.1 Pengamatan ........................................................................................................... 14
5.1.1 Pengamatan Setiap Langkah Kerja ......................................................................... 14

5.1.2 Pengamatan Hasil Akhir ......................................................................................... 17

5.2 Pembahasan ........................................................................................................... 19

BAB VI. KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ........................................................................... 21
6.1 Kesimpulan ........................................................................................................... 21
6.2 Saran ....................................................................................................................... 21
DAFTAR PUSTAKA .......................................................................................................... 22
Lampiran 1. Tugas Sebelum Praktikum ......................................................................... 23
Lampiran 2. Struktur Bahan dan Produk ........................................................................ 24
PEMUCATAN MINYAK DENGAN CLAY YANG DIAKTIVASI
BAB I. TUJUAN.................................................................................................................... 25
BAB II. TEORI ...................................................................................................................... 25
2.1 Minyak Sawit ......................................................................................................... 25
2.2 β- karoten Pada Minyak Sawit Mentah ............................................................ 26
2.3 Mineral Pengadsorpsi .......................................................................................... 27
2.4 Bilangan Asam ....................................................................................................... 27
BAB III. PROSEDUR PERCOBAAN ............................................................................... 28
3.1 Alat dan Bahan ...................................................................................................... 28

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3.1.1 Alat dan Fungsi ..................................................................................................... 28

3.1.2 Bahan dan Kegunaan ........................................................................................... 28
3.2 Cara Kerja ............................................................................................................... 29
3.2.1 Perlakuan Terhadap Mineral Clay Yang Diaktifasi .............................................. 29

3.2.2 Penentuan Angka Asam Lemak Bebas ............................................................. 29

3.2.3 Penentuan Angka Penyabunan............................................................................... 29

3.2.4 Titrasi Blanko........................................................................................................... 29

3.2.5 Pembuatan Mineral Clay yang diaktivasi .............................................................. 29

3.3 Skema Kerja ........................................................................................................... 30

3.3.1 Perlakuan Terhadap Mineral Clay Yang Diaktifasi .............................................. 30

3.3.2 Penentuan Angka Asam Lemak Bebas ............................................................. 30

3.3.3 Penentuan Angka Penyabunan............................................................................... 31

3.3.4 Titrasi Blanko........................................................................................................... 31

3.3.5 Pembuatan Mineral Clay yang diaktivasi .............................................................. 31

3.4 Skema Alat ............................................................................................................. 32

3.4.1 Skema Alat Pemucatan Minyak .............................................................................. 32

3.4.2 Skema Alat Titrasi ................................................................................................... 33

3.4.3 Proses Pemanasan .................................................................................................... 34

BAB IV. DATA DAN PERHITUNGAN .......................................................................... 35

4.1 Data .......................................................................................................................... 35
4.2 Perhitungan ........................................................................................................... 35
BAB V. PENGAMATAN DAN PEMBAHASAN .......................................................... 36
5.1 Pengamatan ........................................................................................................... 36
5.1.1 Pengamatan Setiap Langkah Kerja ......................................................................... 36

5.1.2 Pengamatan Hasil Akhir ......................................................................................... 39

5.2 Pembahasan ........................................................................................................... 40

BAB VI. KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ........................................................................... 42
6.1 Kesimpulan ........................................................................................................... 42
6.2 Saran ....................................................................................................................... 42

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DAFTAR PUSTAKA .......................................................................................................... 43

Lampiran 1. Tugas Sebelum Praktikum ......................................................................... 44
Lampiran 2. Struktur Bahan dan Produk ........................................................................ 45
PEMBUATAN SiO2 DENGAN METODA SOL-GEL
BAB I. TUJUAN.................................................................................................................... 46
BAB II. TEORI ...................................................................................................................... 46
2.1 Pengertian SiO2 ..................................................................................................... 46
2.2 Metoda Sol-Gel...................................................................................................... 46
2.3 Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Reaksi pada Metode Sol-Gel .......................... 48
2.4 Kelebihan dan Kekurangan pada Metode Sol-Gel ........................................ 49
BAB III. PROSEDUR PERCOBAAN ............................................................................... 50
3.1 Alat dan Bahan ...................................................................................................... 50
3.1.1 Alat dan Fungsi ..................................................................................................... 50
3.1.2 Bahan dan Kegunaan ........................................................................................... 50
3.2 Cara Kerja ............................................................................................................... 51
3.3 Skema Kerja ........................................................................................................... 52
3.4 Skema Alat ............................................................................................................. 53
BAB IV. DATA DAN PERHITUNGAN .......................................................................... 54
4.1 Data .......................................................................................................................... 54
4.2 Reaksi ..................................................................................................................... 54
4.2.1 Reaksi Hidrolisis ..................................................................................................... 54

4.2.2 Reaksi Kondensasi Alkohol .................................................................................... 54

4.2.3 Reaksi Kondensasi Air ............................................................................................ 54

4.3 Perhitungan ............................................................................................................ 54

BAB V. PENGAMATAN DAN PEMBAHASAN .......................................................... 55
5.1 Pengamatan ........................................................................................................... 55
5.1.1 Pengamatan Setiap Langkah Kerja ......................................................................... 55

5.1.2 Pengamatan Hasil Akhir ......................................................................................... 57

5.2 Pembahasan ........................................................................................................... 58

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BAB VI. KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ........................................................................... 60

6.1 Kesimpulan ........................................................................................................... 60
6.2 Saran ....................................................................................................................... 60
DAFTAR PUSTAKA .......................................................................................................... 61
Lampiran 1. Tugas Sebelum Praktikum ......................................................................... 62
Lampiran 2. Struktur Bahan dan Produk ........................................................................ 64
PEMBUATAN LAPISAN TIPIS SiO2 DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODA
DIP-COATING
BAB I. TUJUAN.................................................................................................................... 65
BAB II. TEORI ...................................................................................................................... 65
BAB III. PROSEDUR PERCOBAAN ............................................................................... 70
3.1 Alat dan Bahan ...................................................................................................... 70
3.1.1 Alat dan Fungsi ..................................................................................................... 70
3.1.2 Bahan dan Kegunaan ........................................................................................... 70
3.2 Cara Kerja ............................................................................................................... 71
3.3 Skema Kerja ........................................................................................................... 72
3.4 Skema Alat ............................................................................................................. 73
BAB IV. DATA DAN PERHITUNGAN .......................................................................... 74
4.1 Data .......................................................................................................................... 74
4.2 Perhitungan ............................................................................................................ 74
4.3 Reaksi ...................................................................................................................... 75
BAB V. PENGAMATAN DAN PEMBAHASAN .......................................................... 76
5.1 Pengamatan ........................................................................................................... 76
5.1.1 Pengamatan Setiap Langkah Kerja ......................................................................... 76

5.1.2 Pengamatan Hasil Akhir ......................................................................................... 78

5.2 Pembahasan ........................................................................................................... 79

BAB VI. KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ........................................................................... 80
6.1 Kesimpulan ........................................................................................................... 80
6.2 Saran ....................................................................................................................... 80
DAFTAR PUSTAKA .......................................................................................................... 81

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Lampiran 1. Tugas Sebelum Praktikum ......................................................................... 82

Lampiran 2. Struktur Bahan dan Produk ........................................................................ 83
PENENTUAN BAGIAN YANG TIDAK LARUT DALAM SEMEN PORTLAND
BAB I. TUJUAN.................................................................................................................... 84
BAB II. TEORI ...................................................................................................................... 84
2.1 Semen ...................................................................................................................... 84
2.2 Semen Portland ..................................................................................................... 85
2.3 Aplikasi Semen Portland .................................................................................... 86
BAB III. PROSEDUR PERCOBAAN ............................................................................... 88
3.1 Alat dan Bahan ...................................................................................................... 88
3.1.1 Alat dan Fungsi ..................................................................................................... 88
3.1.2 Bahan dan Kegunaan ........................................................................................... 88
3.2 Cara Kerja ............................................................................................................... 89
3.3 Skema Kerja ........................................................................................................... 90
3.4 Skema Alat ............................................................................................................. 91
BAB IV. DATA DAN PERHITUNGAN .......................................................................... 92
4.1 Data .......................................................................................................................... 92
4.2 Reaksi ...................................................................................................................... 92
4.2.1 Penambahan Akuades.......................................................................................... 92
4.2.2 Penambahan HCl .................................................................................................. 92
4.2.3 Penambahan NaOH .............................................................................................. 92
4.3 Perhitungan ............................................................................................................ 92
BAB V. PENGAMATAN DAN PEMBAHASAN .......................................................... 93
5.1 Pengamatan ........................................................................................................... 93
5.1.1 Pengamatan Setiap Langkah Kerja ......................................................................... 93

5.1.2 Pengamatan Hasil Akhir ......................................................................................... 96

5.2 Pembahasan ........................................................................................................... 97

BAB VI. KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ........................................................................... 99
6.1 Kesimpulan ........................................................................................................... 99

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6.2 Saran ........................................................................................................................ 99

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ......................................................................................................... 100
Lampiran 1. Tugas Sebelum Praktikum ........................................................................ 101
Lampiran 2. Struktur Bahan dan Produk ...................................................................... 102
PEMBUATAN PRECIPITATED CALCIUM CARBONATE (PCC) DENGAN
METODA CAUSTIC SODA
BAB I. TUJUAN.................................................................................................................. 103
BAB II. TEORI .................................................................................................................... 103
BAB III. PROSEDUR PERCOBAAN ............................................................................. 107
3.1 Alat dan Bahan .................................................................................................... 107
3.1.1 Alat dan Fungsi ................................................................................................... 107
3.1.2 Bahan dan Kegunaan ......................................................................................... 107
3.2 Cara Kerja ............................................................................................................. 108
3.3 Skema Kerja ......................................................................................................... 109
3.4 Skema Alat ........................................................................................................... 110
BAB IV. DATA DAN PERHITUNGAN ........................................................................ 111
4.1 Data ........................................................................................................................ 111
4.2 Reaksi .................................................................................................................... 111
4.3 Perhitungan .......................................................................................................... 111
BAB V. PENGAMATAN DAN PEMBAHASAN ........................................................ 112
5.1 Pengamatan ......................................................................................................... 112
5.1.1 Pengamatan Setiap Langkah Kerja ....................................................................... 112

5.1.2 Pengamatan Hasil Akhir ....................................................................................... 113

5.2 Pembahasan ......................................................................................................... 114

BAB VI. KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ......................................................................... 115
6.1 Kesimpulan ......................................................................................................... 115
6.2 Saran ...................................................................................................................... 115
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ......................................................................................................... 116
Lampiran 1. Tugas Sebelum Praktikum ........................................................................ 117
Lampiran 2. Struktur Bahan dan Produk ...................................................................... 118

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ADSORPSI LOGAM MANGAN DALAM AIR DENGAN BENTONIT

BAB I. TUJUAN.................................................................................................................. 119
BAB II. TEORI .................................................................................................................... 119
2.1 Pengertian Adsorpsi dan Sifat-sifatnya.......................................................... 119
2.2 Pengertian Bentonit dan Zeolit ........................................................................ 121
BAB III. PROSEDUR PERCOBAAN ............................................................................. 124
3.1 Alat dan Bahan .................................................................................................... 124
3.1.1 Alat dan Fungsi ................................................................................................... 124
3.1.2 Bahan dan Kegunaan ......................................................................................... 124
3.2 Cara Kerja ............................................................................................................. 125
3.2.1 Persiapan Sampel ................................................................................................ 125
3.2.2 Menentukan Kandungan KMnO4 dengan Metoda Spektrofotometri ..... 125
3.2.3 Pembuatan Larutan Standar KMnO4 .............................................................. 125
3.2.4 Menentukan Kandungan Mangan dengan Cara Titrasi ............................. 125
3.3 Skema Kerja ......................................................................................................... 126
3.3.1 Persiapan Sampel ................................................................................................ 126
3.3.2 Menentukan Kandungan KMnO4 dengan Metoda Spektrofotometri ..... 126
3.3.3 Pembuatan Larutan Standar KMnO4 .............................................................. 126
3.3.4 Menentukan Kandungan Mangan dengan Cara Titrasi ............................. 127
3.4 Skema Alat ........................................................................................................... 128
BAB IV. DATA DAN PERHITUNGAN ........................................................................ 129
4.1 Data ........................................................................................................................ 129
4.2 Reaksi .................................................................................................................... 129
4.3 Perhitungan .......................................................................................................... 129
4.3.1 Menentukan Konsentrasi KMnO4 0,5 % ........................................................ 129
4.3.2 Menentukan Massa KMnO4 0,5 % ................................................................... 129
4.3.3 Menentukan Massa Awal Mn .......................................................................... 130
4.3.4 Pembuatan Larutan Standar KMnO4 .............................................................. 130
4.3.5 Persamaan Regresi .............................................................................................. 130

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4.3.6 Menentukan Massa Mn Akhir ......................................................................... 131

4.3.7 Menentukan Kadar Logam Mn yang Terserap ............................................. 131
4.4 Grafik .................................................................................................................... 132
BAB V. PENGAMATAN DAN PEMBAHASAN ........................................................ 133
5.1 Pengamatan ......................................................................................................... 133
5.1.1 Adsorpsi Logam Mangan dengan Bentonit ......................................................... 133

5.1.2 Menentukan Kandungan KMnO4 dengan Metoda Spektrofotometri ..... 136

5.1.3 Pembuatan Larutan Standar KMnO4 .............................................................. 137
5.1.4 Menentukan Kandungan Mangan dengan Cara Titrasi ............................. 138
5.1.5 Pengamatan Hasil Akhir ....................................................................................... 139

5.2 Pembahasan ......................................................................................................... 140

BAB VI. KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ......................................................................... 142
6.1 Kesimpulan ......................................................................................................... 142
6.2 Saran ...................................................................................................................... 142
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ......................................................................................................... 143
Lampiran 1. Tugas Sebelum Praktikum ........................................................................ 144
Lampiran 2. Struktur Bahan dan Produk ...................................................................... 145
ANALISIS DATA
BAB I. TUJUAN.................................................................................................................. 146
BAB II. TEORI .................................................................................................................... 146
2.1 XRD (X-ray Diffraction)..................................................................................... 146
2.2 Mikroskop Elektron, SEM dan TEM .............................................................. 148
BAB III. PROSEDUR PERCOBAAN ............................................................................. 151
3.1 Alat dan Bahan .................................................................................................... 151
3.1.1 Alat dan Fungsi ................................................................................................... 151
3.1.2 Bahan dan Kegunaan ......................................................................................... 151
3.2 Cara Kerja ............................................................................................................. 152
3.2.1 Persiapan NFC (Nano Fiber Cellulose) ............................................................ 152
3.2.2 Persiapan Nanorod Alumina............................................................................. 152

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3.3 Skema Kerja ......................................................................................................... 153

3.3.1 Persiapan NFC (Nano Fiber Cellulose) ............................................................ 153
3.3.2 Persiapan Nanorod Alumina............................................................................. 154
3.4 Skema Alat ........................................................................................................... 155
3.4.1 TEM (Transmission Electron Microscopy) ...................................................... 155
3.4.2 SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) .............................................................. 155
3.4.3 XRD (Difraksi Sinar-X) ...................................................................................... 155
BAB IV. PEMBAHASAN ................................................................................................. 156
BAB V. KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN .......................................................................... 160
5.1 Kesimpulan ......................................................................................................... 160
5.2 Saran ...................................................................................................................... 160
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ......................................................................................................... 161
Lampiran 1. Tugas Sebelum Praktikum ........................................................................ 162

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