BAB Pengangkutan

3 Transportation

1 Rajah di bawah menunjukan sistem peredaran darah manusia. Sistem peredaran darah adalah sistem organ yang
membenarkan darah untuk beredar dan mengangkut nutrien, oksigen, karbon dioksida, hormon dan sel-sel darah
dalam badan.
The diagram below shows the human blood circulatory system. The blood circulatory system is an organ system that permits blood
to circulate and transport nutrients, oxygen, carbon dioxide, hormones, and blood cells in the body. TP4/Menganalisis

Mengapakah darah perlu diangkut melalui peparu dalam sistem peredaran darah?
Why is it necessary to transport blood through the lungs in the blood circulatory system?
Untuk menukarkan darah terdeoksigen kepada darah beroksigen. Peparu adalah tempat pertukaran gas-gas
pernafasan.
To change deoxygenated blood to oxygenated blood. The lungs are the places where the exchange of gases occurs.

2 Kaitkan bilangan kelopak yang terdapat pada injap bikuspid dan trikuspid dengan penamaannya.
Relate the number of flaps in the bicuspid and tricuspid valves and their naming. TP4/Menganalisis
Injap bikuspid mempunyai dua kelopak. Oleh itu, ia dinamakan injap bikuspid. ‘Bi’ memberi maksud ‘dua’.
Injap trikuspid mempunyai tiga kelopak. Oleh itu, ia dinamakan injap trikuspid. ‘Tri’ memberi maksud ‘tiga’.
The bicuspid valve has two flaps. Therefore, it is named bicuspid valve. ‘Bi’ means ‘two’. The tricuspid valve has three
flaps. Therefore, it is named tricuspid valve. ‘Tri’ means ‘three’.

3 Rajah di bawah menunjukkan keratan membujur jantung manusia.

The diagram below shows the longitudinal section of the human heart. TP4/Menganalisis

atrium
atrium

ventrikel
ventricle

Mengapakah atrium tidak memerlukan dinding tebal seperti ventrikel?
Why it is not necessary for the atrium to have a wall as thick as that of the ventricle?
Atrium hanya mengepam darah ke dalam ventrikel. Ventrikel perlu mengepam darah keluar dari jantung.
Ventrikel perlu mempunyai dinding yang lebih tebal untuk menahan tekanan yang lebih tinggi.
The atrium only needs to pump blood into the ventricle. The ventricle needs to pump blood out of the heart. The ventricle
needs a thicker wall to withstand a high pressure.

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 4 Seorang doktor sedang memeriksa denyutan nadi pesakitnya seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam rajah di bawah.
A doctor is checking the pulse of his patient as shown in the diagram below. TP4/Menganalisis

Di manakah denyutan nadi boleh dirasai? Pada pendapat anda, apakah hubungan antara denyutan nadi dengan
denyutan jantung?
Where can the pulse be felt? In your opinion, what is the relationship between pulse and heartbeat?
Nadi dapat dirasai di pergelangan tangan dan di leher. Denyutan nadi merupakan petunjuk denyutan jantung.
Denyutan nadi disebabkan oleh jantung yang mengecut dan mengendur semasa darah dipam ke dalam arteri.
The pulse can be felt at the wrist and neck. The pulse is an indication of the heartbeat. The pulse is caused by the heart
contracting and relaxing when blood is being pumped into the arteries.

5 Selain proses fotosintesis, pengangkutan juga berlaku di dalam tumbuhan hijau seperti ditunjukkan dalam rajah di
bawah.
Besides the process of photosynthesis, transportation also takes place in the green plant as shown in the diagram below.
 TP4/Menganalisis

Bagaimanakah pengangkutan air berlaku dalam tumbuhan itu? Terangkan dari segi penyerapan air, pengangkutan
air dan kehilangan air daripada daun.
How does the transportation of water take place in the plant? Explain, in the aspect of the absorption of water, the transportation
of water and the loss of water from the leaves.
Air diserap daripada tanah melalui sel rerambut akar. Kemudian, air diangkut melalui salur xilem menaiki
batang ke daun. Di dalam daun, air yang berlebihan disingkirkan daripada daun melalui stoma melalui proses
transpirasi.
Water is absorbed from the soil through the root hair cells. Then, it is transported through the xylem vessels up the stem to the
leaves. In the leaves, excess water is removed from the leaves through the stomata by the process of transpiration.

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