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ENGLISH MODUL
SECOND SEMESTER
CLASS XI

Name : Fathan Abdillah

Class : XI
Department :MM3

Created By :

- Thomas Karterika, S.Pd

- Desi Marlinda, S.Pd
- Irma Yunita, M.Pd
- Sri Noflesti, M.Pd
- Sri Wisma Watiningsih, S.Pd
- Yeni Andriani, S.Pd

2021
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KATA PENGANTAR

Puji syukur selalu kami panjatkan kepada Allah SWT, karena karunia Nya lah kami
mampu menyusun modul Bahasa Inggris ini dengan tepat waktu. Shalawat beriring
salam selalu tercurahkan kepada Rasulullah Muhammad s.a.w yang telah membawa
kehidupan dari zaman kegelapan ke zaman yang terang benderang seperti ini..
Modul Bahasa Inggris ini kami buat untuk pembelajaran bagi siswa/i kelas XI yang
akan PKL di masa pandemi Covid 19 masih berlangsung. Modul ini dibuat
berdasarkan kurikululum Revisi K-13 terbaru.
Kami haturkan banyak terima kasih kepada semua pihak yang secara langsung
maupun tidak langsung terlibat dalam penyusunan modul ini.
Akhirnya, kami sadar betul bahwa penyusunan modul ini masih jauh dari kata
sempurna, masih banyak kekurangan di berbagai tempat sehingga kami sangat
mengaharapkan saran dan kritik yang membangun dari pembaca guna perbaikan diri
di kesempatan berikutnya.
Demikian kami sampaikan, besar harapan kami laporan ini dapat bermanfaat dan
digunakan dengan sebaik-baiknya.

Bengkulu, 21 Januari 2021

Tim Penyusun
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DAFTAR ISI
Halaman
HALAMAN JUDUL........................................................................................ 1
KATA PENGANTAR...................................................................................... 2
DAFTAR ISI.................................................................................................... 3
CHAPTER 6 Explanation Text................................................................... 4
A. Pertemuan 1.................................................................................. 4
B. Pertemuan 2.................................................................................. 9
C. Pertemuan 3.................................................................................. 13
CHAPTER 7 Passive Voice......................................................................... 14
A. Pertemuan 1.................................................................................. 14
B. Pertemuan 2.................................................................................. 16
C. Pertemuan 3.................................................................................. 18
D. Pertemuan 4.................................................................................. 20
CHAPTER 8 Meaning Through Music........................................................ 21
A. Pertemuan 1.................................................................................. 21
B. Pertemuan 2.................................................................................. 24
C. Pertemuan 3.................................................................................. 30
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CHAPTER 7
EXPLANATION TEXT
KOMPETENSI DASAR

3.8 Membedakan fungsi sosial ,struktur teks, dan unsur kebahasaan beberapa teks explanation lisan
dan tulis dengan memberi dan meminta informasi terkait gejala alam atau sosial yang tercakup
dalam mata pelajaran lain dikelas XI, sesuai dengan konteks penggunaannya.
4.8 Menangkap makna secara kontekstual terkait fungsi sosial,text structure, and elements of
language explanation text lisan dan tulis, terkait gejala alam atau sosial yang tercakup dalam
mata pelajaran lain dikelas XI

A. INDIKATOR PENCAPAIAN KOMPETENSI

1. Menentukan gambaran umum teks tertulis fungsional berbentuk Explanation.

2. Menentukan informasi rinci tersurat teks tertulis fungsional berbentuk Explanation.
3. Menentukan informasi tertentu teks tertulis fungsional berbentuk Explanation.
4. Menentukan informasi tersirat teks tertulis berbentuk Explanation.
5. Menentukan makna kata teks tertulis fungsional berbentuk Explanation.
6. Menentukan fungsi sosial teks tertulis berbentuk Explanation.
7. Menentukan coherency dan cohesiveness teks tertulis berbentuk explanation.

KEGIATAN PEMBELAJARAN

 PERTEMUAN 1
- Definisi Explanation Text, Fungsi, Struktur dan contoh
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EXPLANATION TEXT

A. Social Function : To explain the processes involved in the formation or working of natural or
social cultural phenomena
B. Text Structure :

a General statement to position the reader.

b Sequenced explanation of why or how something occurs

.

C. Languange Features : Focused on generic non human partipant

Use of relational processes to states what is and which it is
Use of Material Process
Use Of Conjunction
Some use of Passive Voice

1. Definition Of Explanation Text

Explanation merupakan kata benda yang mempunyai arti ‘penjelasan’ dalam Bahasa
Indonesia. Sedangkan kata text atau ‘teks’ memiliki arti tulisan. Jadi, Explanation Text is a text
which explains the processes related to forming of natural, social, cultural, or scientific
phenomena, such as how a motorcycle is made or how bees make honey. Artinya, explanation
text merupakan sebuah teks yang menjelaskan proses – proses yang berkaitan dengan
terbentuknya fenomena atau kejadian alam, sosial, budaya, atau ilmiah. Explanation Text
menjelaskan proses – peroses terbentuknya suatu kejadian secara berurutan, seperti
menjelaskan bagaimana sebuah sepeda motor dibuat atau bagaimana lebah membuat madu.
2. The Purpose of Explanation Text
The purpose (tujuan) dari Explanation Text adalah to explain the processes of the forming of a social,
cultural, natural, or scientific phenomenon. Artinya, tujuan dari explanation text adalah untuk
menjelaskan proses – proses dari pembentukan suatu kejadian atau fenomena sosial, budaya,
fenomena alam, atau pun fenomena ilmiah. Jenis teks ini menjelaskan proses terjadinya suatu kejadian
secara berurutan.

3. Generic Structure of Explanation Text

Explanation Text memiliki struktur kebahasaannya sendiri. Hal inilah yang membedakan explanation
text berbeda dengan jenis teks yang lain dalam Bahasa Inggris. Berikut adalah struktur kebahasaan
(Generic Structure) dari Explanation Text:

1. General Statement
General Statement merupakan bagian pertama dalam Explanation Text yang terletak di paragraf
pertama. General Statement berfungsi untuk memberikan penjelasan umum mengenai kejadian atau
fenomena yang akan dibahas dalam teks ini. General Statement dapat berisikan pengertian dari sebuah
kejadian atau fenomena dan beberapa kalimat yang berisikan penjelasan umum mengenai kejadian
atau fenomena tersebut.

2. Sequenced of Explanation
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Sequenced of Explanation merupakan bagian selanjutnya dari explanation text dan terletak di paragraf
selanjutnya setelah paragraf General Statement. Bagian kedua atau Sequenced of Explanation
berfungsi untuk memberikan penjelasan mengapa dan bagaimana sebuah kejadianatau fenomena
dapat terjadi atau tercipta. Penjelasan tersebut berupa proses – proses dari terbentuknya kejadian
tersebut yang ditulis secara berurutan. Bagian Sequenced of Explanation ini biasanya menjawab
pertanyaan “How” dan “Why” dan dapat ditulis dalam lebih dari satu paragraf.

Ps : Dalam generic structure of explanation text, tidak ada bagian “closing”. Banyak yang
beranggapan bahwa paragraf terakhir dalam explanation text merupakan closing atrau bagian penutup
dari jenis teks ini, akan tetapi bagian terakhir dari jenis teks ini merupakan proses terakhir dari
terjadinya atau terbentuknya suatu kejadian atau fenomena.

4. Features of Explanation Text

Explanation Text memiliki beberapa ciri – ciri (Features) yang membedakan jenis teks ini dari jenis
teks dalam Bahasa Inggris yang lain. Ciri – ciri atau Features dari Explanation Text adalah sebagai
berikut:

1. Written in Present Tense (Ditulis dengan menggunakan Present Tense)

Explanation Text menjelaskan proses terbentuknya suatu kejadian atau fenomena yang biasanya
kejadian tersebut akan terjadi berulang – ulang, seperti terbentuknya hujan, terbentuknya salju,
bagaimana lebah membuat madu, dan lain sebagainya. Oleh karena itu, penulisan Explanation Text
harus ditulis menggunakan Simple Present Tense.

2. Text arranged into some numbered points and written in a sequence.

Explanation Text berisikan proses – proses terbentuknya suatu kejadian atau fenomena yang ditulis
secara berurutan dalam beberapa poin pada bagian Sequenced of Explanation.

3. Time connectives
Karena Explanation Text menjelaskan proses terjadinya suatu fenomena atau kejadian atau peristiwa,
biasanya jenis teks ini ditandai dengan adanya kata penghubung waktu yang dapat berupa first,
second, third, firstly, secondly, then, later, next, finally, atau at last.

4. Technical vocabulary
Explanation Text biasanya berisikan kosakata atau vocabulary khusus mengenai hal – hal yang
dibahas dalam teks ini. Contohnya, jika teks ini membahas mengenai bagaimana cara mobil dibuat
(How a car is made), maka beberapa contoh kosakata yang terkait yaitu engine, ignition, atau bonnet.

5. Diagrams with labels

Explanation Text biasanya dilengkapi dengan diagram dengan keterangan dari diagram tersebut yang
berfungsi untuk membantu menjelaskan hal yang dibahas dalam teks.

6. Pictures with captions

Explanation Text juga biasanya dilengkapi dengan gambar dan keterangannya yang berfungsi untuk
membantu menjelaskan hal yang dibahas dalam explanation text.

7. Answer the question of “How” and “Why”

Explanation Text biasanya berisikan jawaban dari “How” and “Why” yang dimuat dalam bagian
kedua (Sequenced of Explanation) dari teks ini.

8. Focus on the phenomenon

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Karena fungsi dari teks ini yang menjelaskan fenomena atau kejadian, maka fokus dari teks ini adalah
fenomena yang dibahas tersebut dan bukan merupakan penjelasan orang atau hal lainnya.

Contoh ke 1 Explanation Text Sample about Roman Road tentang penjelasan bagaimana jalan-roma
itu dibuat pada jamannya. Inilah salah satu contoh teks explanation bahasa Inggris tentang bagaimana
suatu hal itu dibentuk

The information on how roman roads were constructed is to give an example of explanation text
Contoh ke 2 How Chocolate is made; an Example of Explanation text kalau wacana bahasa Inggris
ini pasti semua suka. Hem ya tentang asal usul heheh coklat yang lezat. Teks ini menjawab
pertanyaan bagaiamana coklat itu diproduksi.
Explanation text about chocolate
1. General statement : A Statement which says about chocolate and how it is formed
2. Sequenced explanation : A series of explanation on how chocolate is formed before we
eat.
 Chocolate is taken from a tree. It is called cacao tree
 The caco tree produce a fruit
 Inside the fruitd are coco beans
 The beans are fermanted
 The chocolate makers roast the beans
 The roasted beans are winnowed to remove the meat nib
 The nib are blended
 The blended nibs are ground to make liquid
 The liquid is called chocolate liquor
The process of making chocolate from cocoa tree to chocolate is written for an example of explanation text
Contoh ke 3 Seasons as Example of Explanation Text tentang pertanyaan ilmiah bagaimana terjadinya musim
didunia ini. Kalau di kita ada 2 musim kemarau dan penghujan kalau di belahan bumi yang lain ada 4 musim
bagimana itu terjadi? Teks explanation yang akan menjawabnya
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Contoh ke 4 Example of Explanation Text – How a Plane Flies berikut adalah contoh explanation
yang paling terkenal untuk belajar jenis teks bahasa Inggris explanation. Pertanyaan bagaimana
pesawat terbang itu bisa terbang tinggi di udara dijelasa dengan singkat namun detil heheh. Pingin
tahu, baca ini!
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 PERTEMUAN 2
- Exercise (siswa/i menyelesaikan latihan kasus dan tugas)

AKTIVITAS PEMBELAJARAN

Untuk lebih menguasai materi pada kegiatan pembelajaran ini lakukan aktivitas sebagai berikut:
1. Secara berkelompok mulailah kegiatan dengan berdoa dan dilanjutkan dengan diskusi terkait materi
Explanation Text yang meliputi fungsi sosial, struktur teks, language feature dan pemahaman tentang
text.
2. Simpulkan hasil diskusi secara mufakat di masing-masing kelompok, apabila terjadi perbedaan
pendapat cobalah untuk mengambil jalan tengah. Anda dapat juga melibatkan narasumber untuk
mendapatkan umpan balik.
3. Sepakati satu orang sebagai wakil kelompok dalam diskusi kelas agar mendapatkan masukan dari
kelompok lain. Anggota lain turut berpartisipasi membantu wakil kelompok dalam diskusi dengan
kelompok lain.
4. Hasil diskusi antar kelompok merupakan kesepahaman dan kesepakatan bersama.
5. Setelah mempelajari fungsi sosial, struktur teks, language feature teks Eksplanation, Anda diminta
untuk mendesain pembelajaran teks Explanation.

1. LATIHAN/KASUS/DAN TUGAS
Exercise. 1
Read The Text below, Then Answer the Questions
`. A cell phone or in long term "cellular telephone' works by transmitting signals of radio to towers of
cellular. The towers are networked to a central switching station. The connection usually uses wire,
fiber optic-cables, or microwave.
Then the central switching station which handles calls in certain given area is directed connected to
the wire-based telephone system. Cellulars are pick up by the towers and relayed to another cellular
telephone user or the user of wire-based telephone network.
The towers vary in the capacity and capability to receive signals. Some can receive the signal from
short distance and the others can receive more distance. However, there are usually more than one
tower in certain given area so that the system can handle the increasing telephone traffic.
[Source;typesoftext.blogspot.com

1. What is the social function of the text ?

2. What is the generic structure of the last paragraph?
3. After reading the text, find out language features based on the following indicators!
* Generic human and non human participant
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* Sequenced of Explanation
* Time Connectives
* Simple present tense
4. What is the text about?
5. How a cell phone work is??
6. “The towers vary in the capacity and capability to receive Signal”” What is the Antonym of the
word Receive?

Exercise 2
Read the passage, then answer the questions
Tsunami

Tsunami occurs when major fault under the ocean floor suddenly slips. The displaced
rock pushes water above it like a giant paddle, producing powerful water waves at the
ocean surface. The ocean waves spread out from the vicinity of the earthquake source
and move across the ocean until they reach the coastline, where their height increases as
they reach the continental shelf, the part of the earth crust that slopes, or rises, from the
ocean floor up to the land.

A tsunami washes ashore with oftendisastrous effects such as severe flooding, loss of
lives due to drowning and damage to property.

A tsunami is a very large sea wave that is generated by a disturbance along the ocean
floor. This disturbance can be an earthquake, a landslide, or a volcanic eruption. A
tsunami is undetectable 1. Tsunami happens because ....
a. The displaced rock pushes water above it
b. A major fault under the ocean floor slips suddenly
c. The ocean waves spread out from the vicinity of the source
d. The waves moves across the ocean until they reach the beach
e. A tsunami is undectable far out in the ocean

2.What are the impact of tsunami?

a. The part of the earth’s crust that slopes,or risesfrom the ocean floor down to the land
b. A tsunami washes ashore with ofen disastous effects such as flooding and loss of lives
c. A tsunami is a very large sea wave which is not generated by a disturbance a long the
ocean floor
d. A tsunami is detectable far out in the ocean
e. Once, tsunami reaches shallow water,the wave never grows very large

1. We understand from the text that tsunami...

a. Causes the movement of the earth
b. Forms a new shape of coastline
c. Make unfortunate event
d. Rises a new coastal land
e. Displaces rocks to land

Read The passage, then answer the question

A flood is an overflow of an expanse of water that submerges land. In the sense of “ flowing water”,
the world may also be applied to inflow of the tide. Flooding may result from the volume of water
within a body of water, such as a river or lake , which overflows or break levees, with the result that
some of the water escapes its unusual boundaries.
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While the size of a lake or other body of water will vary with seasonal changes in precipitation and
show melt, it is not a significant flood unless such escapes of water endanger land areas used by man
like a village, city or other inhabited area.

Floods can also occur in rivers, when fl ow exceeds the capacity of the river channel, particularly at
bends or meanders. Flood often cause damage to homes and businesses if they are placed in natural
flood plains of rivers. While flood damage van be virtually eliminated by moving away from and
other bodies of water, since time out of mind, people have lived and worked by the water to seek the
sustenance and capitalize on the gains of cheap and easy travel and commerce by being near water.
That humans continue to inhabit areas threatened by flood damage is evidence that the perceived
value of living near the water exceeds the cost of repeated periodic flooding.

2. What should people do to avoid the loss of their business caused by the flood?
a. Live and work by the body of water
b. Place in natural flood plains of rivers
c. . Inhabit the areas threatened by flood damage
d. Move away from rivers and other bodies of water
e. Seek substance and benefit from cheap and easy

3. What is the main idea of the third paragraph?

a. People do not live by the river for some reasons
b. Floods can be found at every bend and meander of a river
c. It is wise for people to leave the flood areas for the safety reason
d. Floods happen when rivers fl ow over their capacity of waterway
e. People prefer abandon the areas near the river because of the threat of floods

4. . “……..,it is not significant flood unless such escapes of water endanger land areas used by
man…..” (paragraph 2) The underline word is closest in meaning to….
a. Ordinary d. Important
b. Intensive e. Epensive
c. Sufficient

Read The passage, then answer the question

How Does Car Engine Work?

A car can move because it has engine. Most of cars in Indonesia use gasoline to power the engine.
Have you ever imagine how does the car engine work? The car engine provides energy for the car’s
movement by converting the potential energy in gasoline and oxygen into thermal energy. Then, the
thermal energy is transformed into mechanical energy that allow the vehicle to accelerate. The
following steps will explain the whole process happened inside a car engine.
First, gasoline and air mixture is placed into a cylinder which is fitted with a piston that can move up
and down inside. After that, the piston moves up and squeezes the fuel, making it heat up. Now we
have hot air and gas waiting for a little spark to light it up. The spark plug do its part on this step,
producing an electric spark which makes the hot fuel and oxygen from the air explode, changing the
potential energy into thermal energy in the form of expanding hot gases. The hot gases push on the
piston forcing it to move up and down. These movement is converted into mechanical energy that
allow the wheel to spin.
How kite is flying
5. To power the engine most cars in Indonesia use...
a. Oxygen c. Gasoline
b. Gases d. Solar
c. Benzine
6. The first step to explain the whole process happenned inside car engine is...
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a. The piston moves up and swqueezes the fuel

b. Gasoline and air mixture is palced into cylinder which is fitted with a piston
c. Hot air and gas waiting for a little spark to light up
d. The spark plug do its part on his step
e. The hot gases push on the piston

7. “ The car engine provides energy for the car’s movement by converting the potential energy
in gasoline...” The synonym of the underlined word is...
a. Considering d. Constructing
b. Transforming e. Producing
c. Changing

Read The passage, then answer the question

A kite is an object which is made from a light material stretched over a frame. Due to its light
material a kite will lift off the ground and fly when it is tilted into the wind.
A kite is uses wind to make it fly because it is heavier than air. When wind travels over the surface of
the kite, it is split into two streams of air. One stream of the air goes over the kite while the second
stream goes under the kite.
The upper stream creates an area of low pressure above the kite. The lower stream hits the kite at a
shallow angle and creates an area of high pressure.
The high pressure area has a pushing effect while the low pressure area has a pulling effect. The
combination of push and pull can creates enough force to lift the kite into the air.
Kites have been known for thousand of years. They are used for military or scientific purposes.
Todays kites are much used for leisure and competition.

8. What is the best title of the passage...

a. How to make a kite d. How to play a kite
b. How to fly a kite e. How to push a kite
c. How to pull a kite

9. How the way to make it a kite fly in the air?

a. Just Push a kite d. Lift the kite
b. Pull the kite e. Throw the kite
c. The combination Push and pull

10. When did a kite have been known?

a. A years ago d. Hundred years ago
b. A ten years ago e. A thousand years ago
c. Fifty years ago

11. “Todays kites are much used for leisure and competition..” the antonym of the underlined
Word is....
a. Enjoy d. Chance
b. Wide e. Narrow
c. Large

Read The passage, then answer the question

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HOW a day and a night is happened

The sun seems to rise in the morning, crosses the sky during the day and sets at night. However
the sun does not actually move around the earth. Earth’s turning on its axis makes it look as if
the sun is moves.
The earth makes a complete turn on its axis for 24 hours. It is called as rotation. It causes day
and night. The earth also moves around the sun. It takes 365 days or a year. This process is
called revolution. The revolution process causes the changes of the season

12. What the topic of the passage...

a. The movement of the earth d. The movement of the Star
b. The movement of the Sun e. Movement of the Planets
c. The mevement of The moon

13. The earth moves around the sun. It takes 365 days or a year. It is called by...
a. Rotation d. Reaction
b. Revolution e. Reason
c. Reduction

 PERTEMUAN 3
- Writing (siswa/i menuliskan sebuah text dari kejadian-kejadian alam, yang baru
terjadi di Indonesia)
a. Kecelakaan pesawat Sriwijaya SJ 182
b. Banjir (Kalsel)
c. Gempa (Sulut, Mamuju)
d. Longsor (Bogor)
e. Gunung meletus (Merapi/ Sinabung)
f. Etc
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CHAPTER 8
PASSIVE VOICE

KEGIATAN PEMBELAJARAN

 PERTEMUAN 1
- Definisi Active Passive, Tenses (Present Simple, Present Progressive, Past
Simple, Past Progressive)

PASSIVE VOICE
A. Pengertian
The passive voice is used when we want to emphasize the action (the verb) and the object of a
sentence rather than subject. This means that the subject is either less important than the action itself
or that we don’t know who or what the subject is.

1. My laptop was stolen. (The object – now the subject = My laptop / action= was stolen)
1. Passive: Napa Valley is known for its excellent wines.
2. Active: [Many people] know Napa Valley for its excellent wines.
1. Passive: Twenty civilians were killed in the bomb explosion.
2. Active: Someone killed twenty civilians in the bomb explosion.
The passive agent

When we know who the subject is, we put it at the end with by. We call this an agent.
1. Passive: The Mona Lisa was painted by Leonardo Da Vinci. (agent =Leonardo Da Vinci )
2. Active: Leonaro Da Vinci painted the Mona Lisa.
Most writing instructors and editors recommend against using the passive voice, when possible. The
reason for this is that when you use the active voice, your writing is clearer and less complicated.
1. Active: While Mr. Taylor was driving down Highway 101, a police officer pulled him over
and gave him a speeding ticket.
2. Passive: While Mr. Taylor was driving down Highway 101, he was pulled over and given a
ticket by a police officer.
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If it’s a long sentence and you know who the subject is, it’s best to use the active voice.
The passive is often used to report something or to state a fact.
14. Highway 15 was closed yesterday due to a serious road accident.
15. A lot of corn is grown in Iowa.

Forming the passive voice

The passive voice is not a tense in English. Each tense has its own passive voice which is created by
using a form of the auxiliary verb to be + V3 (past participle)
The passive voice in each tense:

Auxiliary verb + sample V3 (past

Tense Examples
participle)

Wine is made from grapes.

Present simple am, is, are + made
Many cars are made in Japan.

The document is being sent right now.

Present
am, is, are + being + sent I am being sent to work in the London
progressive
office.

John was invited to speak at the

conference.
Past simple was, were + invited
We were invited to Daniel and Mary’s
wedding.

The dog was being washed when I got

Past home.
was, were + being + washed
progressive Their cars were being washed while they
were in the mall shopping.
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 PERTEMUAN 2
- Definisi Active Passive, Tenses (Future, Present Perfect, Past Perfect, Future
Ferfect dan Modal)

The contract will be signed tomorrow.

Future (will) will be + signed The documents will all be signed by next
week.

A bridge is going to be built within the next

Future (going am, is, are + going to be + two years.
to) built New houses are going to be built in our
neighborhood.

That start-up has been sold for $5 million.

Present
has, have + been + sold The rights to his book have been sold for
perfect
$250,000.

The new manager had been hired before

John left the company.
Past perfect had + been + hired
All the employees had hired before the store
opened.

The car will have been loaded by the time he

Future perfect will + have been + finished gets home.
The crates will have been loaded by then.

Modals: can, could + be + issued A passport can only be issued at the

can/could embassy.
He said the documents could be issued
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within the week.

A babysitter has to be arranged for this

have to, has to, had to + be+ evening.
Modal: have to
arranged Joan’s travel plans have to be arranged by
December.

Criminals must be stopped before they

Modal: must must + be + stopped
commit crimes.

All of the rules for passive negatives and questions are the same as for the active voice.

Note: Verbs that have no object (no one to “receive” the action) cannot be put into the passive, such
as, arrive, come, die, exist, go, happen, have, live, occur sleep, etc.
Sentences in Active and Passive Voice
Here are examples of sentences written in both the active voice and the passive voice, with the active
voice sentence appearing first:
Harry ate six shrimp at dinner. (active)
At dinner, six shrimp were eaten by Harry. (passive)
Beautiful giraffes roam the savannah. (active)
The savannah is roamed by beautiful giraffes. (passive)
Sue changed the flat tire. (active)
The flat tire was changed by Sue. (passive)
We are going to watch a movie tonight. (active)
A movie is going to be watched by us tonight. (passive)
Mom read the novel in one day. (active)
The novel was read by Mom in one day. (passive)
I will clean the house every Saturday. (active)
The house will be cleaned by me every Saturday. (passive)
The teacher always answers the students' questions. (active)
The students' questions are always answered by the teacher. (passive)
The choir really enjoys that piece. (active)
That piece is really enjoyed by the choir. (passive)
Who taught you to ski? (active)
By whom were you taught to ski? (passive)
The two kings are signing the treaty. (active)
The treaty is being signed by the two kings. (passive)
 18

The cleaning crew vacuums and dusts the office every night. (active)
Every night the office is vacuumed and dusted by the cleaning crew. (passive)
Who ate the last cookie? (active)
The last cookie was eaten by whom? (passive)
The saltwater eventually corroded the metal beams. (active)
The metal beams were eventually corroded by the saltwater. (passive)
These sentences illustrate how different the same sentence can sound when written in active or
passive voice. Generally, it's better to write in the active voice. It's clearer and more direct. Passive
voice sentences tend to be more wordy and vague but can still be useful in some situations, such as
formal or scientific writing.

 PERTEMUAN 3

Passive Voice – Exercises

Fill in the correct passive form of the verb in parentheses.

1. After the earthquake, aid was sent to the people of Haiti. (sent)

2. The electricity was cut off because the bill hadn’t been paid. (not pay)

1. Penicillin ______ by Alexander Fleming in 1928. (discover)

2. Statements ______ from all the witnesses at this moment. (take)
3. Whales ______ by an international ban on whaling. (must protect)
4. Both weddings _______ by Good Taste. (cater)
5. A Picasso ____ from the Metropolitan Museum of Art.(steal)
6. ____ this washing machine ______in Germany? (make)
7. Tea _____ in China. (grow)
8. When we reached the airport, we found that all the flights____ due to the storm. (cancel)
9. The fax _____ until tomorrow morning. (not send)
10. The soundtrack of a movie _____ always _____ after the filming is finished. (is/add)

Exercise 2

Soal Pilihan Ganda : Passive Voice

1. "Have you been informed about the exact number of victims of the airplane crash?"
"Yes, ....... to the headquarters of Garuda."
A. they are faxed
B. has faxed
C. the victims fax
 19

D. it has been faxed

E. was fax it

2. "The hotel is suffering a great loss."

"Yes, only ten perfect of their rooms ......
A. being occupied
B. occupied
C. is occupied
D. are occupied
E. they are occupied

3. “Why aren't you driving your own car?"

“It ..... “
A. has sold
B. has to sell
C. has been selling
D. has been sold
E. has to be sold

4. "Why can't I find the file on the annual report in the computer?"
"Because it .... in the hard disk."
A. was not saving
B. not saved
C. did not saved
D. not being saved
E. was not saved

5. "There was no longer a rule for the youth to enter millitary service in Britain.
Really, when .... ?"
A. was It abolishing
B. did it abolish
C. was it abolished
D. was it to be abolished
E. to be abolished

6. They had just been living in that house for two years when ..... by fire.
A. destroyed
B. had destroyed
C. was destroyed
D. be destroyed
E. was destroying

7. "Bambang looks very happy today."

"Don't you know he ..... to General Manager."
 20

A. has promoted
B. to be promoted
C. being promoted
D. has to promoted
E. has been promoted

8. "Why does the baby next door keep crying ?"

"As usual, it .... by the babysitter."
A. is neglected
B. is neglecting
C. neglect
D. is to be neglected
E. is to neglect

9. Why are the students staying outside ?

Their classroom ....
A. is being cleaned
B. being cleaned
C. was cleaned
D. is cleaning
E. cleans

10. The play I am reading ....

A. has never performed
B. never performed
C. never being performed
D. has never been perfor nimed
E. never performs

 PERTEMUAN 4

Instruction : Make some groups consist of 4 students make conclusion Passive Voice
into POWER POINT file!
 21

CHAPTER 8

MEANING THROUGH MUSIC

KOMPETENSI DASAR
3.9. Menafsirkan fungsi social dan unsur kebahasaan lirik lagu terkait kehidupan remaja
SMA/SMK/MA/MAK.
4.9. Menangkap makna secara kontekstualterkait fungsi social dan unsure kebahasaan lirik lagu terkait
kehidupan remaja SMA/SMK/MA/MAK.

KEGIATAN PEMBELAJARAN

1. TUJUAN :
Siswa dapat mengungkapkan pesan yang terkandung dalam sebuah teks berbentuk lirik lagu
dengan menunjukkan perilaku kerjasama dalam melaksanakan komuniksi fungsional.

2. INDIKATOR :

- Mengidentifikasi karakter sebuah lirik lagu.

- Menyebutkan fungsi sosial sebuah lirik lagu.
- Menjelaskan pesan yang terkandung dalam sebuah lirik lagu.
- Membuat lirik lagu dengan sebuah pesan tertentu.
- Menjawab pertanyaan berdasarkan lirik lagu.

 PERTEMUAN 1
- Instruction: Listen to the song below and find out what this song means!

MEANING THROUGH MUSIC

 22

Memories - Maroon 5
Here's to the ones that we got
Cheers to the wish you were but you're not
Cause the drinks bring back all the memories
Of everything we've been through
Toast to the ones here today
Toast to the ones that we lost on the way
Cause the drinks bring back all the memories
And the memories bring back
Memories bring back you

There's a time that I remember when I did not know no pain

When I believed in forever
And everything would stay the same
Now my heart feel like December
When somebody say your name
'Cause I can't reach out to call you
But I know I will one day
Hey

Everybody hurts sometimes, everybody hurts someday

Eh eh
Everything will be alright, go on raise a glass and say
Eh

Here's to the ones that we got

Cheers to the wish you were but you're not
 23

'Cause the drinks bring back all the memories

Of everything we've been through
Toast to the ones here today
Toast to the ones that we lost on the way
'Cause the drinks bring back all the memories
And the memories bring back
Memories bring back you

Doo do do doo

Memories bring back

Memories bring back you

There's a time that I remember when I never felt so lost

When I felt that all the hatred was too powerful to stop
Now my heart feel like an ember
And its lighting up the dark
I'll carry these torches for ya
That you know I'll never drop
Yeah

Everybody hurts sometimes, everybody hurts someday

Eh eh
Everything will be alright, go on raise a glass and say
Eh

Here's to the ones that we got

Cheers to the wish you were but you're not
'Cause the drinks bring back all the memories
Of everything we've been through
Toast to the ones here today
Toast to the ones that we lost on the way
'Cause the drinks bring back all the memories
And the memories bring back
Memories bring back you
Doo do do doo

Memories bring back

Memories bring back you
Doo do do doo

Memories bring back

Memories bring back you
Yeah yeah yeah

Memories bring back

Memories bring back you
 24

 PERTEMUAN 2

A. SONGS

 A song is a single (and often standalone) work of music intended to be sung by the
human voice with distinct and fixed pitches and patterns using sound and silence and
a variety of forms that often include the repetition of sections.(Aris on
www.artikelbelajar.com,2017)
 Understanding the social function and language features of songs to learn the words,
feelings and rhymes in songs, according to the contexts.

A. INTRODUCTION
Can you sing an English song? Is it difficult for you or not?  Singing an English song can
help us to learn English. It is a fun way.

Do you have a favorite singer? Who is he/he? Why do you like him/her? Do you like
his/her songs, too? One of the best tools to learn foreign language is using songs. The real
songs can be very efective to help us understand English.

There are some reasons why many people use songs to learn English. First, song are
authentic materials. If we want to learn English, we should listen to English songs.
Second, English songs also contain culture and history.

The reason is that song contain repetitions and repetitions enhance learning. The next
reason is it’s a good way to learn voccabulary and pronunciation. An last, English songs
are fun and they can easily energize the listeners.

Baca Juga : “Proverb and Riddle : Pengertian, Contoh,Struktur,Karakteristik,Social

Function”

B. SONGS
 25

Song have been an amusing companion for human beings for as long as or even longer
than we can speak. Songs are highly expressive. Some convey love and emotions ; some
tell a memorable and moving story; some embody one’s dreams and ideals; and some
reminisce about the golden past. Songs are abundant in themes and expressions which
will echo in the learner’s heart.

1 .  SOSIAL FUNCTION OF SONGS

The social function of song are:

a. To entertain the listeners.

b. To teach moral value through the lyrics of the songs.
c. To provide a way of managing the realitionship between our public and private
emotional life.
d. To express personal feeling and cultural values.
e. To give someone to not only shares their emotions with others, but also to have an
emotional connection that just can’t be experienced in any other way.
2.  GENERAL STRUCTURE OF SONGS
The general structure of a song consists of verse-chorus-verse-bridge-chorus. It is better
for us to learn more about the complete structure of songs.

a. Intro
The introduction establishes melodic, harmonic, and/or rhythmic related to the main body
of song.

b. Verse
It is the section of the song structure that tells the story. This is the exposition, describing
the scene or the person, or an emotion. There are usually two or three verses in a row that
have the same musical structure, the same rhyme and poetic meter, but different words.
The second verse builds on the picture painted in the first verse, etc.

c. Chorus of Refrain
A chorus is the most repeated section, so it’s the easiest remembered. A chorus is the
summary of the song’s story. All the verses have been leading up to the chorus, and is
usually the part of the song people sing along with. A chorus can come at the beginning
of the song structure; it can also start in the middle, or come at the end. In fact, some
songs don’t have choruses at all. Some people are usually confused to differentiate
between choruses and refrain. A refrain is any line that repeats in the song lyric, while a
chorus is any group of lines that repeat.

d. Break
A break is actually a brief “rest” or “pause” for the core melody within a song used to add
further dimension and excitement. It may include a quick instrumental solo or drum
interlude or it may be a brief moment of silence, or acombination of each of these
elements.

e. Bridge
This is the part of the song that shifts. It can suddenly change tempo, or volume, or
instrumentation. The bridge is the section that gives the audience time to reflect on the
story, or gives them the “climax” or conclusion of the story through verses and chorus.
Bridges can be used to give the singer a break.

f. Outro or Coda
 26

This is the end of the road for the song. It can repeat the intro, chorus or a refrain as an
outro, or a bridge with an instrumental solo.

Below Are Some Forms of Song’s Structure

Intro-verse-verse-chorus-break-verse-verse-break-bridge-break-out

Verse-chorus-verse-chorus-bridge-chorus.

3. LANGUAGE FEATURES OF SONGS

Song lyrics can appeal to emotions, and they should also appeal to the ear. It can be
assumed that different genres of songs will exhibit different styles of lyrics. The verse of
songs contains the details of the song: the story, the events, images, and emotions that the
writer wishes to express. Song are not always composed of simple sentence structure or
grammar. Lyrics are characterized by the use of rhythms, conversational speech, and
poetic expressions. The following are the leanguage features of songs.

1. Lyrics are written in first, second, or third person given on the specific perspective
you choose. Often time point of views change in lyrics, but only when needed.
2. They use rhyming words. Usually songs Verse
use1 a familiar catchy tune and rhyme. A
What about
rhyme is a linguistic style, based on consonance sunriseor similiar sound of two or more
What about rain
syllables or whole words at the end of one line; rhymes are most commonly used
What about all the things that you said
in poetry and songs. We were to gain
3. They use alliteration. It is a stylistic
What device in which
about killing fieldsa number of words, having the
same  first conconant sound, occur Isclose theretogether
a time in a series, for example: A big
bully beats a baby boy. What about all the things
4. Some songs use poetic devices, such
That you aswere
said figure of speech
yours and mineand imagery. While songs
can paint a vivid picture since they are longer mediums, imagery can be found in
just a single sentences as well. Imagery is vivid descriptive language that appeals
Chorus
Did youhearing,
to one or more of the senses (sight, ever stoptouch,semll,
to notice and taste) for example :
All the blood we’ve shed before
Her blue eyes were as bright as the sun, blue as the sky, but soft as silk. A figure of
speech is a word or phrase that Didhasyouaever stop tosomething
meaning notice different than its literal
This crying Earth, these weeping shores
meaning.
Aah, ooh
Some songs use amusing word play and slang language. A word play is the
manipulation of language (in particular, the sounds, and meanings of words) with the
Verse 2
intent to amuse; verbal wit. Salng is kind
What have we done of language consisting of very informal
to the world
words and phrases. Slang is moreLook common in speech
what we’ve done than in writing, for example:
gonna, wanna, ain’t, etc. What about all the peace
That you pledge your only son
4. IDENTIFYING SOCIAL FUNCTIONS
What aboutAND STRUCTURE
flowering fields OF ENGLISH SONG
Is there a time
WhatEarth
about Song
all the dreams
Michael Jackson
That you said was yours and mine

Chorus
Did you ever stop to notice
All the children dead from war
Did you ever stop to notice
This crying earth, these weeping shores
Aah, ooh2x
 27

Verse 3
I used to dream
I used to glance beyond the stars
Now I don’t know where we are
Although I know we’ve drifted far
Aah, ooh4x

Bridge

Hey, what about yesterday

(What about us)
What about the seas
(What about us)
The heavens are falling down
(What about us)
I can’t even breathe
(What about us)
What about apathy
(What about us)
Drowning in the seas
(What about us)
What about the promised land
Preachin’ what I believe
(What about us)
What about the holy land
(What about it)
What about the greed
(What about us)
Where did we go wrong
Someone tell me why
(What about us)
What about baby boy
(What about him)
What about the days
(What about us)
What about all their joy
Do we give a damn
Aah, ooh2x
 28

B. POETRY
 Poetry is a form of literary work that has art of language which contain aesthetic meaning.
It commonly written, read and listened. Kind language in poetry more intensely than
ordinary language. A poetry might be different interpretation of each reader about writer
means. To make a perception of a poetry, the reader must be understand some imagery of
poetry. It can earn or seen of quality and usually of a word use in poetry a word
commonly meaning so a reader must be understand and know the word.

1. KINDS OF POETRY
There are three kinds of poetry as follows:
1.Poems: a piece of writing partakes of both speech and song, usually rhythmical –
metaphorical
2.Ballads: poem that tell a story
3.Epic: narrative poem containing details of heroic deeds and even significant to a culture
national.

2. INTRINSIC ELEMENT
 Theme : tema
 Figurative : gaya bahasa
 29

 Imagery : imajinasi
 Rhyme : sajak
 Rhythm : irama
 Metter : stress and unstressed
 Message : amanat

3. DENOTATION AND CONTATION OF POETRY

 Denotation is dictionary meaning or meaning of word where are a word have a single
meaning. Denotation word can stand alone to be understand. It is a word has a suggest
beyond express, it has some meaning of one word. Example: “home” has meaning : love,
security, comfort, family, etc
 Connotation is word can’t stand alone. It must has context to understand. Connotation to
make sentences effectively, but we must think or define twice and couldn’t understand
directly.

4. IMAGERY OF POETRY
 Imagery is sense of language experience, as a representation of some meaning, so the
reader can be imagine of the poetry base on the writer mean. 

5. KIND OF IMAGERY
 Visual imagery. Example: Blue sky, Sunset
 Auditory imagery. Example: Sound of nature like wind, tress, water
 Smell imagery. Example: fragrant,
 Taste imagery. Example: sugar (sweet)
 Touch imagery. Example: soft, coarse
 Organic imagery. Example: internal sensation like hunger, thirst, fear

6. FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE
 The reason are a number of useage figurative language in poetry: Effectiveness of
language, afford imaginative pleasure, bringing additional imagery of speech into verse,
more sensuous, adding emotional intensity of speech to other wise merely information
and conveying attitudes, and a way to saying much in brief compass
 Metaphor: merupakan perumpamaan langsung terhadap suatu benda. Ex: He is sun
 Simily: perumpamaan tidak langsung. Ex: she likes a beautiful moon
 Personification: giving atributes of human being to an animal, object or an idea. Ex:
rumput yang bergoyang
 Synecdoche: use of part for whole
 30

 Metonymy: use of something related for the thing actually

7. GOOD POETRY
There consist 3 requirement of good poetry
1.Central purpose
2.How the purpose of the poetry
3.The important of the purpose

A Thousand Years
By : Christina Perri

Heart beats fast

Colors and promises
How to be brave?
How can I love when I'm afraid to fall?
But watching you stand alone
All of my doubt suddenly goes away somehow
One step closer
I have died every day waiting for you
Darling, don't be afraid
I have loved you for a thousand years
I'll love you for a thousand more
Time stands still
Beauty in all she is
 PERTEMUAN
I will be brave 3
I will not let anything take away
TASK
What's 1. standing in front of me
Every breath
Every
Read thehour
lyricshas
of come to this
this song:
One step closer
I have died every day waiting for you
Darling, don't be afraid
I have loved you for a thousand years
I'll love you for a thousand more
And all along I believed I would find you
Time has brought your heart to me
I have loved you for a thousand years
I'll love you for a thousand more
One step closer
One step closer
I have died every day waiting for you
Darling don't be afraid
I have loved you for a thousand years
I'll love you for a thousand more
And all along I believed I would find you
Time has brought your heart to me
I have loved you for a thousand years
I'll love you for a thousand more
 31

Question
1. Who sing the song ?
2. What do you think the title “A Thousand Years?” means ?
3. Do you consider “A Thousand Years? an inspirational song ? why ?
4. If you had to change the lyrics of “A Thousand Years” , which lyrics would you
change ?

TASK 2

Vocabulary Builder : Observe the song text above and write down the synonym of the
following words.
1. Beats (v) : ………………
2. Fast (adj) : ………………
3. Brave (Adj) : ………………
4. Afraid (Adj) : ………………
5. Find (vj) : ………………….
6. Fall (v) : ………………….
7. Doubt (Adj) : ………………….
8. Brought (v) : …………………
9. Waiting (v) : …………………
10. Died (v) : ………………….

Song by Cristinna Perri, taken from www.metrolyrics.com

 32

Activity 2
Read the lyrics !

LATHI
Weird Genius, Sara Fajira

I was born a fool

Broken all the rules, oh-oh

Seeing all null

Denying all of the truth, oh-oh

Everything has changed

It all happened for a reason
Down from the first stage
It isn't something we fought for

Never wanted this kind of pain

Turned myself so cold and heartless
But one thing you should know

Kowe ra iso mlayu saka kesalahan

Ajining diri ana ing lathi

Pushing through the countless pain

And all I know that this love's a bless and curse

Everything has changed

It all happened for a reason
Down from the first stage
It isn't something we fought for

Never wanted this kind of pain

Turned myself so cold and heartless
But one thing you should know

Kowe ra iso mlayu saka kesalahan

Ajining diri ana ing lathi
 33

Questions :
1. What is the meaning of the song above ?
2. Who is sing this song ?
3. What does the word “it” refer to in “Everything has changed. It all happened for a reason?
4. What moral values can we take from the song above?
5. Translate the words below !
- Denying
- Hearthless
- Bless
- Curse
- Fought

Activity 3

Fight Song

Rachel Platten

Like a small boat

On the ocean
Sending big waves
Into motion
Like how a single word
Can make a heart open
I might only have one match
But I can make an explosion

And all those things I didn't say

Wrecking balls inside my brain
I will scream them loud tonight
Can you hear my voice this time?

This is my fight song

Take back my life song
Prove I'm alright song
My power's turned on
Starting right now I'll be strong
I'll play my fight song
And I don't really care if nobody else believes
'Cause I've still got a lot of fight left in me

Losing friends and I'm chasing sleep

Everybody's worried about me
In too deep
Say I'm in too deep (in too deep)
And it's been two years I miss my home
But there's a fire burning in my bones

Still believe
Yeah, I still believe
Can you hear my voice this time?
Know I've still got a lot of fight left in me
 34

Questions :
1. What is the song about ?
2. Specify (adj), (n), and (v) in each words in the third paragraph !
3. Is the song is a sad song ? If yes, why ? If not, why ? Give the reason !
4. Retell this song according to your point of view !
5. Write the vocabulary that you don't know and write the meaning too, based on the lyrics
above ! (min 10)

Activity 4

We Shall Overcome
Pete Seeger

We shall overcome
We shall overcome
We shall overcome, some day

Oh, deep in my heart

I do believe
We shall overcome, some day

We'll walk hand in hand

We'll walk hand in hand
We'll walk hand in hand, some day

Oh, deep in my heart

I do believe
We shall overcome, some day

We shall live in peace

We shall live in peace
We shall live in peace, some day

Oh, deep in my heart

I do believe
We shall overcome, some day

We are not afraid

We are not afraid
We are not afraid, TODAY

Oh, deep in my heart

I do believe
We shall overcome, some day

The whole wide world around

The whole wide world around
The whole wide world around some day

Oh, deep in my heart

I do believe
 35

Questions :

1. What do you think is the theme of the song ?

2. Is this an inspiriting song ? does it inspire you ?
3. Do you think you can overcome all the obstacles and live in a happy and prosperous world ?
 36

Activity 1
Read this poetry !

The Little Black Boy

WILLIAM BLAKE
My mother bore me in the southern wild,

And I am black, but O! my soul is white;

White as an angel is the English child:

But I am black as if bereav'd of light.

My mother taught me underneath a tree

And sitting down before the heat of day,

She took me on her lap and kissed me,

And pointing to the east began to say. 

Look on the rising sun: there God does live

And gives his light, and gives his heat away.

And flowers and trees and beasts and men receive

Comfort in morning joy in the noonday.

And we are put on earth a little space,

That we may learn to bear the beams of love,

And these black bodies and this sun-burnt face

Is but a cloud, and like a shady grove.

For when our souls have learn'd the heat to bear

The cloud will vanish we shall hear his voice.

Saying: come out from the grove my love & care,

And round my golden tent like lambs rejoice.

Thus did my mother say and kissed me,

And thus I say to little English boy.

When I from black and he from white cloud free,

And round the tent of God like lambs we joy.

 37

Questions :
1. What is the poetry about ?
2. How many stanzas does the poetry have ?
3. Who is the main character in the poetry ?
4. Who is the second character in the poetry ?
5. What is the moral value of the poetry above ?
 38

Activity 2

The Passionate Shepherd to His Love

Christopher Marlowe
Come live with me and be my love,
And we will all the pleasures prove,
That Valleys, groves, hills, and fields,
Woods, or steeply mountain yields.

And we will sit upon the Rocks,

Seeing the Shepherds feed their flocks,
By shallow Rivers to whose falls
Melodious birds sing Madrigals.

And I will make thee beds of Roses

And a thousand fragrant posies,
A cap of flowers, and a skittle
Embroidered all with leaves of Myrtle;

A gown made of the finest wool

Which from our pretty Lambs we pull;
Fair lined slippers for the cold,
With buckles of the purest gold;

A belt of straw and Ivy buds,

With Coral clasps and Amber studs:
And if these pleasures may thee move,
Come live with me, and be my love.

The Shepherds’ Swains shall dance and sing

For thy delight each May-morning:
If these delights thy mind may move,
Then live with me, and be my love.
 39

Questions :

1. Retell the poetry with your own language !

2. Find the difficult vocabulary and write the meaning too based on the poetry above ! (min 10)
3. Find the synonym of these words !
 Flock
 Field
 Thee
 Grove
 Valley
4. How many stanzas in the poetry ?
5. Find the visual imagery of the poetry !
 40

Activity 3

When You Are Old

B. Yeats

When you are old and grey and full of sleep,

And nodding by the fire, take down this book,

And slowly read, and dream of the soft look
Your eyes had once, and of their shadows deep;

How many loved your moments of glad grace,

And loved your beauty with love false or true,
But one man loved the pilgrim soul in you,
And loved the sorrows of your changing face;

And bending down beside the glowing bars,

Murmur, a little sadly, how Love fled
And paced upon the mountains overhead
And hid his face amid a crowd of stars.

Questions :

1. What is the poetry about ?

2. Who is the writer ?
3. Who is “you” in the poetry above ?
4. Find the organic imagery based on the poetry !
41
42