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Answer:
a) Turunan pertama:
Zx = 0 -3x2 + 147 = 0
3x2 = 147
x2 = 49
x = 7 or x = -7
Zy = 0 6y2 - 54 = 0
6y2 = 54
y2 = 9
y = 3 or y = -3
b) turunan kedua:
Zxx = -6x
Jika x = 7 Zxx = -6(7)= -42 < 0 (maximum)
Jika x = -7 Zxx = -6(-7)= 42 > 0 (minimum)
Zyy = 12y
Jika y = 3 Zyy = 12(3)= 36 > 0 (minimum)
Jika y = -3 Zyy = 12(-3)= -36 < 0 (maximum)
Aplikasi dalam Ekonomi
1. Profit Maximization ( 2 products with joint cost)
Contoh:
1) Suatu perusahaan monopolis mempunyai fungsi permintaan
untuk barang x dan y sebagai berikut:
Px = 60 – 4X
Py = 51 – 2Y
Fungsi biaya gabungan kedua barang tersebut adalah:
𝑇𝐶 = 𝑋 2 + 5𝑋𝑌 + 𝑌 2 .
a) Tentukan fungsi TR dan fungsi keuntungannya
b) Tentukan kuantitas dan harga yang memaksimumkan
keuntungan
c) Tentukan besar keuntungan maksimum tersebut
Jawab:
𝑇𝑅 = 60 – 4X 𝑋 + (51 – 2Y)𝑌
= 60𝑋 − 4𝑋 2 + 51𝑌 − 2𝑌 2
𝜋 = 𝑇𝑅 − 𝑇𝐶
𝜋 = 60𝑋 − 4𝑋 2 + 51𝑌 − 2𝑌 2 − 𝑋 2 + 5𝑋𝑌 + 𝑌 2
2 2
𝜋 = 60(3) − 5 3 + 51 6 − 3 6 − 5(3)(6) = …
Example 2:
Application in Economics
2. Cross Elasticity and income elasticity
Cross price elasticity of demand c measures the relative responsiveness
of the demand for one product to changes in the price of another,
when all other variables are held constant.
Q1 = quantity of good 1
P1 = price of good 1
P2 = Price of good 2
• If the cross price elasticity is positive (> 0) substitute goods
• If the cross price elasticity is negative (< 0) complementary goods
• If the cross price elasticity is 0 (= 0) the goods are unrelated
Income elasticity of demand Ey measures the percentage change in the demand for
a good resulting from a small percentage change in income, when all other variables
are held constant.
Example:
• Given the demand function for apple is : Qa = 4850 - 5Pa + 1.5Pb + 0.1Y
Which:
Qa = quantity of apple
Pa = price of apple = 200
Pb = price of banana = 100
Y = income = 10000
Determine:
1) the income elasticity
2) the cross price elasticity of demand for apple
Answer:
Qa = 4850 - 5Pa + 1.5Pb + 0.1Y
Qa = 4850 – 5(200) + 1.5 (100) + 0.1 (10000) = 5000
𝑑𝑄1 𝑑𝑄𝑎
a) 𝑌
=
𝑌
= 0,1
Qa = 5000
Y = 10000
Ey = 0,1 (10000/5000) = 0,2 inelastic
𝑑𝑄𝑎
b) 𝑃𝑏 = 1,5
Qa = 5000