16 Tenses

1. Simple Present Tense

2. Present Continuous/ Progressive Tense
3. Present Perfect Tense
4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense
5. Simple Past Tense
6. Past Continuous Tense
7. Past Perfect Tense
8. Past Perfect Continuous Tense
9. Simple Future Tense
10. Future Continuous Tense
11. Future Perfect Tense
12. Future Perfect Continuous Tense
13. Simple Past Future Tense
14. Past Future Continuous Tense
15. Past Future Perfect Tense
16. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense

1. Simple Present Tense

Pada dasarnya, simple present tense merupakan salah satu tenses bahasa Inggris
yang sering digunakan dalam penyusunan kalimat bahasa Inggris. Pasalnya, simple
present tense ini dalam penggunaannya dapat berfungsi untuk menyatakan fakta
(termasuk fakta ilmiah), kebiasaan atau rutinitas, dan juga kejadian-kejadian yang terjadi
pada saat sekarang ini. Adapun rumus tenses bahasa Inggris yang digunakan untuk
membentuk kalimat simple present tense ini relatif sederhana, yaitu:
Kalimat Positif: S + V1 + O
Kalimat Negative: S + do not+ V1+ O / S+ does not+ V1+O
Kalimat Introgative: Do+ S+ V1? / Does+ S+ V1?
Kata Sinyal
 always, every, never, normally, often, sometimes, usually, seldom.
Kalimat Positif
 I cook in the kitchen

 Mario works in a plumbing company.

 Mario always works very hard in the company.
 Mario walks to work every day.
Kalimat Negatif
  I do not cook in the kitchen

 Mario does not work in a plumbing company.

 Mario does not always work very hard in the company.
 Mario does not walk to work every day.
Kalimat Tanya
 Do I cook in the kitchen? / Do you cook in the kitchen?

 Does Mario work in a plumbing company?

 Does Mario always work very hard in the company?
 Does Mario walk to work every day?

2. Present Continuous/ Progressive Tense

Dalam pengertiannya, present continuous tense atau yang sering kali
disebut present progressive tense ini adalah tenses bahasa Inggris yang digunakan untuk
menunjukkan sebuah tindakan atau kejadian yang sedang terjadi pada saat pembicaraan
sedang berlangsung. Selain itu, present continuous tense ini pun juga bisa digunakan
untuk membuat suatu rencana atau janji di masa depan. Rumus tenses bahasa Inggris
yang digunakan untuk membentuk kalimat present continuous tense/present progressive
tense ini adalah:
Kalimat Positif: S + to be+ Ving + O
Kalimat Negative: S + to be+ not+ Ving+ O
Kalimat Introgative: To be+ S+ Ving+ O?
Kata Sinyal
 at the moment, just now, now, right now, Listen! Look!
Kalimat Positif
 Look! He is talking with his classmates.
 The teachers are having a meeting at the moment.
 He is playing computer games now.
 You are laughing anymore.
Kalimat Negatif
 Look! He is not talking with his classmates.
 The teachers are not having a meeting at the moment.
 He is not playing computer games now.
  You are not laughing anymore.
Kalimat Tanya
 Look! Is he talking with his classmates?
 Are the teachers having a meeting at the moment?
 Is he playing computer games now?
 Are you laughing anymore?
 Is he playing computer games at the moment?
Dijawab dengan “Yes, he is.”  Atau  “No, he is not.”
3. Present Perfect Tense
Present perfect tense ini dapat dikatakan tenses bahasa Inggris yang fungsinya
adalah untuk menunjukkan suatu hasil. Pasalnya, tense yang satu ini dapat digunakan
untuk menjabarkan suatu aktivitas ataupun situasi yang telah dimulai di masa lalu, dan
telah selesai di masa lalu juga atau masih berlanjut sampai sekarang. Intinya, present
perfect tense ini berfungsi untuk menunjukkan tindakan yang masih berlangsung sejak
dimulai atau baru saja selesai. Rumus tenses bahasa Inggris yang digunakan untuk
membentuk kalimat present perfect tense adalah sebagai berikut:

Kalimat Positif: S + has/have+ V3+ O

Kalimat Negative: S + has/have+ not + V3+ O
Kalimat Introgative: Has/have (hasn’t/ haven’t) + S+ V3+ O?
Kata Sinyal
 already, ever, just, never, not yet, so far, till now, up to now.
Kalimat Positif
 He has already finished his homework.
 She has completed her assignment.
 They have eaten banana
Kalimat Negatif
 He has not already finished his homework.
 She has not completed her assignment.
 They have not eaten banana
Kalimat Tanya
 Has he already finished his homework?
 Has she completed her assignment?
 Have they eaten banana?
 Has he completed the arrangement for the coming event up to now?
Dijawab dengan “Yes, he has.” Atau “No, he has not.”

4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense

Present perfect contiunous tense atau yang juga sering disebut present perfect
progressive tense adalah salah satu tenses bahasa Inggris yang pada penggunaannya
memiliki fungsi untuk menjabarkan suatu tindakan yang telah selesai di masa lampau
atau juga bisa untuk menjabarkan suatu tindakan yang telah dimulai di masa lalu dan
masih terus berlangsung hingga sekarang. Biasanya, tindakan-tindakan yang terjabar
pada pembentukan kalimat dengan menggunakan present perfect continuous tense ini
memiliki durasi waktu tertentu dan mempunyai relevansi dengan kondisi yang ada
sekarang. Rumus tenses bahasa Inggris yang digunakan untuk membentuk
kalimat present perfect continuous tense/present perfect progressive tense  adalah sebagai
berikut:

Kalimat Positif: S + has/have+ been+ Ving+ O

Kalimat Negative: S + has/have+ not +been+ Ving + O
Kalimat Introgative: Has/have (hasn’t/ haven’t) + S+ been+ Ving+ O?
Kata Sinyal

 for the past 5 years, how long …? the whole week, since xxxx.
Kalimat Positif

 He has been working here since 1996.

 They have been waiting in the house since 2 PM.

Kalimat Negatif

 He has not been speaking for the last 3 hours.

 They have not been sleeping for days.

Kalimat Tanya

 Has he been playing the computer game all day?

Dijawab dengan “Yes, he has.” Atau “No, he has not.”
 5. Simple Past Tense
Simple past tense ini adalah kebalikan dari simple present tense, yang
mana tenses bahasa Inggris ini memiliki fungsi untuk menjabarkan suatu kejadian yang
telah terjadi di masa lampau. Karakteristik tenses bahasa Inggris ini adalah adanya time
specifier atau waktu kejadian yang jelas Jadi, ketika kita hendak membuat cerita masa
lalu, kebanyakan kalimat harus disusun dengan menggunakan tenses bahasa Inggris yang
satu ini. Rumus tenses bahasa Inggris yang digunakan untuk membentuk kalimat simple
past tense ini adalah sebagai berikut:
Kalimat Positif: S + V2+O
Kalimat Negative: S + did not/ didn’t+ V1+ O
Kalimat Introgative: Did+ S+V1+O?
Kata Sinyal
 yesterday, 2 minutes ago, in 1996, last Thursday, last night.
Kalimat Positif
 Last year, he always worked until night.
 In 1945, Indonesia declared independence.
 I just talked to Mike 2 minutes ago.
 He went to school 1 hour ago
 They ate their dinner last night
Kalimat Negatif
 Last year, he did not always work until night.
 In 1945, Indonesia did not declare independence.
 I did not just talk to Mike 2 minutes ago.
 He did not go to school 1 hour ago
 They did not eat their dinner last night.
Kalimat Tanya
 Did he always work until night, last year?
 Did Indonesia declare independence, in 1945?
 Did you just talk to Mike 2 minutes ago?
 Did he go to school 1 hour ago?
 Did they eat their dinner last night?
 Did he pay the bill yesterday?
Dijawab dengan “Yes, he has.” Atau “No, he has not.” Atau “Yes, he paid the bill yesterday”
atau “No, he did not pay the bill yesterday”.
6. Past Continuous Tense
Tenses bahasa Inggris yang satu ini sering digunakan untuk menjabarkan bahwa
suatu kejadian atau tindakan sedang terjadi pada waktu tertentu di masa lalu. Apabila kita
sering membaca sebuah cerita, di situ biasanya ada dua atau lebih kejadian berbeda di
masa lampau dan satu kejadian yang sedang menginterupsi kejadian yang lain. Nah,
kejadian yang sedang diinterupsi itulah yang mengunakan past continuous tense atau juga
yang dikenal sebagai past progressive tense. Rumus tenses bahasa Inggris yang
digunakan untuk membentuk kalimat past continuous tense/past progressive tense ini
adalah sebagai berikut:
Kalimat Positif: S + was/were+Ving+O
Kalimat Negative: S + was/were+ Ving+ O
Kalimat Introgative: Was/were (wasn’t/ weren’t) + S+Ving+O?
Kata Sinyal
 when, while, as long as, at this time yesterday.
Kalimat Positif
 He was speaking when I entered in room.
 She was sleeping when the alarm went off.
 They were hiking when it started raining.
 He was doing his homework at this time yesterday.
 She was listening when the teacher called her name.
Kalimat Negatif
 He was not speaking when I entered in room.
 She was mot sleeping when the alarm went off.
 They were not hiking when it started raining.
 He was not doing his homework at this time yesterday.
 She was not listening when the teacher called her name.
Kalimat Tanya
 Was he writing the letter to his parents when I was out last Tuesday?
Dijawab dengan “Yes, he was.” Atau “No, he was not.”
 7. Past Perfect Tense
Past perfect tense ini adalah tenses bahasa Inggris yang digunakan untuk
menunjukkan suatu kejadian yang terjadi sebelum waktu tertentu di masa lampau. Pada
dasarnya, past perfect tense ini lebih menekankan fakta ketimbang durasi. Jadi
intinya, past perfect tense ini pada penggunaannya lebih untuk menyatakan bahwa suatu
tindakan telah selesai di masa lalu, sebelum tindakan lainnya terjadi di masa lalu juga.
Rumus tenses bahasa Inggris yang digunakan untuk membentuk past perfect tense ini
adalah sebagai berikut:

Kalimat Positif: S + had+V3+ O

Kalimat Negative: S + had not+ V3+ O
Kalimat Introgative: Had/ hadn’t+ S+V3+O?
Kata Sinyal
 before yesterday, till three days ago, already, until that day.
Kalimat Positif
 He had finished his designs before he went to work yesterday.
 He had been a high school student until last year.
 He had entered the company before he achieved his master’s degree in 1990
Kalimat Negatif
 He had not finished his designs before he went to work yesterday.
 He had not been a high school student until last year.
 He had not entered the company before he achieved his master’s degree in 1990
Kalimat Tanya
 Had he finished his designs before he went to work yesterday.
 Had he been a high school student until last year.
 Had he entered the company before he achieved his master’s degree in 1990?
Dijawab dengan “Yes, he had.”  Atau  “No, he had not.”
8. Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Sama seperti past perfect tense, penggunaan past perfect continuous tense,  atau
juga dikenal sebagai past perfect progressive tense ini memiliki maksud untuk
mengungkapkan sebuah tindakan yang terjadi di masa lalu, dan telah selesai pada suatu
titik tertentu di masa lalu pula. Hanya saja, tenses bahasa Inggris ini lebih menekankan
pada durasi kejadian tersebut. Rumus tenses bahasa Inggris yang digunakan untuk
 membentuk past perfect continuous tense/ past perfect progressive tense ini adalah
sebagai berikut:
Kalimat Positif: S + had+ been+ Ving+ O
Kalimat Negative: S + had not+ been+Verbing+ O
Kalimat Introgative: Had/ hadn’t+ S+ been+ Ving+ O?
Kata Sinyal
 for, since, the whole day, all day
Kalimat Positif
 Ronaldo said that he had been working here for ten years.
 Rahma was told that her teacher had been waiting for him since 2 PM yesterday
Kalimat Negatif
 Ronaldo said that he had not been working here for ten years.
 Rahma was told that her teacher had not been waiting for him since 2 PM yesterday
Kalimat Tanya
 Ronaldo said that had he been working here for ten years?
 Rahma was told that had her teacher been waiting for him since 2 PM yesterday
 Had he been speaking for the whole class before I entered?
Dijawab dengan “Yes, he had.” Atau  “No, he had not.”