Saat mempelajari bahasa Inggris, kita pasti tidak asing dengan tenses. Apa saja tenses itu dan
bagaimana rumusnya serta contohnya? Simak uraian di bawah ini:
Contoh kalimat:
(+) I go to school every day. / Aku pergi ke sekolah setiap hari.
(-) I don’t go to school every day. / Aku tidak pergi ke sekolah setiap hari.
(?) Do you go to school every day? / Apakah kamu pergi ke sekolah setiap hari?
(+) My sister is a kindergarten student. / Adikku adalah seorang murid TK.
(-) My sister isn’t a kindergarten student. / Adikku bukan seorang murid TK.
(?) Is your sister a kindergarten student? / Apakah adikmu seorang murid TK?
Rumus:
Kalimat positif: S + to be (is, am, are) + Ving.
Kalimat negatif: S + to be (is, am, are) + not + Ving.
Kalimat tanya: to be (is, am, are) + S + Ving?
Contoh kalimat:
+) Rani is writing a letter. / Rani sedang menulis surat.
(-) Rani isn’t writing a letter. / Rani tidak sedang menulis surat.
(?) Is Rani writing a letter? / Apakah Rani sedang menulis surat?
Rumus:
Kalimat positif: S + has/have + V3.
Kalimat negatif: S + has/have + not + V3.
Kalimat tanya: Has/have + S + V3?
Contoh kalimat:
(+) I have eaten. / Aku sudah makan.
(-) I haven’t eaten yet. / Aku belum makan.
(?) Have you eaten? / Apakah kamu sudah makan?
Contoh kalimat:
(+) My sister has been running for half an hour. / Kakakku sudah sedang berlari selama setengah
jam.
(-) My sister hasn’t been running for half an hour. / Kakakku belum ada setengah jam berlari.
(?) Has your sister been running for half an hour? / Apakah kakakmu sudah sedang berlari selama
setengah jam?
Rumus:
Kalimat positif: S + V2.
Kalimat negatif: S + did not + V1.
Kalimat tanya: Did + S + V1?
Contoh kalimat:
(+) Beni washed his car yesterday. / Beni mencuci mobilnya kemarin.
(-) Beni didn’t wash his car yesterday. / Beni tidak mencuci mobilnya kemarin.
(?) Did Beni wash his car yesterday? / Apakah Beni mencuci mobilnya kemarin?
Rumus:
Kalimat positif: S + was/were + Ving.
Kalimat negatif: S + was/were + not + Ving.
Kalimat tanya: Was/were + S + Ving?
Contoh kalimat:
(+) Sinta was reading a novel at 5 p.m. this evening. / Sinta sedang membaca novel jam 5 sore tadi.
(-) Sinta wasn’t reading a novel at 5 p.m. this evening. / Sinta tidak sedang membaca novel jam 5
sore tadi.
(?) Was Sinta reading a novel at 5 p.m. this evening? / Apakah Sinta sedang membaca novel jam 5
sore tadi?
7. Past perfect tense Past perfect tense digunakan ketika kita berbicara mengenai hal atau kegiatan
yang sudah terjadi dan selesai di masa lampau.
Rumus:
Kalimat positif: S + had + V3.
Kalimat negatif: S + had + not + V3.
Kalimat tanya: Had + S + V3?
Contoh kalimat:
(+) Tom had repaired his laptop before I borrowed it. / Tom sudah memperbaiki laptopnya sebelum
aku meminjamnya.
(-) Tom hadn’t repaired his laptop before I borrowed it. / Tom belum memperbaiki laptopnya sebelum
aku meminjamnya.
(?) Had Tom repaired his laptop before I borrowed it? / Apakah Tom sudah memperbaiki laptopnya
sebelum aku meminjamnya?
Rumus:
Kalimat positif: S + had + been + Ving.
Kalimat negatif: S + had + not + been + Ving.
Kalimat tanya: Had + S + been + Ving?
Contoh kalimat:
(+) She had been working there before she moved to my office. / Dia telah sedang bekerja di sana
sebelum ia pindah ke kantorku.
(-) She hadn’t been working there before she moved to my office. / Dia belum sedang bekerja di
sana sebelum ia pindah ke kantorku.
(?) Had she been working there before she moved to my office? / Apaka dia telah sedang bekerja di
sana sebelum ia pindah ke kantorku?
Rumus:
Kalimat positif: S + will + V1. S + is/am/are + going to + V1.
Kalimat negatif: S + will + not + V1. S + is/am/are + not + going to + V1.
Kalimat tanya: Will + S + V1? Is/am/are + S + going to + V1?
Contoh kalimat:
(+) Mrs. Tari will teach us. / Bu Tari akan mengajar kita.
(-) Mrs. Tari won’t teach us. / Bu Tari tidak akan mengajar kita.
(?) Will Mrs. Tari teach us? / Apakah Bu Tari akan mengajar kita?
Rumus:
Kalimat positif: S + will + be + Ving.
Kalimat negatif: S + will + not + be + Ving.
Kalimat tanya: Will + S + be + Ving?
Contoh kalimat:
(+) I will be studying math tonight at 7 p.m. / Aku akan sedang belajar matematika malam ini jam 7.
(-) I won’t be studying math tonight at 7 p.m. / Aku tidak akan sedang belajar matematika malam ini
jam 7.
(?) Will you be studying math tonight at 7 p.m.? / Apakah kamu akan sedang belajar matematika
malam ini jam 7?
11. Future perfect tense
Future perfect tense tense digunakan untuk berbicara mengenai hal yang sudah terjadi di masa
depan.
Rumus:
Kalimat positif: S + will + have + V3.
Kalimat negatif: S + will + not + have + V3.
Kalimat tanya: Will + S + have + V3?
Contoh kalimat:
(+) The singer will have finished their world tour by next month. / Penyanyi itu akan sudah
menyelesaikan tur dunianya pada bulan depan.
(-) The singer will not have finished their world tour by next month. / Penyanyi itu belum
menyelesaikan tur dunianya pada bulan depan.
(?) Will the singer have finished their world tour by next month? / Apakah penyanyi itu akan sudah
menyelesaikan tur dunianya pada bulan depan?
Contoh kalimat:
(+) They will have been renovating their office for two months. / Mereka akan telah sedang
merenovasi kantor mereka selama dua bulan.
(-) They will not have been renovating their office for two months. / Mereka tidak akan telah sedang
merenovasi kantor mereka selama dua bulan.
(?) Will they have been renovating their office for two months? / Apakah mereka akan telah sedang
merenovasi kantor mereka selama dua bulan.
Rumus:
Kalimat positif: S + would + infinitive (V1). S + was/were + going to + infinitive (V1).
Kalimat negatif: S + would + not + infinitive (V1). S + was/were + not + going to + infinitive (V1).
Kalimat tanya: Would + S + infinitive (V1)? Was/were + S + going to + infinitive (V1)?
Contoh kalimat:
(+) I would bring my camera if I knew the view was amazing. / Aku akan membawa kameraku kalau
aku tahu pemandangannya luar biasa.
(-) I wouldn’t bring my camera if I knew the view wasn’t amazing. / Aku tidak akan membawa
kameraku kalau aku tahu pemandangannya tidak luar biasa.
(?) Would you bring your camera if you knew the view was amazing? / Apakah kamu akan
membawa kameramu kalau kamu tahu pemandangannya luar biasa?
14. Past future continuous tense
Past future continuous tense digunakan ketika kita berbicara mengenai sesuatu yang akan sedang
berlangsung di masa lampau (kita melakukan kilas balik).
Rumus:
Kalimat positif: S + would + be + Ving.
Kalimat negatif: S + would + not + be + Ving.
Kalimat tanya: Would + S + be + Ving?
Contoh kalimat:
(+) We would be watching the performance if Sari wasn’t late. / Kita akan menonton penampilannya
kalau Sari tidak terlambat.
(-) We would not be watching the performance if Sari was late. / Kita tidak akan menonton
penampilannya kalau Sari terlambat.
(?) Would they be watching the performance if Sari wasn’t late? / Apakah mereka akan menonton
penampilannya kalau Sari tidak terlambat?
Rumus:
Kalimat positif: S + should/would + have + V3.
Kalimat negatif: S + should/would + not + have + V3.
Kalimat tanya: Should/would + S + V3?
Contoh kalimat:
(+) They would have cleaned the room when their neighbors came. / Mereka akan telah
membersihkan ruangannya ketika tetangga mereka datang.
(-) They wouldn’t have cleaned the room when their neighbors came. / Mereka belum membersihkan
ruangannya ketika tetangga mereka datang.
(?) Would they have cleaned the room when their neighbors came? / Apakah mereka akan telah
membersihkan ruangannya ketika tetangga mereka datang?
Contoh kalimat:
(+) We should have been practicing our new dance. / Kami seharusnya sedang berlatih tarian baru
kami.
(-) We shouldn’t have been practicing our new dance. / Kami tidak seharusnya sedang berlatih
tarian baru kami.
?) Should they have been practicing their new dance? / Apakah mereka seharusnya sedang berlatih
tarian baru mereka?