Bab 3
Integral (anti turunan)
Contoh 1:
y = x2
y = x2 + 1 dy
y = x2 + 2 = 2x ∫2x dx = x2 + c, c konstanta real
y = x2 + c
dx
k
∫ k xn dx = n + 1 xn + 1 + c
1. dengan syarat n -1
Contoh 2:
1 1
∫ x2 dx = 2 + 1 x2 + 1 + c = 3 x3 + c
a.
2 1
∫ 2 x 3 dx = 3 + 1 x3 + 1 + c = 2 x 4 + c
b.
2. ∫ k dx= kx + c ; k suatu konstanta
Contoh 3:
a. ∫ dx = x + c
b. ∫ 3dx = 3x + c
1
∫ x dx
3. = ln x + c
4. ∫ e dx = e x + c
x
1
∫ a x dx = ln a a x + c
5.
6. ∫ sin x dx = -cos x + c
1
∫ sin ( ax + b ) dx = − a cos ( ax + b ) + c
7.
2
8. ∫ cos x dx = sin x + c
1
∫ cos ( ax + b ) dx = a sin ( ax + b ) + c
9.
Contoh 4:
1
a. ∫
sin 2x dx = 2 cos 2x + c
−
1
∫ cos ( 3 x − 1 ) dx = 3
b. sin (3x – 1) + c
c.
∫ sin 2 x dx = ∫ [ 1 1
− cos 2 x dx
2 2
1
= 2
]
1
x − sin 2x + c
4
1
[ f ( x )] n + 1 + c
10. ∫ [ f ( x ) ] f ' ( x ) dx = n + 1
n
Contoh 5:
Tentukan ∫ 2 x √ x2 − 1 dx
Jawab:
Misal f(x) = x2 – 1 f’(x) = 2x
1
∫2 x √ x 2
− 1 dx = ∫ f ' (x ) . [f ( x )] 2
dx
1
= ∫ [ f ( x )] 2
. f ' ( x ) dx
1
1 +1
1
[ f ( x )] 2
+c
1+
= 2
3
2[ 2
x − 1] 2
= 3 +c
1
∫ sin n x cos x dx = n + 1 sinn + 1 x + c
11.
−1
∫ cosn x sin x dx = n + 1 cosn + 1 x + c
12.
Contoh 6:
1
∫ sin x cos x dx = 2 sin2 x + c
a.
1
∫ cos2 x sin x dx = − 3 cos3 x + c
b.
3
INTEGRAL TERTENTU
b
∫ f (x )
Integral tertentu ditandai dengan batas-batas integral, yaitu: a dx,
(baca: integral f(x) dari a ke b). a disebut batas bawah integral dan b disebut batas
atas integral.
b
b
∫ f (x ) |
Jika F’(x) = f(x) maka a dx = F(x) a = F(b) – F(a).
Contoh 7:
2
∫ 3 x2 dx
a. 1 =
2
3 2+1
= 2+ 1 x | jalankan integralnya
1
2
3 3
= x |
3
1
2
3
= x| ubah x dg nilai batas atas (2) dikurangkan dg batas bawahnya (1)
1
= 23 – 13
= (2x2x2)-(1x1x1)
= 8 - 1
= 7
4
π
2 π
2
1
∫ sin 2x dx −
2
cos 2 x |
b. 0 = 0
=
1
2 [ ( )]
cos ( 2 . 0 ) − cos 2 .
π
2
1
[cos 0 − cos π ]
= 2
1
= 2 (1 – (-1))
= 1.
∫ f ( x ) dx
L= a
∫ g ( y ) dy
L= a
∫ [ f ( x ) − g ( x ) ] dx
L= a
5
Contoh 8:
Tentukan luas daerah yang dibatasi oleh kurva y = x2; sumbu Y dan garis y = x + 6.
Jawab :
Titik potong antara y = x2 dan y = x + 6.
x2 = x + 6 x2 – x – 6 = 0 (x – 3)(x + 2) = 0
x = 3 y = 9 (3, 9)
x = -2 y = 4 (-2, 4)
∫ ( x + 6 − x 2) dx
Luas = 0
( )
3
1 2 1
x + 6 x − x3 |
= 2 3 0
1 1
(
1 2
= 2 . 32 + 6 . 3 – 3 . 33 – 2
1
. 0 + 6 . 0 − . 03
3 )
1 1
= 4 2 + 18 – 9 – 0 = 13 2
1. DHHFJ
2. GJH
3. GUHKI
4.