#Praktikum Uji Hipotesis

#Muhammad Luthfi Idhar Muharom

#12121098

#Cara Manual

#Input

x = read.csv(“nama file.csv”) #data

xbar = mean(x) #mean sampel

mu0 #nilai hipotesis

sigma #standar deviasi populasi

n = length(x) #banyak observasi

alpha = 0.05 #taraf signifikansi

#Statistika uji (bandingkan z hitung dengan z tabel)

z = (xbar-mu0)/(sigma/sqrt(n)) #z hitung

z.lower = qnorm(alpha) #z tabel eka arah

z.upper = qnorm(1-alpha) #z tabel eka arah

z.half.alpha = qnorm(1-alpha/2) #z tabel dwi arah

z.twosided = c(-z.half.alpha, z.half.alpha)

#p-value (bandingkan p-value dengan alpha)

pval.lower = pnorm(z) #eka arah

pval.upper = pnorm(z, lower.tail = FALSE) #eka arah

pval.twosided = 2*pnorm(z) #dwi arah

#Cara Otomatis

library(TeachingDemos)

z.test(x, mu=mu0, sd=sigma,

alternative = c(“two.sided”,”less”,”greater”),

conf.level = 0.95)
#Kasus rataan tidak diketahui

#Cara Manual

#Input

x #data

xbar = mean(x) #mean sampel

mu0 #nilai hipotesis

s = sd(x) #standar deviasi sampel

n = length(x) #banyak observasi

alpha = 0.05 #taraf signifikansi

#Statistika uji (bandingkan t hitung dengan t tabel)

t = (xbar-mu0)/(s/sqrt(n)) #t hitung

t.lower = qt(alpha,df = n-1) #t tabel eka arah

t.upper = qt(1-alpha, df = n-1) #t tabel eka arah

t.half.alpha = qt(1-alpha/2, df = n-1) #t tabel dwi arah

t.twosided = c(-t.half.alpha, t.half.alpha)

#p-value (bandingkan p-value dengan alpha)

pval.lower = pt(t, df=n-1) #eka arah

pval.upper = pt(t, df=n-1, lower.tail = FALSE) #eka arah

pval.twosided = 2*pt(t, df=n-1) #dwi arah

#Cara Otomatis

t.test(x, mu=mu0, alternative = c(“two.sided”,”less”,”greater”), conf.level = 0.95)

#Uji Hipotesis rataan diketahui dan 2 buah populasi

#1. Kasus variansi 1 dan 2 diketahui

#Input

x1, x2 #data

xbar1 = mean(x1) #mean sampel x1

xbar2 = mean(x2) #mean sampel x2

mu0 #nilai hipotesis

sigma1, sigma2 #standar deviasi populasi

n1, n2 #banyak observasi

alpha = 0.05 #taraf signifikansi

#Statistika uji (bandingkan t hitung dengan t tabel)

xbar = xbar1 – xbar2

z = (xbar-mu0)/sqrt((sigma1^2/n1)+(sigma2^2/n2)) #z hitung

z.lower = qnorm(alpha) #z tabel eka arah

z.upper = qnorm(1-alpha) #z tabel eka arah

z.half.alpha = qnorm(1-alpha/2) #z tabel dwi arah

z.twosided = c(-z.half.alpha, z.half.alpha)

#p-value (bandingkan p-value dengan alpha)

pval.lower = pnorm(z) #eka arah

pval.upper = pnorm(z, lower.tail = FALSE) #eka arah

pval.twosided = 2*pnorm(z) #dwi arah

#Kasus variansi kedua populasi tidak diketahui

#2b. Kasus variansi 1 dan 2 tidak diketahui dan dianggap berbeda

#Input

x1, x2 #data

xbar1 = mean(x1) #mean sampel x1

xbar2 = mean(x2) #mean sampel x2

mu0 #nilai hipotesis

S1 = sd(x1) #standar deviasi sampel x1

S2 = sd(x2) #standar deviasi sampel x2

n1, n2 #banyak observasi

alpha = 0.05 #taraf signifikansi

#Cara Manual

df = ((S1^2/n1) + (S2^2/n2))^2/

(((1/(n1-1))*(S1^2/n1)^2)+((1/(n2-1))*(S2^2/n2)^2))

xbar = xbar1 - xbar2

t = (xbar-mu0)/(sqrt((S1^2/n1)+(S2^2/n2))) #t hitung

t.lower = qt(alpha, df) #t tabel eka arah

t.upper = qt(1-alpha, df) #t tabel eka arah

t.half.alpha = qt(1-alpha/2, df) #t tabel dwi arah

t.twosided = c(-t.half.alpha, t.half.alpha)

#p-value (bandingkan p-value dengan alpha)

pval.lower = pt(t, df=n-1) #eka arah

pval.upper = pt(t, df=n-1, lower.tail = FALSE) #eka arah

pval.twosided = 2*pt(t, df=n-1) #dwi arah

#Cara Otomatis

t.test(x1, x2, mu=mu0, var.equal=FALSE, alternative = c(“two.sided”,”less”,”greater”),

conf.level=0.95)

#Kasus rataan berpasangan

#3. Kasus Data Berpasangan

#Input

d = x1 - x2 #data

dbar = mean(d) #mean sampel

mu0 #nilai hipotesis

Sd = sd(d) #standar deviasi sampel

n = length(d) #banyak observasi

alpha = 0.05 #taraf signifikansi

#Cara Manual

t = (dbar – mu0)/(sd/sqrt(n)) #t hitung

t.lower = qt(alpha,df = n-1) #t tabel eka arah

t.upper = qt(1-alpha) #t tabel eka arah

t.half.alpha = qt(1-alpha/2) #t tabel dwi arah

t.twosided = c(-t.half.alpha, t.half.alpha)

#p-value (bandingkan p-value dengan alpha)

pval.lower = pt(t, df=n-1) #eka arah

pval.upper = pt(t, df=n-1, lower.tail = FALSE) #eka arah

pval.twosided = 2*pt(t, df=n-1) #dwi arah

#Cara Otomatis

t.test(x1, x2, mu=mu0, paired=T, alternative = c(“two.sided”,l”less”,”greater”), conf.level=0.95)

#Uji Hipotesis 1 variansi

#Variansi satu populasi

#Input

x #data

sigma0 #nilai hipotesis

S = sd(x) #standar deviasi sampel x

n = length(d) #banyak observasi

alpha = 0.05 #taraf signifikansi

#Cara Manual (Bandingkan chi hitung dan chi tabel)

chi = (n-1)*S^2/sigma0 #chi hitung

chi.lower = qchisq(alpha, df=n-1) #chi tabel eka arah

chi.upper = qchisq(1-alpha, df=n-1) #chi tabel eka arah

chi.half.alpha = qchisq(1-alpha/2, df=n-1) #chi tabel dwi arah

chi.twosided = c(-chi.half.alpha, chi.half.alpha)

#P-value (bandingkan p-value dengan alpha)

pval.lower = pchisq(chi, df=n-1) #eka arah

pval.upper = pchisq(chi, df=n-1, lower.tail = FALSE) #eka arah

pval.twosided = 2*pchisq(chi, df=n-1) #dwi arah

#Cara Otomatis

library(TeachingDemos)

sigma.test(x, sigma=sqrt(sigma0), alternative = c(“two.sided”, “less”, “greater”), conf.level = 0.95)

#Uji Hipotesis variansi 2 populasi

#Variansi satu populasi

#Input

x1, x2 #data

S1 = sd(x1) #standar deviasi sampel x1

S2 = sd(x2) #standar deviasi sampel x2

n1 = length(x1) #banyak observasi x1

n2 = length(x2) #banyak observasi x2

alpha = 0.05 #taraf signifikansi

#Cara Manual (Bandingkan F hitung dan F tabel)

F = S1^2/S2^2 #F hitung

F.lower = qf(alpha, n1-1, n2-1) #chi tabel eka arah

F.upper = qf(1-alpha, n1-1, n2-1) #chi tabel eka arah

F.half.alpha = qf(1-alpha/2, n1-1, n2-1) #chi tabel dwi arah

F.twosided = c(-F.half.alpha, F.half.alpha)

#P-value (bandingkan p-value dengan alpha)

pval.lower = pf(F, n1-1, n2-1) #eka arah

pval.upper = pf(F, n1-1, n2-1, lower.tail = FALSE) #eka arah

pval.twosided = 2*pf(F, n1-1, n2-1) #dwi arah

#Cara Otomatis

var.test(x1, x2, ratio = 1, alternative = c(“two.sided”, “less”, “greater”), conf.level = 0.95)

#Uji Kenormalan

x<-c(5.6,5.4,4.3,7.4,5,6.67,6.3,4.8,

7.62,4.56,6.43,5.5) #input data

ks.test(x,"pnorm") #pnorm=distribusi normal

> ks.test(x,"pnorm") #pnorm=distribusi normal

One-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test

data: x

D = 0.99999, p-value = 3.331e-16

alternative hypothesis: two-sided

#Uji Hipotesis uji kebebasan

> x<-c(27,13,35,15,33,27,25,25)

> (s<-matrix(x,3,4))

[,1] [,2] [,3] [,4]

[1,] 27 35 33 25

[2,] 13 15 27 25

> chisq.test(s)

Pearson's Chi-squared test

data: s
X-squared = 5.7292, df = 3, p-value = 0.1256