BAHAGIAN A / SECTION A

1 Antara proses berikut, yang manakah akan berlaku
ketika proses menarik nafas? / Which of the following
processes occurs during inhalation?
A Diafragma mendatar
Diaphragm flattens
B Sangkar rusuk bergerak ke atas dan ke dalam
Rib cage moves upwards and inwards
C Tekanan dalam rongga toraks bertambah
Pressure in thoracic cavity increases
D Isi padu dalam rongga toraks berkurang
Volume in thoracic cavity decreases
2 Rajah 1 menunjukkan bahagian dalam sistem
respirasi manusia.
Diagram 1 shows part of the human respiratory system.
5 Rajah 2 menunjukkan seekor serangga. Sistem
pernafasan serangga serangga ini adalah melalui
organ / Diagram 2 shows an insect. The insect
respiratory system is through the organ of
Rajah 2 / Diagram 2
A peparu / lungs
B trakea / trachea
C sel membran / membrane cell
D alveolus / alveolus

X 6 Apakah yang diwakil oleh kapas dalam Rajah 3?

What is represented by cotton in Diagram 3?

Rajah 1 / Diagram 1
Apakah X? / What is X?
A Bronkus / Bronchus
B Trakea / Trachea Kapas lembap
C Bronkiol / Bronchiole
Moist cotton wool
D Alveolus / Alveolus Rajah 3 / Diagram 3
A Trakea / Trachea
3 Di manakah berlakunya pertukaran gas oksigen dan
B Bronkus / Bronchus
karbon dioksida? / Where does the exchange of oxygenand C Peparu / Lungs
carbon dioxide occur? D Diafragma / Diaphragm
A Rusuk / Rib cage
B Alveolus / Alveolus 7 Apakah Y? / What is Y?
C Bronkus / Bronchus
D Diafragma / Diaphragm

4 Antara penyakit berikut, yang manakah

tidak berkaitan dengan sistem respirasi? Y
Which of the following diseases is not related to the
respiratory system?
A Asma / Asthma
B Kanser peparu / Lung cancer Rajah 4 / Diagram 4
C Emfisema / Emphysema A Stoma / Stomata
D Anaemia / Anaemia B Sel pengawal / Guard cell
C Nukleus / Nucleus
D Mitokondria / Mitochondria
8. Antara berikut, yang manakah 10.
tidak berlaku ketika mekanisme
penarikan nafas manusia?
A Otot interkosta luar mengendur
External intercostal muscle relax
B Diafragma mendatar
Diaphragm flattened
C Isi padu rongga toraks bertambah
Volume of the thoracic cavity increases
D Tulang rusuk bergerak ke atas dan ke luar
Ribs move upward and outward

9. Antara struktur tumbuhan berikut, yang

manakah terlibat di dalam pertukaran gas?
Which of the following structure of plant
is involved in gaseous exchange?
A Kloroplas / Chloroplast
B Vakuol / Vacuole
C Stoma / Stomata
D Dinding sel / Cell wall

BAHAGIAN B / SECTION B

1. Rajah di bawah menunjukkan pertukaran gas di dalam alveolus.

The diagram below shows the gas exchange in alveolus.

a) Berdasarkan rajah di atas, isi ruang kosong dengan perkataan yang diberikan.
Based on the diagram above, fill in the space by word given.

[2 markah / 2 marks]
b) Lengkapkan carta alir berikut untuk menunjukkan proses penarikan nafas masuk ke dalam
peparu.
Complete the following flow chart to show inhalation process enters the lungs.

[2 markah / 2 marks]

2. Rajah di bawah menunjukkan sebahagian daripada sistem respirasi

The diagram below shows a part of the human respiratory system.

a) Labelkan struktur P dan R dengan menggunakan perkataan yang diberi di bawah.

Label structures P and R by using the words given below.

[2 markah / 2 marks]

b) Bulatkan dua struktur yang dipadankan dengan fungsi yang betul.

Circle two structures that are matched with the correct functions.

[2 markah / 2 marks]
BAHAGIAN C / SECTION C

3. a) Berikan tiga contoh gas di dalam udara sedutan yang memudaratkan sistem respirasi
manusia.
Give three examples of gases in inhaled air that jeopardise the human respiratory system.
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[3 markah / 3 marks]

b) Udara sedutan mungkin mengandungi bahan-bahan yang boleh memudaratkan sistem

pernafasan manusia. Nyatakan kesan bahan-bahan berikut kepada sistem respirasi.
Inhaled air might contain substances which can harm the human respiratory system. State
the effect of the following substances towards respiratory system.

Karbon monoksida / Carbon monoxide

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Tar rokok /Cigarette tar

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Sulfur dioksida / Sulphur dioxide

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[3 markah / 3 marks]

c) Situasi di bawah menunjukan keadaan jerebu di bandar Y.

The situation below shows a hazard in city Y.

Hasilkan topeng penapis udara dengan menggunakan tisu, pita pelekat dan gelang getah.
Lukis dan labelkan di dalam ruang di bawah.
Produce air filter mask by using tissues, seal tape and rubber band. Draw and label in the
space below.

[2 markah / 2 marks]
4. a) Rajah di bawah menunjukkan organ respirasi manusia.
The diagram below shows the human respiratory organs.

Diafragma merupakan organ respirasi. Diafragma berfungsi untuk mengubah tekanan

udara dalam rongga toraks dengan menambah atau mengurangkan isi padu toraks.
Apakah fungsi lain diafragma?
The diaphragm is a respiratory organ. The diaphragm changes the air pressure in
the thoracic cavity by increasing or decreasing the volume of the thoracic cavity. What
is the other function of the diaphragm?
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[2 markah / 2 marks]

b) Rajah di bawah menunjukkan struktur epiglotis.

The diagram below shows the structure of the epiglottis.

Epiglotis
Epiglottis
Esofagus
Esophagus

Epiglotis ialah suatu kepingan rawan pada pangkal lidah yang menutupi bukaan trakea
semasa menelan. Apakah pendapat anda tentang fungsi epiglotis?
The epiglottis is a flap of cartilage at the root of the tongue, which covers the opening of the
trachea during swallowing. What is your opinion on the function of the epiglottis?
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[2 markah / 2 marks]
c) Rajah di bawah menunjukkan pergerakan udara ketika menarik nafas.
The diagram below shows the movement of air during inhalation.

udara
air

Semasa menarik nafas, kita menyedut pelbagai jenis gas, termasuk oksigen. Apakah yang
berlaku kepada gas-gas yang tidak digunakan oleh badan kita? Berikan contoh-contoh gas
tersebut.
During inhalation, we breathe in many types of gases, including oxygen. What happens
to the gases that the body does not use? Give examples of these gases.
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[2 markah / 2 marks]
d) Foto di bawah menunjukkan sejenis penyakit sistem respirasi.
The photo below shows a disease of the respiratory system.

Emfisema peparu berlaku akibat pertumbuhan yang tidak normal pada sel-sel yang melapisi
salur-salur udara halus di dalam peparu, menyebabkan salur-salur udara tersebut tersumbat.
Apakah kesan kejadian tersebut terhadap kesihatan manusia? Bincangkan.
Lung emphysema happens as a result of abnormal growth of the cells that line the tiny air
channels in the lungs, causing these channels to become blocked. What is the effect of this
on human health? Discuss.
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[2 markah / 2 marks]