(b) Fill in the boxes to show the pathway of air from the nasal cavity to the
alveolus. Lengkapkan kotak-kotak di bawah untuk menunjukkan laluan udara
dari rongga hidung ke alveolus.
The liason between the breathing components to control the thoracic cavity is
called..
2.
Udara dari luar masuk dan keluar daripada paru-paru kerana perubahan
Y:
X: .
(b) The wall of the alveolus is moist and thin. How does this help in the
gaseous exchange?
Dinding alveolus adalah lembap dan nipis. Bagaimanakah ciri ini dapat
membantu dalam portukaran gas?
...
(c) State the characteristic of the alveoli in increasing its surface area for the
exchange of gases. Nyatakan ciri alveolus yang menambahkan luas
permukaannya untuk pertukaran gas.
..
ARAS SEDERHANA
(c) State what happens when oxygenated blood reaches body cells which do
not have enough oxygen.
Nyatakan apa yang akan berlaku apabila darah beroksigen sampai ke sel-sel
badan yang tidak mempunyai oksigen yang mencukupi.
..
Explain what happens to someone who spends long time at the bus station
where there are many buses with running engine?
..
6. Complete Table 1 by listing two air pollutants from each source given
which are harmful to the human respiratory system.
Lengkapkan Jadual 1 dengan menyenaraikan dua bahan pencemar
udara yang berbahaya kepada sistem respirasi manusia daripada setiap
sumber yang diberikan.
d) Indeks Pencemaran Udara diukur sebanyak 300 IPU di kawasan Lembah
Kelang dan Selangor. Berikan sebab berlakunya pencemaran sebegini teruk
dan cadangkan dua langkah yang boleh membantu rakyat kawasan tersebut
menghadapi situasi sebegini
Air Pollution Index has been recorded to reach 300 API in the region of Klang
Valley and Kuala Selangor. State the reason for such pollution and suggest
two steps can be taken by the surrounding people to handle the situation
..
..
(c) (i) What is the colour of the bicarbonate indicator solution at the
beginning of the experiment?
Apakah warna larutan penunjuk bikarbonat pada permulaan
eksperimen?
.
e) Kandungan apakah yang terdapat dalam asap rokok dan tar membawa
punca kepada tercetusnya sel kanser ?
What is the content in the smoke and tar that causes cancer cells to
form ?
8
9 (a) The table below shows the comparisons of air components in two
situations.
Jadual di bawah menunjukkan perbandingan komponen udara dalam dua
situasi.
Why is there a difference in the percentage composition of air in the two
situations?
..
(b) The diagram below shows that gaseous exchange takes place between an
alveolus and a blood capillary.
Rajah di bawah menunjukkan pertukaran gas-gas yang berlaku antara
alveolus dengan kapilari darah.
P:
Q:..
(c) The diagram below shows that a man wears a mask when he goes out
during a haze.
Rajah di bawah menunjukkan seorang lelaki memakai topeng apabila keluar
rumah sewaktu cuaca berjerebu.
What will be the effect on his lungs if he forgets to wear the mask?
Apakah kesan ke atas peparu jika dia terlupa untuk memakai topeng itu?
(a) A pregnant woman decides to stop smoking after seeing the poster. Do
you agree with h decision? Justify your opinion with supported
evidences.
.. [3 marks] [ 3
markah]
(b)Encik Zulkifli has been suffering from asthma since young. Suggest
how he can prevent the problem from getting worse.
[ 2
marks] [ 2 markah]
(c) Smoking is a major risk factor for heart diseases. The effects can be
serious when combined with other risk factors such as unhealthy
eating habits. The diagram below shows a smoker enjoying fast food in
a restaurant. Explain the negative impacts that will occur in the long
term if this habit is prolonged.
[3 marks]
..