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HUBUNGAN DUKUNGAN KELUARGA DENGAN TINGKAT STRES
PADA LANSIA YANG MENGALAMI HIPERTENSI DI POSYANDU

LANSIA KELURAHAN JATIMULYO KECAMATAN LOWOKWARU
KOTA MALANG
TUGAS AKHIR
Untuk Memenuhi Persyaratan

Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana Keperawatan
Oleh:
Ahmad Alfian Zein Muttaqin
NIM. 135070207131003
PROGRAM STUDI ILMU KEPERAWATAN

FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN
UNIVERSITAS BRAWIJAYA
MALANG
2017
HALAMAN PENGESAHAN
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DAFTAR ISI
Halaman
Judul ......................................................................................................................
Halaman Persetujuan ............................................................................................
Kata Pengantar ......................................................................................................
Daftar Isi ................................................................................................................
BAB I PENDAHULUAN
1.1 Latar Belakang .......................................................................................... 1
1.2 Rumusan Masalah .................................................................................... 5
1.3 Tujuan Penelitian ...................................................................................... 5
1.3.1 Tujuan Umum .................................................................................... 5
1.3.2 Tujuan Khusus .................................................................................. 6
1.4 Manfaat Penelitian .................................................................................... 6
1.4.1 Manfaat Teoritis ................................................................................. 6
1.4.2 Manfaat Praktis.................................................................................. 7
BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA
2.1 Lansia ....................................................................................................... 8
2.1.1 Definisi Lansia ................................................................................... 8
2.1.2 Teori Proses Penuaan ....................................................................... 8
2.1.3 Tugas Perkembangan Lansia ............................................................ 10
2.2. Stress ..................................................................................................... 10
2.2.1 Definisi Stress .................................................................................. 10
2.2.2 Efek stress psikologis dan fisiologis ................................................... 11
2.2.3 Klasifikasi Stres ................................................................................. 13
2.2.4 Pengukuran Stres pada Lansia.......................................................... 13
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2.2.5 Sumber-Sumber Stres ....................................................................... 14
2.2.6 Patofisiologi stress menyebabkan hipertensi ..................................... 14
2.2.7 Gejala Stres pada Lansia .................................................................. 15
2.2.8 Cara Mengatasi Stres ........................................................................ 17
2.3 Hipertensi.................................................................................................. 17
2.3.1 Definisi hipertensi .............................................................................. 17
2.3.2 Klasifikasi Hipertensi Berdasarkan Penyebab .................................... 18
2.3.3 Gejala Klinis Hipertensi...................................................................... 21
2.3.4 Faktor Resiko Hipertensi pada Lansia ............................................... 21
2.3.5 Cara Mengatasi Hipertensi pada Lansia ............................................ 23
2.4 Konsep Dukungan Keluarga ..................................................................... 24
2.4.1 Pengertian Dukungan Keluarga ......................................................... 24
2.4.2 Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Dukungan Keluarga ............................... 25
2.4.3 Komponen Dukungan Keluarga ......................................................... 27
2.4.4 Tugas Keluarga di Bidang Kesehatan................................................ 28
BAB III KERANGKA KONSEP DAN HIPOTESIS PENELITIAN
3.1 Kerangka Konsep ..................................................................................... 29
3.2 Hipotesis Penelitian .................................................................................. 31
BAB IV METODE PENELITIAN
4.1 Desain Penelitian ...................................................................................... 32
4.2 Populasi dan Sampel Penelitian ................................................................ 32
4.2.1 Populasi Penelitian ............................................................................ 32
4.2.2 Sampel Penelitian.............................................................................. 32
4.2.3 Sampling ........................................................................................... 33
4.2.4 Kriteria Inklusi .................................................................................... 33
4.2.5 Kriteria Eksklusi ................................................................................. 33
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4.3 Variabel Penelitian .................................................................................... 34
4.4 Variabel Independent (bebas) ................................................................... 34
4.5 Variabel Dependent (Tergantung) ............................................................. 34
4.6 Lokasi dan Waktu Penelitian ..................................................................... 34
4.7 Bahan dan Alat Penelitian ......................................................................... 34
4.7.1 Instrumen Penelitian .......................................................................... 34
4.7.2 Uji Validitas dan Reliabilitas ............................................................... 36
4.8 Definisi Operasional .................................................................................. 37
4.9 Prosedur Penelitian ................................................................................... 41
4.10 Metode Pengumpulan Data..................................................................... 42
4.10.1 Pre Analisis & Analisa Data ............................................................. 44
4.11 Etika Penelitian ....................................................................................... 46
BAB V HASIL PENELITIAN DAN ANALISIS DATA
5.1 Hasil Penelitian ......................................................................................... 49
5.1.1 Karakteristik Lokasi Penelitian ........................................................... 49
5.2 Analisis Data Univariat .............................................................................. 50
5.2.1 Karakteristik Responden.................................................................... 50
5.2.1.1 Karakteristik Responden Berdasarkan Jenis Kelamin ..................... 50
5.2.1.2 Karakteristik Responden Berdasarkan Usia .................................... 51
5.2.1.3 Karakteristik Responden Berdasarkan Pekerjaan .......................... 51
5.2.1.4 Karakteristik Responden Berdasarkan Tingkat Pendidikan ............. 52
5.2.1.5 Karakteristik Responden Berdasarkan Status Pernikahan .............. 52
5.3 Analisis Data Dukungan Keluarga ............................................................. 53
5.3.1 Analisis Data Dukungan Keluarga .................................................... 53
5.4 Analisis Dukungan Keluarga Berdasarkan Empat Aspek Dukungan ......... 53
5.5 Analisis Data Tingkat Stres ....................................................................... 56
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5.6 Analisis Bivariat......................................................................................... 57
5.6.1 Analisis Hubungan Dukungan Keluarga dengan Tingkat Stres .......... 57
BAB VI PEMBAHASAN
6.1 Dukungan Keluarga pada Lansia Penderita Hipertensi di Posyandu

Lansia Kelurahan Jatimulyo Kecamatan Lowokwaru Kota Malang ........... 59
6.2 Stres pada Lansia Dengan Hipertensi di Posyandu Lansia Kelurahan

Jatimulyo Kecamatan Lowokwaru Kota Malang ....................................... 63
6.3 Hubungan Dukungan Keluarga dengan Tingkat Stres di Posyandu

Lansia Kelurahan Jatimulyo Kecamatan Lowokwaru Kota Malang .......... 66
6.4 Implikasi Penelitian dalam Profesi Keperawatan ....................................... 68
6.5 Keterbatasan Penelitian ............................................................................ 68
BAB VII PENUTUP
7.1 Kesimpulan ............................................................................................... 70
7.2 Saran ........................................................................................................ 70
DAFTAR PUSTAKA .............................................................................................. 72
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DAFTAR GAMBAR
Tabel Klasifikasi Hipertensi .................................................................................... 20
Gambar 1. Kerangka Konsep ................................................................................ 30
Tabel 2. Definisi Operasional ................................................................................. 39
Gambar 4.1 Prosedur Penelitian ............................................................................ 42
Tabel 5.1 Distribusi Frekuensi Responden Dukungan Keluarga ......................... 54
Tabel 5.2 Distribusi Frekuensi Responden Berdasarkan Aspek Dukungan

Informasi Keluarga pada Lansia Stres dengan Hipertensi di posyandu
lansia Kelurahan Jatimulyo Kecamatan Lowokwaru Kota Malang ....... 55

Penghargaan Keluarga pada Lansia Stres dengan Hipertensi di
Posyandu Lansia Kelurahan Jatimulyo Kecamatan Lowokwaru Kota
Malang ................................................................................................ 55

Instrumental Keluarga pada Lansia Stress dengan Hipertensi di
Malang ............................................................................................... 56

Emosional Keluarga pada Lansia Stress dengan Hipertensi di
Malang ............................................................................................... 56
Tabel 5.6 Distribusi Frekuensi Responden Berdasarkan Tingkat Stres pada

lansia di Posyandu Lansia Kelurahan Jatimulyo Kecamatan
Lowokwaru Kota Malang ..................................................................... 57
Tabel 5.7 Tabulasi Silang Data Dukungan Keluarga Dengan Tingkat Stress
pada Lansia Diposyandu Lansia Kelurahan Jatimulyo Kecamatan
Lowokwaru Kota Malang .................................................................... 58
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DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Lampiran 1. Pernyataan Keaslian Tulisan .............................................................. 79
Lampiran 2. Surat Keterangan Kelaikan Etik.......................................................... 80
Lampiran 3. Penjelasan untuk Mengikuti Penelitian ............................................... 81
Lampiran 4. Surat Persetujuan Menjadi Responden (Informed Concent) ............... 83
Lampiran 5. Kisi-Kisi Instrumen Penelitian ............................................................. 84
Lampiran 6. Kuisioner Dukungan Keluarga ........................................................... 85
Lampiran 7. Kuisioner Tingkat Stress .................................................................... 88
Lampiran 8. Tabel Penilaian Dukungan Keluarga pada Pasien Stress di

Malang ............................................................................................. 90
Lampiran 9. Tabel Penilaian Tingkat Stress Pada Pasien Hipertensi di Kelurahan

Jatimulyo Kecamatan Lowokwaru Kota Malang ................................ 93
Lampiran 10. Uji Statistik Hubungan Dukungan Keluarga dengan Tingkat Stress . 95
Lampiran 11. Uji Statistik Hubungan Empat Dimensi Dukungan Keluarga dengan
Tingkat Stres ..................................................................................... 96
Lampiran 12. Lembar Konsultasi Tugas Akhir ........................................................ 98
Lampiran 13. Surat Keterangan Telah Melakukan Penelitian ................................ 100
Lampiran 14. Time Table ....................................................................................... 101
Lampiran 15. Curiculum Vitae ................................................................................ 102
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HUBUNGAN DUKUNGAN KELUARGA DENGAN TINGKAT STRES

PADA LANSIA YANG MENGALAMI HIPERTENSI DI POSYANDU

Untuk Memenuhi Persyaratan

PROGRAM STUDI ILMU KEPERAWATAN

Halaman Persetujuan ............................................................................................

Kata Pengantar ......................................................................................................

Daftar Isi ................................................................................................................

1.1 Latar Belakang .......................................................................................... 1

1.2 Rumusan Masalah .................................................................................... 5

1.3 Tujuan Penelitian ...................................................................................... 5

1.3.1 Tujuan Umum .................................................................................... 5

1.3.2 Tujuan Khusus .................................................................................. 6

1.4 Manfaat Penelitian .................................................................................... 6

1.4.1 Manfaat Teoritis ................................................................................. 6

1.4.2 Manfaat Praktis.................................................................................. 7

BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA

2.1 Lansia ....................................................................................................... 8

2.1.1 Definisi Lansia ................................................................................... 8

2.1.2 Teori Proses Penuaan ....................................................................... 8

2.1.3 Tugas Perkembangan Lansia ............................................................ 10

2.2. Stress ..................................................................................................... 10

2.2.1 Definisi Stress .................................................................................. 10

2.2.2 Efek stress psikologis dan fisiologis ................................................... 11

2.2.3 Klasifikasi Stres ................................................................................. 13

2.2.4 Pengukuran Stres pada Lansia.......................................................... 13

2.2.6 Patofisiologi stress menyebabkan hipertensi ..................................... 14

2.2.7 Gejala Stres pada Lansia .................................................................. 15

2.2.8 Cara Mengatasi Stres ........................................................................ 17

2.3.1 Definisi hipertensi .............................................................................. 17

2.3.2 Klasifikasi Hipertensi Berdasarkan Penyebab .................................... 18

2.3.3 Gejala Klinis Hipertensi...................................................................... 21

2.3.4 Faktor Resiko Hipertensi pada Lansia ............................................... 21

2.3.5 Cara Mengatasi Hipertensi pada Lansia ............................................ 23

2.4 Konsep Dukungan Keluarga ..................................................................... 24

2.4.1 Pengertian Dukungan Keluarga ......................................................... 24

2.4.2 Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Dukungan Keluarga ............................... 25

2.4.3 Komponen Dukungan Keluarga ......................................................... 27

2.4.4 Tugas Keluarga di Bidang Kesehatan................................................ 28

BAB III KERANGKA KONSEP DAN HIPOTESIS PENELITIAN

3.1 Kerangka Konsep ..................................................................................... 29

3.2 Hipotesis Penelitian .................................................................................. 31

BAB IV METODE PENELITIAN

4.1 Desain Penelitian ...................................................................................... 32

4.2 Populasi dan Sampel Penelitian ................................................................ 32

4.2.1 Populasi Penelitian ............................................................................ 32

4.2.2 Sampel Penelitian.............................................................................. 32

4.2.3 Sampling ........................................................................................... 33

4.2.4 Kriteria Inklusi .................................................................................... 33

4.2.5 Kriteria Eksklusi ................................................................................. 33

4.4 Variabel Independent (bebas) ................................................................... 34

4.5 Variabel Dependent (Tergantung) ............................................................. 34

4.6 Lokasi dan Waktu Penelitian ..................................................................... 34

4.7 Bahan dan Alat Penelitian ......................................................................... 34

4.7.1 Instrumen Penelitian .......................................................................... 34

4.7.2 Uji Validitas dan Reliabilitas ............................................................... 36

4.8 Definisi Operasional .................................................................................. 37

4.9 Prosedur Penelitian ................................................................................... 41

4.10 Metode Pengumpulan Data..................................................................... 42

4.10.1 Pre Analisis & Analisa Data ............................................................. 44

4.11 Etika Penelitian ....................................................................................... 46

BAB V HASIL PENELITIAN DAN ANALISIS DATA

5.1 Hasil Penelitian ......................................................................................... 49

5.1.1 Karakteristik Lokasi Penelitian ........................................................... 49

5.2 Analisis Data Univariat .............................................................................. 50