Fungsi f(x) = -6.7665E-09 x4 + -2.6689E-06 x3 + 0.

00012748

Cari 3 akar persamaan lainnya

Metode Bisection
Nilai Relatif error 0,2%

єA = 0.20%

Xl = 0
Xu = 29

f(0) = 0 + 0 + 0 + -0.019

f(0) = -0.0185

f(29) = 0.00 + -0.07 + 0.11 - -0.019

f(29) = 0.01883

f(0). f(29) = -0.0003 Ada Akar Persamaan

Xl + Xu
Xm =
2

0 + 29
Xm =
2

Xm = 14.5

Metode Bisection

Iteration Xl Xu I Єa I
Xm f (Xl) f (Xu) f (Xm) %

1 0 29 14.5 -0.01851 0.019 -0.00014 100%

2 14.5 29 21.75 -0.00014 0.019 0.01282 33.33%

3 14.5 21.75 18.125 -0.00014 0.013 0.00675 20%

4 14.5 18.125 16.3125 -0.00014 0.007 0.00335 11.11%

5 14.5 16.3125 15.41 -0.00014 0.003 0.00161 5.88%

6 14.50 15.41 14.95 -0.00014 0.002 0.00074 3.03%

7 14.50 14.95 14.73 -0.00014 0.001 0.00030 1.54%

8 14.50 14.73 14.61 -0.00014 0.000 0.00008 0.78%

9 14.50 14.61 14.56 -0.00014 0.000 -0.00003 0.39%

10 14.56 14.61 14.58 -0.00003 0.000 0.00002 0.19%

 x2 + -0.018507 = 0

Mencari x =0 - 29

X f(x)
0 -0.01851
0.02500
1 -0.01838
2 -0.01802 0.02000
3 -0.01743 0.01500
4 -0.01664 0.01000
5 -0.01566
0.00500

Axis Title
6 -0.01450
0.00000
7 -0.01319 0 5 10 15 20
8 -0.01174 -0.00500
9 -0.01017 -0.01000
10 -0.00850 -0.01500
11 -0.00673
-0.02000
12 -0.00490
13 -0.00302 -0.02500
14 -0.00110 Axis Title
15 0.00083
16 0.00275
17 0.00466
18 0.00652
19 0.00833
20 0.01005
21 0.01168
22 0.01319
23 0.01456
24 0.01578
25 0.01682
26 0.01767
27 0.01830
28 0.01869
29 0.01883

f (Xl).f(Xm) b-a

0.00000 29
0.00000 14.5

0.00000 7.25

0.00000 3.625

0.00000 1.8125

0.00000 0.90625

0.00000 0.453125

0.00000 0.2265625

0.00000 0.11328125
10 15 20 25 30 35

Axis Title
Fungsi f(x) = -6.7665E-09 x4 + -2.6689E-06 x3 + 0.00012748

Cari 4 akar persamaan lainnya

Metode Newton - Raphson

Nilai Relatif error 0,02%

Step 1 : Mencari turunan fungsi

Determinan f'(x) = -2.7066E-08 x3 + -8.0067E-06 x2 + 0.00025496

Step 2 : Gunakan initial guess Xi untuk mendapatkan nilai Xi+1

Formulasi

𝑋_(𝑖+1)=𝑋_𝑖−𝑓(𝑥_𝑖 )/(𝑓^′ (𝑥_𝑖 ) )

X0 = 9

X1 = 15.25

Untuk menemukan nilai absolut relative error , dengan menggunakan rumus

|∈_𝑎 |=|(𝑥_(𝑖+1)−𝑥_𝑖)/𝑥_(𝑖+1) |𝑥 100

єa = 41.00 %

Tabel Penyelesaian Metode Newton -Raphson

Iteration xi f (x) f ' (x) xi+1 f (xi+1) єa (%)

1 9 -0.0102 0.0016 15.25 0.0013 40.999

2 15.25 0.0013 0.0019 14.57 -9.3E-07 4.680

3 14.57 0.0000 0.0019 14.57 5.1E-13 0.003

X= 14.57
Iteration xi f (x) f ' (x) xi+1 f (xi+1) єa (%)
1 35 0.0131 -0.0020 41.39 -0.009 15.44

2 41.39 -0.0092 -0.0051 39.58 -8.8E-04 4.587

3 39.58 -0.0009 -0.0041 39.36411 -1.1E-05 0.541

4 39.36 0.0000 -0.0040 39.36126 -2.0E-09 0.007

X= 39.36
x2 + -0.018507 = 0

x = 0

Mencari x =0 - 29

X f(x)
-100 3.24854 4.00000
-99 3.17057
-98 3.09364 3.00000
-97 3.01775
-96 2.94291
2.00000
-95 2.86911
-94 2.79636
-93 2.72465 1.00000
f (x)

-92 2.65398
-91 2.58435 0.00000
-150 -100 -50 0
-90 2.51576
-89 2.44821
-1.00000
-88 2.38169
-87 2.31622
-86 2.25177 -2.00000
-85 2.18836
-84 2.12597 -3.00000
-83 2.06462
-82 2.00429 X
-81 1.94498
-80 1.88669
-79 1.82941
-78 1.77315
-77 1.71790
-76 1.66366

-75 1.61041

-74 1.55817
-73 1.50692
-72 1.45667
-71 1.40740
-70 1.35911
-69 1.31181

-68 1.26547

-67 1.22010

-66 1.17570

-65 1.13226
-64 1.08976
-63 1.04822
-62 1.00762
-61 0.96795
-60 0.92921
-59 0.89139
-58 0.85450
-57 0.81851
-56 0.78343
-55 0.74924
-54 0.71594
-53 0.68353
-52 0.65199
-51 0.62132
-50 0.59151
-49 0.56256
-48 0.53445
-47 0.50717
-46 0.48072
-45 0.45510
-44 0.43028
-43 0.40627
-42 0.38305
-41 0.36061
-40 0.33895
-39 0.31805
-38 0.29791
-37 0.27852
-36 0.25986
-35 0.24193
-34 0.22472
-33 0.20821
-32 0.19239
-31 0.17726
-30 0.16280
-29 0.14901
-28 0.13587
-27 0.12336
-26 0.11149
-25 0.10023
-24 0.08957
-23 0.07951
-22 0.07003
-21 0.06111
-20 0.05275
-19 0.04494
-18 0.03765
-17 0.03088
-16 0.02462
-15 0.01884
-14 0.01354
-13 0.00871
-12 0.00432
-11 0.00037
-10 -0.00316
-9 -0.00628
-8 -0.00901
-7 -0.01136
-6 -0.01335
-5 -0.01499
-4 -0.01630
-3 -0.01729
-2 -0.01798
-1 -0.01838
0 -0.01851
1 -0.01838
2 -0.01802
3 -0.01743
4 -0.01664
5 -0.01566
6 -0.01450
7 -0.01319
8 -0.01174
9 -0.01017
10 -0.00850
11 -0.00673
12 -0.00490
13 -0.00302
14 -0.00110
15 0.00083
16 0.00275
17 0.00466
18 0.00652
19 0.00833
20 0.01005
21 0.01168
22 0.01319
23 0.01456
24 0.01578
25 0.01682
26 0.01767
27 0.01830
28 0.01869
29 0.01883
30 0.01868
31 0.01824
32 0.01748
33 0.01638
34 0.01492
35 0.01307
36 0.01082
37 0.00814
38 0.00502
39 0.00142
40 -0.00267
41 -0.00728
42 -0.01242
43 -0.01813
44 -0.02441
45 -0.03131
46 -0.03884
47 -0.04702
48 -0.05587
49 -0.06543
50 -0.07571
51 -0.08674
52 -0.09854
53 -0.11114
54 -0.12457
55 -0.13884
56 -0.15398
57 -0.17001
58 -0.18697
59 -0.20488
60 -0.22376
61 -0.24363
62 -0.26453
63 -0.28648
64 -0.30951
65 -0.33364
66 -0.35889
67 -0.38531
68 -0.41290
69 -0.44171
70 -0.47175
71 -0.50306
72 -0.53565
73 -0.56957
74 -0.60483
75 -0.64147
76 -0.67951
77 -0.71898
78 -0.75991
79 -0.80233
80 -0.84627
81 -0.89175
82 -0.93881
83 -0.98747
84 -1.03776
85 -1.08972
86 -1.14337
87 -1.19874
88 -1.25587
89 -1.31478
90 -1.37550
91 -1.43806
92 -1.50250
93 -1.56885
94 -1.63713
95 -1.70738
96 -1.77963
97 -1.85391
98 -1.93026
99 -2.00869
100 -2.08926
 4.00000

3.00000

2.00000

1.00000

0.00000
-50 0 50 100 150

-1.00000

-2.00000

-3.00000

X
 Fungsi f(x) = -6.7665E-09 x4 + -2.6689E-06 x3 + 0.00012748

Cari 4 akar persamaan lainnya

Metode Secant
Nilai Relatif error 0,02%

Step 1 : Mendapatkan nilai Xi+1

Formulasi

𝑋_(𝑖+1)=𝑋_𝑖−(𝑓(𝑥_𝑖 ). (𝑥_𝑖−𝑥_(𝑖−1)))/(𝑓(𝑥_𝑖 )−𝑓(𝑥_(𝑖−1)))

X0 = 15
X-1 = 10

f (15) = 0.00083
f (10) = -0.00850

X1 = 14.56

Untuk menemukan nilai absolut relative error , dengan menggunakan rumus

|∈_𝑎 |=|(𝑥_(𝑖+1)−𝑥_𝑖)/𝑥_(𝑖+1) |𝑥 100

єa = 3.04 %

Tabel Penyelesaian Metode Secant

Iterasi xi f(xi) xi-1 f(xi-1) xi+1 єa (%)

1 15 0.0008 10 -0.0085 14.56 3.04

2 14.56 0.0000 15 0.0008 14.57 0.106

3 14.57 0.0000 14.56 0.0000 14.57 2.16E-05

x= 14.57

\
x2 + -0.018507 = 0

Mencari x =0 - 29

X f(x)
0 -0.01851 0.50000
1 -0.01838
2 -0.01802
0.00000
3 -0.01743 0 20 40 60
4 -0.01664
5 -0.01566 -0.50000
6 -0.01450
7 -0.01319

f (x)
8 -0.01174 -1.00000
9 -0.01017
10 -0.00850
11 -0.00673 -1.50000
12 -0.00490
13 -0.00302
-2.00000
14 -0.00110
15 0.00083
16 0.00275 -2.50000
17 0.00466
18 0.00652 X
19 0.00833
20 0.01005
21 0.01168
22 0.01319
23 0.01456
24 0.01578

25 0.01682

26 0.01767
27 0.01830
28 0.01869
29 0.01883

30 0.01868

31 0.01824
32 0.01748
33 0.01638
34 0.01492

35 0.01307

36 0.01082

37 0.00814

38 0.00502
39 0.00142
40 -0.00267
41 -0.00728
42 -0.01242
43 -0.01813
44 -0.02441
45 -0.03131
46 -0.03884
47 -0.04702
48 -0.05587
49 -0.06543
50 -0.07571
51 -0.08674
52 -0.09854
53 -0.11114
54 -0.12457
55 -0.13884
56 -0.15398
57 -0.17001
58 -0.18697
59 -0.20488
60 -0.22376
61 -0.24363
62 -0.26453
63 -0.28648
64 -0.30951
65 -0.33364
66 -0.35889
67 -0.38531
68 -0.41290
69 -0.44171
70 -0.47175
71 -0.50306
72 -0.53565
73 -0.56957
74 -0.60483
75 -0.64147
76 -0.67951
77 -0.71898
78 -0.75991
79 -0.80233
80 -0.84627
81 -0.89175
82 -0.93881
83 -0.98747
84 -1.03776
85 -1.08972
86 -1.14337
87 -1.19874
88 -1.25587
89 -1.31478
90 -1.37550
91 -1.43806
92 -1.50250
93 -1.56885
94 -1.63713
95 -1.70738
96 -1.77963
97 -1.85391
98 -1.93026
99 -2.00869
100 -2.08926
20 40 60 80 100 120

X
 Hubungan antara f.a.s dam fc' dapat ditentukan lewat persamanaan yang diusulkan olhe duff abrams

Fas
X
fc' 60
Fas Log (fc') x2 X . Log (fc')
MPa
0.5 48.28 1.6838 0.25 0.8419 50
0.5 48.62 1.6868 0.25 0.8434
0.5 49.88 1.6979 0.25 0.8490
40
0.6 31.3 1.4955 0.36 0.8973
0.6 28.34 1.4524 0.36 0.8714
30
0.6 28.58 1.4561 0.36 0.8736
0.68 25.29 1.4029 0.46 0.9540
20
0.68 26.25 1.4191 0.46 0.9650
0.68 15.69 1.1956 0.46 0.8130
10
0.75 12.85 1.1089 0.56 0.8317
0.75 15.64 1.1942 0.56 0.8957
0.75 20.84 1.3189 0.56 0.9892 0
0.4 0.5
Σ 7.59 17.1 4.9 10.6

n = Jumlah data

n= 12

A .B = C

n Σx bo Σx
x =
Σx Σx2 b1 Σx.y

12 7.59 bo 17.1
x =
7.59 4.9 b1 10.6

bo 3.93 -6.08 17.1

b1 -6.08 9.61 10.6

bo 2.632
b1 -1.906

A= 428.16
B= 18.65

2.6316 - Log fc'

Fas =
1.906 ………..(2b)
 Tentukan hubungan antara fc' dan kebutuhan lewat hubungan fas dan fc'

AIR
X Y
Air
fas x2 x.y
(Kg)
0.5 194 0.25 97
0.6 189 0.36 113.4
0.68 192 0.46 130.56
0.75 189 0.56 141.75
Σ 2.53 764 1.6349 482.71

n= 4

y = ao + a1x

n Σx ao Σy
x =
Σx Σx2 a1 Σx.y

4 2.53 ao 764
x =
2.53 1.6349 a1 482.71

a0 11.79 -18.24 764

=
a1 -18.24 28.84 482.71

a0 200.49
a1 -14.996

Air = 200.485 - 14.9964. fas ………..(3a)

Subsititusi 2b. Dan 3

Air = 200.485 - 14.9964. fas

2.6316 - Log fc'

Air = 200.485 - 14.9964
1.906

SEMEN
X Y
Semen
fas x2 x.y
(Kg)
0.5 387 0.25 193.5
0.6 315 0.36 189
0.68 282 0.46 191.76
0.75 252 0.56 189
2.53 1236 1.6349 763.26
 n= 4

y = ao + a1x

n Σx ao Σy
x =
Σx Σx2 a1 Σx.y

4 2.53 ao 1236
x =
2.53 1.6349 a1 763.26

a0 11.79 -18.24 1236

=
a1 -18.24 28.84 763.26

a0 646.64
a1 -533.814

2.6316 - Log fc'

Semen = 646.6373 - 533.814
1.906

Pasir
X Y
Pasir
fas x2 x.y
(Kg)
0.5 546 0.25 273
0.6 569 0.36 341.4
0.68 578 0.46 393.04
0.75 588 0.56 441
2.53 2281 1.6349 1448.44

n= 4

y = ao + a1x

n Σx ao Σy
x =
Σx Σx 2
a1 Σx.y

4 2.53 ao 2281
x =
2.53 1.6349 a1 1448.44

a0 11.79 -18.24 2281

=
a1 -18.24 28.84 1448.44

a0 466.14
a1 164.600
 2.6316 - Log fc'
Pasir = 466.14 + 164.600
1.906

Kerikil
X Y
Kerikil
fas x2 x.y
(Kg)
0.5 1273 0.25 636.5
0.6 1327 0.36 796.2
0.68 1348 0.46 916.64
0.75 1371 0.56 1028.25
2.53 5319 1.6349 3377.59

n= 4

y = ao + a1x

n Σx ao Σy
x =
Σx Σx2 a1 Σx.y

4 2.53 ao 5319
x =
2.53 1.6349 a1 3377.59

a0 11.79 -18.24 5319

=
a1 -18.24 28.84 3377.59

a0 1086.74
a1 384.211

2.6316 - Log fc'

Kerikil = 1086.74 + 384.211
1.906

Propersi Campuran

fc' Air Semen Pasir Kerikil Total

MPa Kg Kg Kg Kg (Kg)
15 189 239 592 1380 2400
20 190 274 581 1355 2400
25 191 301 573 1335 2400
30 191 323 566 1319 2400
35 192 342 560 1306 2400
40 192 358 555 1294 2400
45 193 373 551 1284 2400
50 193 385 547 1275 2400
 fas fc' Predict
0.5 47.706
0.51 45.658
0.52 43.697
0.53 41.821
0.54 40.025
0.55 38.306
0.56 36.661
0.57 35.087
0.58 33.581
0.59 32.139
0.6 30.759
0.61 29.438
0.62 28.174
0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.63 26.964
0.64 25.806
0.65 24.698
0.66 23.638
0.67 22.623
0.68 21.651
0.69 20.722
0.7 19.832
0.71 18.980
0.72 18.165
0.73 17.385
0.74 16.639
0.75 15.924
………..(3a)